WO2024256949A1 - Thermoplongeur compartimenté comportant de la poudre céramique électriquement isolante - Google Patents
Thermoplongeur compartimenté comportant de la poudre céramique électriquement isolante Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024256949A1 WO2024256949A1 PCT/IB2024/055653 IB2024055653W WO2024256949A1 WO 2024256949 A1 WO2024256949 A1 WO 2024256949A1 IB 2024055653 W IB2024055653 W IB 2024055653W WO 2024256949 A1 WO2024256949 A1 WO 2024256949A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- immersion heater
- sheath
- compartment
- wall
- electrically insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/005—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like with heating or cooling means
- B22D41/01—Heating means
- B22D41/015—Heating means with external heating, i.e. the heat source not being a part of the ladle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/02—Ohmic resistance heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
- H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
- F27D2099/0008—Resistor heating
- F27D2099/0011—The resistor heats a radiant tube or surface
- F27D2099/0013—The resistor heats a radiant tube or surface immersed in the charge
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of foundry equipment and relates in particular to the foundry of non-ferrous metals having a relatively low melting point, typically below 1100°C.
- the invention relates to an electric immersion heater for maintaining a previously melted metal bath in the liquid state or for melting a batch of solid metal, in particular alloys or non-alloyed metals of aluminum, magnesium or zinc.
- an electric immersion heater is an electrical device which comprises a heating zone intended to be placed in contact with a bath of liquid metal to be heated, and a non-heating zone making it possible to make the connection between the heating zone and an electrical power supply unit.
- an immersion heater In a foundry workshop, the most common use of an immersion heater is to maintain the temperature of a molten metal, previously melted using a gas furnace for example. For example, this temperature maintenance can be done in a liquid metal treatment ladle, during degassing or filtration of the liquid metal. According to a more recent application, designed by the applicant company, an immersion heater can be used to melt metal in the solid state and possibly to maintain the temperature of the molten metal thus obtained.
- Immersion heaters for heating a bath of liquid metal have been known for decades, for example from GB 1 027 163, FR 2 720 888, they generally comprise one or more heating elements placed in a cylindrical sheath which separates them from the bath which they are to heat.
- the sheath can be made of inert ceramic material, for example silicon nitride, boron nitride, SiAlON, silicon carbide.
- the heating element can be made in the form of a heating ceramic, for example SiC, as is known from WO 2005/060314, or graphite, as described in FR 2 559 886 and FR 2 622 382.
- Immersion heaters are also known for heating a bath of liquid metal, the tubular sheath of which comprises a plurality of metal heating elements which are embedded in an electrofused magnesia powder, which is an electrical insulator and has suitable thermal conductivity.
- the immersion heaters which are currently on the market use this principle.
- an immersion heater usually comprises an inert tubular sheath which surrounds a core comprising electrically insulating ceramic powder, for example electrofused magnesia, in which the heating elements of the immersion heater and the electrical supply lines necessary for the operation of these heating elements.
- Electrically insulating ceramic powder has a very high production cost. Consequently, increasing the volume of the immersion heater in order to position more heating elements or heating elements of larger size and power in said immersion heater induces a cost, associated with the necessary electrically insulating ceramic powder, which is too high. We are therefore looking for an alternative way to reduce the cost of immersion heaters, without reducing their quality and longevity.
- the present invention aims to remedy the limitations described above and in particular to provide an immersion heater offering increased heating capacity, while limiting the cost associated with this increase in power.
- the invention aims at an immersion heater configured to be placed in contact with a material to be heated, in particular a molten non-ferrous metal, which comprises:
- sheath delimiting a first compartment at least partly filled with electrically insulating ceramic powder, said sheath being configured to be placed in contact with the material to be heated,
- the second compartment is filled at least in part with an inert material.
- an immersion heater comprising a second solidly empty compartment
- This thermal draft phenomenon occurs because the temperature difference between the bottom of the immersion heater with its resistors between 800°C and 1100°C and the top of the immersion heater which causes an air flow.
- the hot air whose density and pressure are lower than those of cold air, rises in the tube.
- the addition in the second compartment of an inert material, and in particular of a refractory ceramic insulator makes it possible to limit this thermal draft effect.
- the inert material at least partially filling the second compartment delimited by the wall is a refractory ceramic insulating material. Said material may be of the flexible type, in a machined block or vacuum-molded.
- the inert material at least partially filling the second compartment delimited by the wall comprises high temperature resistant fibers.
- these high temperature resistant fibers are polycrystalline mullite fibers or silico-aluminous fibers.
- the second compartment delimited by the wall is partly filled with an inert material and remains partly empty of solid material.
- the second compartment delimited by the wall is filled at least partly with an inert gas which may be argon or another noble gas.
- the second compartment is at least 30% by volume filled with an inert material, the remaining volume of the second compartment being left empty of solid material. In other embodiments, the second compartment is at least 40%, 60%, 80% or 90% filled with an inert material.
- An electric immersion heater comprises a heating zone, and a non-heating zone for connecting the heating zone to a support of the immersion heater connected by means of an electrical supply.
- the heating zone of the immersion heater is located on the lower part of the immersion heater, it comprises a plurality of heating elements, usually electrical resistors, brought to a high temperature by the passage of an electric current.
- the part of the second compartment corresponding in height to the heating zone of the immersion heater is filled with inert material and the part of the second compartment corresponding in height to the non-heating zone of the immersion heater is left empty of solid material.
- the immersion heater comprises at least one thermocouple type temperature sensor.
- the at least one thermocouple is positioned in the first compartment of the immersion heater and more preferably in the heating zone of the immersion heater.
- the at least one thermocouple is arranged in the electrically insulating ceramic powder.
- the temperature sensor is protected by a glove finger.
- the electrically insulating ceramic powder is selected from zinc oxide powder, alumina powder, magnesium oxide [magnesia] powder or boron nitride powder. It advantageously has good thermal conductivity.
- the wall disposed inside the sheath and delimiting a compartment filled at least in part with an insulating material is formed at least in part from a ceramic material.
- the wall can be formed from a material of comparatively low cost compared to the cost of electrically insulating ceramic powder, while exhibiting sufficient mechanical strength and thermal resistance characteristics.
- the wall is formed from a high performance alloy, preferably a nickel-based alloy exhibiting low expansion at 1100°C.
- the wall is formed from an alloy selected from Inconel alloys or CMSX single-crystal alloys.
- a high-performance alloy or superalloy is a metal alloy having excellent mechanical strength and good creep resistance at high temperature, good surface stability and good resistance to corrosion and oxidation.
- the sheath has a circular section.
- the sheath has an external diameter greater than or equal to 50 millimeters, preferably greater than 75 mm, more preferably greater than 95 mm, and even more preferably greater than 115 mm.
- the immersion heater has sufficient dimensions to include more heating elements or larger heating elements.
- the wall is a tube of circular section.
- the center of the circular section sheath and the center of the circular section wall are substantially identical, so that the first compartment, formed between the sheath and the wall, and intended to be filled at least in part with electrically insulating ceramic powder, has an annular section.
- the heating elements can be arranged in said first compartment of annular section. The heating elements thus positioned are close to the sheath, thus allowing better diffusion of heat towards the sheath and indirectly towards the material to be heated.
- the heating elements are arranged in substantially straight turns arranged substantially parallel to an axis running through the center of the sheath and in which the immersion heater comprises at least 15 turns, preferably at least 20 turns, preferably at least 20 turns, preferably at least 25 turns, preferably at least 30 turns.
- the immersion heater comprises 36 turns.
- a coil is a plurality of heating resistors supplied by the same current supplies and forming a substantially linear assembly arranged longitudinally in the immersion heater, preferably close to the sheath.
- the immersion heater object of the invention is particularly distinguished from known immersion heaters in that the diameter of the first compartment delimited by the sheath can be increased in order to accommodate more heating elements or larger heating elements.
- the immersion heater comprises 16, 24, 32 or 36 turns.
- the heating elements are arranged in substantially straight turns arranged substantially parallel to an axis running through the center of the sheath and in which said turns are positioned close to the inner periphery of the sheath.
- the turns thus positioned are close to the sheath, thus allowing better diffusion of heat towards the sheath and indirectly towards the material to be heated.
- the heating elements comprise electrical resistors comprising molybdenum or an alloy selected from an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy [FeCrAl], a nickel alloy and a chromium alloy.
- the device according to the invention advantageously has a cylindrical shape and a coaxial and symmetrical structure with respect to the central axis.
- the device has a different shape and/or structure, for example an orthogonal section or a section of variable diameter.
- a second object of the invention is represented by a method of manufacturing an immersion heater according to any one of the embodiments of the invention, in which a sheath, a tubular wall, a plurality of heating elements and an electrically insulating powder are supplied, said tubular wall is placed inside said sheath, the heating elements are introduced into the first compartment between the sheath and the wall, then said first compartment is filled with electrically insulating powder in stages, at least certain stages, and preferably each filling stage, being followed by at least one tamping stage.
- FIG. 1 represents, schematically and in axial section view, a first embodiment of an immersion heater according to the invention
- Fig 2 represents, schematically and in cross-sectional view, the immersion heater object of the first embodiment
- Figures 1 and 2 show a first particular embodiment of an immersion heater 100 according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows an axial sectional view of the immersion heater.
- Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the heating part of the immersion heater 100, along the section plane A-A, visible in Figure 1.
- the immersion heater 100 is an electric immersion heater comprising a heating zone 101, and a non-heating zone 102 making it possible to make the connection between the heating zone and a support of the immersion heater 100 connected to an electrical power supply means 110.
- the immersion heater 100 is intended to be positioned in a tank [not shown] containing metal to be heated.
- the heating zone 102 of the immersion heater 100 is intended to be placed in contact with the metal, whether it is a molten metal to be maintained at temperature in order to keep it in the liquid state or a solid metal to be heated.
- the heating zone 101 of the immersion heater 100 comprises a plurality of heating elements, 115, 116, brought to a high temperature by the passage of an electric current; this is a resistive heating.
- each heating element comprises an electrical conductor, which is in contact with an electrically insulating material 130 capable of transmitting its heat to a sheath 120 [external sheath] forming the outermost layer of the body of the immersion heater 100, which in turn transmits the heat to the metal or alloy to be melted or maintained in the liquid state.
- the mechanism for transmitting heat from the sheath of the immersion heater to the metal in the tank is most efficiently by conduction, when the immersion heater is immersed in liquid metal or when its sheath touches solid metal over a significant fraction of its surface. Outside of these areas of direct contact, the heat transfer between the sheath and the metal contained in the tank is radiative and/or convective.
- the heat transfer from the heating element 115 to the sheath 120 and then to the material to be heated 90 is represented by the arrow 80, in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the immersion heater 100 is for example configured to maintain in the liquid state a metal 90 in liquid form comprising a non-ferrous metal or an alloy with base of a non-ferrous metal which has a melting temperature sufficiently low to be compatible with the use of an electric immersion heater.
- the non-ferrous metal may be any metal or alloy having a melting temperature which does not exceed approximately 1100°C.
- the base metal may for example be chosen from aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper, tin, lead, lithium, silver.
- the sheath 120 of the immersion heater 100 is preferably formed from boron nitride or silicon nitride. These refractory materials have a high heat resistance and are chemically inert, in addition to offering satisfactory mechanical resistance.
- the sheath 120 delimits a first compartment 150 inside which the heating elements, 115, 116, of the immersion heater 100 are arranged.
- Said first compartment 150 is at least partly filled with electrically insulating ceramic powder 130.
- the electrically insulating ceramic powder 130 is a material selected for its electrical insulating characteristics, allowing direct contact with the electrical conductors of the heating element, and for its heat conductor characteristics.
- the electrically insulating ceramic powder 130 must have excellent temperature resistance, it must not degrade over time, allowing an effective service life of the immersion heater typically ranging from one to several tens of months of continuous use. It advantageously has good thermal conductivity.
- the electrically insulating ceramic powder 130 is an electrofused magnesia [magnesium oxide: MgO] powder.
- the electrofused magnesia powder is manufactured by melting magnesium oxide at a temperature exceeding 3,000°C.
- the electrically insulating ceramic powder is selected from a zinc oxide [ZnO] powder, an alumina [Al2O3] powder or a boron nitride powder.
- the immersion heater 100 comprises at least one wall 140 delimiting a second closed compartment 145, distinct from the first compartment.
- Said second compartment has the function of reducing the quantity of electrically insulating ceramic powder 130 necessary for the manufacture of the immersion heater 100 and thus of reducing the manufacturing cost.
- the wall 140 is typically a tubular wall, its axial section is advantageously circular.
- the wall 140 is formed of a material having sufficient mechanical strength and thermal resistance characteristics, without requiring good thermal conduction.
- the wall 140 is formed of ceramic, for example alumina.
- the wall 140 is formed of mullite or jcordierit [Mji]
- the wall is formed of a high-performance alloy, preferably a nickel-based alloy having low expansion at 1100°C.
- the wall is formed of an alloy chosen from Inconel alloys or CMSX monocrystalline alloys.
- the second compartment 145 delimited by the wall 140 remains partly empty of solid material.
- the part of the second compartment empty of solid material comprises gas which may be air.
- the air is expelled in order to be replaced by an inert gas, unlikely to oxidize the wall, which may be for example argon or another noble gas.
- the second compartment 145 is at least partly filled with an inert material in particulate form.
- the inert material contained in the second compartment 145 makes it possible to prevent a thermal draft phenomenon.
- the inert material can also exert a counter-pressure against the wall 140.
- said inert material comprises high temperature resistance fibers, for example polycrystalline mullite fibers or silico-alumina fibers.
- said inert material is an alumina powder.
- the sheath 120 typically has a circular section.
- the outer diameter of the sheath 120 is at least 55 millimeters [hereinafter abbreviated “mm”], preferably at least 75 mm.
- the diameter of the sheath 120 is greater than 95 mm or greater than 115 mm. Increasing the diameter of the sheath 120 makes it possible to place a greater number of heating elements 115, 116 inside the immersion heater 100, which makes it possible to increase its thermal power.
- the wall 140 is a tube of circular section also, forming a second compartment 145 of round section shape.
- the first compartment 150 formed on the one hand by the sheath 120 and on the other hand by the wall 140 thus has an advantageous annular shape for the placement of the heating elements, 115, 116, as detailed in the following paragraph.
- the tube forming the wall 140 is of constant diameter over the entire height of the immersion heater.
- the immersion heater 100 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises sixteen heating elements, of which only the heating elements 115 and 116 are labeled in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the immersion heater 100 comprises at least 20 heating elements, preferably at least 30 heating elements.
- the heating elements are positioned close to the inner periphery of the sheath 120 in order to allow better heat transfer to the latter.
- the heating elements, 115, 116 are arranged in a circle concentric with the circle formed by the sheath 120. Any other arrangement and any other number of heating elements can be adopted without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the heating elements are arranged in substantially straight turns arranged substantially parallel to an axis running through the center of the sheath 120 and said turns are positioned close to the inner periphery of the sheath 120.
- the heating elements 115, 116 comprise electrical resistors comprising molybdenum or an alloy chosen from an iron-chromium-aluminium alloy [FeCrAl], a nickel and chromium alloy.
- the tubular wall 140 forms a compartment with a rectangular or polygonal cross-section, for example octagonal or hexagonal.
- the second compartment 145 formed by the wall 140 does not have the same dimensions over the entire height of the immersion heater 100.
- the second compartment 140 at a cross-section in the non-heating part of the immersion heater 100 has a smaller surface area than the surface area of the second compartment 140 at a cross-section in the non-heating part of the immersion heater 100.
- the immersion heater comprises a first compartment at least partly filled with electrically insulating ceramic powder and a plurality of walls arranged inside the first compartment, each of said walls delimiting a compartment which can remain empty of solid material or which can be filled at least partly with an insulating material.
- a sheath 120, a tubular wall 140, a plurality of heating elements 115, 116 and an electrically insulating powder 130 are supplied, said tubular wall 140 is placed inside said sheath 120, the electrical conductors are introduced into the first compartment 150 between the sheath 120 and the wall 140, then said first compartment 150 is filled with electrically insulating ceramic powder in stages, at least some filling steps (and preferably each filling step) being followed by at least one compaction step.
- the powder is pressed using a tamping tool in the shape of an annular or ring section, capable of being inserted from above into the annular space formed by the first compartment 150.
- a tamping tool in the shape of an annular or ring section, capable of being inserted from above into the annular space formed by the first compartment 150.
- said first compartment is gradually filled with a dense, packed bed of electrically insulating ceramic powder, which ensures excellent thermal contact with the heating elements 115, 116.
- each step of introducing the electrically insulating ceramic powder, or at least one of these steps, and preferably at least the last, is followed by a step of compaction by vibrating the sheath 150 and/or the tube 140.
- said compaction tool is produced as a vibrocompaction tool.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480038555.7A CN121285437A (zh) | 2023-06-12 | 2024-06-10 | 包含电绝缘陶瓷粉末的隔室式浸入式加热器 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2305907A FR3149746A1 (fr) | 2023-06-12 | 2023-06-12 | Thermoplongeur compartimenté comportant de la poudre céramique électriquement isolante |
| FRFR2305907 | 2023-06-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024256949A1 true WO2024256949A1 (fr) | 2024-12-19 |
Family
ID=87974736
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2024/055653 Pending WO2024256949A1 (fr) | 2023-06-12 | 2024-06-10 | Thermoplongeur compartimenté comportant de la poudre céramique électriquement isolante |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN121285437A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3149746A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024256949A1 (fr) |
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3050833A (en) * | 1958-05-19 | 1962-08-28 | Thermal Mfg Company | Method of making electrically insulated heating units |
| GB1027163A (en) | 1961-08-23 | 1966-04-27 | Morganite Thermal Designs Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electrical resistance heaters |
| FR2517918A1 (fr) * | 1981-12-09 | 1983-06-10 | Bonet Andre | Corps chauffants, rechauffeurs electriques de fluides adaptes et procede de realisation de tels appareils |
| FR2559886A1 (fr) | 1984-02-16 | 1985-08-23 | Electricite De France | Dispositif de chauffage electrique comportant un element chauffant resistif |
| FR2622382A2 (fr) | 1986-06-26 | 1989-04-28 | Electricite De France | Dispositif de chauffage electrique comportant une gaine metallique associe a un circuit d'alimentation en gaz inerte |
| GB2258592A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1993-02-10 | Paul Walter Dominic Tolkien | Inert gas protects carbon heating element |
| FR2699038A1 (fr) | 1992-12-08 | 1994-06-10 | Electricite De France | Canne thermoplongeante pour le chauffage électrique de produits fusibles et son application notamment à l'aluminium. |
| FR2720888A1 (fr) | 1994-06-03 | 1995-12-08 | Electricite De France | Enveloppe protectrice perfectionnée pour composant électrique. |
| JPH118049A (ja) * | 1997-06-19 | 1999-01-12 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 溶融金属加熱ヒーター及びその組立方法 |
| WO2005060314A1 (fr) | 2003-12-18 | 2005-06-30 | Electricite De France | Thermo-plongeur electrique a element chauffant gaine |
| CN105960033A (zh) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-09-21 | 北京中兴实强陶瓷轴承有限公司 | 一种加热器 |
| US9993870B2 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-06-12 | Pyrotek High-Temperature Industrial Products Inc. | Heated control pin |
-
2023
- 2023-06-12 FR FR2305907A patent/FR3149746A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-06-10 CN CN202480038555.7A patent/CN121285437A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-10 WO PCT/IB2024/055653 patent/WO2024256949A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3050833A (en) * | 1958-05-19 | 1962-08-28 | Thermal Mfg Company | Method of making electrically insulated heating units |
| GB1027163A (en) | 1961-08-23 | 1966-04-27 | Morganite Thermal Designs Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electrical resistance heaters |
| FR2517918A1 (fr) * | 1981-12-09 | 1983-06-10 | Bonet Andre | Corps chauffants, rechauffeurs electriques de fluides adaptes et procede de realisation de tels appareils |
| FR2559886A1 (fr) | 1984-02-16 | 1985-08-23 | Electricite De France | Dispositif de chauffage electrique comportant un element chauffant resistif |
| FR2622382A2 (fr) | 1986-06-26 | 1989-04-28 | Electricite De France | Dispositif de chauffage electrique comportant une gaine metallique associe a un circuit d'alimentation en gaz inerte |
| GB2258592A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1993-02-10 | Paul Walter Dominic Tolkien | Inert gas protects carbon heating element |
| FR2699038A1 (fr) | 1992-12-08 | 1994-06-10 | Electricite De France | Canne thermoplongeante pour le chauffage électrique de produits fusibles et son application notamment à l'aluminium. |
| FR2720888A1 (fr) | 1994-06-03 | 1995-12-08 | Electricite De France | Enveloppe protectrice perfectionnée pour composant électrique. |
| JPH118049A (ja) * | 1997-06-19 | 1999-01-12 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 溶融金属加熱ヒーター及びその組立方法 |
| WO2005060314A1 (fr) | 2003-12-18 | 2005-06-30 | Electricite De France | Thermo-plongeur electrique a element chauffant gaine |
| US9993870B2 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2018-06-12 | Pyrotek High-Temperature Industrial Products Inc. | Heated control pin |
| CN105960033A (zh) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-09-21 | 北京中兴实强陶瓷轴承有限公司 | 一种加热器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3149746A1 (fr) | 2024-12-13 |
| CN121285437A (zh) | 2026-01-06 |
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