WO2024257734A1 - ロックホッパの運転方法、および固体移動装置 - Google Patents
ロックホッパの運転方法、および固体移動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024257734A1 WO2024257734A1 PCT/JP2024/021084 JP2024021084W WO2024257734A1 WO 2024257734 A1 WO2024257734 A1 WO 2024257734A1 JP 2024021084 W JP2024021084 W JP 2024021084W WO 2024257734 A1 WO2024257734 A1 WO 2024257734A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
- C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
- C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/148—Details of the flowsheet involving a recycle stream to the feed of the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1642—Controlling the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/169—Controlling the feed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1695—Adjusting the feed of the combustion
Definitions
- Patent Document 1 describes a dust collection device that removes solid matter generated when flammable gas is generated.
- This dust collection device includes a filter device that removes solid matter from the flammable gas.
- the filter device is connected to a lock hopper via a receiving valve. While the receiving valve is open, solid matter accumulates in the lock hopper from the filter. When the amount of solid matter accumulated in the lock hopper reaches a predetermined amount, the receiving valve is closed. Nitrogen is then supplied into the lock hopper as a non-flammable gas. The solid matter is then discharged from the lock hopper.
- a method for operating a lock hopper having a solid transfer process is provided.
- the solid transfer process is a process for transferring a solid from either inside or outside the flammable gas generation system to the other by introducing a solid into the lock hopper or discharging the solid from the lock hopper.
- the flammable gas generation system is a system for generating flammable gas.
- the method for operating a lock hopper has a non-flammable gas introduction process and a discharge process.
- the non-flammable gas introduction process is a process for introducing a non-flammable gas into the lock hopper from a path other than the solid inlet and the solid discharge port.
- the discharge process is a process for discharging the gas in the lock hopper from the lock hopper using a path other than the solid inlet and the solid discharge port.
- a solid transfer device in another aspect of the present disclosure, includes a lock hopper that is utilized to transfer solids from either inside or outside a flammable gas generation system to the other.
- the flammable gas generation system is a system that generates flammable gas.
- the lock hopper is connected to a discharge path and a non-flammable gas supply path, separately from an inlet for the solids and an outlet for the solids.
- the flammable gas discharge path is a path through which gas containing flammable gas is discharged from the lock hopper.
- the non-flammable gas supply path is a path through which non-flammable gas is supplied to the lock hopper.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the carbon discharge process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of the
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a configuration of a fuel gas generation system according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of a fuel gas generation system according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a step of a carbon discharge process according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one step of a catalyst supply process according to the embodiment.
- System Configuration Fig. 1 shows the configuration of a flammable gas production system according to the present embodiment.
- the system shown in Fig. 1 is a system for producing hydrogen using methane as a raw material.
- the hydrogen may be used as fuel for a gas turbine for power generation, for example.
- methane supplied to the system is pressurized by a compressor 10 and supplied to a combustible gas supply path 50.
- a raw gas path 12 is connected to the combustible gas supply path 50.
- the methane in the raw gas path 12 is heated by a heat exchanger 14 and then supplied to a reactor 16.
- the reactor 16 is a device that decomposes methane into hydrogen and carbon by thermal decomposition.
- a catalyst is provided in the reactor 16.
- the catalyst is iron.
- the state of the catalyst is, as an example, a fluidized bed catalyst state.
- the temperature of the reacting methane and catalyst is, for example, 750 to 900°C.
- the pressure in the reactor 16 is higher than atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure in the reactor 16 may be, for example, several ata to several tens of ata.
- Hydrogen and carbon produced by pyrolysis in the reactor 16 and methane in the reactor 16 flow into the heat exchanger 14.
- the mixture of methane and hydrogen and carbon flowing out of the heat exchanger 14 flow into the cyclone 20.
- the cyclone 20 is a centrifugal separator that separates carbon from the mixture of the mixture and carbon.
- the cyclone 20 is connected to a filter device 22. This is a device that captures carbon that could not be separated by the cyclone 20.
- the mixture flowing out of the filter device 22 is compressed by a compressor 24 and then supplied to a hydrogen purification device 26.
- One example of the hydrogen purification device 26 is a PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) system.
- PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption
- the methane separated by the hydrogen purification device 26 is compressed by the off-gas compressor 28 and then returned to the raw gas path 12. Note that because hydrogen is used when separating methane in the hydrogen purification device 26, hydrogen flows into the off-gas compressor 28 in addition to methane.
- the carbon separated from the mixture by the cyclone 20 and the filter device 22 flows into a feed hopper 30.
- the feed hopper 30 is connected to a lock hopper 34 via an inlet valve 32.
- the lock hopper 34 discharges the carbon into a storage tank 38 via a discharge valve 36.
- the storage tank 38 is open to the atmosphere.
- a flammable gas supply line 50 is connected to the lock hopper 34 via a flammable gas supply valve 52.
- a non-flammable gas supply line 56 is also connected to the lock hopper 34 via a non-flammable gas supply valve 58. Nitrogen to be supplied to the system is pressurized by a compressor 54 and supplied to the non-flammable gas supply line 56.
- the lock hopper 34 is connected to the product gas line 60 via a product gas valve 62.
- the product gas line 60 is connected to the off-gas compressor 28.
- the lock hopper 34 is connected to the mixed gas line 64 via a mixed gas valve 66.
- a mixture of methane, hydrogen, and nitrogen is discharged from the lock hopper 34 to the mixed gas line 64.
- This mixture is pressurized by a mixed gas compressor 72 and supplied to the hydrogen purification device 74.
- the hydrogen purification device 74 is, for example, a PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) device.
- the hydrogen extracted from the mixture by the hydrogen purification device 74 is also hydrogen generated by this system.
- the mixture of methane and nitrogen separated from the mixture by the hydrogen purification device 74 may be removed, for example, by combustion.
- the lock hopper 34 is connected to a non-combustible gas discharge path 68 via a non-combustible gas discharge valve 70.
- the non-combustible gas discharge path 68 is open to the atmosphere.
- the solids discharged to the storage tank 38 contain not only carbon, but also a compound of iron and carbon, which acts as a catalyst.
- the regenerator 40 extracts iron from this compound. The iron extracted by the regenerator 40 is combined with new iron being fed to the system and fed to the feed hopper 80.
- the feed hopper 80 is connected to a lock hopper 84 via an inlet valve 82.
- the lock hopper 84 is connected to the reactor 16 via a discharge valve 86.
- a flammable gas supply path 90 is connected to the lock hopper 84 via a flammable gas supply valve 92.
- the flammable gas supply path 90 is connected to the flammable gas supply path 50.
- the lock hopper 84 is connected to a non-flammable gas supply path 94 via a non-flammable gas supply valve 96. Nitrogen compressed by the compressor 54 is supplied to the non-flammable gas supply path 94.
- the lock hopper 84 is connected to a product gas path 100 via a product gas valve 102.
- the product gas path 100 is connected to the off-gas compressor 28.
- the lock hopper 84 is connected to a mixed gas path 104 via a mixed gas valve 106.
- a mixture of methane, hydrogen, and nitrogen is discharged from the lock hopper 84 to the mixed gas path 104. This mixture is pressurized by the mixed gas compressor 72 and supplied to the hydrogen purification device 74.
- the lock hopper 84 is connected to a non-combustible gas discharge path 108 via a non-combustible gas discharge valve 110.
- the non-combustible gas discharge path 108 is open to the atmosphere.
- the control device 200 controls the above-mentioned generation system.
- the control device 200 operates the inlet valve 32, the exhaust valve 36, the flammable gas supply valve 52, the non-flammable gas supply valve 58, the generated gas valve 62, the mixed gas valve 66, and the non-flammable gas exhaust valve 70.
- the control device 200 also operates the inlet valve 82, the exhaust valve 86, the flammable gas supply valve 92, the non-flammable gas supply valve 96, the generated gas valve 102, the mixed gas valve 106, and the non-flammable gas exhaust valve 110.
- the control device 200 includes a PU 202 and a storage device 204.
- the PU 202 is a software processing device that includes at least one of a CPU, a GPU, and a TPU.
- the storage device 204 stores a program that includes commands to open and close the above-mentioned 14 valves. The opening and closing control of the above-mentioned 14 valves is achieved by the PU 202 executing this program.
- the pressure in the reactor 16 is higher than atmospheric pressure.
- the pressure in the cyclone 20 and the pressure in the filter device 22 are also higher than atmospheric pressure.
- the storage 38 is open to the atmosphere. Therefore, the lock hopper 34 is used to discharge carbon from the pressurized system, including the reactor 16, while maintaining the pressure in the pressurized system.
- the carbon discharge process using the lock hopper 34 will be described below with reference to Figures 2 to 9. Note that the numbers in Figures 2 to 9 correspond to the chronological order of the steps.
- FIG. 2 shows the state where solid carbon 112 has accumulated in the lock hopper 34.
- the open/closed states of the inlet valve 32, the exhaust valve 36, the combustible gas supply valve 52, the non-combustible gas supply valve 58, the product gas valve 62, the mixed gas valve 66, and the non-combustible gas exhaust valve 70 are shown in different colors. That is, the valves painted black indicate that they are closed, while the valves painted white indicate that they are open.
- the valves painted black indicate that they are closed, while the valves painted white indicate that they are open.
- the lock hopper 34 in the process of accumulating carbon 112 in the lock hopper 34, only the inlet valve 32 out of the seven valves is open. As a result, the carbon 112 that has flowed into the supply hopper 30 flows into the lock hopper 34.
- the lock hopper 34 also receives a mixture of hydrogen and methane that has flowed out of the reactor 16.
- FIG. 3 shows the process of depressurizing the lock hopper 34. This process is carried out on the condition that the state shown in FIG. 2 is reached. In this process, the PU 202 opens only the product gas valve 62 out of the seven valves. This causes the product gas, which is a mixture of hydrogen and methane in the lock hopper 34, to flow into the product gas path 60.
- FIG. 4 shows the process of expelling the generated gas from the lock hopper 34.
- This process follows the process shown in FIG. 3.
- the PU 202 opens only the non-combustible gas supply valve 58 and the mixed gas valve 66 out of the seven valves. This causes nitrogen to flow from the non-combustible gas supply path 56 into the lock hopper 34. This causes the generated gas in the lock hopper 34 to flow out into the mixed gas path 64.
- FIG. 5 shows the process of discharging carbon 112 from lock hopper 34. This process follows the process shown in FIG. 4. In this process, PU 202 opens only discharge valve 36 out of the seven valves. This causes carbon 112 to fall under the force of gravity into storage 38.
- FIG. 6 shows the process of expelling oxygen from the lock hopper 34.
- This process follows the process shown in FIG. 5.
- the PU 202 opens only two of the seven valves, the non-flammable gas supply valve 58 and the non-flammable gas exhaust valve 70. This causes nitrogen to flow from the non-flammable gas supply path 56 into the lock hopper 34.
- Oxygen flows into the lock hopper 34 from the exhaust port 34b in the process of FIG. 5. Therefore, this oxygen flows out into the non-flammable gas exhaust path 68 along with the flow of nitrogen into the lock hopper 34.
- FIG. 7 shows the process of expelling nitrogen from the lock hopper 34. This process follows the process shown in FIG. 6. In this process, the PU 202 opens only two of the seven valves, the combustible gas supply valve 52 and the mixed gas valve 66. This causes methane to flow from the combustible gas supply valve 52 into the lock hopper 34. As a result, the nitrogen in the lock hopper 34 is discharged into the mixed gas path 64.
- Figure 8 shows the process of pressurizing the lock hopper 34. This process follows the process shown in Figure 7.
- the PU 202 opens only the combustible gas supply valve 52 out of the seven valves. This increases the methane loading concentration in the lock hopper 34, and the pressure in the lock hopper 34 increases. This process is for reducing the difference between the pressure in the lock hopper 34 and the pressure in the reactor 16. In this process, it is desirable to make the pressure in the supply hopper 30 equal to the pressure in the lock hopper 34.
- FIG. 9 shows the process of depositing carbon in the lock hopper 34. This process follows the process shown in FIG. 8. In this process, the PU 202 opens only the inlet valve 32 out of the seven valves. This causes carbon to accumulate, resulting in the state shown in FIG. 2.
- Catalyst supply processing Iron is supplied to the above-mentioned supply hopper 80 in a state open to the atmosphere.
- a lock hopper 84 is used to supply the iron supplied under atmospheric pressure to a pressurized system including the reactor 16. The catalyst supply process using the lock hopper 84 will be described below with reference to Figures 10 to 18.
- Figure 10 shows the state in which iron 114 has been supplied as a catalyst into the supply hopper 80. In this state, all seven valves, the inlet valve 82, the exhaust valve 86, the combustible gas supply valve 92, the non-combustible gas supply valve 96, the product gas valve 102, the mixed gas valve 106, and the non-combustible gas exhaust valve 110, are closed.
- FIG. 11 shows the process of supplying iron 114 to the lock hopper 84. This process is carried out on the condition that the state shown in FIG. 10 is met. In this process, the PU 202 opens only the inlet valve 82 out of the seven valves. This causes the iron 114 in the supply hopper 80 to fall by gravity into the inlet 84b of the lock hopper 84.
- FIG. 12 shows the process of expelling oxygen from the lock hopper 84.
- This process follows the process shown in FIG. 11.
- the PU 202 opens only two of the seven valves, the non-flammable gas supply valve 96 and the non-flammable gas exhaust valve 110. This allows nitrogen to be supplied from the non-flammable gas supply valve 96 to the lock hopper 84.
- Oxygen flows into the lock hopper 84 from the supply hopper 80 in the process shown in FIG. 11. This oxygen is exhausted from the non-flammable gas exhaust path 108 as nitrogen flows into the lock hopper 84.
- FIG. 13 shows the process of expelling nitrogen from the lock hopper 84.
- the process shown in FIG. 13 is a process that follows the process shown in FIG. 12.
- the PU 202 opens only two of the seven valves, the combustible gas supply valve 92 and the mixed gas valve 106. This causes methane to flow from the combustible gas supply path 90 into the lock hopper 84. As a result, the nitrogen in the lock hopper 84 is expelled into the mixed gas path 104.
- Figure 14 shows the process of pressurizing the inside of the lock hopper 84.
- This process follows the process shown in Figure 13.
- the PU 202 opens only the combustible gas supply valve 92 out of the seven valves. This causes methane to flow from the combustible gas supply path 90 into the lock hopper 84. This increases the concentration of methane in the lock hopper 84, thereby pressurizing the inside of the lock hopper 84.
- This process is provided to reduce the difference between the pressure in the lock hopper 84 and the pressure in the reactor 16. In this process, it is desirable to equalize the pressure in the lock hopper 84 and the pressure downstream of the discharge valve 86.
- FIG. 15 shows the process of supplying iron 114 to the reactor 16. This process follows the process shown in FIG. 14. In this process, the PU 202 opens only the discharge valve 86 out of the seven valves. This causes the iron 114 in the lock hopper 84 to be discharged from the lock hopper 84 by the action of gravity.
- FIG. 16 shows the process of reducing the pressure in the lock hopper 84.
- This process follows the process shown in FIG. 15.
- the PU 202 opens only the product gas valve 102 out of the seven valves. This causes the product gas in the lock hopper 84 to flow into the product gas path 100.
- the product gas flows into the lock hopper 84 from the reactor 16 side. Therefore, product gas is present in the lock hopper 84 when the process in FIG. 16 is started.
- FIG. 17 shows the process of expelling the generated gas from within the lock hopper 84.
- This process follows the process shown in FIG. 16.
- the PU 202 opens only two of the seven valves, the non-combustible gas supply valve 96 and the mixed gas valve 106. This causes nitrogen to flow from the non-combustible gas supply path 94 into the lock hopper 84. This expels the generated gas from within the lock hopper 84 into the mixed gas path 104.
- FIG. 18 shows the process of depressurizing the lock hopper 84. This process follows the process shown in FIG. 17. In this process, the PU 202 opens only the non-combustible gas exhaust valve 110 out of the seven valves. This causes the nitrogen in the lock hopper 84 to flow out to the non-combustible gas exhaust valve 110, and the pressure in the lock hopper 84 becomes equivalent to atmospheric pressure.
- the PU 202 pressurized the lock hopper 34 as shown in FIG. 8 before opening the inlet valve 32. This reduces the load required to open the inlet valve 32. In particular, if the area of the inlet port 34a is large, and the difference between the pressure upstream and downstream of the inlet valve 32 is large, the load required to open the valve becomes significantly large. In response to this, by pressurizing the inside of the lock hopper 34 before opening the inlet valve 32, the load required to open the valve can be reduced.
- the PU 202 pressurized the lock hopper 84 by increasing the methane concentration in the lock hopper 84 prior to opening the discharge valve 86. This reduces the load required to open the discharge valve 86. In particular, if the area of the discharge port 84a is large, and the difference between the pressure upstream and downstream of the discharge valve 86 is large, the load required to open the valve becomes significantly large. In response to this, by pressurizing the lock hopper 84 prior to opening the discharge valve 86, the load required to open the valve can be reduced.
- the lock hopper 84 is opened to the atmosphere by opening the non-combustible gas exhaust valve 110 according to the process shown in FIG. 18. This reduces the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the inlet valve 82 when the inlet valve 82 is subsequently opened.
- a combustion gas generation system is shown in Fig. 19.
- Fig. 19 members corresponding to those shown in Fig. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals for the sake of convenience.
- the hydrogen purification device 120 is a device equipped with a separation membrane and separates hydrogen from the mixture.
- the hydrogen separated by the hydrogen purification device 120 has a lower pressure than the hydrogen extracted by the hydrogen purification device 26. Therefore, in this embodiment, the hydrogen separated by the hydrogen purification device 120 is pressurized by a compressor 124.
- the methane separated by the hydrogen purification device 120 is under high pressure. Therefore, the methane separated by the hydrogen purification device 120 is returned to the raw gas path 12 without passing through the off-gas compressor 28.
- one step is added to each of the steps shown in FIGS. 2 to 9 and the steps shown in FIGS. Fig. 21 shows a part of the carbon discharge process.
- the process shown in the upper part of Fig. 21 is the process shown in Fig. 3.
- the process shown in the lower part of Fig. 21 is the process shown in Fig. 4.
- the process shown in the middle part of Fig. 21 is added between these processes.
- the process shown in the middle of Figure 21 is the process of expelling the product gas, which is a mixture of hydrogen and methane in the lock hopper 34.
- the PU 202 opens only two of the seven valves, the flammable gas supply valve 52 and the product gas valve 62. This causes methane to flow from the flammable gas supply path 50 into the lock hopper 34. As a result, the product gas in the lock hopper 34 is expelled into the product gas path 60. Therefore, in the process in the lower part of Figure 21, the gas flowing out into the mixed gas path 64 becomes a mixture of methane and nitrogen.
- FIG. 22 shows a part of the catalyst supply process.
- the process shown in the upper part of FIG. 22 is the process shown in FIG. 16.
- the process shown in the lower part of FIG. 22 is the process shown in FIG. 17.
- the process shown in the middle part of FIG. 22 is added between these processes.
- the process shown in the middle of Figure 22 is the process of expelling the product gas, which is a mixture of hydrogen and methane in the lock hopper 84.
- the PU 202 opens only two of the seven valves, the combustible gas supply valve 92 and the product gas valve 102. This causes methane to flow from the combustible gas supply path 90 into the lock hopper 84. As a result, the product gas in the lock hopper 84 is expelled into the product gas path 100. Therefore, in the process in the lower part of Figure 22, the gas flowing out into the mixed gas path 104 becomes a mixture of methane and nitrogen.
- the solid transfer process corresponds to the process shown in FIG. 5 and the process shown in FIG. 15.
- the non-flammable gas introduction process corresponds to the process shown in FIG. 6 and the process shown in FIG. 12.
- the discharge process corresponds to the process shown in FIG. 7 and the process shown in FIG. 13.
- the combustible gas exhaust passage corresponds to the generated gas path 60 and the mixed gas path 64 in Figs. 2 to 9 and the generated gas path 100 and the mixed gas path 104 in Figs. 10 to 18.
- the non-combustible gas exhaust path corresponds to the non-combustible gas exhaust path 68 in Figs. 2 to 9 and the non-combustible gas exhaust path 108 in Figs. 10 to 18.
- the non-combustible gas supply path corresponds to the non-combustible gas supply path 56 in Figs. 2 to 9 and the non-combustible gas supply path 94 in Figs. 10 to 18.
- the oxygen purging process corresponds to the process shown in Fig. 6 and the process shown in Fig. 12.
- the non-combustible gas purging process corresponds to the process shown in Fig. 7 and the process shown in Fig. 13.
- the flammable gas purging step corresponds to the step shown in FIG. 4 and the step shown in FIG. [4]
- the generated gas extraction step corresponds to the step shown in FIG. 3 and the step shown in FIG.
- the flammable gas supply path corresponds to the flammable gas supply path 50 in Figures 2 to 9 and the flammable gas supply path 90 in Figures 10 to 18.
- the pressing step corresponds to the steps shown in FIGS.
- the solid matter discharging step corresponds to the step shown in FIG. [8]
- the solids storage step corresponds to the step shown in Figure 9.
- the depressurization step corresponds to the step shown in Figure 3.
- the product gas removal step corresponds to the step shown in Figure 4.
- the product gas removal step corresponds to the step shown in FIG. [15]
- the generated gas recovery step corresponds to the step shown in the middle part of FIG. [16]
- the non-combustible gas discharging step corresponds to the step shown in FIG.
- the flammable gas exhaust passage corresponds to the generated gas path 60 and the mixed gas path 64 in Figures 2 to 9, and the generated gas path 100 and the mixed gas path 104 in Figures 10 to 18.
- the non-flammable gas supply path corresponds to the non-flammable gas supply path 56 in Figures 2 to 9, and the non-flammable gas supply path 94 in Figures 10 to 18.
- the non-combustible gas discharge path corresponds to the non-combustible gas discharge path 68 in Figures 2 to 9 and the non-combustible gas discharge path 108 in Figures 10 to 18. [20] Corresponding to product gas paths 60, 100 and mixed gas paths 64, 104.
- the flammable gas supply path corresponds to the flammable gas supply path 50 in Figures 2 to 9 and the flammable gas supply path 90 in Figures 10 to 18.
- This embodiment can be modified as follows: This embodiment and the following modifications can be combined with each other to the extent that no technical contradiction occurs.
- the product gas path 60 may be connected to the compressor 24 by providing a compressor that compresses the mixture of hydrogen and methane in the product gas path 60 and supplies it to the compressor 24 .
- the mixed gas path 64 may be connected to, for example, an inlet of a gas turbine.
- a compressor may be provided between the mixed gas path 64 and the gas turbine.
- the mixed gas path 104 may be connected to, for example, an inlet of a gas turbine, with a compressor provided between the mixed gas path 104 and the gas turbine.
- a gas turbine may be disposed in the position of the hydrogen purification device 26 and the hydrogen purification device 74. This makes it possible to configure a power generation system that uses hydrogen as part of the fuel.
- the hydrogen purification device 120 and the hydrogen purification device 74 may be omitted from the system illustrated in FIG. 19. In that case, a gas turbine may be placed in the position of the hydrogen purification device 120 and the hydrogen purification device 74. This makes it possible to configure a power generation system that uses hydrogen as part of the fuel.
- the flammable gas discharge path connected to the lock hopper 34 does not necessarily have to include the produced gas path 60 and the mixed gas path 64.
- they may be a common path.
- a hydrogen purification device may be provided to extract hydrogen from the mixed gas flowing out from the flammable gas discharge path.
- the flammable gas exhaust path connected to the lock hopper 84 include the generated gas path 100 and the mixed gas path 104.
- they may be a common path.
- a hydrogen purification device may be provided to extract hydrogen from the mixture flowing out from the flammable gas exhaust path.
- the generated gas path 100 and the mixed gas path 104 are a single common path, they may be replaced by a single valve instead of the generated gas valve 102 and the mixed gas valve 106.
- Hydrocarbons The hydrocarbons to be thermally cracked are not limited to methane.
- propane may be used.
- the non-combustible gas supplied to the lock hopper from the non-combustible gas supply path is not limited to nitrogen.
- it may be helium.
- ABS pressure It is not essential that either the inlet or the outlet of the lock hopper be open to the atmosphere and the other be at a pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure.
- one may be open to the atmosphere and the other may be at a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure.
- both may be higher than the atmospheric pressure, but there may be a large difference between the pressures.
- the control device is not limited to a device that executes software processing.
- it may be equipped with a dedicated hardware circuit such as an ASIC that executes at least a part of the processing executed in the above embodiment.
- the control device may include a processing circuit having any of the following configurations (a) to (c).
- a processing circuit that includes a dedicated hardware circuit that executes all of the above processing there may be a plurality of software execution devices that include a processing device and a program storage device. Also, there may be a plurality of dedicated hardware circuits.
- a method for operating a lock hopper having a solid moving step the solid moving step being a step of moving a solid from either inside or outside a flammable gas generation system to the other by introducing a solid into the lock hopper or discharging the solid from the lock hopper, the flammable gas generation system being a system for generating flammable gas, the method having a non-flammable gas introducing step and a discharging step, the non-flammable gas introducing step being a step of introducing a non-flammable gas into the lock hopper from a path other than the solid inlet and the solid discharge outlet, and the discharging step being a step of discharging gas in the lock hopper from the lock hopper using a path other than the solid inlet and the solid discharge outlet.
- the non-flammable gas introduced in the non-flammable gas introduction process is discharged in the discharge process, it is possible to prevent an increase in the concentration of non-flammable gas in paths on either the inlet or outlet side of the lock hopper where the non-flammable gas is not intended to be mixed.
- the non-flammable gas introduced in the non-flammable gas introduction process expels the flammable gas from the lock hopper in the discharge process, it is possible to prevent the flammable gas from leaking out of the system in the solid movement process.
- the non-combustible gas introduction process includes an oxygen purging process
- the discharge process includes a non-combustible gas purging process
- the lock hopper is connected to a flammable gas discharge path, a non-combustible gas discharge path, and a non-combustible gas supply path, separately from the solid inlet and the solid discharge port
- the flammable gas discharge path is a path through which gas containing flammable gas is discharged from the lock hopper
- the oxygen purging process is a process for purging oxygen by non-combustible gas when oxygen is present in the lock hopper.
- the lock hopper operation method described in Solution 1 above is a process of supplying the non-combustible gas from the non-combustible gas supply path to the lock hopper while keeping the lock hopper in communication with the non-combustible gas discharge path
- the non-combustible gas purging process is a process of discharging the non-combustible gas in the lock hopper from the lock hopper to the flammable gas discharge path by supplying flammable gas to the lock hopper while keeping the lock hopper in communication with the flammable gas discharge path, and is a process that is executed after the oxygen purging process.
- the oxygen in the lock hopper is expelled by the non-combustible gas, and then the combustible gas is supplied to the lock hopper. This allows the non-combustible gas used to expel the oxygen to be expelled from the lock hopper.
- the lock hopper is connected to a flammable gas discharge path and a non-flammable gas supply path separately from the solid inlet and the solid outlet, the flammable gas discharge path is a path through which gas containing flammable gas is discharged from the lock hopper, the non-flammable gas introduction process and the discharge process include a flammable gas expulsion process, the flammable gas expulsion process is a process of supplying non-flammable gas to the lock hopper from the non-flammable gas supply path while keeping the lock hopper and the flammable gas discharge path in communication when the flammable gas is contained in the lock hopper, and the solid moving process is performed after the flammable gas expulsion process.
- flammable gas can be expelled from the lock hopper by supplying non-flammable gas to the lock hopper prior to the solid transfer process. Therefore, it is possible to prevent flammable gas from leaking out of the flammable gas generation system during the solid transfer process.
- Solution 4 The method of operating a lock hopper according to Solution 2 above, in which the flammable gas exhaust path includes a produced gas path and a mixed gas path, the produced gas path is a path for removing the flammable gas from the lock hopper, the mixed gas path is a path for removing the flammable gas and the non-flammable gas from the lock hopper, the non-flammable gas expulsion process is a process for discharging the non-flammable gas in the lock hopper to the mixed gas path, and the method includes a produced gas removal process, in which the produced gas is present in the lock hopper and the produced gas path are brought into communication with each other, thereby causing the produced gas in the lock hopper to flow out to the produced gas path, and the produced gas is the flammable gas generated by the flammable gas generation system.
- the produced gas path is a path for removing the flammable gas from the lock hopper
- the mixed gas path is a path for removing the flammable gas and the non-flammable gas from the lock hopper
- the above-mentioned generated gas extraction process allows the generated gas in the lock hopper to flow into a generated gas path separate from the mixed gas path. This makes it possible to process the generated gas in the generated gas path separately from the gas in the mixed gas path.
- Solution 5 A method of operating a lock hopper as described in Solution 2 or 4 above, in which the flammable gas supplied to the lock hopper is a hydrocarbon, the raw material used by the flammable gas generation system is a hydrocarbon, the flammable gas to be generated by the flammable gas generation system is hydrogen, the lock hopper is connected to a flammable gas supply path, and the non-flammable gas expulsion process is a process of supplying the hydrocarbon to the lock hopper from the flammable gas supply path while keeping the lock hopper and the flammable gas discharge path in communication.
- the flammable gas supplied to the lock hopper is a hydrocarbon
- the raw material used by the flammable gas generation system is a hydrocarbon
- the flammable gas to be generated by the flammable gas generation system is hydrogen
- the lock hopper is connected to a flammable gas supply path
- the non-flammable gas expulsion process is a process of supplying the hydrocarbon to the lock hopper from the flammable gas supply path while keeping the lock
- Solution 6 A method for operating a lock hopper according to Solution 5 above, comprising a pressurizing step, the pressurizing step being a step of supplying the hydrocarbons to the lock hopper from the combustible gas supply path while isolating the inside of the lock hopper from the combustible gas discharge path, and being a step executed after the non-combustible gas purging step.
- the inside of the lock hopper can be pressurized, thereby reducing the pressure difference between the lock hopper and the pressurized space that can communicate with the lock hopper.
- Solution 7 A method of operating a lock hopper as described in any one of Solutions 2 and 4 to 6 above, wherein the solid moving step is a solid matter discharging step, the solid matter discharging step is a step of discharging carbon from the lock hopper to outside the combustible gas generation system by opening the discharge port in a state in which the lock hopper is filled with carbon of the carbon as a solid and a product gas that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and hydrogen produced by the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, and the oxygen purging step is a step of purging oxygen that has entered the lock hopper by the solid matter discharging step from the lock hopper.
- the solids discharge process causes oxygen to enter the lock hopper through the discharge port.
- the oxygen expulsion process expels the oxygen that has entered the lock hopper.
- Solution 8 A method for operating a lock hopper according to Solution 7 above, comprising a solids storage process, a depressurization process, and a generated gas expulsion process, the solids storage process being a process for receiving the carbon generated by the pyrolysis into the lock hopper from the inlet, the depressurization process being a process for discharging the generated gas from the lock hopper to the flammable gas exhaust path while the inlet is blocked, the generated gas expulsion process being a process for discharging the generated gas in the lock hopper to the flammable gas exhaust path by supplying the non-flammable gas to the lock hopper from the non-flammable gas supply path after the depressurization process, and the solids discharge process being performed after the generated gas expulsion process.
- the solids storage process being a process for receiving the carbon generated by the pyrolysis into the lock hopper from the inlet
- the depressurization process being a process for discharging the generated gas from the lock hopper to the flammable gas exhaust path while the inlet
- the above-mentioned generated gas expulsion process allows the generated gas in the lock hopper to be expelled from the lock hopper before the carbon in the lock hopper is discharged from the discharge port. This makes it possible to prevent the generated gas from leaking out of the discharge port.
- Solution 10 A method of operating a lock hopper according to Solution 8 or 9, wherein the thermal cracking of the hydrocarbons is performed in a state where the pressure of the hydrocarbons is higher than atmospheric pressure, the lock hopper is connected to a combustible gas supply path, and includes a pressurizing step, the pressurizing step being a step of pressurizing the inside of the lock hopper by supplying the hydrocarbons from the combustible gas supply path to the lock hopper, and the solids storage step being performed after the pressurizing step.
- Solution 11 A method for operating a lock hopper according to any one of Solutions 2 to 10 above, wherein the flammable gas supplied to the lock hopper is a hydrocarbon, a raw material used by the flammable gas generation system is a hydrocarbon, the flammable gas to be generated by the flammable gas generation system is hydrogen, the solid moving step includes a solid receiving step, the solid receiving step is a step of supplying a catalyst as a solid for thermally decomposing the hydrocarbon into hydrogen and carbon from outside the flammable gas generation system to the lock hopper via the inlet, and the oxygen purging step is a step of purging oxygen that has entered the lock hopper by the solid receiving step from the lock hopper.
- the solids receiving process causes oxygen to flow into the lock hopper. Therefore, in the above method, an oxygen expulsion process is provided, which allows the oxygen that has flowed into the lock hopper to be expelled from the lock hopper.
- the lock hopper is connected to a flammable gas supply path and has a pressurizing step and a solids discharge step
- the pressurizing step is a step of pressurizing the inside of the lock hopper by supplying the hydrocarbons from the flammable gas supply path to the lock hopper
- the solids discharge step is a step of discharging the catalyst from the outlet to supply the catalyst to the reactor side for pyrolysis, and is a step that is executed after the pressurizing step, and the pressure in the reactor is higher than atmospheric pressure.
- Solution 13 A method for operating a lock hopper according to Solution 12 above, comprising a depressurization process, which is a process for discharging the generated gas that has flowed into the lock hopper by the solid discharge process from the flammable gas discharge path, and the generated gas is a mixture of the hydrocarbons and hydrogen generated by thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbons.
- the depressurization step can reduce the concentration of the produced gas in the lock hopper.
- Solution 14 A method for operating a lock hopper as described in Solution 13 above, comprising a produced gas purging step, which, after the depressurization step, supplies non-combustible gas from the non-combustible gas supply path to the lock hopper while keeping the lock hopper and the flammable gas discharge path in communication, thereby discharging the produced gas from the lock hopper to the flammable gas discharge path.
- the produced gas in the lock hopper can be purged by the non-combustible gas.
- Solution 15 A method of operating a lock hopper according to Solution 14, wherein the flammable gas discharge path includes a produced gas path and a mixed gas path, the produced gas path is a path for removing the produced gas from the lock hopper, the mixed gas path is a path for removing the produced gas and the non-flammable gas from the lock hopper, the depressurization step is a step of discharging the produced gas to the produced gas path, the produced gas purge step is a step of discharging the produced gas from the lock hopper to the mixed gas path, the lock hopper is connected to a flammable gas supply path, and has a produced gas recovery step, the produced gas recovery step is a step of discharging the produced gas in the lock hopper to the produced gas path by supplying the hydrocarbons from the flammable gas supply path to the lock hopper, and the method is performed between
- Solution 16 A method for operating a lock hopper according to Solution 14 or 15 above, further comprising a non-combustible gas discharge step, which is a step of discharging the non-combustible gas from the lock hopper to the non-combustible gas discharge path after the produced gas purging step, and the solid receiving step is performed after the non-combustible gas purging step.
- Solution 17 The method of operating the lock hopper according to Solution 3, wherein the flammable gas discharged from the lock hopper to the flammable gas discharge path is returned to a path for generating a target gas in the flammable gas generation system.
- a solid moving device comprising a lock hopper used to move solids from either inside or outside a flammable gas generation system to the other, the flammable gas generation system being a system that generates flammable gas, the lock hopper being connected to a discharge path and a non-flammable gas supply path separately from an inlet for the solids and an outlet for the solids, the flammable gas discharge path being a path through which gas containing flammable gas is discharged from the lock hopper, and the non-flammable gas supply path being a path through which non-flammable gas is supplied to the lock hopper.
- the non-flammable gas introduced from the non-flammable gas supply path is discharged from the discharge path, it is possible to prevent the concentration of non-flammable gas from increasing in paths on either the inlet or outlet side of the lock hopper where the non-flammable gas is not intended to be mixed.
- the non-flammable gas introduced from the non-flammable gas supply path drives the flammable gas from the lock hopper to the discharge path, it is possible to prevent the flammable gas from leaking out of the system when moving solids from either inside or outside the system to the other.
- Solution 19 The solid transfer device according to Solution 18, wherein the exhaust path includes a flammable gas exhaust path and a non-flammable gas exhaust path, the flammable gas exhaust path is a path through which gas containing flammable gas in the lock hopper is exhausted, and the non-flammable gas exhaust path is a path through which the non-flammable gas in the lock hopper is released into the atmosphere.
- the exhaust path includes a path for discharging non-flammable gas into the atmosphere and a path for discharging flammable gas, it is possible to prevent the flammable gas from flowing into the atmosphere.
- Solution 20 The solid transfer apparatus according to Solution 19, wherein the flammable gas exhaust path includes a produced gas path and a mixed gas path, the produced gas path is a path for removing the flammable gas from the lock hopper, and the mixed gas path is a path for removing the flammable gas and the non-flammable gas from the lock hopper.
- the flammable gas exhaust path includes a generated gas path and a mixed gas path, so that different paths can be used when expelling flammable gas from the lock hopper depending on whether or not non-flammable gas is contained in the lock hopper.
- Solution 21 The lock hopper is connected to a flammable gas supply path, and the flammable gas supply path is a path for supplying flammable gas to the lock hopper.
- a solid transfer device according to any one of Solutions 18 to 20 above.
- the non-flammable gas in the lock hopper can be expelled from the lock hopper.
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Abstract
Description
以下、第1の実施形態について図面を参照しつつ説明する。
「システム構成」
図1に、本実施形態にかかる可燃性ガスの生成システムの構成を示す。図1に示すシステムは、メタンを原料として水素を生成するシステムである。水素は、一例として発電用のガスタービンの燃料であってもよい。
貯蔵庫38に排出される固体には、厳密には、炭素のみならず、触媒である鉄と炭素との化合物が含まれる。再生装置40は、この化合物から鉄を抽出する。再生装置40によって抽出された鉄は、システムに新たに供給される鉄と合流して供給ホッパ80に供給される。
ロックホッパ84には、可燃性ガス供給バルブ92を介して可燃性ガス供給経路90が接続されている。可燃性ガス供給経路90は可燃性ガス供給経路50に接続されている。ロックホッパ84は、不燃性ガス供給バルブ96を介して不燃性ガス供給経路94に接続されている。不燃性ガス供給経路94には、圧縮機54によって圧縮された窒素が供給される。
上述したように、反応器16内の圧力は、大気圧よりも高い。これにより、サイクロン20内の圧力およびフィルタ装置22内の圧力も大気圧よりも高い。一方、貯蔵庫38は、大気開放されている。そのため、反応器16を含む加圧系内の圧力を維持しつつ、炭素を加圧系から排出するために、上記ロックホッパ34が利用される。以下では、ロックホッパ34を用いた炭素の排出処理について図2~図9を用いて説明する。なお、図2~図9の図番は、工程の時系列に従っている。
上述した供給ホッパ80には、大気開放された状態で、鉄が供給される。大気圧下で供給される鉄を反応器16を備える加圧系に供給するために、ロックホッパ84が利用される。以下では、ロックホッパ84を用いた触媒の供給処理について図10~図18を用いて説明する。
(1-1)PU202は、図6に示す工程において窒素によってロックホッパ34の酸素を追い出した後、メタンをロックホッパ34に供給することによって、ロックホッパ34から窒素を追い出した。これにより、導入バルブ32の開弁に伴って反応器16側に窒素が流入することを抑制できる。
(1-3)PU202は、ロックホッパ34内に炭素112を貯留した後、図3に示す工程において、生成ガスバルブ62を開弁した。これにより、ロックホッパ34内のメタンおよび水素の混合気を生成ガス経路60へと流出させることができる。この混合気は、オフガス圧縮機28によって圧縮された後、反応器16に供給される。そのため、システムに供給されるメタンに対するシステムが生成する水素の比である水素の生成効率を高めることができる。
(1-8)PU202は、ロックホッパ84から反応器16へと鉄114を供給した後、生成ガスバルブ102を開弁させた。これにより、ロックホッパ84内のメタンおよび水素の混合気を生成ガス経路100へと流出させることができる。この混合気は、オフガス圧縮機28によって圧縮された後、反応器16に供給される。そのため、システムに供給されるメタンに対するシステムが生成する水素の比である水素の生成効率を高めることができる。
以下、第2の実施形態について、第1の実施形態との相違点を中心に図面を参照しつつ説明する。
本実施形態では、フィルタ装置22から流出した水素とメタンとの混合気は、水素精製装置120に供給される。水素精製装置120は、分離膜を備えて混合気から水素を分離する装置である。水素精製装置120によって分離された水素は、水素精製装置26によって抽出された水素と比較して圧力が低い。そこで、本実施形態では、水素精製装置120によって分離された水素を圧縮機124にて加圧する。
以下、第3の実施形態について、第2の実施形態との相違点を中心に図面を参照しつつ説明する。
本実施形態では、生成ガス経路60,100内の混合気を、圧縮機124に供給する。これにより、システムの最終生成ガス中に微量のメタンが混入する。本実施形態は、最終製品中に微量のメタンが混入することを許容するシステムである。
以下、第4の実施形態について、第1の実施形態との相違点を中心に図面を参照しつつ説明する。
図21に、炭素の排出処理の一部を示す。図21の上段に示す工程は、図3に示した工程である。また、図21の下段に示す工程は、図4に示した工程である。本実施形態では、それらの工程の間に、図21の中段に示す工程を追加する。
<対応関係>
上記実施形態における事項等と、下記「付記」の欄に記載した事項との対応関係は、次の通りである。以下では、「付記」の欄に記載した解決策の番号毎に、対応関係を示している。
[4]生成ガス取り出し工程は、図3に示す工程と、図16に示す工程と、に対応する。
[6]加圧工程は、図8および図14に示す工程に対応する。
[8]固形物貯留工程は、図9に示す工程に対応する。脱圧工程は、図3に示す工程に対応する。生成ガス追い出し工程は、図4に示す工程に対応する。
[10]加圧工程は、図8に示す工程に対応する。
[11]固形物受け入れ工程は、図11に示す工程に対応する。触媒は、鉄114に対応する。
[13]脱圧工程は、図16に示す工程に対応する。
[15]生成ガス回収工程は、図22の中段に示す工程に対応する。
[16]不燃性ガス排出工程は、図18に示す工程に対応する。
[20]生成ガス経路60,100および混在ガス経路64,104に対応する。
<その他の実施形態>
なお、本実施形態は、以下のように変更して実施することができる。本実施形態および以下の変更例は、技術的に矛盾しない範囲で互いに組み合わせて実施することができる。
・たとえば、生成ガス経路60内の水素およびメタンの混合気を加圧して圧縮機24に供給する圧縮機を設けることによって、生成ガス経路60を同圧縮機に接続してもよい。
・混在ガス経路64を、たとえば、ガスタービンの入り口に接続してもよい。その際、混在ガス経路64とガスタービンとの間に圧縮機を設けてもよい。
「可燃性ガス生成システムについて」
・図1、図20に例示したシステムから水素精製装置26および水素精製装置74を削除してもよい。その場合、たとえば、水素精製装置26および水素精製装置74の位置にガスタービンを配置してもよい。これにより、燃料の一部を水素とする発電システム等を構成できる。
・ロックホッパ34に接続される可燃性ガス排出経路が、生成ガス経路60および混在ガス経路64を備えることは必須ではない。たとえば、それらを共通の経路としてもよい。その場合、可燃性ガス排出経路から流出する混合気から水素を抽出する水素精製装置を設ければよい。
・可燃性ガス供給経路50を備えることは必須ではない。可燃性ガス供給経路50を備えない場合、図7および図8に示す工程に代えて、混在ガスバルブ66を開弁状態としつつ導入バルブ32を開弁させる工程を設けてもよい。これにより、供給ホッパ30側からの物質の侵入によって窒素を混在ガス経路64へと追い出すことができる。
・「可燃性ガス排出経路について」の欄に記載したように生成ガス経路60および混在ガス経路64を共通の1つの経路とする場合、生成ガスバルブ62および混在ガスバルブ66に代えて、それらを1つのバルブとしてもよい。
・熱分解の対象とされる炭化水素としては、メタンに限らない。たとえばプロパンであってもよい。
・不燃性ガス供給経路からロックホッパに供給される不燃性ガスとしては、窒素に限らない。たとえばヘリウムであってもよい。
・ロックホッパの導入口または排出口のいずれか一方が大気開放されて且つ、いずれか他方が大気圧よりも高いことは必須ではない。たとえば、一方が大気開放されて且つ、他方が大気圧よりも低くてもよい。またたとえば、双方とも大気圧よりも高いものの、それら圧力に大きな差があってもよい。
制御装置としては、ソフトウェア処理を実行するものに限らない。たとえば、上記実施形態において実行される処理の少なくとも一部を実行するたとえばASIC等の専用のハードウェア回路を備えてもよい。すなわち、制御装置は、以下の(a)~(c)のいずれかの構成を備える処理回路を含んでいればよい。(a)上記処理の全てを、プログラムに従って実行する処理装置と、プログラムを記憶する記憶装置等のプログラム格納装置とを備える処理回路。(b)上記処理の一部をプログラムに従って実行する処理装置およびプログラム格納装置と、残りの処理を実行する専用のハードウェア回路とを備える処理回路。(c)上記処理の全てを実行する専用のハードウェア回路を備える処理回路。ここで、処理装置およびプログラム格納装置を備えたソフトウェア実行装置は、複数であってもよい。また、専用のハードウェア回路は複数であってもよい。
解決策1.固体移動工程を有したロックホッパの運転方法であって、前記固体移動工程は、ロックホッパ内に固体を導入するまたは前記ロックホッパから前記固体を排出することによって、可燃性ガス生成システム内および前記可燃性ガス生成システム外のいずれか一方から他方に固体を移動させる工程であり、可燃性ガス生成システムは、可燃性ガスを生成するシステムであり、不燃性ガス導入工程と、排出工程と、を有し、前記不燃性ガス導入工程は、前記固体の導入口および前記固体の排出口とは別の経路からロックホッパ内に不燃性ガスを導入する工程であり、前記排出工程は、前記ロックホッパ内のガスを、前記固体の導入口および前記固体の排出口とは別の経路を用いて前記ロックホッパから排出する工程であるロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策6.加圧工程を有し、前記加圧工程は、前記ロックホッパ内を前記可燃性ガス排出経路から遮断しつつ前記可燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパに前記炭化水素を供給する工程であって且つ前記不燃性ガス追い出し工程の後に実行される工程である上記解決策5記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策7.前記固体移動工程は、固形物払出工程であり、前記固形物払出工程は、炭化水素の熱分解によって生成された前記炭化水素および水素の混合気である生成ガスと前記固体としての炭素とのうちの前記炭素が前記ロックホッパ内に充填されている状態で、前記排出口を開放することによって前記ロックホッパから炭素を前記可燃性ガス生成システム外に排出する工程であり、前記酸素追い出し工程は、前記固形物払出工程によって前記ロックホッパ内に侵入した酸素を前記ロックホッパから追い出す工程である上記解決策2,4~6のいずれか1つに記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策10.前記炭化水素の前記熱分解は、前記炭化水素の圧力が大気圧よりも高い状態においてなされるものであり、前記ロックホッパは、可燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、加圧工程を有し、前記加圧工程は、前記可燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパへと前記炭化水素を供給することによって前記ロックホッパ内を加圧する工程であり、前記固形物貯留工程は、前記加圧工程の後に実行される上記解決策8または9記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策11.前記ロックホッパに供給される前記可燃性ガスは、炭化水素であり、前記可燃性ガス生成システムが用いる原料は、炭化水素であり、前記可燃性ガス生成システムの生成対象となる前記可燃性ガスは、水素であり、前記固体移動工程は、固形物受入工程を含み、前記固形物受入工程は、前記炭化水素を水素と炭素とに熱分解するための前記固体としての触媒を前記可燃性ガス生成システム外から前記導入口を介して前記ロックホッパへと供給する工程であり、前記酸素追い出し工程は、前記固形物受入工程によって前記ロックホッパに侵入した酸素を前記ロックホッパから追い出す工程である上記解決策2~10のいずれか1つに記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策13.脱圧工程を有し、前記脱圧工程は、前記固形物払出工程によって前記ロックホッパ内に流入した生成ガスを前記可燃性ガス排出経路から排出する工程であり、前記生成ガスは、前記炭化水素の熱分解によって生成された前記炭化水素および水素の混合気である上記解決策12記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策14.生成ガス追い出し工程を有し、前記生成ガス追い出し工程は、前記脱圧工程の後に、前記ロックホッパと前記可燃性ガス排出経路とを連通状態としつつ前記不燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパに不燃性ガスを供給することによって前記ロックホッパから前記可燃性ガス排出経路へと前記生成ガスを排出する工程である上記解決策13記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策15.前記可燃性ガス排出経路は、生成ガス経路と、混在ガス経路とを含み、前記生成ガス経路は、前記生成ガスを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、前記混在ガス経路は、前記生成ガスと前記不燃性ガスとを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、前記脱圧工程は、前記生成ガスを前記生成ガス経路へと排出する工程であり、前記生成ガス追い出し工程は、前記ロックホッパから前記混在ガス経路へと前記生成ガスを排出する工程であり、前記ロックホッパは、可燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、生成ガス回収工程を有し、前記生成ガス回収工程は、前記可燃性ガス供給経路から前記炭化水素を前記ロックホッパに供給することによって、前記ロックホッパ内の前記生成ガスを前記生成ガス経路に排出する工程であって且つ前記脱圧工程と前記生成ガス追い出し工程との間に実行される解決策14記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策16.不燃性ガス排出工程を有し、前記不燃性ガス排出工程は、前記生成ガス追い出し工程の後に、前記ロックホッパから前記不燃性ガス排出経路に前記不燃性ガスを排出する工程であり、前記固形物受入工程は、前記不燃性ガス追い出し工程の後に実行される上記解決策14または15記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策17.前記ロックホッパから前記可燃性ガス排出経路へと排出された前記可燃性ガスを、前記可燃性ガス生成システムにおいて生成対象ガスを生成するための経路に戻すようにした上記解決策3記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
解決策18.可燃性ガス生成システム内および前記可燃性ガス生成システム外のいずれか一方から他方に固体を移動させるために利用されるロックホッパを備える固体移動装置であって、可燃性ガス生成システムは、可燃性ガスを生成するシステムであり、前記ロックホッパは、前記固体の導入口および前記固体の排出口とは別に、排出経路、および不燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、可燃性ガス排出経路は、可燃性ガスを含んだガスが前記ロックホッパから排出される経路であり、不燃性ガス供給経路は、前記ロックホッパに不燃性ガスを供給する経路である固体移動装置。
解決策20.前記可燃性ガス排出経路は、生成ガス経路と、混在ガス経路とを含み、前記生成ガス経路は、前記可燃性ガスを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、前記混在ガス経路は、前記可燃性ガスと前記不燃性ガスとを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路である上記解決策19記載の固体移動装置。
Claims (21)
- 固体移動工程を有したロックホッパの運転方法であって、
前記固体移動工程は、ロックホッパ内に固体を導入するまたは前記ロックホッパから前記固体を排出することによって、可燃性ガス生成システム内および前記可燃性ガス生成システム外のいずれか一方から他方に固体を移動させる工程であり、
可燃性ガス生成システムは、可燃性ガスを生成するシステムであり、
不燃性ガス導入工程と、排出工程と、を有し、
前記不燃性ガス導入工程は、前記固体の導入口および前記固体の排出口とは別の経路からロックホッパ内に不燃性ガスを導入する工程であり、
前記排出工程は、前記ロックホッパ内のガスを、前記固体の導入口および前記固体の排出口とは別の経路を用いて前記ロックホッパから排出する工程であるロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記不燃性ガス導入工程は、酸素追い出し工程を含み、
前記排出工程は、不燃性ガス追い出し工程を含み、
前記ロックホッパは、前記固体の導入口および前記固体の排出口とは別に、可燃性ガス排出経路、不燃性ガス排出経路、および不燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、
前記可燃性ガス排出経路は、可燃性ガスを含んだガスが前記ロックホッパから排出される経路であり、
前記酸素追い出し工程は、前記ロックホッパ内に酸素が存在する状態において、不燃性ガスによって酸素を追い出すべく、前記ロックホッパと前記不燃性ガス排出経路とを連通状態としつつ、前記不燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパに前記不燃性ガスを供給する工程であり、
前記不燃性ガス追い出し工程は、前記ロックホッパと前記可燃性ガス排出経路とを連通状態としつつ前記ロックホッパに可燃性ガスを供給することによって前記ロックホッパから前記可燃性ガス排出経路へと前記ロックホッパ内の前記不燃性ガスを排出する工程であって且つ前記酸素追い出し工程の後に実行される工程である請求項1記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記ロックホッパは、前記固体の導入口および前記固体の排出口とは別に、可燃性ガス排出経路、および不燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、
前記可燃性ガス排出経路は、可燃性ガスを含んだガスが前記ロックホッパから排出される経路であり、
前記不燃性ガス導入工程および前記排出工程は、可燃性ガス追い出し工程を含み、
前記可燃性ガス追い出し工程は、前記ロックホッパ内に前記可燃性ガスが含まれる状態において、前記ロックホッパと前記可燃性ガス排出経路とを連通状態としつつ、前記不燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパに不燃性ガスを供給する工程であり、
前記固体移動工程は、前記可燃性ガス追い出し工程の後に実行される請求項1記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記可燃性ガス排出経路は、生成ガス経路と、混在ガス経路とを含み、
前記生成ガス経路は、前記可燃性ガスを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、
前記混在ガス経路は、前記可燃性ガスと前記不燃性ガスとを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、
前記不燃性ガス追い出し工程は、前記ロックホッパ内の不燃性ガスを前記混在ガス経路に排出する工程であり、
生成ガス取り出し工程を有し、
前記生成ガス取り出し工程は、前記ロックホッパに生成ガスが存在する状態で、前記ロックホッパと前記生成ガス経路とを連通状態とすることによって、前記ロックホッパ内の前記生成ガスを前記生成ガス経路に流出させる工程であり、
前記生成ガスは、前記可燃性ガス生成システムによって生成される前記可燃性ガスである請求項2記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記ロックホッパに供給される前記可燃性ガスは、炭化水素であり、
前記可燃性ガス生成システムが用いる原料は、炭化水素であり、
前記可燃性ガス生成システムの生成対象となる前記可燃性ガスは、水素であり、
前記ロックホッパは、可燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、
前記不燃性ガス追い出し工程は、前記ロックホッパと前記可燃性ガス排出経路とを連通状態としつつ、前記可燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパに前記炭化水素を供給する工程である請求項2記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 加圧工程を有し、
前記加圧工程は、前記ロックホッパ内を前記可燃性ガス排出経路から遮断しつつ前記可燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパに前記炭化水素を供給する工程であって且つ前記不燃性ガス追い出し工程の後に実行される工程である請求項5記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記固体移動工程は、固形物払出工程であり、
前記固形物払出工程は、炭化水素の熱分解によって生成された前記炭化水素および水素の混合気である生成ガスと前記固体としての炭素とのうちの前記炭素が前記ロックホッパ内に充填されている状態で、前記排出口を開放することによって前記ロックホッパから炭素を前記可燃性ガス生成システム外に排出する工程であり、
前記酸素追い出し工程は、前記固形物払出工程によって前記ロックホッパ内に侵入した酸素を前記ロックホッパから追い出す工程である請求項2記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 固形物貯留工程と、脱圧工程と、生成ガス追い出し工程と、を有し、
前記固形物貯留工程は、前記熱分解によって生成された前記炭素を前記導入口から前記ロックホッパ内に受け入れる工程であり、
前記脱圧工程は、前記導入口を遮断した状態において前記ロックホッパから前記生成ガスを前記可燃性ガス排出経路に排出する工程であり、
前記生成ガス追い出し工程は、前記脱圧工程の後、前記不燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパに前記不燃性ガスを供給することによって、前記ロックホッパ内の前記生成ガスを前記可燃性ガス排出経路に排出する工程であり、
前記固形物払出工程は、前記生成ガス追い出し工程の後に実行される請求項7記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記可燃性ガス排出経路は、生成ガス経路と、混在ガス経路とを含み、
前記生成ガス経路は、前記生成ガスを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、
前記混在ガス経路は、前記可燃性ガスと前記不燃性ガスとを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、
前記ロックホッパは、可燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、
生成ガス回収工程を有し、
前記生成ガス回収工程は、前記可燃性ガス供給経路から前記炭化水素を前記ロックホッパに供給することによって、前記ロックホッパ内の前記生成ガスを前記生成ガス経路に排出する工程であって且つ、前記脱圧工程と前記生成ガス追い出し工程との間に実行される工程であり、
前記生成ガス追い出し工程は、前記ロックホッパ内の前記炭化水素を前記混在ガス経路に排出する工程である請求項8記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記炭化水素の前記熱分解は、前記炭化水素の圧力が大気圧よりも高い状態においてなされるものであり、
前記ロックホッパは、可燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、
加圧工程を有し、
前記加圧工程は、前記可燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパへと前記炭化水素を供給することによって前記ロックホッパ内を加圧する工程であり、
前記固形物貯留工程は、前記加圧工程の後に実行される請求項8記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記ロックホッパに供給される前記可燃性ガスは、炭化水素であり、
前記可燃性ガス生成システムが用いる原料は、炭化水素であり、
前記可燃性ガス生成システムの生成対象となる前記可燃性ガスは、水素であり、
前記固体移動工程は、固形物受入工程を含み、
前記固形物受入工程は、前記炭化水素を水素と炭素とに熱分解するための前記固体としての触媒を前記可燃性ガス生成システム外から前記導入口を介して前記ロックホッパへと供給する工程であり、
前記酸素追い出し工程は、前記固形物受入工程によって前記ロックホッパに侵入した酸素を前記ロックホッパから追い出す工程である請求項2記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記ロックホッパは、可燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、
加圧工程、および固形物払出工程を有し、
前記加圧工程は、前記可燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパへと前記炭化水素を供給することによって前記ロックホッパ内を加圧する工程であり、
前記固形物払出工程は、前記熱分解のための反応器側に前記触媒を供給すべく前記排出口から前記触媒を排出する工程であって且つ、前記加圧工程の後に実行される工程であり、
前記反応器内の圧力は大気圧よりも高い請求項11記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 脱圧工程を有し、
前記脱圧工程は、前記固形物払出工程によって前記ロックホッパ内に流入した生成ガスを前記可燃性ガス排出経路から排出する工程であり、
前記生成ガスは、前記炭化水素の熱分解によって生成された前記炭化水素および水素の混合気である請求項12記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 生成ガス追い出し工程を有し、
前記生成ガス追い出し工程は、前記脱圧工程の後に、前記ロックホッパと前記可燃性ガス排出経路とを連通状態としつつ前記不燃性ガス供給経路から前記ロックホッパに不燃性ガスを供給することによって前記ロックホッパから前記可燃性ガス排出経路へと前記生成ガスを排出する工程である請求項13記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記可燃性ガス排出経路は、生成ガス経路と、混在ガス経路とを含み、
前記生成ガス経路は、前記生成ガスを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、
前記混在ガス経路は、前記生成ガスと前記不燃性ガスとを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、
前記脱圧工程は、前記生成ガスを前記生成ガス経路へと排出する工程であり、
前記生成ガス追い出し工程は、前記ロックホッパから前記混在ガス経路へと前記生成ガスを排出する工程であり、
前記ロックホッパは、可燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、
生成ガス回収工程を有し、
前記生成ガス回収工程は、前記可燃性ガス供給経路から前記炭化水素を前記ロックホッパに供給することによって、前記ロックホッパ内の前記生成ガスを前記生成ガス経路に排出する工程であって且つ前記脱圧工程と前記生成ガス追い出し工程との間に実行される請求項14記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 不燃性ガス排出工程を有し、
前記不燃性ガス排出工程は、前記生成ガス追い出し工程の後に、前記ロックホッパから前記不燃性ガス排出経路に前記不燃性ガスを排出する工程であり、
前記固形物受入工程は、前記不燃性ガス追い出し工程の後に実行される請求項14記載のロックホッパの運転方法。 - 前記ロックホッパから前記可燃性ガス排出経路へと排出された前記可燃性ガスを、前記可燃性ガス生成システムにおいて生成対象ガスを生成するための経路に戻すようにした請求項3記載のロックホッパの運転方法。
- 可燃性ガス生成システム内および前記可燃性ガス生成システム外のいずれか一方から他方に固体を移動させるために利用されるロックホッパを備える固体移動装置であって、
可燃性ガス生成システムは、可燃性ガスを生成するシステムであり、
前記ロックホッパは、前記固体の導入口および前記固体の排出口とは別に、排出経路、および不燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、
可燃性ガス排出経路は、可燃性ガスを含んだガスが前記ロックホッパから排出される経路であり、
不燃性ガス供給経路は、前記ロックホッパに不燃性ガスを供給する経路である固体移動装置。 - 前記排出経路は、可燃性ガス排出経路および不燃性ガス排出経路を含み、
前記可燃性ガス排出経路は、前記ロックホッパ内の可燃性ガスを含んだガスが排出される経路であり、
前記不燃性ガス排出経路は、前記ロックホッパ内の不燃性ガスを大気に放出する経路である請求項18記載の固体移動装置。 - 前記可燃性ガス排出経路は、生成ガス経路と、混在ガス経路とを含み、
前記生成ガス経路は、前記可燃性ガスを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路であり、
前記混在ガス経路は、前記可燃性ガスと前記不燃性ガスとを前記ロックホッパから取り出す経路である請求項19記載の固体移動装置。 - 前記ロックホッパは、可燃性ガス供給経路に接続されており、
前記可燃性ガス供給経路は、前記ロックホッパに可燃性ガスを供給する経路である請求項18記載の固体移動装置。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1025483A (ja) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-27 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | ロックホッパ装置とその運転方法 |
| JP2000319671A (ja) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-11-21 | Ebara Corp | 廃棄物の二段ガス化システムの運転制御方法 |
| JP2010254382A (ja) * | 2009-04-21 | 2010-11-11 | Electric Power Dev Co Ltd | ロックホッパ装置及び石炭ガス化複合発電システム並びにそれらの運転方法 |
| WO2019177149A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 固体燃料のガス化システム |
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| JP6700773B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-18 | 2020-05-27 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | チャー排出装置、これを有するチャー回収装置及びチャー排出方法、ガス化複合発電設備 |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1025483A (ja) * | 1996-07-11 | 1998-01-27 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | ロックホッパ装置とその運転方法 |
| JP2000319671A (ja) * | 1999-03-11 | 2000-11-21 | Ebara Corp | 廃棄物の二段ガス化システムの運転制御方法 |
| JP2010254382A (ja) * | 2009-04-21 | 2010-11-11 | Electric Power Dev Co Ltd | ロックホッパ装置及び石炭ガス化複合発電システム並びにそれらの運転方法 |
| WO2019177149A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 固体燃料のガス化システム |
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| TW202505003A (zh) | 2025-02-01 |
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| TWI891396B (zh) | 2025-07-21 |
| JP2024178715A (ja) | 2024-12-25 |
| DE112024001683T5 (de) | 2026-01-22 |
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