WO2024258314A1 - Clips à indicateur thermique - Google Patents

Clips à indicateur thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024258314A1
WO2024258314A1 PCT/RU2024/050120 RU2024050120W WO2024258314A1 WO 2024258314 A1 WO2024258314 A1 WO 2024258314A1 RU 2024050120 W RU2024050120 W RU 2024050120W WO 2024258314 A1 WO2024258314 A1 WO 2024258314A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
sensitive material
temperature
base
transparency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/RU2024/050120
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Алексей Валерьевич ЛЕСИВ
Станислав Анатольевич АМЕЛИЧЕВ
Елизавета Алексеевна ГЕРАСИМЧУК
Екатерина Александровна КНЯЗЕВА
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Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiu "termoelektrika"
Original Assignee
Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiu "termoelektrika"
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Publication of WO2024258314A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024258314A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/06—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using melting, freezing, or softening
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/12—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
    • G01K11/16—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance of organic materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/12—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
    • G01K11/18—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance of materials which change translucency

Definitions

  • the technical solution relates to devices for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, namely to devices that are clips that allow irreversible recording of the fact that wires and other elements of electrical equipment have exceeded a specified temperature.
  • An increase in temperature is one of the first and most common signs of developing defects in various equipment, such as an increase in transient contact resistance in the electric power industry, malfunctions in bearings in mechanics, interturn short circuits in the winding of electric motors, failure of chargers or batteries in household appliances. Timely detection of such overheating allows for early elimination of the malfunction, preventing damage to equipment, emergency situations and related fires or shutdowns.
  • Continuous overheating monitoring means include chemical or mechanical temperature indicators, which can be of two types: reversible (changing appearance only when heated and returning it upon cooling) and irreversible (changing appearance after exceeding a specified temperature and maintaining it after cooling).
  • most temperature indicators are stickers with a heat-sensitive layer applied to the front surface.
  • An example of such devices for monitoring overheating is the invention described in document US7600912B2 (publication date 20.03.2007) and representing a single-layer or double-layer sticker, the heat-sensitive element of which contains leuco dyes and a developer in a binder.
  • a special feature of this kind of invention is that they allow information only on the current heating temperature, and not on the maximum temperature to which the controlled element of electrical equipment was heated at the moment of maximum load.
  • irreversible indicators allow not only to detect, but also to record the fact of exceeding the threshold temperature.
  • the use of irreversible thermal indicators allows to assess the condition without creating a maximum load mode, both on operating equipment and on equipment taken out for repair.
  • Irreversible heating indicators can be classified by their operating principle. There are indicators based on mechanical destruction of the heat-sensitive element, on the chemical reaction of the components of the thermal composition or on the phase transition of the heat-sensitive component.
  • thermo indicator based on mechanical destruction
  • the temperature indicator is a closed hollow transparent elongated tube with two compositions of different colors, isolated from each other by a polymer partition having a melting point close to the melting points of the compositions.
  • the partition is destroyed, the compositions melt and mix.
  • the color of the tube contents changes.
  • the features of the invention include the impossibility of monitoring overheating of the entire surface.
  • Such products are not suitable for detecting short-term overheating, since they are characterized by a long response time: to complete the color transition, it is necessary not only to completely melt the indicator compositions and the polymer membrane separating them, but also to spend time mixing the resulting liquid phases, which can be difficult due to slow diffusion processes near the melting point.
  • the design features of the invention described do not allow for the creation of a flexible device that fits tightly to the entire controlled surface, and do not imply any fastening elements that allow for the device to be securely fixed.
  • the chemical reaction of etching a metal substrate with an activator which begins when a certain temperature is reached, is described in the patent [EP2288879B1, date of publication 04.06.2008].
  • the indicator changes color from silvery white or mirror to colorless and can be used to control the temperature in food and medical products, as well as in electrical equipment.
  • the metal layer and the activator layer can be applied to a thin film made in the form of a sticker, which ensures the flexibility of the product and the ability to attach to various surfaces.
  • the principle of which is based on a chemical reaction one can highlight the Retomark indicator stickers, supplied by YALOS Innovation Company LLC.
  • the presented irreversible temperature indicators are characterized by low accuracy, since in accordance with the Arrhenius equation, the rate of a chemical reaction is determined not only by temperature, but also by time.
  • the above standards regulate specific threshold temperature values with an accuracy of at least 5 °C, regardless of the time of exposure to temperature, which makes the described inventions unsuitable for registering defects in electrical equipment.
  • Another feature of such devices is the presence of a pronounced dependence of the response time on temperature: with short-term heating to the threshold value, the chemical reaction may not be completed and the indicator color change will either not occur or will be insufficient for detection.
  • due to the reversibility of color transition reactions it is possible to return to the original color of the triggered indicator after a long exposure at a low temperature.
  • the most accurate temperature indicators are those based on phase transition, namely, on the melting of a heat-sensitive component. Since, unlike a chemical reaction, the phase transition temperature does not depend on the time of exposure, such indicators have the greatest accuracy and are capable of maintaining the initial state for a long time at a temperature slightly lower than the threshold.
  • Irreversible indicators based on the principle of phase transition of a temperature-sensitive component can be made in the form of a temperature-indicating paint.
  • a thermochromic indicator containing a substrate and a coating with particles of a solid crystalline material, air voids and a small amount, for example 5-40% of the coating weight, of a binder, is described in source US2010247900A1, publication date 30.09.2010.
  • the size of the material particles should be such that the coating has high opacity at a temperature below the melting onset temperature due to scattering of visible light, which decreases upon reaching the melting onset temperature with the formation of a transparent coating upon reaching the melting end temperature.
  • a special feature of this invention is a large temperature range at which the transparency changes, as well as a long response time of the device.
  • Temperature indicator paints or varnishes can be applied to a surface of any shape.
  • the use of temperature indicator paints and varnishes, the operating principle of which is based on the melting of the pigment, is described in a number of documents, including, for example, CN112322134A (date of publication 09/23/2020), CN111849346A (date of publication 07/11/2020), CN108610694A (date of publication 12/03/2016), SU1765145A1 (date of receipt 10/30/1989), SU576334A1 (date of publication 05/25/1976).
  • such paints consist of synthetic resins, fillers and heat-sensitive components dispersed in water or solvent.
  • Indicator paints have a number of features, which include: - it is impossible to indicate the temperature on the paint. During a visual inspection of the equipment, the operator can only see the fact that the temperature has been exceeded, but cannot determine the numerical value of the exceeded threshold. For this, special notes must be made.
  • the paint may flow from the surface and get onto open elements of the electrical installation or moving elements of the mechanisms, which may lead to a short circuit or the creation of an insulating environment between the contacts, a decrease in the electrical strength of the insulation, heating, jamming, failures, fires and other accidents.
  • Temperature indicator stickers are free from a number of disadvantages inherent in indicator paints. Thus, the response temperature can be indicated on the sticker.
  • the temperature-sensitive composition and the adhesive layer are applied in factory conditions in a uniform thin layer on a polymer base. This approach ensures the specified response and adhesion characteristics regardless of the conditions operation.
  • the polymer base prevents contact of the heat-sensitive composition with the surface of the controlled element.
  • most heat-indicating stickers are additionally covered with a polymer film, which protects the hot-melt composition from mechanical or chemical impact and does not allow it to flow down when melted after operation.
  • temperature indicators are used in a wide variety of areas. The highest technical requirements are imposed on temperature indicators used in the electric power industry.
  • the device must have a number of necessary characteristics: have low flammability and combustibility; have high electrical strength and dielectric properties; irreversibly register the excess of threshold temperatures; ensure the necessary response accuracy; be flexible and durable; have good fixation on the controlled element for tight adhesion to various surfaces.
  • a device with such characteristics can be used in any other field.
  • temperature indicators should be conveniently and securely attached to the controlled elements, without peeling off from them during operation.
  • the surface of such elements often has a complex geometry with a curvature radius of 2 mm (e.g.
  • small-section electric wire cores with or without insulation steel-aluminum wires of overhead power lines, hardware clamps, the surface of coils, blades of bolted contact connections, contact lamellas, jaws of fuse contact connections, etc.).
  • the surfaces of metal conductive elements can constantly expand/contract due to multiple heating/cooling cycles caused by changes in load current.
  • thermal indicator stickers on contact connections of wires and other elements of electrical equipment with a small radius of curvature leads to a large deformation of both the material of the sticker itself and its adhesive layer, as well as the heat-sensitive layer. This may lead to the fact that after the pressure with which this sticker was glued to the curved surface is removed, the elastic force will exceed the adhesion (the adhesive force of the sticker to the surface), as a result of which the sticker will tend to take its original shape and partially (completely) peel off from the surface. The same can happen when the linear dimensions of the controlled surface change, including due to the thermal expansion of the surface material when it is heated.
  • temperature indicator stickers often indicate in their documentation the need to mount their products on flat surfaces, which is associated not only with their insufficient flexibility and elasticity, but also with the fact that deformation may result in a loss of the functional properties of heat-sensitive materials.
  • Such stickers cannot be used for temperature control of surfaces with a small radius of curvature, surfaces of complex shape, as well as surfaces capable of changing their linear parameters, since the reliability of registering excess temperatures will be significantly reduced.
  • the base of the temperature indicator device and the temperature-sensitive layer itself must have a minimum thickness that ensures rapid heating of the indicator layer and a change in its appearance. This is necessary to register short-term emergency heating caused, for example, by starting currents or short-circuit currents, excessive starting load of engines, cold running, switching or other processes.
  • the minimum thickness of the temperature indicator sticker is necessary to ensure the necessary heat dissipation from the controlled surface. Otherwise, installing the temperature indicator will lead to an additional increase in the temperature of the controlled element and an increase in the rate of defect development.
  • thermochromic material that irreversibly changes its color when heated above the threshold temperature, which is easily installed, in particular, on electrical wires.
  • This device was selected as a prototype of the declared technical solution [https://iriss.com/safe-connect-thermochromic-solution/thermo-clip-series/].
  • the clip material contains 5-10% of a thermochromic composition that provides an irreversible color change, and 90-95% of non-halogenated polypropylene, which has self-extinguishing properties and high dielectric strength.
  • the clip is designed to be installed on the external insulation of an electrical cable by snapping into place with a slight force.
  • the described devices can be installed on wires with a diameter of 2.3 to 31 mm. Since the clip is secured by the elasticity of the material from which it is made, such an indicator can be reliably used on wires operating under variable load, that is, in a wide range of temperatures.
  • thermochromic composition of the product described above is apparently based on the melting of pigment crystals, followed by the dissolution of the liquid pigment melt in the matrix material when the threshold temperature is reached. After cooling, the pigment solution does not crystallize into its original state, which ensures that the appearance of the triggered product is preserved.
  • the initial color change temperature of the clip in question is 53 °C
  • the accuracy of the color change start declared by the manufacturer is +/- 1 °C
  • the clip response range is 18 °C, since, as indicated in the technical characteristics of the described device, a complete irreversible color change of the clip occurs at 71+/- 1 °C.
  • the narrow range of response temperatures of the clips given in the prototype does not allow them to be used to assess the condition of contacts and contact connections of electrical equipment.
  • the time during which the clip proposed in the prototype responds is up to 20 seconds, which does not allow recording short-term overheating of the controlled elements and can lead to false alarms or failure of the product.
  • the prototype device does not indicate the color transition temperature, which makes it impossible to determine the maximum temperature to which the controlled elements were heated at the time of inspection without using additional reference books or technical documentation.
  • the technical solution is aimed at creating a safe, convenient and easy to install and operate device for irreversible registration of the fact of exceeding the threshold temperature in electrical installations, made in the form of a clip.
  • a “clip” is understood to mean an element made in the form of a three-dimensional figure with a through internal cavity, preferably circular in cross-section, in which a cut is made that allows the clip to be installed on cylindrical or other objects with a circular cross-section, without the use of additional fasteners.
  • a clip is understood to mean a product with a slit, designed for placement on electrical wires, the fixation of which occurs due to elastic properties, and installation or removal from the wire can occur by snapping the clip onto the wire, without the stage of threading the wire through the clip.
  • Thermal indicator clip is a device made in the form of a clip and with the ability to register the excess of a specified threshold temperature by the element on which it is installed due to heat-sensitive elements located on the clip, built into it or included in the material from which it is made.
  • thermosensitive material is understood to mean a material that becomes more transparent to at least part of the visible light relative to the initial state when heated above a threshold temperature, and does not return to the initial state after subsequent cooling.
  • the thermosensitive material may consist, for example, of an individual organic compound or a salt of an organic acid that undergoes a phase transition upon reaching a threshold temperature, or of a mixture of substances.
  • the thermosensitive material may additionally include a binder, represented, for example, by organic resins, for better adhesion of the thermosensitive material to a flexible base, and other additives.
  • the term “glazing” is used to denote the process of forming a uniform layer of one thermodynamic phase around a particle of another thermodynamic phase.
  • threshold temperature or “threshold temperature value” denotes the numerical value of temperature at which an irreversible change in the properties of a heat-sensitive material occurs.
  • the accuracy of recording the excess of the threshold temperature is 5 °C.
  • the corresponding heat-sensitive material At a temperature equal to or greater than the threshold temperature of the corresponding heat-sensitive material plus the value of the declared precision, the corresponding heat-sensitive material is transparent, and the device takes on an appearance different from the original.
  • phase transition temperature of the temperature-sensitive component is within the declared range and is not additionally established.
  • accuracy of recording the excess of the threshold temperature determined by this technical solution is 5 °C.
  • Phase transition is the transition of a substance from one thermodynamic phase to another when external conditions change.
  • triggering is applied to a heat-sensitive material that has undergone a phase transition with an increase in transparency.
  • a device in which the heat-sensitive material has changed transparency is designated as “triggered”.
  • Defect is a non-compliance of an object with the requirements established by the documentation for at least one indicator.
  • Fire resistance refers to the ability of a material to resist combustion when exposed to an ignition source.
  • electric strength defines the property of a given device to withstand the electric voltage applied to it. In other words, electric strength is the minimum electric field strength at which the breakdown of the device occurs.
  • dielectric means the property of a given device to withstand an electrical voltage applied to it, while the minimum electric field strength at which the device breaks down exceeds the electrical strength of air.
  • elasticity describes the ability of a solid material to return to its original shape during elastic deformation, i.e. an elastic material is deformed after an external force is applied to it, but regains its original shape and size after the effect of this force ceases.
  • fast heating corresponds to heating the surface with the device installed on it at a rate of at least 1 °C/sec.
  • the absolute value is selected expertly based on the heating rate of electrical wires during emergency conditions, short-circuit currents or starting currents.
  • transparent refers to the property of a material to transmit more than 90% of the light falling on it.
  • oval characterizes a material that transmits no more than 50% of the light falling on it.
  • elasticity reveals the ability of a material to repeat its shape when bent around a cylindrical surface without losing its functional properties.
  • tensile/compressive elasticity refers to the preservation of the functional properties of a material when a force is applied in any direction in a plane parallel to the plane of the material, as well as after the force is removed.
  • flexible base refers to materials that have the ability to return to their original shape when bent.
  • elastic base and “elastic protective film” characterize the base material or protective film, which refers to materials that have the ability to change their shape without breaking under external influence.
  • complex geometry surface means any curved surface containing bends, kinks and other nonlinear elements with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm.
  • radius of curvature of curved and cylindrical surfaces is understood to mean the maximum radius of the circular arc that best fits these surfaces.
  • small radius of curvature means a radius of curvature of 2 mm.
  • cylindrical surface refers to a developable closed or open ruled surface formed by the parallel movement of a straight line along some curvilinear guide.
  • elongation before breaking is meant the numerical value of the elongation of a product or its parts when stretched, above which its physical integrity is violated and a break occurs. The value is expressed as a percentage, indicating how much the linear dimensions of the material increase when it is stretched relative to the corresponding original dimensions.
  • maximum temperature surface profile refers to an image that shows the distribution of maximum temperature field values on the monitored surface and allows one to determine the areas of the surface that have been heated above threshold temperatures for a given period of time.
  • solid phase describes a material structure containing solid particles of arbitrary shape, each of which has at least one point, face or edge in contact with an adjacent particle and connected to each other in such a way that each element of the solid phase can be connected to another element by a single broken line, each point of which is located within this phase.
  • the continuous solid phase can have a cellular, granular, fibrous, crystalline or flaky structure.
  • continuous gas phase characterizes the mutual arrangement of voids and means that the voids are predominantly "non-isolated" ("connected") and communicate with each other through openings, pores or channels.
  • a predominantly continuous gas phase is understood to mean such an arrangement of voids within a heat-sensitive material, in which the volume of voids connected to each other and forming a continuous gas phase exceeds the volume of isolated voids.
  • a substance that causes a change in the transparency of a heat-sensitive material when heated above a threshold temperature means an individual substance that is part of a heat-sensitive material and has a phase transition temperature near a threshold temperature, the presence of which causes a change in the appearance of a temperature indicator when heated above a threshold temperature. reaching the threshold temperature, and the removal of which from the heat-sensitive material leads to the loss of the properties of irreversible change in transparency when the threshold temperature is reached.
  • This technical solution is designed to improve the safety of electrical equipment operation, using a simple, safe and easy-to-install device made in the form of a clip, designed for fastening to wires or other elements of electrical equipment, allowing for the rapid, reliable and accurate detection of defects associated with excessive heating, by irreversibly recording the fact that the controlled element of electrical equipment has exceeded a specified threshold temperature.
  • the objective of this technical solution is to create such a device, made in the form of a clip.
  • the technical result of the declared technical solution consists in increasing the safety of operation of electrical equipment.
  • the specified technical result is achieved through fast, reliable and accurate visual detection of defects associated with excessive heating, by means of irreversible registration of the fact that an element of electrical equipment has exceeded a specified threshold temperature, a device that is convenient, reliable and safe to install on wires and other elements of electrical equipment.
  • a device for registering an excess of a threshold temperature including a base that is opaque at least to part of the visible light, made in the form of a clip, partially covered on the front side with a heat-sensitive material that irreversibly changes transparency relative to the initial state when heated above the threshold temperature.
  • the claimed device has the properties of irreversible heat-sensitive indicators, the principle of which is the melting of a heat-sensitive material, accompanied by a change in transparency relative to the initial state when heated above the threshold temperature.
  • the use of such a principle of overheating registration ensures fast, reliable and reliable detection of defects associated with excessive heating.
  • the proposed device is made in the form of a clip to ensure its convenient, reliable and safe installation, replacement or dismantling of wires and other elements of electrical equipment, as well as tight adherence of the heat-sensitive layer to the controlled elements for reliable registration of the fact of exceeding the threshold temperature throughout the entire service life.
  • the control object for this technical solution is electrical equipment elements, in particular, electrical wires with polymer insulation located inside electrical panels. This is due to several reasons. Firstly, the reliability and trouble-free operation of electrical installations is an important and integral factor in ensuring the safety and reliability of almost all types of production, social facilities, transport, urban infrastructure, etc. Secondly, electrical installations are a source of increased fire hazard. Fires due to violations of the rules for the operation of electrical equipment or poor installation rank first after careless handling of fire. Thirdly, in most cases, traditional methods of thermal control, such as thermal imaging inspection in electrical panels, are ineffective due to the complexity of creating a maximum load mode or measuring the load current in each individual wire.
  • the purpose of creating the claimed device was to ensure reliable and reliable registration of overheating of electrical equipment elements, including at facilities with a high fire load.
  • a heat-sensitive material based on the melting of a heat-sensitive material ensures: irreversibility of the visual effect of operation; high speed of operation of the device; preservation of the initial state at a temperature slightly lower than the threshold; the required accuracy of the response temperature, regardless of the time of exposure to temperature.
  • thermal indicator without the use of adhesives, as well as its replacement with electrical panel wires, including in hard-to-reach places of electrical installations, with close proximity of controlled elements of electrical equipment;
  • the thermal indicator layer adheres tightly and evenly to the controlled surface of the electrical equipment
  • An information element may be applied to the base, including information about the recorded temperature, for prompt determination during inspections of the numerical value of the threshold temperature recorded by the declared device.
  • the front surface of the device and the heat-sensitive material may be covered with an elastic protective film that is transparent to at least part of the visible light, which additionally protects the heat-sensitive material and the clip itself from external environmental influences, humidity, UV radiation and mechanical damage, increases the service life of the device and prevents the heat-sensitive material from flowing during the phase transition.
  • a recess may be made in the material from which the base of the device is made to fill it with heat-sensitive material.
  • the device has dielectric properties, preferably having an electrical strength of at least 5 kV/mm.
  • the material of the base and protective film is preferably selected in such a way as to ensure the simultaneous fulfillment of the following criteria:
  • the base and protective film materials should not melt to their current state when heated to high temperatures, in order to avoid separation of the clip from the wire, softened material flowing down and getting onto electrical equipment components.
  • halogen-containing polymers primarily polyvinyl chloride.
  • Polymeric materials that contain halogen atoms in their structure have some of the highest flexibility and elasticity among known polymers.
  • the introduction of halogen atoms into the monomers used as feedstock for polymerization disrupts their symmetry and creates many chiral centers in the polymer. Polymerization or polycondensation of such monomers with each other and with other halogen-containing or halogen-free monomers leads to the formation of polymer chains with a large number of stereocenters.
  • halogen-containing polymeric materials have high elasticity and flexibility due to the peculiarities of the chemical structure caused by the presence of halogen atoms in the polymer structure.
  • halogen-containing materials have good adhesion and low flammability, which serves as an additional guarantee of the safety of operation of the declared device and the electrical equipment on which it is located.
  • the base of the device is elastic and flexible and includes halogen-containing polymers, predominantly containing the structural unit - CH2CHCI-, predominantly polyvinyl chloride, predominantly cast polyvinyl chloride.
  • An elastic protective film transparent to at least part of the visible light, which can cover the front surface of the device, in particular the heat-sensitive material, is also preferably made of polyvinyl chloride, most preferably cast polyvinyl chloride.
  • the elastic protective film can be attached to the base by fusing (welding), glue or other methods.
  • the base or coating material of the clip may also include a plurality of hermetically sealed pores, filled with a fire extinguishing agent or fire retardant that is capable of being released from these pores during repeated fire-extinguishing cycles and suppressing the resulting fire.
  • the base of the device can be made in the form of a single structure with the possibility of fixing on electrical wires, preferably with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm, without additional elements, and special elements for snapping the device onto electrical wires, preferably with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm, can also be made on the base, which ensures ease of installation and additionally increases the reliability of fastening the device to elements of electrical equipment.
  • the heat-sensitive material irreversibly changes transparency when heated in a range not exceeding 5 °C, preferably not exceeding 2 °C, relative to the threshold temperature indicated on the device.
  • the base in the area of the heat-sensitive material is painted black, and when the threshold temperature is reached with the stated accuracy, a visual color transition of the corresponding part of the surface of the device from white to black occurs, that is, the heat-sensitive material in an opaque state is white.
  • the heat-sensitive material in its initial state has a microstructure that includes a solid phase and voids that form a continuous gas phase, the proportion of which is not less than 50 vol.%, and is designed with the ability to irreversibly change its appearance upon reaching the specified threshold temperature due to the destruction of the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material, accompanied by the fusion of particles of solid organic matter, a decrease in the proportion of voids and an increase in its transparency with the manifestation of the color of the base (see Fig. 4).
  • a heat-sensitive material with voids allows for an increase in service life, additionally increasing the reliability of overheating detection due to the impossibility of aggregation of solid particles through the gas phase, and eliminating the possibility of the material returning to its original state after operation due to irreversible changes in the microstructure, which also has a positive effect on the safety of both the clip and the equipment itself.
  • an irreversible change in the initial microstructure of the material occurs with a decrease in the proportion of voids in it, associated with the fusion of particles of solid organic matter and with a decrease in the area of the boundaries of the "solid-gas" phases due to the irreversible release of the gas contained in the voids to the surface and the stratification of the gas and non-gaseous media.
  • the solid organic matter crystallizes without voids, thereby irreversibly changing the transparency (increasing relative to the initial state) of the material for at least part of the visible light, creating a visual effect of changing the appearance of the device with high contrast, which ensures high reliability of recording the excess of temperature above the specified value.
  • the proportion of voids of the heat-sensitive material after heating above the corresponding threshold temperature value decreases by at least 2 times relative to the initial state, which additionally increases the contrast of the color transition of the device when the threshold temperature value is exceeded.
  • the organic substance of the solid phase of the heat-sensitive material can be selected from the group: fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n>12; salts of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n>5; alkanes containing at least 20 carbon atoms; dialkyl phosphinic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n>5; amides of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n>5; anhydrides of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n>10; fatty aliphatic alcohols containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n>14; fatty aliphatic amines containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n>17; nitriles of fatty
  • solid organic compounds which include non-polar aliphatic fragments, additionally contributes to an increase in the electrical strength values of the device as a whole, since such fatty aliphatic derivatives have good dielectric properties.
  • the organic substance of the solid phase of the heat-sensitive material is selected from the group: palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, salts of saturated fatty carboxylic acids of rare earth metals, in particular lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium.
  • the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material additionally contains a polymer binder that is transparent at least for part of the visible light, the phase transition temperature of which is higher than the phase transition temperature of the solid organic substance.
  • the heat-sensitive material contains "solid-transparent solid-gas" phase boundaries; during melting, an irreversible change in the microstructure of the material also occurs, as a result of which the number of voids decreases relative to the initial state due to the release of the gas contained in them onto the surface of the material and stratification of the gas and non-gaseous environments occurs, as a result of which a decrease in the contact area of the solid phase and voids is observed, i.e. a decrease in the area of the phase boundaries.
  • the polymer binder is present in the heat-sensitive material in an amount of 1-30 wt.%.
  • the polymer binder covers each individual structural particle of the solid organic substance, ensuring its “glazing”.
  • the binder is selected in such a way as to ensure wettability, but not dissolution, of the particles of the solid organic substance in the polymer binder. Due to this, when “glazing” grains, crystals, fibers, flakes or conglomerates of the said particles, additional gas capture occurs, in the medium of which the heat-sensitive material is formed, and its distribution between the particles of the solid organic substance “glazed” by the binder.
  • the heat-sensitive material is designed to change transparency when heated to a temperature exceeding the threshold for no more than 5 seconds, preferably no more than 2 seconds.
  • the thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer and its structure in combination with the thickness of the device base are selected in such a way as to allow heating the heat-sensitive material when short-term overheating occurs during the peak load period and completely converting it into a melt with an "opaque-transparent" color transition for no more than 5 seconds, preferably no more than 2 seconds, and also ensures the necessary heat transfer during air cooling of the operating devices.
  • the thickness of the base in the area of the heat-sensitive material is no more than 3 mm, preferably no more than 1 mm.
  • the threshold temperature can be selected from the range of 50-210 °C, preferably 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C, 100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, 130 °C, 140 °C, 150 °C. Based on the threshold temperature value selected for registration, the applied heat-sensitive material is selected in such a way that the solid organic substance included in its composition has a melting point that differs from the threshold temperature by no more than 5 °C.
  • the surface area of the base covered with the heat-sensitive material is preferably at least 3 mm2 , preferably at least 10 mm2 .
  • an information element may be applied to the base, which includes information for marking the elements of electrical equipment or color marking of the phases.
  • the information element applied to the front surface of its base may contain an inscription containing color, letter, digital or alphanumeric marking information.
  • the information element on the base contains information about the end date of the device's service life.
  • the base may also have a color that corresponds to the established rules for marking elements of electrical equipment.
  • the base may have reflective properties or may be painted using a substance with luminescent properties.
  • Ensuring visibility, as well as the reliability of detecting local heating of electrical equipment elements, is achieved using a version of the device with a surface area of the base covered with a heat-sensitive material, from 3 to 97% of the area of the front surface of the base, preferably not less than 30% of the area of the front surface of the base.
  • the base may be colored using a substance that is capable of irreversibly changing color when heated.
  • the presence of a substance made with the ability to irreversibly change color when heated to a temperature below the threshold temperature of the main heat-sensitive material, in particular, by 10-30 °C, additionally increases the safety of operation of both the declared device and the equipment as a whole.
  • the base or some part of it can be painted using a substance designed to reversibly change color when heated.
  • a layer of heat-sensitive paint with the above-mentioned properties can be applied to the front surface.
  • the presence of a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated allows informing personnel not only about exceeding the temperature threshold in the past, but also about overheating at the time of inspection.
  • the activation of such a substance at the time of inspection indicates that the equipment is in emergency mode at the current moment and may be a source of increased danger.
  • the presence of a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated additionally increases the safety of operation of both the declared device and the equipment as a whole.
  • Fig. 1 - Device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature made in the form of a clip with additional fastening elements, with a recess in the base material filled with a heat-sensitive material, and with additional coloring in the area of the heat-sensitive material (top view in section).
  • Fig. 3 Three-dimensional model of a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature, made in the form of a clip with additional fastening elements and an information element including a numerical value of the threshold temperature and a heat-sensitive material located nearby.
  • Fig. 4 - Device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature made in the form of a clip with additional fastening elements, additional coloring in the area of the heat-sensitive material and a protective film covering the heat-sensitive material (top view in section).
  • Fig. 5 Three-dimensional model of a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, made in the form of a clip with additional fastening elements, the base of which is painted in the colors of the phase markings.
  • Fig. 6 Microstructure of a heat-sensitive material with particles of organic matter in the form of scales and their conglomerates, a binder and voids before activation (a) and after activation (6).
  • Fig. 7 Front view of a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature, made in the form of a clip: (a) - initial view of the device, (6) - partially activated device after point heating of the controlled surface above the threshold temperature value with a change in the transparency of only that area of the heat-sensitive material that was subject to heating above the threshold temperature, while maintaining an opaque area of this material in its remaining zone that was not subject to heating.
  • Fig. 8 Layered structure of a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature, made in the form of a clip, in the area of a heat-sensitive material: (a) - with a sealed transparent protective layer, (6) - with a transparent protective layer in which a gap is made between the protective layer and the base, (b) - with a transparent protective layer in which micro-holes are made.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature, which is an opaque base 1, made in the form of a clip, containing additional fastening elements 6. On the front side of the base material there is a recess filled with a heat-sensitive material 2.
  • Fig. 1 shows a particular version of the device, in which the base 1 is yellow for marking the phases of electrical equipment and is painted black 3 in the area of the heat-sensitive material.
  • Fig. 2 shows the front side of the device for recording the excess of the threshold temperature, which is an opaque base 1, made in the form of a clip and possessing luminescent properties, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side: in the initial state before heating (a), after heating to the threshold temperature of the heat-sensitive material (b) and after further cooling to room temperature (c).
  • Fig. 2 shows a particular version of the device with an information element 4, including the numerical value of the threshold temperature and located under the heat-sensitive material, the base 1 is painted black in the zone of the heat-sensitive material.
  • Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional model of a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature, which is an opaque base 1, made in the form of a clip, containing additional fastening elements 6, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side.
  • Fig. 3 shows a particular version of the device with an inscription indicating the recorded threshold temperature 4, located on the base next to the heat-sensitive material, and the base 1 is yellow.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature, which is an opaque base 1, made in the form of a clip, containing additional fastening elements 6, on the front surface of which a heat-sensitive material 2 is applied, covered with a transparent elastic protective layer 5.
  • Fig. 4 shows a particular version of the device, in which the base 1 is yellow and painted black 3 in the area of the heat-sensitive material.
  • Fig. 5 shows a three-dimensional model of a device for recording an excess of a threshold temperature, which is an opaque base 1, made in the form of a clip, containing additional fastening elements 6, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side.
  • Fig. 5 shows a particular version of the device with a base 1, painted in red, corresponding to the phase marking.
  • Fig. 6 shows the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material 2 with particles of organic matter 7, made in the form of scales and their conglomerates, a binder 10 and voids 8 before heating (a) and the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material 2 with a reduced proportion of voids 8 and with an increased apparent density and with particles 7 that have undergone fusion and lost their original shape after heating above the threshold temperature value (b).
  • Fig. 7 shows the front side of the device for recording the excess of the threshold temperature, which is an opaque base 1, made in the form of a clip, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side: before heating (a) and after spot heating (b) of the controlled surface, as a result of which a change in transparency occurred only in that area 12 of the heat-sensitive material 2, which was subjected to heating above the threshold temperature, while maintaining the original appearance of the rest of the area of the heat-sensitive material 2.
  • Fig. 8 shows a layered structure of a device for registering an excess of a threshold temperature, the base 1 of which is made in the form of a clip, onto which a heat-sensitive material 2 is applied, covered with a transparent protective layer 4, which: (a) fits tightly to the base and the material and ensures the tightness of the device and the ability to maintain a pressure below atmospheric; (b) fits tightly to the base and the material and has a gap Ha between the protective layer and the base; (c) fits tightly to the base and the material and has micro-holes 116 on its front surface.
  • Halogen-containing polymeric materials containing, in particular, vinyl chloride copolymers namely: copolymer C-15 (copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate), copolymer VHVD-40 (copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast PVC, as well as polyvinylidene fluoride P VDF, fluoroplastic M-40, as well as polyesters with additives of 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane or polyesters modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, can be used as the base 1 of the claimed device.
  • vinyl chloride copolymers namely: copolymer C-15 (copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate), copolymer VHVD-40 (copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cast PVC, as well as polyvinylidene fluoride P VDF, flu
  • Base 1 is made in the form of a clip, providing simple, safe and convenient installation of the device on electrical wires, preferably with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm, or other elements of electrical equipment, made in the form of a single structure with the possibility fixation on controlled objects without additional elements or including elements 6 for snapping the device onto controlled objects. Further, we will consider options for manufacturing and using the claimed device using the example of a clip without additional elements, the base of which is made of PVC.
  • the thickness of the base may be uneven and depends on the design of the clip, however, in the area of the heat-sensitive material, the thickness of the base is preferably no more than 3 mm, most preferably no more than 1 mm, which provides the possibility of changing the transparency of the heat-sensitive material when heated to a temperature exceeding the threshold, for no more than 5 seconds, preferably no more than 2 seconds, which also increases the safety of the operation of the controlled equipment, since it allows heating the heat-sensitive material when short-term overheating occurs during the peak load period and completely converting it into a melt with an “opaque-transparent” color transition and the appearance of the color of the base under it for no more than 5 seconds, preferably no more than 2 seconds, and also provides the necessary heat transfer.
  • the base may have reflective properties or may be painted using a substance with luminescent properties to increase the visibility of both the device itself and the fact of its operation, which serves to further increase the safety of equipment operation. Also, in special cases, the base may be painted to enable the use of the declared clip for color marking of electrical equipment phases.
  • the base can be painted using a substance made with the ability to irreversibly change color when heated.
  • a substance made with the ability to irreversibly change color when heated to a temperature below the threshold temperature of the main heat-sensitive material, in particular, by 10-30°C, allows detecting overheating of equipment that has not reached the maximum permissible values, and, as a result, ensuring the prevention of an emergency defect.
  • the base can be painted using a substance designed to change color reversibly when heated.
  • a layer of heat-sensitive paint with the above-mentioned properties can be applied to the front surface. The presence of a substance designed to reversibly change color when heated, allowing you to inform staff not only about exceeding the temperature threshold in the past, but also about overheating at the time of inspection.
  • Halogen-containing polymers in particular PVC films or polyurethane films modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, can also be used as elastic protective films. However, it must be taken into account that if they are used for protective films, they must be transparent to at least part of the visible light.
  • the solid phase of the heat-sensitive material comprises an organic substance containing a structural fragment C n H(2n+i), where n > 5: fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n >12; salts of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n >5; alkanes containing at least 20 carbon atoms; dialkyl phosphinic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n>5; amides of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n >5; anhydrides of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n >10; fatty aliphatic alcohols containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i) with n >14; fatty aliphatic amines containing structural fragments C n H(2n+i
  • the content of the solid phase in the heat-sensitive material, including organic matter is at least 50 wt.%, most preferably at least 70 wt.%.
  • the organic substance is selected in such a way that when the threshold temperature is reached in the range of no more than 5 °C, preferably no more than 2 °C, it melts with a visual transition from opaque to transparent.
  • the substance that causes a change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material when heated above the threshold temperature and that is part of the heat-sensitive material is selected in such a way that the threshold temperature can be selected from the range from 50 °C to 210 °C, in particular cases, the temperature threshold is selected from the group: 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C, 100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, 130 °C, 140 °C, 150 °C.
  • the solid phase including a substance causing a change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material when heated above the threshold temperature, is ground in a ball mill to a size of 2-3 ⁇ m, a liquid phase is successively added, represented by water or an organic solvent with a boiling point of less than 180 °C, and the resulting suspension is stirred, while preferably, during this period, periodic dispersion of the mixture with air access is ensured until a constant density of the mixture is obtained.
  • the liquid phase is preferably water or an organic solvent, the solubility in which of the solid phase of the heat-sensitive material does not exceed 10 g/kg.
  • the liquid phase is added in an amount of from 50 vol.% to 90 vol.%.
  • the difference in density between the liquid phase and the solid phase is preferably less than 0.2 g/ cm3 .
  • the liquid phase can be selected from the group: isopropanol, water, methanol, 1-propanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1-butanol, acetonitrile, acetic acid, hexane, heptane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethanol, 1, 1,1, 3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol, dimethylformamide, ethanol, butyl acetate, water, acetone, toluene or mixtures thereof, but are not limited to them.
  • the resulting heat-sensitive material is preferably represented by two continuous phases: solid and gas.
  • the solid phase is represented by particles that are predominantly oriented parallel to the surface of the base.
  • the obtained heat-sensitive material in the initial state is opaque for at least part of the visible light and in the initial state includes a solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, the proportion of which in the initial state is at least 50 vol.%, and when heated above the corresponding threshold temperature value, an irreversible change in the microstructure of the corresponding heat-sensitive material occurs, accompanied by the fusion of particles of solid organic matter, a decrease in the proportion of voids, preferably by 2 or more times, and an increase in its transparency with the manifestation of the color of the base, and upon subsequent cooling to 20 °C and holding at this temperature for at least one month, preferably one year or more, the transparency of the heat-sensitive material does not return to its original values.
  • the type of solid phase particles obtained may be grains, crystals, fibers, flakes, or conglomerates of the said particles.
  • the heat-sensitive material additionally contains a polymer binder transparent at least for part of the visible light, the phase transition temperature of which is higher than the phase transition temperature of the organic substance of the solid phase.
  • the crushed solid phase is suspended in a solution of a binder transparent at least for part of the visible light in the liquid phase.
  • the binder is present in the resulting heat-sensitive material in an amount of 1-30 mass %, to ensure the effect of glazing the particles of the solid organic substance.
  • the transparent polymer binder is selected from phenol-formaldehyde resin, butyl methacrylic resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, polyvinyl butyral, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, phenoxy resin, polystyrene-acrylic emulsion, polyolefin, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulfone, polyisoprene, polypropylene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylate, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, polycaprolactone, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polybutylene terephthal
  • the front side of the device was marked with information about the threshold temperature.
  • information about the end of the service life was also marked.
  • a drawing intended for marking the phases or units of electrical equipment containing graphic, numerical or text information can be marked on the surface of the base.
  • the process of manufacturing the device includes the stages of applying one or more layers of a suspension of solid phase particles in a liquid phase to individual sections of an opaque base, removing the liquid phase from the applied layers of suspension, and covering the front surface of the workpiece with a transparent protective layer.
  • a microstructure of the applied heat-sensitive material including a solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, the proportion of which in the initial state is not less than 50 vol.%, and ensuring an irreversible change in appearance upon reaching the threshold temperature, which is accompanied by melting of the solid phase particles, a decrease in the proportion of voids and an increase in its transparency with the manifestation of the color of the base, it is possible to use, in particular, the following techniques at the previously disclosed stages of the method:
  • At least one of the above-mentioned stages of the method is carried out at a pressure below atmospheric.
  • Removal of the liquid phase from the applied layers of suspension of solid phase particles in the liquid phase or from each layer separately can be carried out either under pressure below atmospheric pressure, and at atmospheric pressure, depending on the chosen method of manufacturing the device.
  • Subatmospheric pressure in particular cases of obtaining the device, can be used both immediately after the application of each individual layer of the suspension of solid organic matter in the liquid phase, and at the stage of drying (i.e., removing the liquid phase) of the required number of applied layers of the suspension of solid organic matter in the liquid phase.
  • spontaneous release of the liquid phase from the volume of the material occurs with the formation of a larger number of unstructured voids.
  • Layer-by-layer application of a solid phase suspension in a liquid phase can also ensure the production of the claimed device.
  • the device is dried by selecting the mode of removing the liquid phase from the applied layers of the suspension, preferably at a temperature of (20 ⁇ 2) °C for 10 minutes in an air atmosphere, then the layer-by-layer application procedure is repeated until the required coating thickness is obtained.
  • the formation of a microstructure including solid phase particles and a large proportion of voids filled with a gas phase occurs layer by layer.
  • Layer-by-layer application with holding preferably at room temperature between approaches ensures the ordering of the solid phase particles when they are located on the device and the formation of a large proportion of voids, which predominantly form a continuous gas phase.
  • the solid phase particles are flakes
  • their longitudinal arrangement “overlapping” based on a temperature indicator is preferable.
  • the scales will be arranged like closed blinds and a thin layer of scales will be enough to cover the base color (“closed blinds principle”). Due to the spontaneous removal of the liquid phase from the applied layers of suspension at room temperature, a slow settling of the scales and their packing in a thermodynamically favorable state is ensured.
  • a continuous solid phase is predominantly formed, and the voids filled with gas form a continuous gas phase.
  • Such ordering can also be achieved by using a dilute suspension of solid phase particles in the liquid phase (dilution greater than 50%), since the flakes will be oriented in the desired manner and settle in an ordered form in a large volume, unlike the use of more concentrated suspensions.
  • high dilution guarantees a longer process of spontaneous evaporation of the liquid phase, during which the flakes will also be laid down according to the principle of closed blinds.
  • Another factor influencing the rate and nature of sedimentation of solid phase particles is the relative difference in the densities of the solvent and solid phase particles. If there is a large difference in densities (more than 0.2 g/cm 3 ), the solid phase particles will settle from the suspension too quickly according to the principle of open blinds. At comparable densities or at a density difference of less than 0.2 g/ cm3, a slow settling of solid phase particles will be observed with the formation of the necessary ordered microstructure of the material and observance of the principle of closed blinds.
  • the application of layers of a solid phase suspension in a liquid phase is preferably carried out by a method selected from screen printing, flexographic printing, pad printing, silk-screen printing.
  • the effects described above are applicable to device designs in which the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material is represented by an organic substance, the particles of which are predominantly in the form of scales, crystals or fibers, i.e. particles whose linear dimensions exceed their thickness.
  • the formation of intergrowths (conglomerates) of individual particles (scales, crystals or fibers) of solid organic matter can be observed.
  • a binder and voids for the preparation of a heat-sensitive material use a suspension of a finely dispersed solid phase in a solution of a binder in the liquid phase.
  • the binder settles on the particles of the solid phase, covering their surface with a thin, uniform layer. This results in “glazing” of both the individual particle of the solid phase and the resulting conglomerate of particles.
  • the area of the front surface of the device base, which should not be exposed to heat-sensitive material, is sealed with polyethylene film.
  • a layer of suspension of solid phase particles in a liquid phase is uniformly applied to the uncovered area of the base using one of the above-described techniques or other methods that ensure the formation of the described microstructure.
  • the thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer is no more than 800 ⁇ m, preferably no more than 450 ⁇ m, most preferably no more than 150 ⁇ m.
  • the use of the specified thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer ensures its response at a speed of less than 5 seconds, preferably less than 2 seconds, when heated above the threshold temperature. This is due to the fact that such a thickness of the material layer in combination with the thickness of the base of the temperature indicator allows heating the heat-sensitive material when short-term overheating occurs during the peak load period and completely converting it into a melt with an "opaque-transparent" color transition in less than 5 seconds, and also ensures the necessary heat transfer during air cooling of the operating devices.
  • the area of the front surface of the base is from 3 mm2 , preferably not less than 10 mm2 , and the area of the surface of the base covered with a heat-sensitive material is from 3 to 97% of the area of the front surface of the base, preferably not less than 30% of the area of the front surface of the base, which makes it possible to detect triggered devices from a long distance, and also makes it possible to detect point heating of a large surface of the installations.
  • black paint or an inscription including, in particular, a numerical value of the threshold temperature or other graphic, numerical or textual information, is first applied to the uncovered area of the base using solvent dyes, and then a layer of heat-sensitive material is applied.
  • a layer of heat-sensitive material is applied.
  • at least 70% of the area of the base is covered with black paint.
  • the heat-sensitive material in the initial state is white, and when heated above the threshold temperature, a visual color transition of at least part of the surface of the device “white-black” occurs.
  • the claimed technical solution is not limited to the use of only one heat-sensitive material, and if necessary, the temperature indicator can be supplemented with various heat-sensitive materials to determine the excess of several threshold temperatures.
  • the temperature indicator was covered with a transparent protective layer.
  • a gap can be made between the protective layer and the base, or micro-holes can be made in the transparent protective layer, allowing the gas phase to go beyond the device after exceeding the registered temperature.
  • the transparent protective layer is selected from transparent elastic polymers.
  • the device blank is maintained at a pressure below atmospheric pressure and then covered with a transparent protective layer, ensuring the tightness of the device and maintaining the pressure inside the voids with the gas phase below atmospheric pressure.
  • transparent elastic polymer films are also used as a protective layer.
  • a recess can be made in the base material of the clip, which is filled with a heat-sensitive material using the methods described above.
  • the heat-sensitive material is designed to register local overheating of the surface by changing the color of only that part of the heat-sensitive material that was heated above the threshold temperature and maintaining the original color of the heat-sensitive material that was not heated above the threshold temperature, during uneven heating.
  • the device After applying the heat-sensitive material, the device is covered with an elastic protective film that is transparent to at least part of the visible light, which protects the device from external environmental influences, humidity, UV radiation and mechanical damage, increases the service life of the device and prevents the heat-sensitive material from flowing during the phase transition. In this way, the device is designed with the ability to register the excess of the threshold temperature of conductive elements in the open air.
  • the elastic base 1 can be colored to perform additional marking of cable phases, installation wires, harnesses and other elements of electrical equipment, and the color of the base is selected in accordance with GOST 28763-90, which establishes, in particular, color marking in the field of electrical engineering.
  • the color of the elastic base 1 does not affect the visual registration of exceeding the threshold temperatures of the equipment surface, but provides for the marking of the device, which is necessary to improve the overall safety of equipment operation.
  • a dye including black
  • a dye can be applied to the flexible base, in the area of the heat-sensitive material, before applying the heat-sensitive material.
  • at least 70% of the base area covered with the heat-sensitive material is painted black.
  • a clip including a base 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to it and a transparent protective layer 5, is installed on the surface of an electric wire, behind which temperature control must be ensured, with a tight fit of the device, using fastening elements 6 provided by the design of the clip.
  • the clip is attached to the surface of the electric wire without additional fastening elements due to the elastic properties of the base material. Regardless of the fastening of the clip, the operating principle does not change.
  • the clip for recording the excess of the threshold temperature with the applied heat-sensitive material operates as follows.
  • the applied heat-sensitive material 2 in the initial state and before heating to the threshold temperature is opaque for at least part of the visible light and, in the preferred variants of the technical solution, is white.
  • the heat-sensitive material 2 remains opaque for at least part of the visible light, thereby preserving the original appearance of the clip.
  • the heat-sensitive material 2 with a modified microstructure is transparent and reveals the color of the base 1 under this material or the color of the paint 3 applied to the base in the area of the heat-sensitive material.
  • the heat-sensitive material 2 or its part 12 Upon subsequent cooling of the controlled surface, the heat-sensitive material 2 or its part 12 remains transparent and the appearance of the temperature indicator does not return to its original state. This ensures the possibility of visually recording the excess of temperature above the threshold temperature value, both at the moment of overheating and after a long period of time.
  • the transparent zone 12 is formed only in that area of the heat-sensitive material that was subjected to heating above the threshold temperature, while maintaining an opaque area of the given material in its remaining area that was not subjected to heating.
  • the numerical value of the threshold temperature 4 can be applied to the front side of the base 1, in particular cases the threshold temperature value can be applied in the zone free from the heat-sensitive material 2, but next to it, or to the base 1 under the heat-sensitive material 2, in the latter case, when the temperature exceeds the threshold value, after an irreversible change in the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material 2, the color of the base 1 and the numerical value of the threshold temperature 4 appear.
  • the base can be black, and the heat-sensitive material in the initial opaque state can be white. In this case, after the temperature exceeds the threshold value, a change in the appearance of the temperature indicator is observed with a maximum contrast of “white-black”, which additionally ensures the visibility of the triggered temperature indicator and facilitates its visual detection.
  • a similar purpose is served by the implementation of the temperature indicator, in which the base has a color other than black, and in the zone under the heat-sensitive material 2, which is white in the initial state, black paint is applied.
  • the thermal indicator when the thermal indicator is triggered, a “white-black” color transition is observed.
  • a gap 11a can be made between the transparent protective layer and the base, or micro-holes 116 can be made in the protective layer, providing the possibility of the release of the gas released during operation.
  • the clip design variants in which the heat-sensitive material 2 includes solid phase particles 7, voids 8 and a binder 10 have a similar operating principle.
  • the particles 7, “glazed” with a binder 10 fuse, releasing the gas phase and separating the gas and non-gaseous environments, which also results in irreversible destruction of the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material 2, accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of voids 8 and, as a consequence, an increase in the transparency of the material.
  • all versions of the temperature indicator have a principle of operation based on the irreversible destruction of the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material 2, accompanied by the fusion of particles of the solid phase 7, a decrease in the proportion of voids 8 and, as a consequence, an increase in the transparency of the material and an irreversible change in the appearance of the temperature indicator.
  • the appearance does not return to its original state, mainly a decrease in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material to the initial values do not occur when cooled to 20 °C and kept at this temperature for at least one month, preferably one year or more.
  • the fact that the temperature of the entire surface or its local area has exceeded the threshold value can be reliably and with high accuracy (in the range of +/- 5 °C, preferably +/- 2 °C, relative to the threshold temperature indicated on the temperature indicator) and speed (no more than 5 seconds, preferably no more than 2 seconds).
  • Preparation of the heat-sensitive material 100 g of an organic substance with a phase transition temperature corresponding to the threshold registration temperature in the range of 5 °C was ground to a size of 2-3 microns, 300 g of a 3-33% solution of a binder in water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetonitrile or their mixtures were successively added and stirred until a homogeneous mass. The suspension was immediately used for applying the composition.
  • halogen-containing polymer bases of various colors were chosen, which are resistant to combustion and have an electrical strength of at least 5 kV/mm, as well as elasticity, allowing them to be placed on electrical wires, preferably with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm without additional fastening elements.
  • An information element containing the threshold response temperature in degrees Celsius was applied to the base made in the form of a clip using solvent dyes.
  • the heat-sensitive material was applied using silk-screen printing in 5-7 layers. Between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 °C for at least one hour, or in a thermostat at a temperature no higher than the response temperature of the composition for at least three hours, or for 24 hours at room temperature. In its initial state, the heat-sensitive material is white.
  • the device was covered with a transparent elastic protective film.
  • Tetracosane with a phase transition temperature of 50 °C was used as the organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polycaprolactone was used as a binder, and methanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black PVC Oramask 831, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.5 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, wherein the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in the zone free of the heat-sensitive material.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 7, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 °C for one hour.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.6 mm, and its area was 30% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 50 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Ytterbium caprylate with a phase transition temperature of 60 °C was used as the organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polyvinyl butyral was used as the binder, and a mixture of methanol with ethylene glycol methyl ether (50/50 vol.%) was used as the solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip with additional fastening elements made of red M-40 fluoroplastic, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.7 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, wherein the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area of the heat-sensitive material before its application, and in the area free from The heat-sensitive material has information about the service life.
  • the number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 7, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 40 °C for three hours.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.8 mm, and its area was 97% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 5 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 60 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Eicosanoic acid with a phase transition temperature of 70 °C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, melamine-formaldehyde resin was used as a binder, and a mixture of methanol and isobutanol (90/10 vol.%) was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of a red vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate copolymer, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.2 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, wherein a numerical value of the threshold temperature, as well as black paint, were applied in the area of the heat-sensitive material before its application.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature.
  • the thickness of the layer of the heat-sensitive material was 0.2 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of polyurethane modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, 0.15 mm thick.
  • the device was glued at room temperature to a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 10 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 70 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Dioctylphosphinic acid with a phase transition temperature of 80 °C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polyvinyl butyral was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, green in color with light-reflecting properties, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.35 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, wherein a numerical value of the threshold temperature, as well as black paint, were applied in the area of the heat-sensitive material before its application.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 °C for one hour.
  • the thickness of the layer of the heat-sensitive material was 0.4 mm, and its area was 3% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 12 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 80 °C with a given accuracy and the fact of the device’s operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material occurred was 2 seconds. After the device cooled to room temperature, the preservation of transparency was visually recorded. heat-sensitive material. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device remained tightly fixed to the surface of the heating element.
  • Yttrium behenate with a phase transition temperature of 90 °C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polybutyl methacrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of polyvinylidene fluoride, painted with orange paint with luminescent properties, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, wherein a numerical value of the threshold temperature, as well as black paint, were applied in the area of the heat-sensitive material before its application.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 70 °C for three hours.
  • the thickness of the layer of the heat-sensitive material was 0.2 mm, and its area was 30% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 90 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Lanthanum palmitate with a phase transition temperature of 100 °C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to example 1, gelatin was used as a binder, and isopropanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied to the base using silk-screen printing, made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of polyester modified with 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane, yellow in color, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.3 mm, according to the method described in example 1, wherein in the area of the heat-sensitive material before its application, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied, as well as black paint.
  • the number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.5 mm, and its area was 30% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 100 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Lanthanum nonadecynate with a phase transition temperature of 110 °C was used as the organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, phenoxy resin was used as the binder, and ethylene glycol was used as the solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black Oramask 831 PVC, with a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.5 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, and in the zone free of the heat-sensitive material, the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 °C for one hour.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.5 mm, and its The area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.1 mm thick.
  • the device was glued at room temperature to a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 110 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Lanthanum capronate with a phase transition temperature of 120 °C was used as the organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polyethylene was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black PVC Oramask 831, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.5 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, and in the zone free of the heat-sensitive material, the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 60 °C for three hours.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.35 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 7 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 120 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device’s operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material occurred was 3 seconds.
  • the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Zinc nonadecanoate with a phase transition temperature of 130 °C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polycarbonate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black Oramask 831 PVC, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.45 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, and in the zone free of the heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.4 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.02 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 130 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Zinc palmitate with a phase transition temperature of 140 °C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, nitrocellulose was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied to the base using silk-screen printing, made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements from black PVC Oramask 831, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.4 mm, according to the method described in example 1, wherein in the area free from the heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied.
  • the number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 °C for one hour.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.45 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.03 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 140 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Zinc capronate with a phase transition temperature of 150°C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black Oramask 831 PVC, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.2 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, and in the zone free of the heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 60 °C for three hours.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.3 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 150 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 210 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device’s operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 1 second. After the device cooled to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, there was It was revealed that the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was maintained.
  • Yttrium caproate with a phase transition temperature of 55 °C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polyethersulfone was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black Oramask 831 PVC, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.25 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, with the numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the area free of the heat-sensitive material.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 °C for one hour.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.25 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of 0.15 mm thick PVC.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 55 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 3 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • the number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 ° C for one hour.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.3 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 40 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was less than 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Palmitic acid anhydride with a phase transition temperature of 60 °C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polymethacrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black Oramask 831 PVC, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.35 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, and in the zone free of the heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 40 °C for three hours.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.55 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.02 mm thick.
  • the clip was mounted at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 60 °C with a given accuracy and recorded the fact of the device's operation by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 80 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • Example 17 Example 17
  • the organic substance used to prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1 was 1-tetradecanol with a phase transition temperature of 40 °C, the binder was polybutyl acrylate, and the solvent was ethanol.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of chloroprene rubber on a siliconized base of black color, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.1 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, wherein in the zone free of the heat-sensitive material, the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 °C for one hour.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.15 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.
  • Docosanitrile with a phase transition temperature of 55 °C was used as the organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, polybutyl methacrylate was used as the binder, and ethanol was used as the solvent.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black Oramask 831 PVC, with a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, and in the zone free of temperature-sensitive material, the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied.
  • the number of layers of temperature-sensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature.
  • the thickness of the layer of temperature-sensitive material was 0.25 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.
  • the clip was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 55 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device's operation was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color.
  • the time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • the organic substance used to prepare the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1 was n-docosylamine with a phase transition temperature of 65 °C, the binder was polyvinyl butyral, and the solvent was ethanol.
  • the suspension was applied by silk-screen printing to a base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black OraJet 3106SG PVC with a recess in the area of the heat-sensitive material, having a thickness in the area of the heat-sensitive material of 0.55 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, wherein the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in the area free of the heat-sensitive material.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 7, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 °C for one hour.
  • the thickness of the layer of the heat-sensitive material was 0.75 mm.
  • the size of the front surface of the device is 12*12 mm (area - 144 mm2 )
  • the size of the layer of heat-sensitive material is 10*10 mm (area - 100 mm2 ).
  • the device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick. The device was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 15 mm.
  • Part of the heating element was heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 65 °C with a specified accuracy, while the remaining part of the heating element was not heated.
  • the fact of actuation of the part of the device that was heated was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the corresponding section of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color. After cooling the device to room temperature, maintaining the transparency of the corresponding section of the heat-sensitive material was visually recorded. Then the heating element was completely heated at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 65 °C with a specified accuracy.
  • the fact of complete actuation of the device was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the entire layer of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the base color. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material was 2 seconds. During the heating and cooling cycles, maintaining a tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.
  • the area of the base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of black PVC OraJet 3951, onto which the heat-sensitive material will be applied, was sealed with a protective polyethylene film, the free area was covered with pigmented yellow Tempilaq heat-sensitive paint with a reversible color change temperature of 113 °C.
  • the protective polyethylene film was removed and a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied to the surface of the base containing the heat-sensitive paint using solvent dyes.
  • the thickness of the base containing the heat-sensitive paint was 0.45 mm.
  • the protective polyethylene film was glued to the area onto which the heat-sensitive material should not get, the heat-sensitive compound was applied using the silk-screen method in 7 layers.
  • the protective film was removed.
  • Lanthanum nonadecinate with a phase transition temperature of 110 °C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, butyl methacrylic resin was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 6, and between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 60 °C for three hours.
  • Layer thickness The thickness of the heat-sensitive material was 0.6 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent elastic protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.
  • the device was installed at room temperature on a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 115 °C with a given accuracy and the fact of the device's heat-sensitive material zone triggering with the base color manifestation, as well as the fact of the heat-sensitive paint triggering with a color change, were recorded.
  • the time during which the phase transition and the change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material occurred was 1 second.
  • the preservation of the heat-sensitive material zone transparency and the return of the heat-sensitive paint color to its original color were visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed to be preserved.
  • the area of the base made in the form of a clip without additional fastening elements made of red PVC Oramask 831, onto which the heat-sensitive material will be applied, was sealed with a protective polyethylene film, the free area was covered with pigmented yellow Hallcrest SC thermal paint with an irreversible color change temperature of 80 °C.
  • the protective polyethylene film was removed and a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied to the surface of the base containing the thermal paint using solvent dyes.
  • the thickness of the base containing the thermal paint was 0.55 mm.
  • the protective polyethylene film was glued to the area that should not be exposed to the heat-sensitive material, this area was covered with solvent black dye and the thermal composition was applied using silk-screen printing in 6 layers.
  • Zinc capronate with a phase transition temperature of 150 °C was used as an organic substance for preparing the heat-sensitive material according to Example 1, phenol-formaldehyde resin was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent.
  • the number of layers of the heat-sensitive material was 6, and between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20 °C for one hour.
  • the thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.45 mm, and its area was 30% area of the front surface of the device.
  • the device was covered with a transparent elastic protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.
  • the device was glued at room temperature to a cylindrical heating element with a diameter of 1 mm, which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 5 °C/min to a temperature of 80 °C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the thermal paint triggering with a color change was recorded. Then heating was continued to a temperature of 150 °C, and the fact of the device's thermally sensitive material zone triggering with the base color manifestation was recorded. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermally sensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the thermally sensitive material zone, as well as the preservation of the changed color of the thermal paint, were visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, the tight fixation of the device on the surface of the heating element was revealed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des dispositifs pour enregistrer un dépassement de température seuil, et notamment des dispositifs consistant en un clips permettant d'enregistrer le dépassement, par des conducteurs ou autres éléments d'un équipement électrique, d'une température donnée. Le dispositif d'enregistrement de dépassement de température seuil consiste en une base non transparente pour une partie au moins de la lumière visible se présentant sous forme d'un clips qui est partiellement recouvert sur le côté avant par un matériau thermosensible dont la transparence change de manière irréversible par rapport à l'état initial lors du chauffage jusqu'à une température seuil. Le résultat technique assure une augmentation de la sécurité d'utilisation de l'équipement électrique grâce à la détection rapide, fiable et sûre de défauts liés à un chauffage excédentaire, ceci par l'enregistrement irréversible du dépassement, par un élément de l'équipement électrique, d'une température seuil donnée à l'aide d'un dispositif qui est simple et fiable à contrôler sur des conducteurs et autres éléments de l'équipement électrique.
PCT/RU2024/050120 2023-06-14 2024-06-05 Clips à indicateur thermique Ceased WO2024258314A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2023115598 2023-06-14
RU2023115598 2023-06-14

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WO2024258314A1 true WO2024258314A1 (fr) 2024-12-19

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PCT/RU2024/050120 Ceased WO2024258314A1 (fr) 2023-06-14 2024-06-05 Clips à indicateur thermique

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0044750A2 (fr) * 1980-07-23 1982-01-27 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) Méthode pour marquer un article qui peut récouvrer ses dimensions voulues par l'application de chaleur
US20010027741A1 (en) * 1998-04-29 2001-10-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Time-temperature integrating indicator device with barrier material
JP2009198201A (ja) * 2008-02-19 2009-09-03 Systec:Kk 感温変色体付設具
US20100247900A1 (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-09-30 Robert Parker Thermochromic indicator
US20130014690A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2013-01-17 Nichiyu Giken Kogyo Co., Ltd. Temperature management indicator and structure having the same attached
US20190333419A1 (en) * 2017-01-19 2019-10-31 Grant J. Eliuk Thermal-sensitive appearance-changing label
US20200284665A1 (en) * 2017-10-10 2020-09-10 GH Innovation Limited Electrical component

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0044750A2 (fr) * 1980-07-23 1982-01-27 RAYCHEM CORPORATION (a California corporation) Méthode pour marquer un article qui peut récouvrer ses dimensions voulues par l'application de chaleur
US20010027741A1 (en) * 1998-04-29 2001-10-11 3M Innovative Properties Company Time-temperature integrating indicator device with barrier material
JP2009198201A (ja) * 2008-02-19 2009-09-03 Systec:Kk 感温変色体付設具
US20100247900A1 (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-09-30 Robert Parker Thermochromic indicator
US20130014690A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2013-01-17 Nichiyu Giken Kogyo Co., Ltd. Temperature management indicator and structure having the same attached
US20190333419A1 (en) * 2017-01-19 2019-10-31 Grant J. Eliuk Thermal-sensitive appearance-changing label
US20200284665A1 (en) * 2017-10-10 2020-09-10 GH Innovation Limited Electrical component

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