WO2024259969A9 - 天线组件、通信设备及车辆 - Google Patents

天线组件、通信设备及车辆 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024259969A9
WO2024259969A9 PCT/CN2024/072624 CN2024072624W WO2024259969A9 WO 2024259969 A9 WO2024259969 A9 WO 2024259969A9 CN 2024072624 W CN2024072624 W CN 2024072624W WO 2024259969 A9 WO2024259969 A9 WO 2024259969A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
branch
branches
antenna assembly
antenna array
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/072624
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2024259969A1 (zh
Inventor
李睿洋
柳青
郭群
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP24824873.4A priority Critical patent/EP4716012A1/en
Publication of WO2024259969A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024259969A1/zh
Publication of WO2024259969A9 publication Critical patent/WO2024259969A9/zh
Priority to US19/426,275 priority patent/US20260112808A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
    • H01Q9/0435—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave using two feed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/328—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors between a radiating element and ground
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication technology, and specifically to an antenna assembly, communication equipment and a vehicle.
  • the antenna assembly includes a floor and an antenna branch arranged on one side of the floor.
  • the antenna branch is provided with a feeding point and a grounding point.
  • the grounding point is electrically connected to the metal floor for grounding, and the antenna branch is fed through the feeding point.
  • the gain of the antenna assembly is low and the communication performance is poor.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna assembly, a communication device, and a vehicle, which can increase the gain of the antenna assembly.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna assembly comprising: a substrate, a first antenna array and a first capacitor, wherein a conductive grounding layer is disposed on the substrate; the first antenna array is disposed on the conductive grounding layer, the first antenna array comprises a plurality of first antenna branches, and a plane where each first antenna branch is located has a first preset angle with the substrate; there are a plurality of first capacitors, each of the plurality of first antenna branches comprises a first feeding end and a first open end, and each first capacitor is coupled to the first feeding end of a first antenna branch.
  • the first capacitor can adjust the current distribution on the first antenna branch so that the current on the first antenna branch is a unidirectional current, and the current on the first antenna branch gradually increases from the first feeding end to the middle of its extension direction.
  • the current on the first antenna branch can also gradually increase from the first open end to the middle of its extension direction, that is, the current is larger in the middle of the first antenna branch, so that the first antenna branch operates in a differential mode.
  • the middle of the first antenna branch is mainly used for signal transmission and reception.
  • the current in the middle of the first antenna branch is relatively large, which can improve the gain of the first antenna branch and the antenna assembly, thereby improving the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the capacitance value of the first capacitor may be 0.1pF-0.5pF, and illustratively, the capacitance value of the first capacitor may be 0.1pF, 0.25pF, 0.5pF, etc.
  • the resonant frequency of the first antenna branch gradually decreases as the capacitance of the first capacitor increases.
  • the antenna assembly further includes: a second capacitor, the second capacitor is multiple, and the first open end of each first antenna branch is electrically coupled to the conductive ground layer through a second capacitor.
  • the resonant frequency of the first antenna branch connected thereto can be reduced through the second capacitor, and the size (length along the extension direction) of the first antenna branch can be reduced, so as to realize the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the first feeding end and the first open end are two opposite ends of the first antenna branch along its extension direction.
  • the current between the first feeding end and the first open end of the first antenna branch is a unidirectional current
  • the current on the first antenna branch gradually increases from the first feeding end to the middle of the extension direction thereof
  • the current on the first antenna branch gradually increases from the first open end to the middle of the extension direction thereof.
  • the first antenna branch operates in a differential mode
  • the middle of the first antenna branch mainly transmits and receives signals, which can improve the gain of the first antenna branch and the antenna assembly, thereby improving the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly further includes: an inductor, wherein there are multiple inductors, one end of each first capacitor is electrically connected to the first feeding end of a first antenna branch, and the other end of each first capacitor is electrically connected to an inductor.
  • the inductor can reduce the resonant frequency of the first antenna branch corresponding thereto, thereby reducing the size of the first antenna branch, so as to realize the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the first antenna array further includes: a first dielectric column, the first dielectric column is disposed on the substrate, and the plurality of first antenna branches are disposed on the sidewalls of the first dielectric column. In this way, the first antenna branches can be fixed and supported by the first dielectric column to improve the structural stability of the antenna assembly.
  • a first receiving hole is provided on the first dielectric column, a geometric center line of the first dielectric column is colinear with a geometric center line of the first receiving hole, and the second antenna array is provided in the first receiving hole.
  • the second antenna array can be prevented from occupying space, so as to reduce the volume of the antenna assembly and facilitate miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the second antenna array further includes a second dielectric column, the second dielectric column is disposed in the first receiving hole, the geometric center line of the second dielectric column is colinear with the geometric center line of the first dielectric column, and a plurality of second antenna branches are disposed on the side wall of the second dielectric column.
  • the second dielectric column can be used to fix and support the second antenna branches to improve the structural stability of the antenna assembly.
  • the first antenna branches are arranged head to tail in the direction surrounding the geometric center line of the first dielectric column, and the current on the first antenna array is arranged around the geometric center of the first dielectric column (the current on the first antenna array is arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the geometry of the first dielectric column); similarly, the second antenna branches are arranged head to tail in the direction surrounding the geometric center line of the first dielectric column, and the current on the second antenna array is arranged around the geometric center of the first dielectric column (the current on the second antenna array is arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the geometry of the first dielectric column).
  • each second antenna branch is disposed in the first receiving hole, and the plane where each second antenna branch is located intersects with the geometric center line of the first dielectric column. In this way, each second antenna branch extends toward the middle of the first receiving hole, which can increase the distance between the second antenna branch and the side wall of the first dielectric column, thereby increasing the distance between the first antenna branch and the second antenna branch, thereby improving the isolation between the first antenna branch and the second antenna branch.
  • the second antenna array includes a plurality of dielectric plates disposed in the first receiving hole, and each second antenna branch is disposed on a dielectric plate.
  • the dielectric plates can be used to support and fix each second antenna branch.
  • the first operating frequency band is smaller than the second operating frequency band. Since each second antenna branch extends toward the middle of the first receiving hole, the isolation between the first antenna branch and the second antenna branch is improved; thus, the performance of the antenna assembly can be guaranteed.
  • the circularly polarized electromagnetic waves radiated by the conductive ring have the same rotation direction as the circularly polarized electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the current on the conductive ring has the same phase change and the same polarization as the current on the first antenna array and the second antenna array, so that the circularly polarized radiation of the first antenna array and the second antenna array on the rectangular conductive grounding layer is purer, which corrects the deterioration of the circular polarization of the first antenna array and the second antenna array caused by the asymmetric environment to a certain extent, thereby reducing the axial ratio of the first antenna array and the second antenna array.
  • the conductive ring in an implementation in which the conductive ring is arranged on the side of the first antenna array away from the substrate (i.e., the conductive ring is opposite to the first antenna array), the conductive ring mainly improves the performance of the first antenna array; and in an implementation in which the conductive ring is arranged on the side of the second antenna array away from the substrate (i.e., the conductive ring is opposite to the second antenna array), the conductive ring mainly improves the performance of the second antenna array.
  • the antenna assembly is disposed on a telematics processor
  • the telematics processor may include a housing, the housing is surrounded by a mounting cavity, and the substrate, the first antenna array, and the second antenna array are all disposed in the mounting cavity; the corresponding dielectric plate may also be disposed in the mounting cavity and connected to the housing to fix the dielectric plate.
  • the conductive ring may be directly disposed on the housing, and in this case, the dielectric plate does not need to be disposed, which can reduce the volume and mass of the telematics processor.
  • the first antenna array is located at the geometric center of the conductive ground layer. This arrangement places the antenna assembly in a symmetrical environment, which can improve the circular polarization effect of the antenna assembly.
  • the capacitance value of the filter capacitor may be 0.1 pF-1 pF (eg, 0.1 pF, 0.5 pF, 1 pF, etc.).
  • the first antenna array further includes: a first dielectric column, the first dielectric column is arranged on the substrate, and the plurality of first antenna branches and the plurality of second antenna branches are all arranged on the side wall of the first dielectric column. Such an arrangement can improve the structural compactness of the antenna assembly and further reduce the volume and mass of the antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a conductive plate, the conductive plate is arranged parallel to and spaced from the substrate, the first antenna array is located between the conductive plate and the substrate, the conductive plate and the first antenna array are arranged spaced from each other, and the projection of the conductive plate on the substrate is located within the area surrounded by the projections of the plurality of first antenna branches on the substrate; a plurality of slits are arranged on the conductive plate, each slit corresponds to a first antenna branch, and the first antenna branch is used to couple a signal to the conductive plate.
  • the slits extend on the conductive plate so that the slits and the conductive plates surrounding them constitute a slot antenna, and each slot antenna is arranged around a preset straight line with equal central angles.
  • Each slit corresponds to the position of a first antenna branch, and the first antenna branch is used to couple a signal to the conductive plate; that is, each first antenna branch can couple a signal to a slot antenna corresponding to it.
  • the slot antenna in the conductive plate and the corresponding first antenna branch can be fed through the same first feeding end. Accordingly, the slot antenna and the first antenna branch can be fed only through the first feeding device, without the need to set up a second feeding device, thereby simplifying the system structure.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, including a housing and the antenna assembly of any embodiment, wherein the housing is configured to form an installation cavity, and the antenna assembly is disposed in the installation cavity.
  • the communication device provided in the embodiments of the present application includes the antenna assembly in any of the above embodiments, so the two can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and the communication device as described above, wherein the communication device is arranged on the vehicle body.
  • the vehicle provided in the embodiments of the present application includes the communication device in any of the above embodiments, so the two can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an assembly structure of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a first schematic structural diagram of a first antenna branch in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG3 is a second structural schematic diagram of a first antenna branch in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is an exploded view of an antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a first diagram of current distribution on a first antenna branch in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a first structural diagram of a second antenna branch in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a feeding phase diagram of the first antenna branch and the second antenna branch in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG8 is a first diagram of current distribution on a second antenna branch in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a radio frequency block diagram of a first antenna array in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a first graph of active S11 in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a second schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a gain diagram 1 of the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction;
  • FIG13 is a diagram showing the axial ratio of the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the zenith direction in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG14 is a second gain diagram of the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction;
  • FIG15 is a diagram showing the maximum axial ratio of the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application in the zenith direction and within ⁇ 30° of the zenith direction;
  • FIG16 is a diagram showing the direction of the induced current in the conductive ring and the current direction of the first antenna branch and the second antenna branch in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG17 is a diagram showing current distribution on a conductive ring in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG18 is a gain comparison diagram before and after a conductive ring is provided in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG19 is a comparison diagram of the axial ratios in the zenith direction before and after the conductive ring is set in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG20 is a comparison diagram of the maximum axial ratio within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction before and after the conductive ring is set in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG21 is a second exploded view of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 22 is a third schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG23 is a third structural schematic diagram of the first antenna branch in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG24 is a second diagram of current distribution on the first antenna branch in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG25 is a second structural schematic diagram of the second antenna branch in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG26 is a second diagram of current distribution on the second antenna branch in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 27 is a second graph of active S11 in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG28 is a fourth structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG29 is a gain diagram 1 of the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG30 is a second diagram of the axial ratio of the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the zenith direction in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG31 is a diagram showing a maximum axial ratio of the first antenna array and the second antenna array within ⁇ 30° in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG32 is a fifth structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG33 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first antenna branch and a second antenna branch in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG34 is a current distribution diagram when power is fed to the first antenna branch through the first feeding terminal in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG35 is a current distribution diagram when power is fed to the second antenna branch through the first feeding end in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG36 is a third graph of active S11 in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG37 is a second gain diagram of the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG38 is a third diagram of the axial ratio of the first antenna array and the second antenna array in the zenith direction in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG39 is a second diagram showing the maximum axial ratio of the first antenna array and the second antenna array within ⁇ 30° in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG40 is a sixth structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG41 is a fourth structural diagram of the first antenna branch in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG42 is a third current distribution diagram on the first antenna branch in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG43 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a conductive plate in an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG45 is a fourth graph of active S11 in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG46 is a gain diagram of the first antenna array and the slot antenna in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG47 is an axial ratio diagram of the first antenna array in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application in the zenith direction;
  • FIG48 is a diagram showing the maximum axial ratio of the first antenna array within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction in the antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG49 is a seventh structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG50 is a first structural diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 51 is a second structural schematic diagram of the vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • first”, “second”, etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.
  • a feature defined as “first”, “second”, etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • directional terms such as “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “horizontal” and “vertical” are defined relative to the orientation of the components schematically placed in the drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts. They are used for relative description and clarification, and they may change accordingly according to changes in the orientation of the components placed in the drawings.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, an electrical connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • Coupling can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling, and "coupled connection” can be understood as direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection.
  • Direct coupling can also be called “electrical connection”, which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the connection between different components in the circuit structure through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals; "indirect coupling” can be understood as two conductors being electrically conductive in an airless/non-contact manner.
  • indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts to form an equivalent capacitor.
  • Capacitance It can be understood as lumped capacitance and/or distributed capacitance.
  • Lumped capacitance refers to capacitive components, such as capacitors; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.
  • Lumped inductance refers to inductive components, such as inductors; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) refers to the equivalent inductance formed by a certain length of conductive parts (such as conductive sheets, wires, etc.), such as the equivalent inductance formed by the conductor due to curling or rotation.
  • Radiator is a device in the antenna used to receive/send electromagnetic wave radiation.
  • the narrow sense of "antenna” is a radiator, which converts the waveguide energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into waveguide energy, which is used to radiate and receive radio waves.
  • the modulated high-frequency current energy (or waveguide energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, and converted into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy by the radiator and radiated in the desired direction.
  • the receiving radiator converts a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is transmitted to the receiver input via the feeder line.
  • the radiator may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a linear or sheet shape, etc.
  • the present application does not limit the specific shape.
  • the linear radiator may be referred to as a linear antenna.
  • the linear radiator may be implemented by a conductive frame, and may also be referred to as a frame antenna.
  • the linear radiator may be implemented by a bracket conductor, and may also be referred to as a bracket antenna.
  • the linear radiator or the radiator of the linear antenna, has a wire diameter (e.g., including thickness and width) much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1/16 of the wavelength), and the length may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., the length is about 1/8 of the wavelength, or 1/8 to 1/4, or 1/4 to 1/2, or longer).
  • the main forms of linear antennas are dipole antennas, half-wave dipole antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna).
  • each dipole antenna generally includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feeding unit from the feeding end of the radiating branch.
  • an inverted-F antenna IFA
  • IFA inverted-F antenna
  • the IFA antenna has a feeding point and a grounding point, and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is an inverted F shape.
  • the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna, or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted F antenna (also known as PIFA, Planar Inverted F Antenna).
  • the sheet radiator may be implemented by a planar conductor (such as a conductive sheet or a conductive coating, etc.).
  • the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet, etc.
  • the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as a silver paste, etc.
  • the shape of the sheet radiator includes a circle, a rectangle, a ring, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape.
  • the structure of the microstrip antenna is generally composed of a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a floor, wherein the dielectric substrate is arranged between the radiator and the floor.
  • the radiator may also include a slot or a slit formed on the conductor, for example, a closed or semi-closed slot or slit formed on the grounded conductor surface.
  • a slotted or slitted radiator may be referred to as a slot antenna or a slot antenna.
  • the radial dimension (for example, including the width) of the slot or slit of the slot antenna/slot antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (for example, the medium wavelength) (for example, less than 1/16 of the wavelength), and the length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (for example, the medium wavelength) (for example, the length is about 1/8 of the wavelength, or 1/8 to 1/4, or 1/4 to 1/2, or longer).
  • a radiator with a closed slot or slit may be referred to as a closed slot antenna.
  • a radiator with a semi-closed slot or slit (for example, an opening is added to a closed slot or slit) may be referred to as an open slot antenna.
  • the slot shape is a long strip.
  • the length of the slot is about half a wavelength (for example, the medium wavelength).
  • the length of the slot is about an integer multiple of the wavelength (for example, one times the medium wavelength).
  • the slot can be fed by a transmission line connected across one or both sides thereof, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field on the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space.
  • the radiator of the slot antenna or slot antenna can be realized by a conductive frame with both ends grounded, which can also be called a frame antenna; in this embodiment, it can be regarded as that the slot antenna or slot antenna includes a linear radiator, which is spaced apart from the floor and grounded at both ends of the radiator, thereby forming a closed or semi-closed slot or slot.
  • the radiator of the slot antenna or slot antenna can be realized by a bracket conductor with both ends grounded, which can also be called a bracket antenna.
  • Ground/floor It can refer to at least a part of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a part of any combination of any of the above grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding components, etc.
  • Ground/floor can be used for grounding components in electronic devices.
  • "ground/floor” can include any one or more of the following: the grounding layer of the circuit board of the electronic device, the grounding plate formed by the middle frame of the electronic device, the grounding metal layer formed by the metal film under the screen, the conductive grounding layer of the battery, and the conductive parts or metal parts electrically connected to the above grounding layer/grounding plate/metal layer.
  • the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer or 12-14-layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13 or 14 layers of conductive material, or an element separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or insulating layer such as glass fiber, polymer, etc.
  • the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer and a routing layer, and the routing layer and the grounding layer are electrically connected through vias.
  • components such as a display, a touch screen, an input button, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, a battery, a charging circuit, a system on chip (SoC) structure, etc. can be mounted on or connected to a circuit board; or electrically connected to a wiring layer and/or a ground layer in the circuit board.
  • SoC system on chip
  • grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding metal layers are made of conductive materials.
  • the conductive material can be any of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, graphite-coated substrates, copper-plated substrates, brass-plated substrates, and aluminum-plated substrates.
  • the grounding layer/grounding plate/grounding metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.
  • Grounding refers to coupling with the above-mentioned ground/floor in any way.
  • grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as physical grounding (or physical ground) at a specific position on the frame through some structural parts of the middle frame.
  • grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as grounding through devices such as capacitors/inductors/resistors connected in series or in parallel (or device ground).
  • Resonant frequency band The range of the resonant frequency is the resonant frequency band.
  • the return loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.
  • the reverse current on a conductor may refer to the current on the conductor having at least one reverse point.
  • the unidirectional current on two conductors may refer to the current on both conductors having no reverse point and flowing in the same direction.
  • the reverse current on two conductors may refer to the current on both conductors having no reverse point and flowing in opposite directions. The unidirectional/reverse current on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.
  • the metal layer can be formed on a surface of the substrate 10 or in the body of the substrate 10 by electroplating, deposition, etc. It should be understood that FIG. 1 only shows the conductive grounding layer 101 in a simplified manner and is not intended to be limited to being disposed on the upper surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the metal layer can also be directly attached to the substrate 10. In the implementation mode in which the conductive grounding layer 101 includes a non-metallic conductive material, the conductive grounding layer 101 can be formed on a surface of the substrate 10 by coating, etc.
  • the antenna assembly in the embodiment of the present application also includes a first antenna array 20, and the first antenna array 20 is arranged on the conductive ground layer 101.
  • the substrate 10 serves as the basis of the first antenna array 20, and the substrate 10 can support and fix the first antenna array 20.
  • the first antenna array 20 includes a plurality of first antenna branches 201, and a first preset angle is formed between the plane where each first antenna branch 201 is located and the substrate.
  • the first preset angle can be 30°-150° (such as 30°, 90°, 150°, etc.).
  • each first antenna branch 201 may be the same, and the plurality of first antenna branches 201 are arranged at equal central angles around a preset straight line L perpendicular to the substrate 10; that is, among the plurality of first antenna branches 201, the angle (central angle) between the same position on any two adjacent first antenna branches 201 and the line connecting the preset straight line L is equal.
  • the angle (central angle) between the first open end of each two adjacent first antenna branches 201 and the line connecting the preset straight line L is equal.
  • the number of first antenna branches 201 may be 3-6, such as 3, 4, or 6. In the implementation in which the number of first antenna branches 201 is 3, the central angle between each two adjacent first antenna branches 201 may be 120°.
  • each first antenna branch 201 can be the same, multiple first antenna branches 201 are symmetrically arranged with respect to a preset straight line L, and each first antenna branch 201 is arranged with 120° rotational symmetry with respect to the preset straight line L; in an implementation method in which the number of first antenna branches 201 is 4 (as shown in Figure 1), each first antenna branch 201 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the preset straight line L, and each first antenna branch 201 is arranged with 90° rotational symmetry with respect to the preset straight line L; in an implementation method in which the number of first antenna branches 201 is 6, each first antenna branch 201 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the preset straight line L, and each first antenna branch 201 is arranged with 60° rotational symmetry with respect to the preset straight line L.
  • phase difference in this application means that the phase difference is the same or approximately the same (such as the difference between the two phase differences is within 5%), and the corresponding "phases differ by 90°” should be understood as the phases differ by 90° ⁇ (1 ⁇ 5%). "The phases differ by 120°”, “The phases differ by 60°”, etc. should be understood similarly.
  • the current amplitude on the first antenna branch 201 can also be gradually increased from the first open end to the middle or approximately the middle of its extension direction, so that the first antenna branch 201 works in differential mode (DM).
  • the current on the first antenna branch 201 can be understood as a current distribution with small current at both ends and large current in the middle.
  • the middle portion of the first antenna branch 201 is mainly used for transmitting and receiving signals. The current amplitude in the middle portion of the first antenna branch 201 is relatively large, which can improve the gain of the first antenna branch 201 and the antenna assembly, thereby improving the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the capacitance value of the first capacitor 202 may be 0.1pF-0.5pF.
  • the capacitance value of the first capacitor 202 may be 0.1pF, 0.25pF, 0.5pF, etc.
  • the resonant frequency of the first antenna branch 201 gradually decreases as the capacitance value of the first capacitor 202 increases.
  • the capacitance value of the first capacitor 202 may be set to 0.1pF-0.5pF, the resonant frequency of the first antenna branch 201 may be prevented from being too low due to the capacitance value of the first capacitor 202 being too large while ensuring that the first antenna branch 201 operates in the DM mode.
  • the first capacitor 202 may include lumped capacitance and/or distributed capacitance.
  • Lumped capacitance refers to a capacitive component, such as a capacitor element; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) refers to an equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive members spaced apart by a certain gap. Accordingly, conductive members may be spaced apart outside the first feeding terminal, and the distance between the first feeding terminal and the conductive member may be reasonably set so that the first feeding terminal and the conductive member form an equivalent capacitance (first capacitor 202).
  • the antenna assembly may further include a second capacitor 203, and there may be multiple second capacitors 203.
  • the first open end of a first antenna branch 201 is electrically coupled to the conductive ground layer 101 via a second capacitor 203.
  • the resonant frequency of the first antenna branch 201 connected thereto may be reduced by the second capacitor 203, and the size (length along the extension direction) of the first antenna branch 201 may be reduced, so as to realize the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the capacitance value of the second capacitor 203 can be 0.1pF-0.5pF.
  • the capacitance value of the second capacitor 203 can be 0.1pF, 0.25pF, 0.5pF, etc. It can be understood that if the capacitance value of the second capacitor 203 is too large, it will make the impedance matching of the first antenna branch 201 more difficult.
  • the capacitance value of the second capacitor 203 By setting the capacitance value of the second capacitor 203 to 0.1pF-0.5pF, the impedance matching difficulty of the first antenna branch 201 is reduced while ensuring that the first antenna branch 201 works in DM mode and the second capacitor 203 reduces the size of the first antenna branch 201. It can be understood that the structure of the second capacitor 203 can be roughly the same as that of the first capacitor 202, which will not be repeated here.
  • the antenna assembly further includes an inductor 204, and there are multiple inductors 204.
  • One end of each first capacitor 202 is electrically connected to the first feeding end of a first antenna branch 201, and the other end of each first capacitor 202 is electrically connected to one end of an inductor 204, that is, the first capacitor 202 and the inductor 204 corresponding to each first feeding end are connected in series, and the external signal is fed into the corresponding first feeding end after passing through the inductor 204 and the first capacitor 202 in sequence.
  • the inductor 204 can reduce the resonant frequency of the first antenna branch 201 corresponding to it, and then reduce the size of the first antenna branch 201, so as to realize the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly also includes a second feed and a second antenna array 30, the second antenna array 30 includes a plurality of second antenna branches 301, each of the planes where the second antenna branches 301 are located has a second preset angle with the substrate, each of the plurality of second antenna branches 301 includes a second feed end, and the plurality of second feed ends are coupled to the second feed, and the second antenna branches 301 are used to receive the signal of the second feed to radiate in the second working frequency band.
  • the second preset angle can be 30°-150° (such as 30°, 90°, 150°, etc.).
  • the embodiment of the present application will be introduced with the second preset angle of about 90° as an example, that is, the plane where the second antenna branches 301 are located is roughly perpendicular to the substrate 10, and it can be understood that the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this. In one embodiment, roughly perpendicular can be understood as the second preset angle being within the range of 85°-95°.
  • the structures and shapes of the second antenna branches 301 can be the same, and the plurality of second antenna branches 301 can be arranged around the preset straight line L with equal central angles, that is, among the plurality of second antenna branches 301, the angle (central angle) between the same position on any two adjacent second antenna branches 301 and the line connecting the preset straight line L is equal.
  • the number of the second antenna branches 301 can be 3-6, such as 3, 4, or 6.
  • each second antenna branch 301 is symmetrically arranged with respect to a preset straight line L, and each second antenna branch 301 is rotationally symmetrically arranged with respect to the preset straight line L at 120°; in the implementation manner in which the number of second antenna branches 301 is 4 (as shown in FIG.
  • each second antenna branch 301 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the preset straight line L, and each second antenna branch 301 is rotationally symmetrically arranged with respect to the preset straight line L at 90°; in the implementation manner in which the number of second antenna branches 301 is 6, each second antenna branch 301 is symmetrically arranged with respect to the preset straight line L, and each second antenna branch 301 is rotationally symmetrically arranged with respect to the preset straight line L at 60°.
  • the second antenna branch 301 extends on one side of the substrate 10, and the second antenna branch 301 has two opposite ends along the extension direction, one end of which can be used as the second feeding end of the second antenna branch 301, and the second feeding end is used to receive external feeding, and one end can be used as the second open end of the second antenna branch 301, and the second open end is spaced from the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • the second open end is not directly electrically connected to the conductive grounding layer 101; illustratively, the second open end may not be coupled to the conductive grounding layer 101, or the second open end may be coupled to the conductive grounding layer 101 through a capacitor.
  • the phase difference of the signals in the adjacent second antenna branches 301 is equal, so that the second antenna array 30 generates a circularly polarized signal.
  • This arrangement enables the second antenna array 30 to receive signals in any polarization direction, thereby improving the versatility of the antenna assembly. It is understandable that the phase difference of the feed signals of the adjacent second antenna branches 301 can be reasonably set according to the number of the second antenna branches 301, so that along the direction around the preset straight line L, the feed signal amplitudes of each second antenna branch 301 are equal, and the feed signals sequentially differ by the same phase difference to generate a circularly polarized signal.
  • the feed signal amplitudes of each second antenna branch 301 are equal, and the phases sequentially differ by 120°.
  • the number of the second antenna branches 301 is 4, along the direction around the preset straight line L, the feed signal amplitudes of each second antenna branch 301 are equal, and the phases sequentially differ by 90°.
  • the number of the second antenna branches 301 is 6, along the direction surrounding the preset straight line L, the feeding signals of the second antenna branches 301 have the same amplitude and the phases differ by 60°.
  • the number of the first antenna branches 201 can be the same as the number of the second antenna branches 301. As shown in FIG4, the number of the first antenna branches 201 and the number of the second antenna branches 301 can both be 4, each first antenna branch 201 corresponds to a second antenna branch 301, the phase difference between two adjacent first antenna branches 201 is 90°, and the phase difference between two adjacent second antenna branches 301 is also 90°.
  • the number of the first antenna branches 201 can also be different from the number of the second antenna branches 301, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the working frequency band (first working frequency band) of the first antenna branch 201 and the working frequency band (second working frequency band) of the second antenna branch 301 are not equal, so that the resonant frequencies excited by the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 are not equal, that is, the frequency bands covered by the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 are different, so as to increase the coverage frequency of the antenna assembly and improve the bandwidth of the antenna assembly.
  • the structures of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 may be various, which will be introduced in various scenarios below:
  • the first antenna array 20 includes a first dielectric column 205, the first dielectric column 205 is disposed on the substrate 10, and a plurality of first antenna branches 201 are disposed on the sidewalls of the first dielectric column 205.
  • the first antenna branches 201 can be fixed and supported by the first dielectric column 205 to improve the structural stability of the antenna assembly.
  • the first dielectric column 205 has a certain dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant of the first dielectric column 205 can be reasonably selected according to the performance of the first antenna array 20.
  • the material of the first dielectric column 205 may include epoxy glass cloth laminate (FR-4), epoxy resin, etc.
  • the dielectric constant of the first dielectric column 205 is small, which can improve the impedance matching performance of the first antenna array 20, thereby improving the gain of the first antenna array 20.
  • the geometric center line of the first dielectric column 205 is colinear with the preset straight line L.
  • the first dielectric column 205 may be cylindrical, and the corresponding first antenna branches 201 may be distributed on the side wall of the first dielectric column 205 at equal central angles around the preset straight line L, so that the central angles between any two adjacent first antenna branches 201 are equal.
  • the first dielectric column 205 may also be prismatic, and accordingly, each first antenna branch 201 may be arranged on a side of the first dielectric column 205 parallel to the preset straight line L.
  • the first dielectric column 205 may be rectangular, and each first antenna branch 201 is arranged on a surface of the first dielectric column 205 parallel to the preset straight line L.
  • the first antenna branch 201 may be formed on the side wall of the first dielectric column 205 by electroplating, deposition, etc.
  • the first antenna branch may also be attached to the side wall of the first dielectric column 205.
  • the first antenna branch 201 can extend in a bent or folded shape on the first dielectric column 205. This arrangement can reduce the space occupied by the first antenna branch 201 while ensuring that the first antenna branch 201 has a certain length in the extension direction, thereby reducing the volume of the first dielectric column 205, so as to facilitate the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the first antenna branch 201 may include a first segment 2011 extending in a direction parallel to the preset straight line L, a second segment 2012 extending in a direction perpendicular to the preset straight line L, and a third segment 2013 extending in a direction parallel to the preset straight line L, wherein the first segment 2011, the second segment 2012, and the third segment 2013 are connected in sequence, and the first segment 2011 and the third segment 2013 are located between the second segment 2012 and the substrate 10.
  • the first antenna branch 201 may further include a fourth segment 2014 extending in a direction perpendicular to the preset straight line L, wherein the fourth segment 2014 may be connected and extended from the end of the third segment 2013, and is located between the first segment 2011 and the third segment 2013.
  • the end of the first segment 2011 close to the substrate 10 can be the first feeding end, the end of the first segment 2011 away from the substrate 10 is connected to the end of the second segment 2012, and the end of the second segment 2012 away from the first segment 2011 is connected to the end of the third segment 2013 away from the substrate 10.
  • the third segment 2013 can serve as the first open end of the first antenna branch 201.
  • the end of the third segment 2013 close to the substrate 10 is connected to the end of the fourth segment 2014 away from the first segment 2011, and accordingly, the end of the fourth segment 2014 away from the third segment 2013 can serve as the first open end of the first antenna branch 201.
  • the first open end of the first antenna branch 201 is spaced apart from the conductive grounding layer 101 on the substrate 10 and coupled through a device. In one embodiment, the first open end of the first antenna branch 201 is spaced apart from the conductive grounding layer 101 on the substrate 10 and is not coupled through a device.
  • the first antenna branch 201 including a plurality of segments may have a shape that is bent once or multiple times, thereby further reducing the space occupied by the first antenna branch 201 .
  • the first antenna branch 201 further includes a fifth segment 2015, the fifth segment 2015 is co-linearly arranged with the second segment 2012, the fifth segment 2015 is located on a side of the first segment 2011 away from the second segment 2012, and one end of the fifth segment 2015 close to the second segment 2012 is connected to the second segment 2012.
  • the first antenna branch 201 can be tested through the fifth segment 2015, so as to facilitate the testing of the first antenna branch 201.
  • the total length of the first antenna branch 201 can be 40mm-65mm (such as 40mm, 43.75mm, 65mm, etc.).
  • the total length of the first antenna branch 201 can refer to the shortest distance between the end of the first feeding end and the end of the first open end of the first antenna branch 201, that is, the length of the same direction current when the first antenna branch 201 radiates signals outward.
  • the length d1 of the first segment 2011 can be 7mm-10mm (such as 7mm, 8.25mm, 10mm, etc.)
  • the length d2 of the second segment 2012 and the fifth segment 2015 can be 35mm-40mm (such as 35mm, 37mm, 40mm, etc.)
  • the length d3 of the third segment 2013 can be 8mm-11mm (such as 8mm, 9.5mm, 11mm, etc.)
  • the length d4 of the fourth segment 2014 can be 8mm-10mm (such as 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, etc.).
  • the length of the fifth segment 2015 can be less than or equal to 20mm to avoid the fifth segment 2015 being too long and affecting the resonance of the first antenna branch 201.
  • one end of the first segment 2011 close to the substrate 10 is the first feeding end of the first antenna branch 201, and accordingly, one plate of the first capacitor 202 is electrically connected to the first feeding end, and the other plate of the first capacitor 202 can be connected to the first feeding device, so that the first feeding device can feed the first antenna branch 201 through the first capacitor 202.
  • the first feeding device can include a power divider, a phase shifter, etc.
  • the first feeding device can include a microstrip line and a coplanar waveguide line, etc.
  • the first feeding device can make the amplitude of the feeding signal of each first antenna branch 201 along the direction surrounding the preset straight line L equal, and the feeding signals can be sequentially separated by the same phase difference to generate a circularly polarized signal.
  • the first capacitor 202 can also be arranged on the first dielectric column 205, and the first capacitor 202 can be arranged between the first feeding end and the substrate 10 to improve the structural compactness of the antenna assembly.
  • the first capacitor 202 can also be arranged on the substrate 10, and accordingly, the first capacitor 202 can be connected to the corresponding first feeding end through a wire.
  • the first feeding device can be arranged on the substrate 10, and a feeding signal can be transmitted to the first feeding device through a coaxial cable.
  • the first feeding device feeds each first antenna branch 201 at the same time, so that the feeding signal amplitudes of each first antenna branch 201 are equal, and the feeding signals are sequentially different by the same phase difference.
  • FIG5 shows a current distribution diagram on the first antenna branch 201.
  • the arrow distribution density of the current in the figure is positively correlated with the current amplitude.
  • the first capacitor 202 can adjust the current distribution on the first antenna branch 201 so that the currents on the first segment 2011, the second segment 2012, the third segment 2013, and the fourth segment 2014 are currents in the same direction, and the current amplitudes on the first segment 2011 and the fourth segment 2014 are smaller, and the current amplitude on the second segment 2012 is larger, that is, the current amplitude of the first antenna branch 201 gradually increases from the first feeding end to the middle or approximately the middle of its extension direction, and at the same time, the current amplitude of the first antenna branch 201 gradually increases from the first open end to the middle or approximately the middle of its extension direction, thereby making the first antenna branch 201 operate in DM mode.
  • the antenna assembly includes the second capacitor 203
  • one plate of the second capacitor 203 is connected to the first open end, and the other plate of the second capacitor 203 is electrically connected to the conductive ground layer 101.
  • the second capacitor 203 may be disposed on the first dielectric column 205, and the second capacitor 203 may be disposed between the fourth segment 2014 and the substrate 10, so as to further improve the structural compactness of the antenna assembly.
  • the inductor 204 may be disposed between the first capacitor 202 and the first feeding device, that is, the first feeding device is connected to the first capacitor 202 via the inductor 204.
  • the inductance value of the inductor 204 may be 10nH-15nH (10nH, 12.5nH, 15nH, etc.), so as to ensure that the resonant frequency of the first antenna branch 201 is reduced to reduce the size of the first antenna branch 201, while preventing the inductance value of the inductor 204 from being too large or too small.
  • a first receiving hole 206 is provided on the first dielectric column 205, the center line of the first receiving hole 206 is arranged colinearly with the preset straight line L, and the second antenna array 30 can be arranged in the first receiving hole 206.
  • the second antenna array 30 can be prevented from occupying space, so as to reduce the volume of the antenna assembly, so as to realize the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • first receiving hole 206 may extend from the end of the first dielectric column 205 away from the substrate 10 toward the substrate 10 , and the first receiving hole 206 may penetrate the first dielectric column 205 .
  • first receiving hole 206 may also partially penetrate the first dielectric column 205 .
  • the number of the first antenna branches 201 and the second antenna branches 301 can be 4, and accordingly, each first antenna branch 201 can correspond to one second antenna branch 301.
  • the feed signal amplitudes of the first antenna branches 201 along the direction surrounding the preset straight line L are equal, and the phases are sequentially different by 90°
  • the feed signal amplitudes of the second antenna branches 301 along the direction surrounding the preset straight line L are equal, and the phases are sequentially different by 90°, so that the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 can both generate circularly polarized signals.
  • the second antenna array 30 may further include a second dielectric column 303, the geometric center line of the second dielectric column 303 may be colinearly arranged with the geometric center line of the first dielectric column 205, the second dielectric column 303 is arranged in the first receiving hole 206, and a plurality of second antenna branches 301 are arranged on the side wall of the second dielectric column 303, and the second antenna branches 301 may be fixed and supported by the second dielectric column 303 to improve the structural stability of the antenna assembly.
  • the second dielectric column 303 has a certain dielectric constant, and the dielectric constant of the second dielectric column 303 may be reasonably selected according to the performance of the second antenna array 30.
  • the end of the second dielectric column 303 facing away from the substrate 10 can be flush with the end of the first dielectric column 205 facing away from the substrate, or, the end of the second dielectric column 303 facing away from the substrate 10 is located in the first receiving hole 206.
  • the end of the second dielectric column 303 facing away from the substrate 10 can also extend out of the first receiving hole 206.
  • the material of the second dielectric column 303 may include epoxy glass cloth laminate (FR-4), epoxy resin, etc.
  • the dielectric constant of the second dielectric column 303 is small, which can improve the impedance matching performance of the second antenna array 30, thereby improving the gain of the second antenna array 30.
  • the second dielectric column 303 may be cylindrical, and the corresponding second antenna branches 301 may be distributed on the side wall of the second dielectric column 303 at equal central angles around the preset straight line L, so that the central angles between any two adjacent second antenna branches 301 are equal.
  • the second dielectric column 303 may also be prismatic, and correspondingly, each second antenna branch 301 may be arranged on a side of the second dielectric column 303 parallel to the preset straight line L.
  • the second dielectric column 303 may be rectangular, and each second antenna branch 301 is arranged on a surface of the second dielectric column 303 parallel to the preset straight line L.
  • the second antenna branch 301 may be formed on the side wall of the second dielectric pillar 303 by electroplating, deposition or the like.
  • the second antenna branch 301 may also be attached to the side wall of the second dielectric pillar 303 .
  • the geometric center line of the second dielectric column 303 is collinear with the preset straight line L, that is, the geometric center line of the second dielectric column 303, the geometric center line of the first receiving hole 206 and the geometric center line of the first dielectric column 205 are collinearly arranged.
  • the distance between each second antenna branch 301 and the side wall of the first dielectric column 205 can be equal, that is, the distance between each first antenna branch 201 and the corresponding second antenna branch 301 is equal.
  • each first antenna branch 201 is centrally symmetrical with respect to the geometric center line of the first dielectric column 205; each second antenna branch 301 is centrally symmetrical with respect to the geometric center line of the first dielectric column 205.
  • each first antenna branch 201 and each second antenna branch 301 are evenly arranged.
  • each second antenna branch 301 corresponds to a first antenna branch 201.
  • the minimum distance between the corresponding first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301 is greater than or equal to 1 mm (such as 1 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, etc.).
  • the second antenna branch 301 can extend in a bent or folded shape on the second dielectric column 303. This arrangement can reduce the space occupied by the second antenna branch 301 while ensuring that the second antenna branch 301 has a certain length in the extension direction, thereby reducing the volume of the second dielectric column 303 to facilitate the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the second antenna branch 301 may include a sixth segment 3011 extending in a direction parallel to the preset straight line L, a seventh segment 3012 extending in a direction perpendicular to the preset straight line L, and an eighth segment 3013 extending in a direction parallel to the preset straight line L, wherein the sixth segment 3011, the seventh segment 3012, and the eighth segment 3013 are connected in sequence, and the sixth segment 3011 and the eighth segment 3013 are located between the seventh segment 3012 and the substrate 10.
  • the second antenna branch 301 also includes a ninth segment 3014 extending in a direction perpendicular to the preset straight line L, and the ninth segment 3014 may be connected and extended from the end of the eighth segment 3013, and is located between the sixth segment 3011 and the eighth segment 3013.
  • the end of the sixth segment 3011 close to the substrate 10 can be the second feeding end
  • the end of the sixth segment 3011 away from the substrate 10 is connected to the end of the seventh segment 3012
  • the end of the seventh segment 3012 away from the sixth segment 3011 is connected to the end of the eighth segment 3013 away from the substrate 10.
  • the eighth segment 3013 can be used as the second open end of the second antenna branch 301.
  • the end of the eighth segment 3013 close to the substrate 10 is connected to the end of the ninth segment 3014 away from the sixth segment 3011, and accordingly, the end of the ninth segment 3014 away from the eighth segment 3013 can be used as the second open end, and the second open end is spaced from the conductive grounding layer 101 on the substrate 10.
  • the second open end of the second antenna branch 301 is spaced from the conductive grounding layer 101 on the substrate 10 and coupled through a device.
  • the second open end of the second antenna branch 301 is spaced from the conductive grounding layer 101 on the substrate 10 and is not coupled through a device.
  • the total length of the second antenna branch 301 is 45 mm-70 mm (such as 45 mm, 62.1 mm, 70 mm, etc.).
  • the total length of the second antenna branch 301 may refer to the shortest distance between the end of the second feeding end and the end of the second open end of the second antenna branch 301, that is, the length of the same direction current when the second antenna branch 301 radiates signals outward.
  • the length d5 of the sixth segment 3011 can be 19mm-22mm (such as 19mm, 20.5mm, 22mm, etc.)
  • the length d6 of the seventh segment 3012 can be 17mm-20mm (such as 17mm, 18.5mm, 20mm, etc.)
  • the length d8 of the eighth segment 3013 can be 16mm-19mm (such as 16mm, 17.5mm, 19mm, etc.)
  • the length d7 of the ninth segment 3014 can be 4mm-6mm (such as 4mm, 5.6mm, 6mm, etc.).
  • each second antenna branch 301 corresponds to a first antenna branch 201, and in the corresponding first antenna branch 201 and second antenna branch 301, the first feed end is arranged closer to the second feed end relative to the first open end, and the first open end is arranged closer to the second open end relative to the second feed end.
  • Such an arrangement can make the currents on the corresponding first antenna branch 201 and second antenna branch 301 be currents in the same direction.
  • the corresponding second antenna branch 301 and first antenna branch 201 can be two antenna branches that are parallel to each other and close to each other in the same plane.
  • the first open end of the previous first antenna branch 201 is arranged close to the first feeding end of the next first antenna branch 201
  • the second open end of the previous second antenna branch 301 is arranged close to the second feeding end of the next second antenna branch 301.
  • the first antenna branches 201 are arranged head to tail in the direction surrounding the geometric center line of the first dielectric column 205, and the current on the first antenna array 20 is arranged around the geometric center of the first dielectric column 205 (the current on the first antenna array 20 is arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the geometry of the first dielectric column 205); similarly, the second antenna branches 301 are arranged head to tail in the direction surrounding the geometric center line of the first dielectric column 205, and the current on the second antenna array 30 is arranged around the geometric center of the first dielectric column 205 (the current on the second antenna array 30 is arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the geometry of the first dielectric column 205).
  • the first feeding end is arranged close to the second feeding end.
  • the current directions on the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 can be made the same (such as both are arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in the geometry surrounding the first dielectric column 205).
  • the antenna assembly may further include a third capacitor 302 .
  • the second feeding end of each second antenna branch 301 is electrically coupled to a third capacitor 302 . That is, the corresponding second antenna branch 301 is fed through the third capacitor 302 .
  • the third capacitor 302 can adjust the current distribution on the second antenna branch 301 so that the current on the second antenna branch 301 is a unidirectional current, and the current amplitude on the second antenna branch 301 gradually increases from the second feeding end to the middle or approximately the middle of its extension direction.
  • the current amplitude on the second antenna branch 301 can also gradually increase from the second open end to the middle or approximately the middle of its extension direction.
  • the large current point is located in the middle of the second antenna branch 301, thereby making the second antenna branch 301 operate in a differential mode; since the middle of the second antenna branch 301 is mainly used for signal transmission and reception, the current amplitude in the middle of the second antenna branch 301 is relatively large, which can improve the gain of the second antenna branch 301 and the antenna assembly, thereby improving the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • Figure 8 shows a current distribution diagram on the second antenna branch 301.
  • the density of arrows representing the current in the figure is positively correlated with the current amplitude.
  • the third capacitor 302 can adjust the current distribution on the second antenna branch 301 so that the current amplitudes on the sixth segment 3011 and the ninth segment 3014 are smaller, and the current amplitude on the seventh segment 3012 is larger, that is, the current amplitude on the second antenna branch 301 gradually increases from the second feeding end to the middle or approximately the middle of its extension direction, and at the same time, the current amplitude on the second antenna branch 301 gradually increases from the second open end to the middle or approximately the middle of its extension direction, thereby making the second antenna branch operate in DM mode.
  • the second feeding device can include a power divider, a phase shifter, etc.
  • the second feeding device can also include a microstrip line and a coplanar waveguide line, etc.
  • the second feeding device can make the feeding signal amplitudes of each second antenna branch 301 along the direction surrounding the preset straight line L equal, and the feeding signals are sequentially separated by the same phase difference to generate a circularly polarized signal.
  • the first feeding device may include a first main phase shifter 501, a first sub-phase shifter 502, and a second sub-phase shifter 503.
  • the input end of the first main phase shifter 501 may be connected to a coaxial cable to receive a feeding signal. After the feeding signal passes through the first main phase shifter 501, two sub-feeding signals with a phase difference of 90° are formed.
  • the two sub-feeding signals are respectively transmitted to the first sub-phase shifter 502 and the second sub-phase shifter 503, and the first sub-phase shifter 502 and the second sub-phase shifter 503 are respectively transmitted to the first sub-phase shifter 502 and the second sub-phase shifter 503.
  • the two output ends of the first sub-phase shifter 502 form signals with a phase difference of 90°
  • the two output ends of the second sub-phase shifter 503 respectively form signals with a phase difference of 90°, that is, the phases of the signals output by the two output ends of the first sub-phase shifter 502 and the two output ends of the second sub-phase shifter 503 differ by 90° respectively.
  • the two output ends of the first sub-phase shifter 502 and the two output ends of the second sub-phase shifter 503 are respectively connected to each first antenna branch in the first antenna array 20, so that the first antenna array 20 generates a circularly polarized signal.
  • the second feeding device may include a second main phase shifter 601, a third sub-phase shifter 602 and a fourth sub-phase shifter 603.
  • the input end of the second main phase shifter 601 may be connected to a coaxial cable to receive a feeding signal. After the feeding signal passes through the second main phase shifter 601, two sub-feeding signals with a phase difference of 90° are formed. The two sub-feeding signals are respectively transmitted to the third sub-phase shifter 602 and the fourth sub-phase shifter 603, and signals with a phase difference of 90° are formed at two output ends of the third sub-phase shifter 602.
  • signals with a phase difference of 90° are respectively formed at two output ends of the fourth sub-phase shifter 603, that is, the phases of the signals outputted from the two output ends of the third sub-phase shifter 602 and the two output ends of the fourth sub-phase shifter 603 differ by 90° in sequence.
  • the two output ends of the third sub-phase shifter 602 and the two output ends of the fourth sub-phase shifter 603 are respectively connected to the second antenna branches in the second antenna array 30, so that the second antenna array 30 generates a circularly polarized signal.
  • the antenna assembly may further include a first feed source and a second feed source, the first feed end of each of the plurality of first antenna branches 201 is coupled to the first feed source, and the first antenna branch 201 is used to receive the signal of the first feed source to radiate in the first working frequency band; similarly, the second feed end of each of the plurality of second antenna branches 301 is coupled to the second feed source, and the second antenna branch 301 is used to receive the signal of the second feed source to radiate in the second working frequency band.
  • the first feed source may be coupled to each of the first antenna branches 201 through a first feeding device
  • the second feed source may be coupled to each of the second antenna branches 301 through a second feeding device.
  • the first feed and the second feed may include a device capable of providing a signal, such as a coaxial cable, and the first feed and the second feed may be the same or different, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the first feed and the second feed include coaxial cables
  • the first feed and the second feed are the same, that is, the first feed and the second feed may be the same coaxial cable, and if the first feed and the second feed are different, then the first feed and the second feed are different coaxial cables.
  • the third capacitor 302 can also be arranged on the second dielectric column 303, and the third capacitor 302 can be arranged between the second feeding end and the substrate 10 to improve the structural compactness of the antenna assembly.
  • the third capacitor 302 can also be arranged on the substrate 10, and accordingly, the third capacitor 302 can be connected to the corresponding second feeding end through a wire.
  • the second feeding device can be arranged on the substrate 10, and a feeding signal can be transmitted to the feeding device through a coaxial cable.
  • the second feeding device feeds each second antenna branch 301 at the same time, so that the feeding signal amplitude of each second antenna branch 301 is equal, and the feeding signals differ in sequence by the same phase difference.
  • the capacitance value of the third capacitor 302 may be 0.1pF-0.5pF.
  • the capacitance value of the third capacitor 302 may be 0.1pF, 0.25pF, 0.5pF, etc.
  • the resonant frequency of the second antenna branch 301 gradually decreases as the capacitance value of the third capacitor 302 increases.
  • the capacitance value of the third capacitor 302 may be set to 0.1pF-0.5pF, the resonant frequency of the second antenna branch 301 may be prevented from being too low due to the excessive capacitance value of the third capacitor 302 while ensuring that the second antenna branch 301 operates in the DM mode.
  • the antenna assembly may further include a fourth capacitor 305, the fourth capacitor 305 is arranged between the second open end and the conductive grounding layer 101, one electrode of the fourth capacitor 305 is connected to the second open end, and the other electrode of the fourth capacitor 305 is electrically connected to the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • the fourth capacitor 305 may be arranged on the second dielectric column 303, and the fourth capacitor 305 may be arranged between the ninth segment 3014 and the substrate 10 to further improve the structural compactness of the antenna assembly; of course, the fourth capacitor 305 may also be arranged on the substrate 10.
  • the resonant frequency of the second antenna branch 301 connected thereto may be reduced by the fourth capacitor 305, and the size (length along the extension direction) of the second antenna branch 301 may be reduced, so as to facilitate the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the capacitance value of the fourth capacitor 305 may be 0.1pF-0.5pF.
  • the capacitance value of the fourth capacitor 305 may be 0.1pF, 0.25pF, 0.5pF, etc. It is understandable that if the capacitance value of the fourth capacitor 305 is too large, it will make the impedance matching of the second antenna branch 301 more difficult.
  • the capacitance value of the fourth capacitor 305 By setting the capacitance value of the fourth capacitor 305 to 0.1pF-0.5pF, the impedance matching difficulty of the second antenna branch 301 is reduced while ensuring that the second antenna branch 301 works in the DM mode and the fourth capacitor 305 reduces the size of the second antenna branch 301.
  • the inductor 204 may also be provided between the second feeding device and the third capacitor 302, that is, the second feeding device is connected to the third capacitor 302 via the inductor 204.
  • the inductor 204 may reduce the resonant frequency of the second antenna branch 301, so as to reduce the size of the second antenna branch 301.
  • the inductance value of the inductor can be 10nH-15nH (10nH, 12.5nH, 15nH, etc.), so as to ensure that the resonant frequency of the second antenna branch 301 is reduced to reduce the size of the second antenna branch 301, while avoiding the inductance value of the inductor being too large or too small.
  • the inductor 204 can be arranged on the second dielectric pillar 303, and of course, the inductor 204 can also be arranged on the substrate 10.
  • the second dielectric column 303 may be provided with a second receiving hole 304, and the center line of the second receiving hole 304 may be arranged colinearly with the preset straight line L. In this way, the mass of the second dielectric column 303 may be reduced to achieve lightweight antenna assembly.
  • FIG10 is an active S11 curve diagram when the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 work in the frequency band of the global satellite navigation system (the horizontal axis in the figure is frequency GHz, the vertical axis is S parameter dB, and the S parameter is the active reflection coefficient).
  • the first working frequency band of the first antenna array 20 is higher than the second working frequency band of the second antenna array 30 (for example, the resonant frequency of the first antenna array 20 can be 1.58 GHz, and the resonant frequency of the second antenna array 30 can be 1.22 GHz), wherein curve B1 is the active S11 curve diagram corresponding to the first antenna array 20, and curve B2 is the active S11 curve diagram corresponding to the second antenna array 30.
  • the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 can respectively excite two differential mode resonant modes at the same time. It can be seen from FIG10 that the frequency band of the antenna assembly at this time covers 1.16 GHz-1.28 GHz and 1.55 GHz-1.61 GHz, that is, it can cover all frequency bands of the global satellite navigation system, thereby improving the bandwidth of the antenna assembly.
  • the resonant frequency corresponding to the first antenna array 20 and the resonant frequency corresponding to the second antenna array 30 have a certain difference so as not to affect the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the frequency difference between the resonant frequency point corresponding to the first antenna array 20 (the first operating frequency band of the first antenna branch 201) and the resonant frequency point corresponding to the second antenna array 30 (the second operating frequency band of the second antenna branch 301) is ⁇ 180MHz.
  • FIG. 10 corresponds to an embodiment in which the first operating frequency band of the first antenna array 20 is greater than the second operating frequency band of the second antenna array 30.
  • the first antenna array 20 located on the outside has a higher operating frequency, is less interfered by low-frequency blocking, and has a wider radiation space, thereby improving high-frequency performance, thereby improving the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the first operating frequency band of the first antenna array 20 may also be smaller than the first operating frequency band of the second antenna array 30.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not limit the operating frequency size of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30.
  • the first antenna array 20 is located at the geometric center of the conductive grounding layer 101, that is, the geometric center line of the first antenna array 20 (such as the preset straight line L) coincides with the geometric center of the conductive grounding layer 101 or has a small distance (such as 1 mm-3 mm), so that the first antenna array 20 is arranged in the middle of the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • the geometric center line of the first antenna array 20 such as the preset straight line L
  • the first antenna array 20 is arranged in the middle of the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • the conductive grounding layer 101 can be square, and accordingly, the geometric center of the square is the intersection of the diagonal lines of the square; the conductive grounding layer 101 can also be circular, and accordingly, the geometric center of the circle is the center of the circle. It can be understood that in the implementation of the conductive grounding layer 101 being an irregular shape, its geometric center is located approximately in the middle of the conductive grounding layer 101, that is, the distance between the geometric center and the edge of the conductive grounding layer 101 is approximately equal.
  • FIG12 is a gain diagram of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction when the conductive grounding layer 101 is square and the first antenna array 20 is located at the geometric center of the conductive grounding layer 101 (the horizontal axis is the frequency in GHz and the vertical axis is the gain), in which G1 is the gain curve corresponding to the first antenna array 20 and G2 is the gain curve corresponding to the second antenna array 30.
  • FIG13 is an axial ratio diagram of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 (the horizontal axis is the frequency in GHz and the vertical axis is the axial ratio), in which the axial ratio curve of the first antenna array 20 in the axial direction (zenith direction) is Z2, the axial ratio curve of the second antenna array 30 in the zenith direction is Z1, the maximum axial ratio curve of the first antenna array 20 within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction is Z4, and the maximum axial ratio curve of the second antenna array 30 within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction is Z3.
  • the first antenna array 20 can be set at a distance from the geometric center of the conductive grounding layer 101 (as shown in FIG. 1 ), that is, the geometric center line of the first antenna array 20 (such as the preset straight line L) is at a large distance from the geometric center of the conductive grounding layer 101; for example, the first antenna array 20 can be set near the edge or near the corner of the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • the shape of the antenna assembly is irregular and can adapt to irregular installation spaces, so as to facilitate the adaptation to other equipment installation spaces, that is, the performance of the antenna assembly in non-ideal environments is improved; in addition, since each first antenna branch 201 works in a differential mode, the radiation energy of the first antenna branch 201 is relatively strong and is less affected by the asymmetric switching environment, and the circular polarization effect of the antenna assembly can still be guaranteed.
  • FIG14 is a circular polarization gain diagram within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction when the first antenna array 20 is set at a position close to the edge or close to the corner of the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • G3 is the gain curve corresponding to the first antenna array 20
  • G4 is the gain curve corresponding to the second antenna array 30.
  • FIG15 is a maximum axial ratio diagram of the zenith direction and within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction when the first antenna array 20 is set at a position close to the edge or close to the corner of the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • Z5 is the axial ratio curve of the second antenna array 30 in the zenith direction
  • Z6 is the axial ratio curve of the first antenna array 20 in the zenith direction
  • Z7 is the maximum axial ratio curve of the second antenna array 30 within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction
  • Z8 is the maximum axial ratio curve of the first antenna array 20 within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a conductive ring 40, which can be disposed on a side of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 away from the substrate 10, and the conductive ring 40 is spaced apart from the first antenna array 20, and the first antenna branch 201 is used to couple a signal to the conductive ring 40.
  • the geometric center line of the conductive ring 40 can be colinearly disposed with a preset straight line L, and the conductive ring 40 can be in a circular or square shape.
  • the current direction on the conductive ring 40 is the same as the current direction of the first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301; as shown in Figure 17, the first line in the figure is a current distribution diagram on the conductive ring 40 when the second antenna array 30 couples a signal to the conductive ring 40, and the second line in the figure is a current distribution diagram on the conductive ring 40 when the first antenna array 20 couples a signal to the conductive ring 40. As shown in Figure 17, a right-hand circularly polarized signal is generated on the conductive ring 40. In terms of far-field performance, the conductive ring 40 can play a co-directional superposition effect, thereby improving the gain of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30.
  • the circularly polarized electromagnetic waves radiated by the conductive ring 40 have the same rotation direction as the circularly polarized electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30, and the current on the conductive ring 40 has the same phase change and polarization as the current on the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30, so that the circularly polarized radiation of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 on the rectangular conductive ground layer 101 is purer, which to a certain extent corrects the deterioration of the circular polarization of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 caused by the asymmetric environment, thereby reducing the axial ratio of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30.
  • the 18 is a gain comparison diagram of the first antenna array 20 and the conductive grounding layer 101, in which the first antenna array 20 is arranged at a geometric center spaced apart from each other, and the first antenna array 20 is arranged close to a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101, and is provided with a conductive ring 40 and is not provided with the conductive ring 40 (maximum gain within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction).
  • G5 is a gain curve of the second antenna array 30 when the conductive ring 40 is not provided
  • G6 is a gain curve of the first antenna array 20 when the conductive ring 40 is not provided
  • G7 is a gain curve of the second antenna array 30 when the conductive ring 40 is provided
  • G8 is a gain curve of the first antenna array 20 when the conductive ring 40 is provided. It can be seen from FIG18 that the gains of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 are significantly improved after the conductive ring 40 is provided.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an axial ratio comparison (zenith direction) of the first antenna array 20 and the conductive grounding layer 101, in which the first antenna array 20 is arranged at an interval with respect to the geometric center of the conductive grounding layer 101, and the first antenna array 20 is arranged close to a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101, and when a conductive ring 40 is provided and when a conductive ring 40 is not provided.
  • Z9 is an axial ratio diagram of the second antenna array 30 when the conductive ring 40 is provided
  • Z10 is an axial ratio diagram of the first antenna array 20 when the conductive ring 40 is provided
  • Z11 is an axial ratio diagram of the second antenna array 30 when the conductive ring 40 is not provided
  • Z12 is an axial ratio diagram of the first antenna array 20 when the conductive ring 40 is not provided.
  • FIG20 is a comparison diagram of the axial ratios of the case where the conductive ring 40 is provided and the case where the conductive ring 40 is not provided (the maximum axial ratio within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction), Z13 is an axial ratio diagram of the second antenna array 30 when the conductive ring 40 is provided, Z14 is an axial ratio diagram of the first antenna array 20 when the conductive ring 40 is provided, Z15 is an axial ratio diagram of the second antenna array 30 when the conductive ring 40 is not provided, and Z16 is an axial ratio diagram of the first antenna array 20 when the conductive ring 40 is not provided. It can be seen from FIG19 and FIG20 that the axial ratios of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 are significantly reduced after the conductive ring 40 is provided.
  • the projection of the first dielectric column 205 on the substrate 10 may be a square, and accordingly, the conductive ring may also be a square, and the side length of the conductive ring 40 may be no greater than 50 mm (such as the side length of the conductive ring 40 is 50 mm, 45 mm, 20 mm, etc.), so as to ensure that the current on the conductive ring 40 is in the same direction as the current on the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30.
  • the distance e2 between the conductive ring 40 and the first antenna branch 201 may be less than or equal to 11 mm (such as 11 mm, 5 mm, 3 mm, etc.), so that the axial ratio of the first antenna array 20 is less than 4, thereby making the antenna assembly have a higher positioning accuracy.
  • the distance e2 between the conductive ring 40 and the first antenna branch 201 is the minimum distance between the conductive ring 40 and the first antenna branch 201.
  • the minimum distance between the conductive ring 40 and the second antenna branch 301 may be less than or equal to 11 mm (eg, 11 mm, 5 mm, 3 mm, etc.), so that the conductive ring 40 also has an axial ratio optimization effect on the second antenna array 30 .
  • the conductive ring 40 can also be arranged on the side of the second antenna array 30 away from the substrate 10 (arranged directly opposite the second antenna array 30); or, the conductive ring 40 is arranged on the side of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 away from the substrate 10, and this scenario is not limited to this.
  • the conductive ring 40 in the implementation mode in which the conductive ring 40 is arranged on the side of the first antenna array 20 away from the substrate 10 (that is, the conductive ring 40 is directly opposite the first antenna array 20), the conductive ring 40 mainly improves the performance of the first antenna array 20, and in the implementation mode in which the conductive ring 40 is arranged on the side of the second antenna array 30 away from the substrate 10 (that is, the conductive ring 40 is directly opposite the second antenna array 30), the conductive ring 40 mainly improves the performance of the second antenna array 30.
  • the antenna assembly may further include a dielectric plate, which is arranged parallel to and spaced from the substrate 10, and the conductive ring 40 is arranged on the dielectric plate.
  • the conductive ring 40 can be supported and fixed by the dielectric plate.
  • the material of the conductive ring 40 may include metals such as copper and aluminum, and of course the material of the conductive ring 40 may also include other non-metallic conductive materials; in the implementation method in which the conductive ring 40 includes metal, it can be formed on the dielectric plate by electroplating, deposition, etc., and of course the conductive ring 40 can also be attached to the dielectric plate; in the implementation method in which the conductive ring 40 includes a non-metallic conductive material, it can be formed on the dielectric plate by coating, etc.
  • the telematics processor may include a housing, the housing is arranged to form a mounting cavity, the substrate 10, the first antenna array 20, and the second antenna array 30 are all arranged in the mounting cavity; the corresponding dielectric plate may also be arranged in the mounting cavity and connected to the housing to fix the dielectric plate.
  • the conductive ring 40 may be directly arranged on the housing, in which case the dielectric plate is not required, and the volume and weight of the telematics processor may be reduced.
  • each second antenna branch 301 is disposed in the first receiving hole 206, and the plane where each second antenna branch 301 is located intersects with the geometric center line of the first dielectric column 205.
  • each second antenna branch 301 extends toward the preset straight line L, that is, each second antenna branch 301 extends toward the middle of the first receiving hole 206, which can increase the distance between the second antenna branch 301 and the side wall of the first dielectric column 205, thereby increasing the distance between the first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301, thereby improving the isolation between the first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301.
  • the second antenna array 30 includes a plurality of dielectric plates 307 disposed in the first receiving hole 206, and each second antenna branch 301 is disposed on a dielectric plate 307.
  • the dielectric plates 307 can support and fix each second antenna branch 301.
  • each second antenna branch 301 can be arranged with equal central angles around the preset straight line L, that is, the angles between the planes where any adjacent second antenna branches 301 are located are equal; correspondingly, each dielectric plate 307 is arranged with equal circular angles around the preset straight line L.
  • Each dielectric plate 307 is connected at one end close to the preset straight line L.
  • each dielectric plate 307 can be connected by adhesive, and of course, each dielectric plate 307 can also be formed into an integral structure by injection molding or other processes.
  • Each dielectric plate 307 corresponds to a first antenna branch 201.
  • the number of the first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301 can be 4, and accordingly, the cross section of the first dielectric column 205 can be square, and the side wall of the first dielectric column 205 includes 4 side surfaces, each side surface corresponds to one side of the square; accordingly, there are 4 dielectric plates 307, each dielectric plate 307 corresponds to one side surface and is perpendicular to the side surface, that is, the first dielectric column 205 and each dielectric plate 307 form a " ⁇ "-shaped structure.
  • the number of the first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301 can also be 6, and accordingly, the cross section of the first dielectric column 205 can be regular hexagonal, and the side wall of the first dielectric column 205 includes 6 side surfaces, each side surface corresponds to one side of the regular hexagon; accordingly, there are 6 dielectric plates 307, each dielectric plate 307 corresponds to one side surface and is perpendicular to the side surface.
  • each second antenna branch 301 corresponds to a first antenna branch 201.
  • the second feeding end of the second antenna branch 301 is arranged away from the first antenna branch 201, that is, the second feeding end of each second antenna branch 301 is arranged close to the preset straight line L. In this way, the distance between the second feeding end and the corresponding first antenna branch 201 can be increased to further improve the isolation between the first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301.
  • first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301 may be two antenna branches whose planes are perpendicular and close to each other.
  • the structure of the first antenna array 20 may be substantially the same as the structure of the first antenna array 20 in scenario 1, and the size of each segment in the first antenna branch 201 may be different from that in scenario 1.
  • the total length of the first antenna branch 201 is 50 mm-73 mm (e.g., 50 mm, 62.7 mm, 73 mm, etc.).
  • the length d1 of the first segment 2011 may be 12 mm-17 mm (e.g., 12 mm, 15 mm, 17 mm, etc.)
  • the length and d2 of the second segment 2012 and the fifth segment 2015 may be 30 mm-38 mm (e.g., 30 mm, 34.5 mm, 38 mm, etc.)
  • the length d3 of the third segment 2013 may be 15 mm-20 mm (e.g., 15 mm, 18.5 mm, 20 mm, etc.)
  • the length d4 of the fourth segment 2014 may be 3 mm-8 mm (e.g., 3 mm, 4.7 mm, 8 mm, etc.).
  • the second antenna branch 301 structure may include a sixth segment 3011, a seventh segment 3012, and an eighth segment 3013, wherein the sixth segment 3011, the seventh segment 3012, and the eighth segment 3013 are sequentially connected, and the sixth segment 3011 and the eighth segment 3013 are located between the seventh segment 3012 and the substrate 10.
  • the second antenna branch 301 further includes a ninth segment 3014, which may be connected and extended from the end of the eighth segment 3013 and located between the sixth segment 3011 and the eighth segment 3013.
  • the total length of the second antenna branch 301 is 40 mm-62 mm (such as 40 mm, 41.5 mm, 61.5 mm, 62 mm, etc.).
  • the length d7 of the ninth segment 3014 can be 1 mm-5 mm (such as 1 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, etc.)
  • the length d8 of the eighth segment 3013 can be 19 mm-22 mm (such as 19 mm, 20.5 mm, 22 mm, etc.)
  • the length d6 of the seventh segment 3012 and the tenth segment 3015 can be 15 mm-20 mm (such as 15 mm, 17.5 mm, 20 mm, etc.).
  • the third capacitor 302 can be arranged between one end of the sixth segment 3011 close to the substrate 10 and the substrate 10, and the third capacitor 302 can be located on the dielectric plate 307, one end of the third capacitor 302 is electrically connected to the second feeding end, and the other end of the third capacitor 302 can be used to connect to the second feeding device.
  • the fourth capacitor 305 can be arranged between the ninth segment 3014 and the substrate 10, one end of the fourth capacitor 305 is electrically connected to the second open end, and the other end of the fourth capacitor 305 can be electrically connected to the conductive ground layer 101.
  • the first operating frequency band of the first antenna array 20 may be higher than the second operating frequency band of the second antenna array 30. This scenario does not limit the size relationship between the first operating frequency band of the first antenna array 20 and the second operating frequency band of the second antenna array 30.
  • the first antenna array 20 can be arranged at intervals from the geometric center of the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • the first antenna array 20 can be arranged near the edge or near the corner of the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • the shape of the antenna assembly is irregular and can adapt to irregular installation spaces so as to facilitate adaptation to other equipment installation spaces.
  • the conductive grounding layer 101 can be rectangular, and the length of the long side of the conductive grounding layer 101 can be 250mm-300mm (such as 250mm, 270mm, 300mm, etc.), and the length of the short side of the conductive grounding layer 101 can be 100mm-150mm (such as 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, etc.).
  • the geometric center line of the first antenna array 20 can be located on one side of the intersection (geometric center) of the diagonals of the rectangle, so that the first antenna array 20 is set close to a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101, wherein the distances e8 and e9 between the first dielectric column 205 and the side of the conductive grounding layer 101 close to it can be 10mm-15mm (such as 10mm, 12.5mm, 15mm, etc.).
  • FIG30 is an axial (zenith direction) axial ratio diagram of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 when the first antenna array 20 is arranged near a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101.
  • Z1 is the axial ratio diagram corresponding to the second antenna array 30
  • Z2 is the axial ratio diagram corresponding to the first antenna array 20.
  • FIG31 is a maximum axial ratio diagram of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 within ⁇ 30° of the zenith direction when the first antenna array 20 is arranged near a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101.
  • Z4 is the maximum axial ratio diagram corresponding to the second antenna array 30, and Z3 is the maximum axial ratio diagram corresponding to the first antenna array 20. It can be seen from FIG30 and FIG31 that the axial ratios of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 are both small in the L1, L2, L5, B2, and B1 frequency bands to ensure the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly may also include a conductive ring 40, which may be disposed on the side of the first antenna array 20 facing away from the substrate 10 to increase the gain of the antenna assembly and reduce the axial ratio of the antenna assembly, thereby improving the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the first antenna array 20 includes a first dielectric column 205 , which is disposed on the substrate 10 , and a geometric center line of the first dielectric column 205 is colinear with a preset straight line L.
  • a plurality of first antenna branches 201 are disposed on the sidewall of the first dielectric column 205 .
  • the first antenna branch 201 may include a first segment 2011 extending in a direction parallel to a preset straight line L, a second segment 2012 extending in a direction perpendicular to the preset straight line L, and a conductive sheet 207; the first segment 2011 is located between the second segment 2012 and the substrate 10, an end of the first segment 2011 close to the substrate 10 can be a first feeding end, an end of the first segment 2011 away from the substrate 10 is connected to an end of the second segment 2012 close to the first segment 2011, an end of the second segment 2012 away from the first segment 2011 is connected to the conductive sheet 207, an end of the conductive sheet 207 away from the second segment 2012 can be used as a first open end, and the conductive sheet 207 is spaced apart from the conductive grounding layer 101 on the substrate 10.
  • the first antenna branch 201 further includes a third segment 2013, the third segment 2013 is co-linearly arranged with the second segment 2012, the third segment 2013 is located on a side of the first segment 2011 away from the second segment 2012, and one end of the third segment 2013 close to the second segment 2012 is connected to the second segment 2012.
  • the first antenna branch 201 can be tested through the third segment 2013, so as to facilitate the testing of the first antenna branch 201.
  • the total length of the first antenna branch 201 is 40 mm-70 mm (eg, 40 mm, 48 mm, 68 mm, 70 mm, etc.).
  • the length d1 of the first segment 2011 can be 10mm-20mm (such as 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, etc.)
  • the length d2 of the second segment 2012 and the third segment 2013 can be 35mm-45mm (such as 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, etc.)
  • the length d9 of the conductive sheet 207 can be 10mm-15mm (such as 10mm, 13mm, 15mm, etc.).
  • one end of the first segment 2011 close to the substrate 10 is the first feeding end of the first antenna branch 201. Accordingly, one plate of the first capacitor 202 is electrically connected to the first feeding end, and the other plate of the first capacitor 202 can be coupled to the first feeding device, so that the first feeding device can feed the first antenna branch 201 through the first capacitor 202.
  • Figure 34 shows a current distribution diagram on the first antenna branch 201.
  • the density of arrows representing the current in the figure is positively correlated with the current amplitude.
  • the first capacitor 202 can adjust the current distribution on the first antenna branch 201 so that the current on the first antenna branch 201 is a unidirectional current, and the current amplitude on the first segment 2011 and the conductive sheet 207 is smaller, and the current amplitude on the second segment 2012 is larger, thereby making the first antenna branch 201 operate in DM mode.
  • a plurality of second antenna branches 301 are disposed on the side walls of the first dielectric column 205, that is, the first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301 are both disposed on the side walls of the first dielectric column 205. This arrangement can improve the structural compactness of the antenna assembly and further reduce the volume and mass of the antenna assembly.
  • the number of second antenna branches 301 may be the same as the number of first antenna branches 201, and each second antenna branch 301 corresponds to one first antenna branch 201. In the implementation in which the first dielectric column 205 is in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, each second antenna branch 301 is disposed on one side.
  • the antenna assembly further includes a plurality of filter capacitors 306, and the second feeding end of each second antenna branch 301 is electrically coupled to the feeding end of the first antenna branch 201 via a filter capacitor 306, that is, the second antenna branch 301 is fed via the first feeding end.
  • the first antenna branch 201 includes the first segment 2011, the second feeding end of the second antenna branch 301 can be connected to the first segment 2011 via the corresponding filter capacitor 306.
  • the second antenna branch 301 may include a sixth segment 3011 and a seventh segment 3012 connected in sequence
  • the sixth segment 3011 and the seventh segment 3012 may be arranged between the second segment 2012 and the substrate 10
  • the seventh segment 3012 is located between the sixth segment 3011 and the substrate 10
  • the sixth segment 3011 extends in a direction parallel to the substrate 10
  • the seventh segment 3012 extends in a direction parallel to the preset straight line L
  • the end of the sixth segment 3011 close to the first segment 2011 can be the second feeding end of the second antenna branch 301
  • the second feeding end is connected to the first segment 2011 through the first filter capacitor 306, and the end of the sixth segment 3011 away from the first segment 2011 is connected to the end of the seventh segment 3012 facing away from the substrate 10.
  • the second antenna branch 301 may further include an eighth segment 3013, the eighth segment 3013 is connected to the end of the seventh segment 3012, the eighth segment 3013 is located between the seventh segment 3012 and the substrate 10, and extends toward the first segment 2011 in a direction parallel to the substrate 10.
  • the end of the seventh segment 3012 may be the second open end of the second antenna branch 301.
  • the eighth segment 3013 may be the second open end of the second antenna branch 301.
  • the second antenna branch 301 is bent inwardly, which can reduce the space occupied by the second antenna branch 301 while ensuring that the second antenna branch 301 has a certain length, so as to reduce the volume of the first dielectric column 205, thereby facilitating the miniaturization of the antenna assembly.
  • the total length of the second antenna branch 301 is 45 mm-55 mm (eg, 45 mm, 48 mm, 55 mm, etc.).
  • the length d5 of the sixth segment 3011 can be 30mm-40mm (such as 30mm, 34.4mm, 40mm, etc.)
  • the length d6 of the seventh segment 3012 can be 5mm-10mm (such as 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, etc.)
  • the length d8 of the eighth segment 3013 can be 4mm-10mm (such as 4mm, 6mm, 10mm, etc.).
  • the capacitance value of the filter capacitor 306 can be 0.1pF-1pF (such as 0.1pF, 0.5pF, 1pF, etc.), and the signal can be filtered by the filter capacitor 306, so that when the first antenna branch 201 is fed through the first feeding end, the current entering the second antenna branch 301 is reduced, and when the second antenna branch 301 is fed through the first feeding end, the filter capacitor 306 can deliver most of the current to the second antenna branch 301.
  • the first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301 can be fed respectively through the first feeding end, and accordingly, only the first feeding device can be set to realize the feeding of the first antenna branch 201 and the second antenna branch 301, without setting the second feeding device, that is, the feed source for feeding the signal to the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 is the same feed source, which can simplify the structure of the system.
  • Figure 35 shows a current distribution diagram on the second antenna branch 301.
  • the density of arrows representing the current in the figure is positively correlated with the current amplitude. It can be seen from Figure 35 that when the second antenna branch 301 is fed through the first feeding end, the first capacitor 202 can adjust the current distribution on the second antenna branch 301 so that the current on the second antenna branch 301 is a unidirectional current, and the current amplitude on the sixth segment 3011 gradually increases toward the direction approaching the seventh segment 3012, and the current amplitude of the eighth segment 3013 and the seventh segment 3012 gradually increases toward the direction approaching the sixth segment 3011, thereby making the second antenna branch 301 operate in DM mode.
  • Figure 36 is an active S11 curve diagram when the first antenna array 20 operates in the global satellite navigation system frequency band, wherein the first operating frequency band of the first antenna branch 201 can be smaller than the second operating frequency band of the second antenna branch 301.
  • the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 can respectively excite two differential mode resonance modes. It can be seen from Figure 36 that the antenna assembly at this time can cover the L1, L5, B2, and B1 frequency bands of the global satellite navigation system.
  • the first antenna array 20 can be arranged at a distance from the geometric center of the conductive grounding layer 101, that is, the first antenna array 20 is arranged near the edge or near the corner of the conductive grounding layer 101.
  • the shape of the antenna assembly is irregular and can adapt to irregular installation spaces to facilitate adaptation to other equipment installation spaces.
  • the conductive grounding layer 101 can be rectangular, and the length of the long side of the conductive grounding layer 101 can be 250mm-300mm (such as 250mm, 270mm, 300mm, etc.), and the length of the short side of the conductive grounding layer 101 can be 100mm-150mm (such as 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, etc.).
  • the geometric center of the first antenna array 20 can be located on one side of the intersection (center) of the diagonals of the rectangle, so that the first antenna array 20 is set close to a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101, wherein the distances e8 and e9 between the first dielectric column 205 and the side of the conductive grounding layer 101 close to it can be 10mm-15mm (such as 10mm, 12.5mm, 15mm, etc.).
  • FIG37 is a gain diagram of the first antenna array 20 when the first antenna array 20 is arranged near a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101 (maximum gain within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction). It can be seen from the figure that the first antenna array 20 has a higher gain in the L1, L5, B2, and B1 frequency bands, so that the antenna assembly has a higher positioning accuracy.
  • FIG38 is an axial (zenith direction) axis ratio diagram of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 when the first antenna array 20 is arranged near a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101.
  • Z1 is the axis ratio curve corresponding to the first antenna array 20
  • Z2 is the axis ratio curve corresponding to the second antenna array 30.
  • FIG39 is a maximum axis ratio diagram of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 within ⁇ 30° in the zenith direction when the first antenna array 20 is arranged near a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101.
  • Z3 is the maximum axis ratio curve corresponding to the first antenna array 20
  • Z4 is the maximum axis ratio curve corresponding to the second antenna array 30. It can be seen from Figures 37 to 39 that in the L1, L5, B2, and B1 frequency bands, the axial ratios of the first antenna array 20 and the second antenna array 30 are relatively small to ensure the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the structure of the first antenna array 20 in this scenario can be roughly the same as the first antenna array 20 in scenario two.
  • the difference is that the total length of the first antenna branch 201 is 50mm-80mm (such as 50mm, 54.7mm, 74.7mm, 80mm, etc.).
  • the length d1 of the first segment 2011 can be 15mm-20mm (such as 15mm, 17mm, 20mm, etc.)
  • the length and d2 of the second segment 2012 and the fifth segment 2015 can be 30mm-40mm (such as 30mm, 34.5mm, 40mm, etc.)
  • the length d3 of the third segment 2013 can be 15mm-20mm (such as 15mm, 18.5mm, 20mm, etc.)
  • the length d4 of the fourth segment 2014 can be 1mm-10mm (such as 1mm, 4.7mm, 10mm, etc.).
  • the end of the first segment 2011 away from the second segment 2012 can be the first feeding end of the first antenna branch 201, and the first capacitor 202 is electrically connected to the first feeding end, and the first feeding end is fed through the first capacitor 202.
  • FIG42 shows a current distribution diagram on the first antenna branch 201, in which the arrow density indicating the current is positively correlated with the magnitude of the current amplitude.
  • the first capacitor 202 can adjust the current distribution on the first antenna branch 201 so that the current on the first antenna branch 201 is a unidirectional current, and the current amplitudes on the first segment 2011 and the fourth segment 2014 are smaller than the current amplitude on the second segment 2012, thereby making the first antenna branch work in DM mode.
  • the antenna assembly also includes a conductive plate 308, which is arranged parallel to and spaced from the substrate 10.
  • the first antenna array 20 is arranged between the conductive plate 308 and the substrate 10, and the projection of the conductive plate 308 on the substrate 10 is located in the area surrounded by the projections of the plurality of first antenna branches 201 on the substrate 10.
  • the conductive plate 308 can be in a positive direction, a circular shape, etc., and the material of the conductive plate 308 can include metals such as copper and aluminum.
  • the conductive plate 308 is spaced from the first antenna array 20.
  • the distance e3 between the conductive plate 308 and the first antenna array 20 can be 1mm-5mm (such as 1mm, 2.5mm, 5mm, etc.).
  • a plurality of slits 309 are arranged on the conductive plate 308, each slit 309 penetrates the conductive plate 308, and each slit 309 corresponds to a first antenna branch 201, that is, each slit 309 surrounds a preset straight line L and has a central angle setting.
  • the slits 309 extend on the conductive plate 308, so that the slits 309 and the conductive plate 308 around them form a slot antenna, and each slot antenna surrounds a preset straight line L and has a central angle setting.
  • Each slit 309 corresponds to the position of a first antenna branch 201, and illustratively, each slit 309 is close to a first antenna branch 201, so that the first antenna branch 201 can couple a signal to the conductive plate 308; that is, each first antenna branch 201 can couple a signal to a slot antenna corresponding thereto, so that each slot antenna generates a circularly polarized signal, that is, the conductive plate 308 generates a circularly polarized signal.
  • the slot antenna in the conductive plate 308 and the corresponding first antenna branch 201 can be fed through the same first feeding terminal. Accordingly, the slot antenna and the first antenna branch 201 can be fed only through the first feeding device, and there is no need to set up a second feeding device. That is, the feed source for feeding signals to the first antenna array 20 and the slot antenna is the same feed source, which simplifies the system structure.
  • the strip seam 309 may include a first seam body 3091, a second seam body 3092 and a third seam body 3093 which are connected in sequence from close to a preset straight line L to the outside, the first seam body 3091 and the third seam body 3093 are arranged perpendicular to the corresponding side walls of the first dielectric column 205, the second seam body 3092 is located between the first seam body 3091 and the third seam body 3093, and the second seam body 3092 is arranged parallel to the corresponding side walls of the first dielectric column 205, and the end of the third seam body 3093 is connected to the outside of the conductive plate 308.
  • the width e4 of the slit 309 can be 0.5mm-1.5mm (such as 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, etc.)
  • the length e5 of the first seam body 3091 can be 3mm-8mm (such as 3mm, 5mm, 8mm, etc.)
  • the length e6 of the second seam body 3092 can be 9mm-13mm (such as 9mm, 11mm, 13mm, etc.)
  • the length e7 of the third seam body 3093 can be 25mm-35mm (such as 25mm, 29.5mm, 35mm, etc.).
  • the slit 309 is bent and extended on the conductive plate 308 , which can reduce the space occupied by the slit 309 while ensuring that the slit 309 has a sufficient length.
  • the conductive plate 308 can be formed by electroplating, deposition, etc., and the slits 309 on the conductive plate 308 are formed at the same time as the conductive plate 308 is formed.
  • part of the material can also be removed by etching after the conductive plate 308 is formed to form the slits 309.
  • the first operating frequency band of the first antenna array 20 can be lower than the operating frequency of each slot antenna.
  • FIG44 shows the current distribution diagram on each slot antenna when the first antenna branch 201 couples the signal to the conductive plate 308.
  • the arrow density of the current in the figure is positively correlated with the current amplitude.
  • the current amplitude of the slot 309 gradually decreases from the inside to the outside, thereby making each slot antenna work in a common mode (CM mode for short).
  • CM mode common mode for short
  • the first antenna array 20 and each slot antenna have the same polarization direction. Compared with the first antenna array 20 and each slot antenna having different polarization directions, the first antenna array 20 and each slot antenna have the same polarization direction, which makes the antenna assembly have higher gain and lower axial ratio, thereby improving the performance of the antenna assembly.
  • the current distribution in the antenna branches is as follows: the current directions are the same, and the current amplitude gradually decreases from the feeding end to the grounding end.
  • Figure 45 is an active S11 curve diagram of the first antenna array 20 when operating in the global satellite navigation system frequency band, wherein the first operating frequency band of the first antenna branch 201 is smaller than the operating frequency of each slot antenna.
  • the first antenna array 20 can excite differential mode resonance, while at the same time each slot antenna excites common mode resonance. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna assembly at this time can cover the L1, L5, L2, B2, and B1 frequency bands of the global satellite navigation system.
  • the conductive grounding layer 101 may be rectangular, the length of the long side of the conductive grounding layer 101 may be 250 mm-300 mm (such as 250 mm, 271 mm, 300 mm, etc.), and the length of the short side of the conductive grounding layer 101 may be 100 mm-150 mm (such as 100 mm, 120 mm, 150 mm, etc.).
  • the first antenna array 20 may be arranged at intervals from the intersection (geometric center) of the diagonal of the rectangle, so that the first antenna array 20 is arranged close to a vertex of the rectangular conductive grounding layer 101, wherein the distances e8 and e9 between the first dielectric column 205 and the side of the conductive grounding layer 101 close thereto may be 10 mm-15 mm (such as 10 mm, 12.5 mm, 15 mm, etc.).
  • the first dielectric column 205 may be in the shape of a cuboid, and the projection of the first dielectric column 205 on the substrate 10 is in the shape of a square. Accordingly, the sidewall of the first dielectric column 205 has four side surfaces, each side surface corresponds to one side of the square, and each first antenna branch 201 is disposed on a side surface. Each side surface of the first dielectric column 205 corresponds to a side surface of a second dielectric column 303, so that each first antenna branch 201 corresponds to a second antenna branch 301.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

一种天线组件、通信设备及车辆，旨在解决天线组件的增益较低的问题。该天线组件中，第一天线阵列包括多个第一天线枝节和多个第一电容，每一第一电容与一个第一天线枝节的第一馈电端电连接，每一第一天线枝节通过对应的第一电容馈电，第一电容可以用于使得第一天线枝节上的电流分布为同向电流，并且电流大点在第一天线枝节的中部，可以提高第一天线枝节及天线组件的增益，进而提高了天线组件性能。

Description

天线组件、通信设备及车辆
本申请要求于2023年06月20日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202310743023.0、申请名称为“天线组件、通信设备及车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信技术领域，具体涉及一种天线组件、通信设备及车辆。
背景技术
车辆、船舶等设备上一般设置有天线组件，通过天线组件可以进行信号发送和接收，以实现定位或者无线通信等功能。相关技术中，天线组件包括地板以及设置在地板一侧的天线枝节，天线枝节上设置有馈电点和接地点，接地点与金属地板电连接以接地，通过馈电点向天线枝节馈电。相关技术中，天线组件的增益较低，通信性能较差。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种天线组件、通信设备及车辆，可以增大天线组件的增益。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种天线组件包括：基板、第一天线阵列以及第一电容，基板上设置有导电接地层；第一天线阵列设置在导电接地层上，第一天线阵列包括多个第一天线枝节，每一第一天线枝节所在的平面与基板之间具有第一预设夹角；第一电容为多个，多个第一天线枝节中的每一个包括第一馈电端和第一开放端，每一第一电容与一个第一天线枝节的第一馈电端耦合。
通过上述设置，第一电容可以调节第一天线枝节上的电流分布，以使得第一天线枝节上的电流为同向电流，并且使第一天线枝节上的电流由第一馈电端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大，同时还可以使得第一天线枝节上的电流由第一开放端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大，即电流大点在第一天线枝节的中部，进而使得第一天线枝节工作在差模模式，第一天线枝节的中部主要进行信号的发射和接收，第一天线枝节中部的电流较大，可以提高第一天线枝节及天线组件的增益，进而提高了天线组件性能。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一电容的电容值可以为0.1pF-0.5pF，示例性的，第一电容的电容值可以为0.1pF、0.25pF、0.5pF等。第一天线枝节的谐振频率随着第一电容的电容增大而逐渐减小，通过使第一电容的电容值为0.1pF-0.5pF，可以在保证第一天线枝节工作在差模模式的同时，避免第一电容的电容过大导致的第一天线枝节谐振频率过低。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括：第二电容，第二电容为多个，每一第一天线枝节的第一开放端通过一个第二电容与导电接地层电耦合。如此设置，通过第二电容可以降低与其连接的第一天线枝节的谐振频率，进而可以减小第一天线枝节的尺寸(沿延伸方向的长度)，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一馈电端和第一开放端为第一天线枝节沿其延伸方向相对的两端。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一天线枝节在第一馈电端和第一开放端之间的电流为同向电流，第一天线枝节上的电流由第一馈电端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大，并且第一天线枝节上的电流由第一开放端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大。如此设置，使得第一天线枝节工作在差模模式，第一天线枝节的中部主要进行信号的发射和接收，可以提高第一天线枝节及天线组件的增益，进而提高了天线组件性能。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第二电容的电容值可以为0.1pF-0.5pF，示例性的，第二电容的电容值可以为0.1pF、0.25pF、0.5pF等。可以理解的是，第二电容的电容过大，会导致第一天线枝节的阻抗匹配较为困难，通过使第二电容的电容值为0.1pF-0.5pF，在保证第一天线枝节工作在DM模式，并且第二电容减小第一天线枝节的尺寸的前提下，降低了第一天线枝节的阻抗匹配难度。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括：电感，电感为多个，每一第一电容的一端与一个第一天线枝节的第一馈电端电连接，每一第一电容的另一端与一个电感电连接。通过上述设置，电感可以降低与其对应的第一天线枝节的谐振频率，进而可以减小第一天线枝节的尺寸，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，电感的电感值可以为10nH-15nH(10nH、12.5nH、15nH等)，以在保证降低第一天线枝节的谐振频率，以降低第一天线枝节尺寸的同时，避免电感的电感值过大或者过小。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括第一馈源，其中，多个第一天线枝节中的每一个的第一馈电端均与第一馈源耦合，第一天线枝节用于接收第一馈源的信号以在第一工作频段辐射。如此设置，通过第一馈源可以向第一天线枝节辐射信号。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，相邻第一天线枝节的第一馈电端接收的信号的相位差相等，以使得第一天线阵列产生圆极化信号。如此设置，使第一天线阵列可以接收任意极化方向的信号，提高了天线组件的通用性。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括：第二馈源以及第二天线阵列，第二天线阵列包括多个第二天线枝节，每一第二天线枝节所在的平面与基板之间具有第二预设夹角；多个第二天线枝节中的每一个包括第二馈电端，多个第二馈电端均与第二馈源耦合，第二天线枝节用于接收第二馈源的信号以在第二工作频段辐射；第一工作频段和第二工作频段的频率不同。以使得第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列激励的谐振频率不等，即第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列覆盖的频段不同，以增大天线组件的覆盖频率，提高了天线组件的带宽。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括：第三电容，第三电容为多个，每一第二天线枝节的第二馈电端与一个第三电容耦合。如此设置，第三电容可以调节第二天线枝节上的电流分布，以使得第二天线枝节上的电流为同向电流，并且使第二天线枝节上的电流由第二馈电端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部逐渐增大，同时还可以使得第二天线枝节上的电流由第二开放端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部逐渐增大，进而使得第二天线枝节工作在差模模式，进而提高了第二天线枝节及整个天线组件的带宽，提高了天线组件性能。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第三电容的电容值可以为0.1pF-0.5pF，示例性的，第三电容的电容值可以为0.1pF、0.25pF、0.5pF等。第二天线枝节的谐振频率随着第三电容的电容值增大而逐渐减小，通过使第三电容的电容值为0.1pF-0.5pF，可以在保证第二天线枝节工作在差模模式的同时，避免第三电容的电容值过大导致的第二天线枝节谐振频率过低。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括：第四电容，第四电容为多个，多个第二天线枝节中的每一个还包括第二开放端，每一第二天线枝节的第二开放端通过一个第四电容与导电接地层耦合。如此设置，通过第四电容可以降低与其连接的第二天线枝节的谐振频率，进而可以减小第二天线枝节的尺寸(沿延伸方向的长度)，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第四电容的电容值可以为0.1pF-0.5pF，示例性的，第四电容的电容值可以为0.1pF、0.25pF、0.5pF等。可以理解的是，第四电容的电容值过大，会导致第二天线枝节的阻抗匹配较为困难，通过使第四电容的电容值为0.1pF-0.5pF，在保证第二天线枝节工作在DM模式，并且第四电容减小第二天线枝节的尺寸的前提下，降低了第二天线枝节的阻抗匹配难度。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第二馈电端和第二开放端为第二天线枝节沿延伸方向相对的两端。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第二天线枝节在第二馈电端和第二开放端之间的电流为同向电流，第二天线枝节上的电流由第二馈电端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大，并且第二天线枝节上的电流由第二开放端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大。如此设置，使得第二天线枝节工作在差模模式，进而提高了第二天线枝节及整个天线组件的带宽，提高了天线组件性能。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，在第二馈电设备和第三电容之间也可以设置有电感，即第二馈电设备通过电感与第三电容连接。通过电感可以降低第二天线枝节的谐振频率，以降低第二天线枝节尺寸。电感的电感值可以为10nH-15nH(10nH、12.5nH、15nH等)，以在保证降低第二天线枝节的谐振频率，以降低第二天线枝节尺寸的同时，避免电感的电感值过大或者过小。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一天线阵列还包括：第一介电柱，第一介电柱设置在基板上，多个第一天线枝节设置在第一介电柱的侧壁上。如此设置，通过第一介电柱可以实现对第一天线枝节的固定和支撑，以提高天线组件的结构稳定性。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一介电柱上设置有第一容置孔，第一介电柱的几何中心线，与第一容置孔的几何中心线共线，第二天线阵列设置在第一容置孔内。如此设置，可以避免第二天线阵列占用空间，以降低天线组件的体积，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第二天线阵列还包括第二介电柱，第二介电柱设置第一容置孔内，第二介电柱的几何中心线与第一介电柱的几何中心线共线，多个第二天线枝节设置在第二介电柱的侧壁上。通过第二介电柱可以实现对第二天线枝节的固定和支撑，以提高天线组件的结构稳定性。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第二介电柱上设置有第二容置孔，第二容置孔的中心线与预设直线共线。如此设置，可以减小第二介电柱的质量，以实现天线组件的轻量化。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，每一第二天线枝节与一个第一天线枝节对应，相对应的第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节中，相对于第一开放端，第一馈电端更加靠近第二馈电端设置；相对于第二馈电端，第一开放端更加靠近第二开放端设置。如此设置，可以使得相对应的第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节上的电流为同向电流。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，相邻两个第一天线枝节中，前一第一天线枝节的第一开放端靠近后一第一天线枝节的第一馈电端设置，相邻两个第二天线枝节中，前一第二天线枝节的第二开放端靠近后一第二天线枝节的第二馈电端设置。如此设置，沿环绕第一介电柱几何中心线的方向各第一天线枝节首尾依次设置，第一天线阵列上的电流环绕第一介电柱的几何中心设置(第一天线阵列上的电流环绕第一介电柱的几何中顺时针或者逆时针设置)；相类似的，各第二天线枝节首尾依次设置，环绕第一介电柱几何中心线的方向各第二天线枝节首尾依次设置，第二天线阵列上的电流环绕第一介电柱的几何中心设置(第二天线阵列上的电流环绕第一介电柱的几何中顺时针或者逆时针设置)。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，每一第二天线枝节与一个第一天线枝节对应，相对应的第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节之间的最小距离大于等于1mm。如此设置，避免相对应的第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节之间的距离过小，而影响第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节的轴比以及谐振。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，各第一天线枝节相对于第一介电柱的几何中心线中心对称；各第二天线枝节相对于第二介电柱的几何中心线中心对称。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一工作频段的频率大于第二工作频段的频率。如此设置，位于外侧的第一天线阵列工作频率较高，受低频阻隔干扰较小，其辐射空间更为开阔，因此可以提高高频性能，进而提高天线组件的性能。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，各第二天线枝节均设置在第一容置孔内，各第二天线枝节所在的平面相交于第一介电柱的几何中心线。如此设置，各第二天线枝节向第一容置孔的中部延伸，可以增大第二天线枝节与第一介电柱的侧壁之间的距离，进而增大第一天线枝节与第二天线枝节之间的距离，进而提高第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节之间的隔离度。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第二天线阵列包括设置在第一容置孔内的多个介电板，每一第二天线枝节设置在一个介电板上。通过介电板可以实现对各第二天线枝节的支撑和固定。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，每一第二天线枝节与一个第一天线枝节对应，相对应的第二天线枝节和第一天线枝节中，第二天线枝节的第二馈电端远离第一天线枝节设置。如此设置，可以增大第二馈电端与对应的第一天线枝节之间的距离，以进一步提高第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节之间的隔离度。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一工作频段小于第二工作频段。由于，各第二天线枝节向第一容置孔的中部延伸，进而提高了第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节之间的隔离度；因此可以保证天线组件的性能。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一工作频段的频率与第二工作频段的频率的差值大于等于180MHz。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括导电环，导电环设置在第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列背离所述基板的一侧，导电环与第一天线枝节之间的距离小于等于11mm。导电环内的感应电流方向与第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节的电流方向相同，在远场性能上，导电环可以起到同向的叠加效果，进而提高了第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的增益。另外，导电环辐射的圆极化电磁波与第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列辐射的圆极化电磁波旋向相同，导电环上的电流与第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列上的电流相位变化相同、且极化相同，使第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在长方形导电接地层上的圆极化辐射更纯，一定程度上纠正了不对称环境对第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列圆极化的恶化，因此能降低第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的轴比。
可以理解的是，在导电环设置在第一天线阵列背离基板的一侧(即导电环正对第一天线阵列)的实现方式中，导电环主要提高第一天线阵列的性能，在导电环设置在第二天线阵列背离基板的一侧(即导电环正对第二天线阵列)的实现方式中，导电环主要提高第二天线阵列的性能。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括介质板，介质板与基板平行且间隔的设置，导电环设置在介质板上。如此设置，通过介质板可以实现导电环的支撑和固定。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件设置在远程信息处理器上，远程信息处理器可以包括外壳，外壳围设成安装腔体，基板、第一天线阵列、第二天线阵列均设置在安装腔体内；相应的介质板也可以设置在安装腔体内，并与外壳连接，以实现对介质板的固定。当然，在其他的实现方式中，导电环可以直接设置在外壳上，此时不需设置介质板，可以减小远程信息处理的体积和质量。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一天线阵列位于与导电接地层的几何中心上。如此设置，使得天线组件处于对称的环境中，可以提高天线组件的圆极化效果。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一天线阵列与导电接地层的几何中心间隔的设置。如此设置，天线组件的形状不规则，可以适应不规则的安装空间，以便于适配其他的设备安装空间，即提升了天线组件在非理想环境下的性能；另外，由于各第一天线枝节工作在差模模式，第一天线枝节的辐射能量较强，受不对称换环境的影响较小，仍可以保证天线组件的圆极化效果。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括多个滤波电容，每一第二天线枝节的第二馈电端通过一个滤波电容与一个第一天线枝节的第一馈电端电耦合。如此设置，通过第一馈电端可以分别向第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节馈电，相应的，可以只设置第一馈电设备即可实现第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节的馈电，无需设置第二馈电设备，可以简化系统的结构。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，滤波电容的电容值可以为0.1pF-1pF(如0.1pF、0.5pF、1pF等)。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，第一天线阵列还包括：第一介电柱，第一介电柱设置在基板上，多个第一天线枝节和多个第二天线枝节均设置在第一介电柱的侧壁上。如此设置，可以提高天线组件的结构紧凑性，进一步减小了天线组件的体积和质量。
在可以包括上述实施例的一些实施例中，天线组件还包括导电板，导电板与基板平行且间隔的设置，第一天线阵列位于导电板和基板之间，导电板和第一天线阵列间隔的设置，导电板在基板上的投影位于多个第一天线枝节在基板上的投影围成的区域内；导电板上设置有多个条缝，每一条缝与一个第一天线枝节对应，第一天线枝节用于向导电板耦合信号。条缝在导电板上延伸，以使得条缝和其周围的导电板构成缝隙天线，各缝隙天线环绕预设直线等圆心角的设置。每一条缝与一个第一天线枝节的位置对应，第一天线枝节用于向导电板耦合信号；也就是说，每一第一天线枝节可以向与其对应的一个缝隙天线耦合信号。
通过上述设置，导电板中的缝隙天线与对应的第一天线枝节可以通过同一第一馈电端进行馈电，相应的，仅通过第一馈电设备即可实现对缝隙天线和第一天线枝节的馈电，无需设置第二馈电设备，简化了系统结构。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种通信设备，包括外壳以及任一实施例中的天线组件，外壳围设成安装腔体，天线组件设置在安装腔体内。
本申请实施例提供的通信设备，包括上述任一实施例中的天线组件，因此二者能够解决相同的技术问题，并实现相同的技术效果。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供一种车辆，包括车体以及如上所述的通信设备，通信设备设置在车体上。
本申请实施例提供的车辆，包括上述任一实施例中的通信设备，因此二者能够解决相同的技术问题，并实现相同的技术效果。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的天线组件的装配结构示意图一；
图2为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线枝节的结构示意图一；
图3为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线枝节的结构示意图二；
图4为本申请实施例提供的天线组件的爆炸图一；
图5为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线枝节上的电流分布图一；
图6为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第二天线枝节的结构示意图一；
图7为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节馈电相位图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第二天线枝节上的电流分布图一；
图9为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列的射频框图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中有源S11曲线图一；
图11为本申请实施例提供的天线组件的装配结构示意图二；
图12为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在天顶方向±30°内的增益图一；
图13为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在天顶方向的轴比图一；
图14为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在天顶方向±30°内的增益图二；
图15为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在天顶方向和天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中导电环内的感应电流方向与第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节的电流方向图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中导电环上的电流分布图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中设置导电环前后的增益对比图；
图19为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中设置导电环前后天顶方向轴比对比图；
图20为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中设置导电环前后天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比对比图；
图21为本申请实施例提供的天线组件的爆炸图二；
图22为本申请实施例提供的天线组件的装配结构示意图三；
图23为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线枝节的结构示意图三；
图24为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线枝节上的电流分布图二；
图25为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第二天线枝节的结构示意图二；
图26为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第二天线枝节上的电流分布图二；
图27为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中有源S11曲线图二；
图28为本申请实施例提供的天线组件的结构示意图四；
图29为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的增益图一；
图30为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在天顶方向的轴比图二；
图31为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在±30°内的最大轴比图一；
图32为本申请实施例提供的天线组件的结构示意图五；
图33为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线枝节和第二天线枝节的结构示意图；
图34为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中通过第一馈电端向第一天线枝节馈电时的电流分布图；
图35为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中通过第一馈电端向第二天线枝节馈电时的电流分布图；
图36为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中有源S11曲线图三；
图37为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列的增益图二；
图38为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在天顶方向的轴比图三；
图39为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列在±30°内的最大轴比图二；
图40为本申请实施例提供的天线组件的结构示意图六；
图41为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线枝节的结构示意图四；
图42为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线枝节上的电流分布图三；
图43为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中导电板的结构示意图；
图44为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中导电板上的电流分布图；
图45为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中有源S11曲线图四；
图46为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列和缝隙天线的增益图；
图47为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列在天顶方向的轴比图；
图48为本申请实施例提供的天线组件中第一天线阵列在天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比图；
图49为本申请实施例提供的天线组件的结构示意图七；
图50为本申请实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图一；
图51为本申请实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图二。
附图标记说明：
10：基板；20：第一天线阵列；30：第二天线阵列；40：导电环；50：第一馈电设备；60：
第二馈电设备；100：车体；101：导电接地层；110：扰流板；120：鲨鱼鳍天线；201：第一天线枝节；202：第一电容；203：第二电容；204：电感；205：第一介电柱；206：第一容置孔；207：导电片；301：第二天线枝节；302：第三电容；303：第二介电柱；304：第二容置孔；305：第四电容；306：滤波电容；307：介电板；308：导电板；309：条缝；501：第一主移相器；502：第一副移相器；503：第二副移相器；601：第二主移相器；602：第三副移相器；603：第四副移相器；2011：第一节段；2012：第二节段；2013：第三节段；2014：第四节段；2015：第五节段；3011：第六节段；3012：第七节段；3013：第八节段；3014：第九节段；3015：第十节段；3016：馈电枝节；3017：第一横向枝节；3018：第二横向枝节。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
以下，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
此外，本申请实施例中，“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“水平”以及“竖直”等方位术语是相对于附图中的部件示意置放的方位来定义的，应当理解到，这些方向性术语是相对的概念，它们用于相对于的描述和澄清，其可以根据附图中部件所放置的方位的变化而相应地发生变化。
在本申请实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接、电连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。
耦合：可理解为直接耦合和/或间接耦合，“耦合连接”可理解为直接耦合连接和/或间接耦合连接。直接耦合又可以称为“电连接”，理解为元器件物理接触并电导通；也可理解为线路构造中不同元器件之间通过印制电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)铜箔或导线等可传输电信号的实体线路进行连接的形式；“间接耦合”可理解为两个导体通过隔空/不接触的方式电导通。在一个实施例中，间接耦合也可以称为电容耦合，例如通过两个导电件间隔的间隙之间的耦合形成等效电容来实现信号传输。
电容：可理解为集总电容和/或分布电容。集总电容指的是呈容性的元器件，例如电容元件；分布电容(或分布式电容)指的是两个导电件间隔一定间隙而形成的等效电容。
电感：可理解为集总电感和/或分布电感。集总电感指的是呈感性的元器件，例如电感元件；分布电感(或分布式电感)指的是通过一定长度的导电件(如导电片、导线等)而形成的等效电感，例如导体由于卷曲或旋转而形成的等效电感。
辐射体，或天线枝节：是天线中用于接收/发送电磁波辐射的装置。在某些情况下，狭义来理解“天线”即为辐射体，其将来自发射机的导波能量较变为无线电波，或者将无线电波转换为导波能量，用来辐射和接收无线电波。发射机所产生的已调制的高频电流能量(或导波能量)经馈电线传输到发射辐射体，通过辐射体将其转换为某种极化的电磁波能量，并向所需方向辐射出去。接收辐射体将来自空间特定方向的某种极化的电磁波能量又转换为已调制的高频电流能量，经馈电线输送到接收机输入端。
辐射体(或天线枝节)可以包括具有特定形状和尺寸的导体，例如线状、或片状等，本申请不限定具体的形状。在一个实施例中，线状辐射体可以简称为线天线。在一个实施例中，线状辐射体可以由导电边框实现，又可以称作为边框天线。在一个实施例中，线状辐射体可以由支架导体实现，又可以称作为支架天线。在一个实施例中，线状辐射体，或线天线的辐射体的线径(例如，包括厚度和宽度)远比波长(例如，介质波长)小(例如，小于波长的1/16)，长度可与波长(例如，介质波长)相比(例如，长度为波长的1/8附近，或1/8至1/4，或1/4至1/2，或更长)。线天线的主要形式有偶极子天线、半波振子天线、单极子天线、环天线、倒F天线(又称IFA，Inverted F Antenna)。例如，对于偶极子天线而言，每个偶极子天线通常包括两个辐射枝节，每个枝节由馈电部从辐射枝节的馈电端进行馈电。例如，倒F天线(Inverted-F Antenna,IFA)可以看作是由单极子天线增加一个接地路径得到。IFA天线具有一个馈电点和一个接地点，由于其侧视图为倒F形，所以被称为倒F天线。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体可以包括微带天线，或贴片(patch)天线，例如平面倒F天线(又称PIFA，Planar Inverted F Antenna)。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体可以由平面状导体(例如导电片或导电涂层等)实现。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体可以包括导电片，例如铜片等。在一个实施例中，片状辐射体可以包括导电涂层，例如银浆等。片状辐射体的形状包括圆形、矩形、环形等，本申请不限定具体的形状。微带天线的结构一般由介质基板、辐射体及地板构成，其中介质基板设置于辐射体与地板之间。
辐射体(或天线枝节)也可以包括形成在导体上的槽或者缝隙，例如，在接地的导体面上形成封闭或半封闭的槽或缝。在一个实施例中，开槽或开缝的辐射体可以简称为槽天线或缝隙天线。在一个实施例中，槽天线/缝隙天线的槽或缝的径向尺寸(例如，包括宽度)远比波长(例如，介质波长)小(例如，小于波长的1/16)，长度尺寸可与波长(例如，介质波长)相比(例如，长度为波长的1/8附近，或1/8至1/4，或1/4至1/2，或更长)。在一个实施例中，具有封闭槽或缝的辐射体可以简称为闭合槽天线。在一个实施例中，具有半封闭的槽或缝(例如在封闭的槽或缝上增设开口)的辐射体可以简称为开口槽天线。在一些实施例中，缝隙形状是长条形的。在一些实施例中，缝隙的长度约为半个波长(例如，介质波长)。在一些实施例中，缝隙的长度约为整数倍个波长(例如，一倍的介质波长)。在一些实施例中，缝隙可用跨接在它的一边或两边上的传输线馈电，由此，缝隙上激励有射频电磁场，并向空间辐射电磁波。在一个实施例中，槽天线或缝隙天线的辐射体可以由两端接地的导电边框实现，又可以称作为边框天线；在此实施例中，可以看作是，槽天线或缝隙天线包括线状辐射体，线状辐射体与地板间隔设置并在辐射体的两端接地，从而形成封闭或半封闭的槽或缝隙。在一个实施例中，槽天线或缝隙天线的辐射体可以由两端接地的支架导体实现，又可以称作为支架天线。
地/地板：可泛指电子设备(比如手机)内任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层等的至少一部分，或者上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地部件等的任意组合的至少一部分，“地/地板”可用于电子设备内元器件的接地。一个实施例中，“地/地板”可以包括以下任一个或多个：电子设备的电路板的接地层、电子设备中框形成的接地板、屏幕下方的金属薄膜形成的接地金属层、电池的导电接地层，和与上述接地层/接地板/金属层有电连接的导电件或金属件。一个实施例中，电路板可以是印刷电路板(printed circuit board，PCB)，例如具有8、10、12、13或14层导电材料的8层、10层或12至14层板，或者通过诸如玻璃纤维、聚合物等之类的介电层或绝缘层隔开和电绝缘的元件。一个实施例中，电路板包括介质基板、接地层和走线层，走线层和接地层通过过孔进行电连接。一个实施例中，诸如显示器、触摸屏、输入按钮、发射器、处理器、存储器、电池、充电电路、片上系统(system on chip，SoC)结构等部件可以安装在电路板上或连接到电路板；或者电连接到电路板中的走线层和/或接地层。例如，射频源设置于走线层。
上述任何接地层、或接地板、或接地金属层由导电材料制得。一个实施例中，该导电材料可以采用以下材料中的任一者：铜、铝、不锈钢、黄铜和它们的合金、绝缘基片上的铜箔、绝缘基片上的铝箔、绝缘基片上的金箔、镀银的铜、绝缘基片上的镀银铜箔、绝缘基片上的银箔和镀锡的铜、浸渍石墨粉的布、涂覆石墨的基片、镀铜的基片、镀黄铜的基片和镀铝的基片。本领域技术人员可以理解，接地层/接地板/接地金属层也可由其它导电材料制得。
接地：是指通过任何方式与上述地/地板实现耦合。在一个实施例中，接地可以是通过实体接地，例如通过中框的部分结构件实现边框上特定位置的实体接地(或者称为，实体地)。在一个实施例中，接地可以是通过器件接地，例如通过串联或并联的电容/电感/电阻等器件接地(或者称为，器件地)。
谐振频段：谐振频率的范围是谐振频段，谐振频段内任一频点的回波损耗特性可以小于-6dB或-5dB。
通信频段/工作频段：无论何种类型的天线，总是在一定的频率范围(频段宽度)内工作。例如，支持B40频段的天线，其工作频段包括2300MHz～2400MHz范围内的频率，或者是说，该天线的工作频段包括B40频段。满足指标要求的频率范围可以看作天线的工作频段。工作频段的宽度称为工作带宽。全向天线的工作带宽可能达到中心频率的3-5％。定向天线的工作带宽可能达到中心频率的5-10％。带宽可以认为是中心频率(例如，偶极子的谐振频率)两侧的一段频率范围，其中天线特性在中心频率的可接受值范围内。
谐振频段和工作频段可以相同，或者可以部分重叠。在一个实施例中，天线的一个或多个谐振频段可以覆盖该天线的一个或多个工作频段。
端/点：天线辐射体的第一端/第二端/馈电端/接地端/馈电点/接地点/连接点中的“端/点”，不能狭义的理解为一定是与其他辐射体物理断开的端点或端部，还可以认为是连续的辐射体上的某个点或者某一段。在一个实施例中，“端/点”可以包括天线辐射体上耦合连接其他导电结构的连接/耦合区域，例如，馈电端/馈电点可以是天线辐射体上耦合连接馈电结构或馈电电路的耦合区域(例如，与馈电电路的一部分面对面的区域)，又例如，接地端/接地点可以是天线辐射体上耦合连接接地结构或接地电路的连接/耦合区域。
开放端、封闭端：在一些实施例中，开放端和封闭端例如是相对是否接地而言的，封闭端接地，开放端不接地。在一些实施例中，开放端和封闭端例如是相对于其他导电体而言的，封闭端电连接其他导电体，开放端不电连接其他导电体。在一个实施例中，开放端还可以称作悬浮端、自由端、开口端、或开路端。在一个实施例中，封闭端还可以称作接地端、或短路端。应可理解，在一些实施例中，可以通过开放端耦合连接其他导电体，以传递耦合能量(可以理解为传递电流)。
在一些实施例中，对于“封闭端”的理解还可以是从电流分布来看的，封闭端或接地端等，可以理解为辐射体上的电流大点，也可以理解为辐射体上的电场小点；在一个实施例中，通过封闭端耦合电子器件(例如，电容、电感等)可以不改变其电流大点/电场小点的电流分布特性；在一个实施例中，通过封闭端处或封闭端附近开缝(例如，填充绝缘材质的缝隙)可以不改变其电流大点/电场小点的电流分布特性。
在一些实施例中，对于“开放端”的理解还可以是从电流分布来看的，开放端或悬浮端等，可以理解为辐射体上的电流小点，也可以理解为辐射体上的电场大点；在一个实施例中，通过开放端耦合电子器件(例如，电容、电感等)可以不改变其电流小点/电场大点的电流分布特性。
应可理解，在一个缝隙处的辐射体端(从辐射体的结构来看，类似于开放端或悬浮端的开口处的辐射体)耦和电子器件(例如，电容、电感等)，可以使得该辐射体端为电流大点/电场小点，此种情况下，应理解该缝隙处的辐射体端实际为封闭端或接地端等。
本申请实施例中提及的共线、共轴、共面、对称(例如，轴对称、或中心对称等)、平行、垂直、相同(例如，长度相同、宽度相同等等)等这类限定，均是针对当前工艺水平而言的，而不是数学意义上绝对严格的定义。共线的两个辐射枝节或者两个天线单元的边缘之间在线宽方向上可以存在小于预定阈值(例如1mm，0.5m，或0.1mm)的偏差。共面的两个辐射枝节或者两个天线单元的边缘之间在垂直于其共面平面的方向上可以存在小于预定阈值的偏差。相互平行或垂直的两个天线单元之间可以存在预定角度的偏差。在一个实施例中，预定阈值可以小于或等于1mm的阈值，例如预定阈值可以是0.5mm，或者可以是0.1mm。在一个实施例中，预定角度可以是±10°范围内的角度，例如预定角度偏差为±5°。
本申请实施例中提及的电流同向/反向分布，应理解为在同一侧的导体上主要电流的方向为同向/反向的。例如，在呈弯折状或呈环状的导体上激励同向分布电流(例如，电流路径也是弯折的或环状的)时，应可理解，例如，环状导体中两侧的导体上(例如围绕一缝隙的导体，在该缝隙两侧的导体上)激励的主要电流虽然从方向上看为反向的，其仍然属于本申请中对于同向分布电流的定义。在一个实施例中，一个导体上的电流同向可以指该导体上的电流无反向点。在一个实施例中，一个导体上的电流反向可以指该导体上的电流至少有一个反向点。在一个实施例中，两个导体上的电流同向可以指这两个导体上的电流均无反向点，且在同一方向上流动。在一个实施例中，两个导体上的电流反向可以指这两个导体上的电流均无反向点，且在相反的方向上流动。可以相应地理解多个导体上的电流同向/反向。
本申请实施例提供一种天线组件，该天线组件可以设置在车辆、通信基站、移动终端等设备上，以通过天线组件实现信号的接收和发射。示例性的，在天线组件设置在车辆上的实现方式中，天线组件可以设置在远程信息处理器(Telematics BOX，简称T-BOX)上，远程信息处理器与车辆的车载主机连接，以使得车载主机可以通过远程信息处理器实现与用户终端、卫星、通信基站等设备之间的通信。例如，天线组件可以包括全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system，简称GNSS)天线，以实现北斗卫星导航系统((beidou navigation satellite system，简称BDS)导航或者全球定位系统(global positioning system，简称GPS)导航，相应的，车载主机可以通过远程信息处理器实现车辆的定位以及导航功能。
请参照图1，本申请实施例提供的天线组件可以包括基板10，基板10可以为绝缘板或者具有一定介电常数的板体。在一个实施例中，基板10可以是电路板，例如PCB。基板10中设置有导电接地层101，可以理解的是，导电接地层101的材质可以包括铜、铝等金属层，当然，导电接地层101的材质也可以包括其他的非金属导电材料，本申请实施例对此不作限制。当然，基板10也可以包括环氧玻璃布层压板(FR-4)、环氧树脂板等。其中，导电接地层101接地，导电接地层101可以作为天线组件的地板。
示例性的，在导电接地层101包括金属层的实现方式中，金属层可以通过电镀、沉积等方式形成在基板10的一个表面上或基板10的板体内。应可理解，图1仅以简易的方式示出导电接地层101，并不作为其设置在基板上表面的限定。在一个实施例中，金属层也可以直接贴附在基板10上。在导电接地层101包括非金属导电材料的实现方式中，导电接地层101可以通过涂覆等方式形成在基板10的一个表面上。
继续参照图1，本申请实施例中的天线组件还包括第一天线阵列20，第一天线阵列20设置在导电接地层101上，相应的，基板10作为第一天线阵列20的基础，基板10可以对第一天线阵列20起到支撑和固定的作用。第一天线阵列20包括多个第一天线枝节201，每一第一天线枝节201所在的平面与基板之间具有第一预设夹角。示例性的，第一预设夹角可以为30°-150°(如30°、90°、150°等)。本申请实施例将以第一预设夹角为90°左右为例进行介绍，也就是说第一天线枝节201所在的平面与基板10大致垂直，可以理解的是，本申请实施例对此并不限制。在一个实施例中，大致垂直可以理解为，第一预设夹角为85°-95°的范围内。
在一些实施例中，各第一天线枝节201的结构和形状可以相同，多个第一天线枝节201绕垂直于基板10的预设直线L等圆心角的设置；也就是说，多个第一天线枝节201中，任意相邻的两个第一天线枝节201上的同一位置与预设直线L的连线之间的夹角(圆心角)相等。例如，每相邻的两个第一天线枝节201的第一开放端与预设直线L的连线之间的夹角(圆心角)均相等。示例性的，第一天线枝节201的数量可以为3-6个，如3个、4个，6个。在第一天线枝节201的数量为3个的实现方式中，每相邻两个第一天线枝节201之间的圆心角可以为120°。
在一些实施例中，各第一天线枝节201的结构和形状可以相同，多个第一天线枝节201相对于预设直线L中心对称设置，并且各第一天线枝节201相对于预设直线L呈120°旋转对称设置；在第一天线枝节201的数量为4个的实现方式(如图1所示)，各第一天线枝节201相对于预设直线L中心对称设置，并且各第一天线枝节201相对于预设直线L呈90°旋转对称设置；在第一天线枝节201的数量为6个的实现方式中，各第一天线枝节201相对于预设直线L中心对称设置，并且各第一天线枝节201相对于预设直线L呈60°旋转对称设置。
在上述实现方式中，相邻第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端接收的信号相位差相等，以使得第一天线阵列20产生圆极化信号，也就是说，各第一天线枝节201配合以形成圆极化信号。如此设置，使第一天线阵列20可以接收任意极化方向的信号，提高了天线组件的通用性。可以理解的是，可以根据第一天线枝节201的数量，合理的设置相邻第一天线枝节201的馈电信号相位差，以使得沿环绕预设直线L的方向，各第一天线枝节201的馈电信号幅度相等、并且相位馈电信号依次相差相同的相位差，以产生圆极化信号。示例性的，在第一天线枝节201的数量为3个的实现方式中，沿环绕预设直线L的方向，各第一天线枝节201的馈电信号幅度相等、并且相位依次相差120°。在第一天线枝节201的数量为4个的实现方式中，沿环绕预设直线L的方向，各第一天线枝节201的馈电信号幅度相等、并且相位依次相差90°。在第一天线枝节201的数量为6个的实现方式中，沿环绕预设直线L的方向，各第一天线枝节201的馈电信号幅度相等、并且相位依次相差60°。应可理解，本申请中的相同的相位差为相位差相同或者大致相同(如两个相位差相差5％内)，相应的“相位依次相差90°”应理解为相位依次相差90°×(1±5％)的范围。“相位依次相差120°”、“相位依次相差60°”等应做类似理解。
在上述实现方式中，导电接地层101可以将第一天线枝节201发出的信号向远离基板10的方向反射，以使得信号可以集中在远离基板10方向上，以提高远离基板10方向的信号强度。
在一些实施例中，第一天线枝节201在基板10的一侧延伸，第一天线枝节201具有沿着延伸方向相对的两端，其中一端可以作为第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端，第一馈电端用于接收外界的馈电，一端可以作为第一天线枝节201的第一开放端。第一开放端与导电接地层101间隔的设置。也就是说，第一开放端并不直接与导电接地层101直接电连接，示例性的，第一开放端可以不与导电接地层101耦合，或者第一开放端通过电容与导电接地层101耦合。
请参照图1和图2，在上述实现方式中，天线组件还包括第一电容202，第一电容202为多个，每一第一电容202与一个第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端耦合；也就是说，通过第一电容202向对应的第一天线枝节201馈电。第一电容202可以调节第一天线枝节201上的电流分布，以使得第一天线枝节201在第一馈电端和第一开放端之间的电流为同向电流(电流同向分布)，并且第一天线枝节201上的电流幅值由第一馈电端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部逐渐增大，同时还可以使得第一天线枝节201上的电流幅值由第一开放端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部逐渐增大，进而使得第一天线枝节201工作于差模(differential mode，简称DM)模式。在一个实施例中，通过第一电容202的设置，第一天线枝节201上的电流可以理解为是两端小，中间大的电流分布。在一个实施例中，第一天线枝节201的中部主要进行信号的发射和接收，第一天线枝节201中部的电流幅值较大，可以提高第一天线枝节201及天线组件的增益，进而提高了天线组件性能。
可以理解的是，当天线枝节中的电流分布为：电流同向分布，且中部具有一个电流大点，则可以认为天线枝节工作于差模模式(DM模式)。在一个具体的实施例中，工作于DM模式下的天线枝节上的电流为同向电流，且幅值由馈电端(例如，第一馈电端)向其中部逐渐增大，从其中部向其开放端(例如，第一开放端)逐渐减小；或者说，在一个具体的实施例中，工作于DM模式下的天线枝节上的电流为同向电流，且幅值由第一馈电端向其中部逐渐增大，并由第一开放端向其中部逐渐增大。
本申请实施例中，第一电容202的电容值可以为0.1pF-0.5pF，示例性的，第一电容202的电容值可以为0.1pF、0.25pF、0.5pF等。第一天线枝节201的谐振频率随着第一电容202的电容值增大而逐渐减小，通过使第一电容202的电容值为0.1pF-0.5pF，可以在保证第一天线枝节201工作于DM模式的同时，避免第一电容202的电容值过大导致的第一天线枝节201谐振频率过低。
可以理解的是，第一电容202可以包括集总电容和/或分布电容。集总电容指的是呈容性的元器件，例如电容元件；分布电容(或分布式电容)指的是两个导电件间隔一定间隙而形成的等效电容，相应的，可以在第一馈电端外侧间隔的设置有导电件，合理的设置第一馈电端和导电件之间的距离，可以使得第一馈电端和导电件形成等效电容(第一电容202)。
继续参照图1和图2，本申请实施例提供的天线组件，基板10上设置有导电接地层101，第一天线阵列20设置在导电接地层101上，第一天线阵列20包括多个第一天线枝节201，每一第一天线枝节201所在的平面与基板10之间具有第一预设夹角；第一电容202为多个，每一第一电容202与一个第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端电连接，第一天线枝节201的第一开放端与导电接地层101间隔的设置；每一第一天线枝节201通过对应的第一电容202馈电，第一电容202可以调节第一天线枝节201上的电流分布，以使得第一天线枝节201上的电流为同向电流，并且使第一天线枝节201上的电流幅值由第一馈电端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大，同时还可以使得第一天线枝节201上的电流幅值由第一开放端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大，电流大点在第一天线枝节201的中部，进而使得第一天线枝节201工作在差模模式，第一天线枝节201的中部主要进行信号的发射和接收，第一天线枝节201中部的电流较大，可以提高第一天线枝节201及天线组件的增益，进而提高了天线组件性能。
请参照图3，本申请实施例中，天线组件还可以包括第二电容203，第二电容203为多个，一个第一天线枝节201的第一开放端通过一个第二电容203与导电接地层101电耦合。如此设置，通过第二电容203可以降低与其连接的第一天线枝节201的谐振频率，进而可以减小第一天线枝节201的尺寸(沿延伸方向的长度)，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
在上述实现方式中，第二电容203的电容值可以为0.1pF-0.5pF，示例性的，第二电容203的电容值可以为0.1pF、0.25pF、0.5pF等。可以理解的是，第二电容203的电容值过大，会导致第一天线枝节201的阻抗匹配较为困难，通过使第二电容203的电容值为0.1pF-0.5pF，在保证第一天线枝节201工作在DM模式，并且第二电容203减小第一天线枝节201的尺寸的前提下，降低了第一天线枝节201的阻抗匹配难度。可以理解的是，第二电容203的结构可以与第一电容202的结构大致相同，在此不再赘述。
继续参照图3，在一些实施例中，天线组件还包括电感204，电感204为多个，每一第一电容202的一端与一个第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端电连接，每一第一电容202的另一端与一个电感204一端电连接，即每一第一馈电端对应的第一电容202和电感204串联，外界信号依次通过电感204和第一电容202后馈入到对应的第一馈电端内。通过上述设置，电感204可以降低与其对应的第一天线枝节201的谐振频率，进而可以减小第一天线枝节201的尺寸，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
继续参照图1和图4，本申请实施例中，天线组件还包括第二馈源以及第二天线阵列30，第二天线阵列30包括多个第二天线枝节301，每一第二天线枝节301所在的平面与基板之间具有第二预设夹角，多个第二天线枝节301中的每一个包括第二馈电端，多个第二馈电端均与第二馈源耦合，第二天线枝节301用于接收第二馈源的信号以在第二工作频段辐射。示例性的，第二预设夹角可以为30°-150°(如30°、90°、150°等)。本申请实施例将以第二预设夹角为90°左右为例进行介绍，也就是说第二天线枝节301所在的平面与基板10大致垂直，可以理解的是，本申请实施例对此并不限制。在一个实施例中，大致垂直可以理解为，第二预设夹角为85°-95°的范围内。
在一些实施例中，各第二天线枝节301的结构和形状可以相同，多个第二天线枝节301可以环绕预设直线L等圆心角的设置，也就是说，多个第二天线枝节301中，任意相邻的两个第二天线枝节301上的同一位置与预设直线L的连线之间的夹角(圆心角)相等。示例性的，第二天线枝节301的数量可以为3-6个，如3个、4个，6个。在第二天线枝节301的数量为3个的实现方式中，各第二天线枝节301相对于预设直线L中心对称设置，并且各第二天线枝节301相对于预设直线L呈120°旋转对称设置；在第二天线枝节301的数量为4个的实现方式(如图4所示)，各第二天线枝节301相对于预设直线L中心对称设置，并且各第二天线枝节301相对于预设直线L呈90°旋转对称设置；在第二天线枝节301的数量为6个的实现方式中，各第二天线枝节301相对于预设直线L中心对称设置，并且各第二天线枝节301相对于预设直线L呈60°旋转对称设置。
本申请实施例中，第二天线枝节301在基板10的一侧延伸，第二天线枝节301具有沿着延伸方向相对的两端，其中一端可以作为第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端，第二馈电端用于接收外界的馈电，一端可以作为第二天线枝节301的第二开放端，第二开放端与导电接地层101间隔的设置。也就是说，第二开放端并不直接与导电接地层101电连接；示例性的，第二开放端可以不与导电接地层101耦合，或者第二开放端通过电容与导电接地层101耦合。
在上述实现方式中，相邻第二天线枝节301中信号的相位差相等，以使得第二天线阵列30产生圆极化信号，如此设置，使第二天线阵列30可以接收任意极化方向的信号，提高了天线组件的通用性。可以理解的是，可以根据第二天线枝节301的数量，合理的设置相邻第二天线枝节301的馈电信号相位差，以使得沿环绕预设直线L的方向，各第二天线枝节301的馈电信号幅度相等、并且馈电信号依次相差相同的相位差，以产生圆极化信号。示例性的，在第二天线枝节301的数量为3个的实现方式中，沿环绕预设直线L的方向，各第二天线枝节301的馈电信号幅度相等、并且相位依次相差120°。在第二天线枝节301的数量为4个的实现方式中，沿环绕预设直线L的方向，各第二天线枝节301的馈电信号幅度相等、并且相位依次相差90°。在第二天线枝节301的数量为6个的实现方式中，沿环绕预设直线L的方向，各第二天线枝节301的馈电信号幅度相等、并且相位依次相差60°。
本申请实施例中，第一天线枝节201的数量可以与第二天线枝节301的数量相同，如图4所示，第一天线枝节201的数量和第二天线枝节301的数量可以均为4个，每一第一天线枝节201和一个第二天线枝节301对应，相邻的两个第一天线枝节201之间的相差90°，相邻两个第二天线枝节301之间的相差也为90°。当然第一天线枝节201的数量也可以与第二天线枝节301的数量不等，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
在上述实现方式中，第一天线枝节201的工作频段(第一工作频段)和第二天线枝节301的工作段(第二工作频段)的频率不等，以使得第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30激励的谐振频率不等，即第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30覆盖的频段不同，以增大天线组件的覆盖频率，提高了天线组件的带宽。
本申请实施例中，第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的结构可以有多种，下面将分多种场景进行介绍：
场景一
继续参照图1和图4，第一天线阵列20包括第一介电柱205，第一介电柱205设置在基板10上，多个第一天线枝节201设置在第一介电柱205的侧壁上。如此设置，通过第一介电柱205可以实现对第一天线枝节201的固定和支撑，以提高天线组件的结构稳定性。可以理解的是，第一介电柱205具有一定的介电常数，根据第一天线阵列20的性能，可以合理的选择第一介电柱205的介电常数。
示例性的，第一介电柱205的材质可以包括环氧玻璃布层压板(FR-4)、环氧树脂等，在第一介电柱205的材质为环氧玻璃布层压板的实现方式中，第一介电柱205的介电常数较小，可以改善第一天线阵列20的阻抗匹配性能，进而提高了第一天线阵列20的增益。
在一些实施例中，第一介电柱205的几何中心线与预设直线L共线。示例性的，第一介电柱205可以呈圆柱状，相应的各第一天线枝节201可以绕预设直线L等圆心角的分布在第一介电柱205的侧壁上，以使得任意相邻两个第一天线枝节201之间的圆心角相等。当然，第一介电柱205也可以呈棱柱状，相应的，每一第一天线枝节201可以设置在第一介电柱205的一个平行于预设直线L的侧面上。示例性的，在第一天线枝节201的数量为4个的实现方式中，第一介电柱205可以呈长方体状，每一第一天线枝节201设置在第一介电柱205的一个平行于预设直线L的表面上。
在上述实现方式中，第一天线枝节201可以通过电镀、沉积等方式形成在第一介电柱205的侧壁上，当然第一天线枝节也可以贴附在第一介电柱205的侧壁上。
继续参照图2，第一天线枝节201在第一介电柱205上可以呈弯曲或者弯折状延伸，如此设置，可以在保证第一天线枝节201在延伸方向上具有一定长度的同时，减小第一天线枝节201所占用的空间，进而可以减小第一介电柱205的体积，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
示例性的，第一天线枝节201可以包括沿平行于预设直线L方向延伸的第一节段2011、沿垂直于预设直线L方向延伸的第二节段2012、沿平行于预设直线L方向延伸的第三节段2013，其中，第一节段2011、第二节段2012和第三节段2013依次连接，且第一节段2011和第三节段2013位于第二节段2012和基板10之间。在一个实施例中，第一天线枝节201还可以包括沿直于预设直线L方向延伸的第四节段2014，其中，第四节段2014可以从第三节段2013末端连接延伸，并位于第一节段2011和第三节段2013之间。其中，第一节段2011靠近基板10的一端可以为第一馈电端，第一节段2011远离基板10的一端与第二节段2012的一端连接，第二节段2012远离第一节段2011的一端与第三节段2013远离基板10的一端连接。在一个实施例中，第三节段2013可以作为第一天线枝节201的第一开放端。在一个实施例中，第三节段2013靠近基板10的一端与第四节段2014远离第一节段2011的一端连接，相应的，第四节段2014远离第三节段2013的一端可以作为第一天线枝节201的第一开放端。在一个实施例中，第一天线枝节201的第一开放端与基板10上的导电接地层101间隔的设置，并通过器件耦合。在一个实施例中，第一天线枝节201的第一开放端与基板10上的导电接地层101间隔的设置并且不通过器件耦合。通过上述设置，包括多个节段的第一天线枝节201可以具有经过一次或多次弯折的形状，进一步减小了第一天线枝节201所占用的空间。
继续参照图2，在一些实现方式中，第一天线枝节201还包括第五节段2015，第五节段2015与第二节段2012共线设置，第五节段2015位于第一节段2011远离第二节段2012的一侧，第五节段2015靠近第二节段2012的一端与第二节段2012连接。通过第五节段2015可以对第一天线枝节201进行测试，以便于对第一天线枝节201的测试。
在上述实现方式中，第一天线枝节201的总长度可以为40mm-65mm(如40mm、43.75mm、65mm等)。第一天线枝节201的总长度可以是指，第一天线枝节201在第一馈电端的末端到第一开放端的末端之间的最短距离，即第一天线枝节201在向外辐射信号时，同向电流的长度。
在上述实现方式中，第一节段2011的长度d1可以为7mm-10mm(如7mm、8.25mm、10mm等)，第二节段2012和第五节段2015的长度和d2可以为35mm-40mm(如35mm、37mm、40mm等)，第三节段2013的长度d3可以为8mm-11mm(如8mm、9.5mm、11mm等)，第四节段2014的长度d4可以为8mm-10mm(如8mm、9mm、10mm等)。其中，第五节段2015的长度可以小于或等于20mm，以避免第五节段2015过长而影响第一天线枝节201的谐振。
在上述实现方式中，第一节段2011靠近基板10的一端为第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端，相应的，第一电容202的一个极板与第一馈电端电连接，第一电容202的另一个极板可以与第一馈电设备连接，以使得第一馈电设备可以通过第一电容202向第一天线枝节201馈电。示例性的，第一馈电设备可以包括功分器、移相器等，当然，第一馈电设备可以包括微带线和共面波导线等，通过第一馈电设备可以使沿环绕预设直线L的方向各第一天线枝节201的馈电信号幅度相等、并且馈电信号依次相差相同的相位差，以产生圆极化信号。
可以理解的是，第一电容202也可以设置在第一介电柱205上，并且，第一电容202可以设置在第一馈电端和基板10之间，以提高天线组件的结构紧凑性。当然，第一电容202也可以设置在基板10上，相应的，第一电容202可以通过导线与对应的第一馈电端连接。第一馈电设备可以设置在基板10上，可以通过同轴线缆向第一馈电设备输送馈电信号，第一馈电设备同时向各第一天线枝节201馈电，以使得各第一天线枝节201的馈电信号幅度相等、并且馈电信号依次相差相同的相位差。
图5示出了第一天线枝节201上的电流分布图，图中表示电流的箭头分布密度与电流幅值大小正相关，由图5可知，第一电容202可以调节第一天线枝节201上的电流分布，以使得第一节段2011、第二节段2012、第三节段2013、以及第四节段2014上的电流为同向电流，并且使第一节段2011和第四节段2014上的电流幅值较小，第二节段2012上的电流幅值较大，即使得第一天线枝节201由第一馈电端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部的电流幅值逐渐增大，同时第一天线枝节201由第一开放端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部的电流幅值逐渐增大，进而使第一天线枝节201工作在DM模式。
继续参照图3，在天线组件包括第二电容203的实现方式中，第二电容203的一个极板与第一开放端连接，第二电容203的另一极板与导电接地层101电连接。其中，第二电容203可以设置在第一介电柱205上，并且第二电容203可以设置在第四节段2014和基板10之间，以进一步提高天线组件的结构紧凑性。
继续参照图3，在天线组件包括电感204的实现方式中，电感204可以设置在第一电容202和第一馈电设备之间，即第一馈电设备通过电感204与第一电容202连接。电感204的电感值可以为10nH-15nH(10nH、12.5nH、15nH等)，以在保证降低第一天线枝节201的谐振频率，以降低第一天线枝节201尺寸的同时，避免电感204的电感值过大或者过小。
请参照图4和图6，在天线组件包括第二天线阵列30的实现方式中，第一介电柱205上设置有第一容置孔206，第一容置孔206的中心线与预设直线L共线设置，第二天线阵列30可以设置在第一容置孔206内。如此设置，可以避免第二天线阵列30占用空间，以降低天线组件的体积，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
可以理解的是，第一容置孔206可以由第一介电柱205背离基板10一端向基板10延伸，第一容置孔206可以贯穿第一介电柱205，当然第一容置孔206也可以贯穿部分第一介电柱205。
本场景中，第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301的数量可以均为4个，相应，每一第一天线枝节201可以与一个第二天线枝节301对应。如图7所示，沿环绕预设直线L的方向的各第一天线枝节201的馈电信号幅度相等、并且相位依次相差90°，沿环绕预设直线L的方向的各第二天线枝节301的馈电信号幅度相等、并且相位依次相差90°，以使得第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30均可以产生圆极化信号。
继续参照图4，第二天线阵列30还可以包括第二介电柱303，第二介电柱303的几何中心线可以与第一介电柱205的几何中心线共线设置，第二介电柱303设置在第一容置孔206内，多个第二天线枝节301设置在第二介电柱303的侧壁上，通过第二介电柱303可以实现对第二天线枝节301的固定和支撑，以提高天线组件的结构稳定性。可以理解的是，第二介电柱303具有一定的介电常数，根据第二天线阵列30的性能，可以合理的选择第二介电柱303的介电常数。
其中，第二介电柱303背离基板10的一端可以与第一介电柱205背离基板一端平齐，或者，第二介电柱303背离基板10的一端位于第一容置孔206内，当然第二介电柱303背离基板10的一端也可以由第一容置孔206伸出。
示例性的，第二介电柱303的材质可以包括环氧玻璃布层压板(FR-4)、环氧树脂等，在第二介电柱303的材质为环氧玻璃布层压板的实现方式中，第二介电柱303的介电常数较小，可以改善第二天线阵列30的阻抗匹配性能，进而提高了第二天线阵列30的增益。
示例性的，第二介电柱303可以呈圆柱状，相应的各第二天线枝节301可以绕预设直线L等圆心角的分布在第二介电柱303的侧壁上，以使得任意相邻两个第二天线枝节301之间的圆心角相等。当然，第二介电柱303也可以呈棱柱状，相应的，每一第二天线枝节301可以设置在第二介电柱303的一个平行于预设直线L的侧面上。示例性的，在第二天线枝节301的数量为4个的实现方式中，第二介电柱303可以呈长方体状，每一第二天线枝节301设置在第二介电柱303的一个平行于预设直线L的表面上。
在上述实现方式中，第二天线枝节301可以通过电镀、沉积等方式形成在第二介电柱303的侧壁上，当然第二天线枝节301也可以贴附在第二介电柱303的侧壁上。
在上述实现方式中，第二介电柱303的几何中心线与预设直线L共线，也就是说，第二介电柱303的几何中心线、第一容置孔206的几何中心线以及第一介电柱205的几何中心线共线设置， 如此设置，可以使得每一第二天线枝节301与第一介电柱205的侧壁之间的距离相等，即各第一天线枝节201和对应的第二天线枝节301之间距离相等。
在一些实施例中，各第一天线枝节201相对于第一介电柱205的几何中心线中心对称；各第二天线枝节301相对于第一介电柱205的几何中心线中心对称，如此设置，使得各第一天线枝节201和各第二天线枝节301排布均匀。
在一些实现方式中，每一第二天线枝节301与一个第一天线枝节201对应，相对应的第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301之间的距离越小，第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301之间互相耦合越为严重，为了避免相对应的第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301之间的距离过小，而影响第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301的轴比以及谐振，相对应的第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301之间的最小距离大于等于1mm(如1mm、5mm、10mm等)。
继续参照图6，第二天线枝节301在第二介电柱303上可以呈弯曲或者弯折状延伸，如此设置，可以在保证第二天线枝节301在延伸方向具有一定长度的同时，减小第二天线枝节301所占用的空间，进而可以减小第二介电柱303的体积，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
示例性的，第二天线枝节301可以包括沿平行于预设直线L方向延伸的第六节段3011、沿垂直于预设直线L方向延伸的第七节段3012、以及沿平行于预设直线L方向延伸的第八节段3013，其中第六节段3011、第七节段3012以及第八节段3013依次连接，并且第六节段3011和第八节段3013位于第七节段3012和基板10之间。在一个实施例中，第二天线枝节301还包括沿直于预设直线L方向延伸的第九节段3014，第九节段3014可以由第八节段3013末端连接延伸，并位于第六节段3011和第八节段3013之间。其中，第六节段3011靠近基板10的一端可以为第二馈电端，第六节段3011远离基板10的一端与第七节段3012的一端连接，第七节段3012远离第六节段3011的一端与第八节段3013远离基板10的一端连接。在一个实施例中，第八节段3013可以作为第二天线枝节301的第二开放端。在一个实施例中，第八节段3013靠近基板10的一端与第九节段3014远离第六节段3011的一端连接，相应的，第九节段3014远离第八节段3013的一端可以作为第二开放端，并且第二开放端与基板10上的导电接地层101间隔的设置。在一个实施例中，第二天线枝节301的第二开放端与基板10上的导电接地层101间隔的设置，并通过器件耦合。在一个实施例中，第二天线枝节301的第二开放端与基板10上的导电接地层101间隔的设置并且不通过器件耦合。通过上述设置，包括多个节段的第二天线枝节301向内弯折，可以进一步减小第二天线枝节301占用的空间。
在上述实现方式中，第二天线枝节301的总长度为45mm-70mm(如45mm、62.1mm、70mm等)。第二天线枝节301的总长度可以是指，第二天线枝节301在第二馈电端的末端到第二开放端的末端之间的最短距离，即第二天线枝节301在向外辐射信号时，同向电流的长度。
在上述实现方式中，第六节段3011的长度d5可以为19mm-22mm(如19mm、20.5mm、22mm等)，第七节段3012的长度d6可以为17mm-20mm(如17mm、18.5mm、20mm等)，第八节段3013的长度d8可以为16mm-19mm(如16mm、17.5mm、19mm等)，第九节段3014的长度d7可以为4mm-6mm(如4mm、5.6mm、6mm等)。
继续参照图4，在一些实施例中，每一第二天线枝节301与一个第一天线枝节201对应，相对应的第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301中，相对于第一开放端，第一馈电端更加靠近第二馈电端设置，相对于第二馈电端，第一开放更加靠近第二开放端设置。如此设置，可以使得相对应的第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301上的电流为同向电流。
可以理解的是，相对应的第二天线枝节301和第一天线枝节201，可以为所在平面平行且互相靠近的两个天线枝节。
在一些实施例中，相邻两个第一天线枝节201中，前一第一天线枝节201的第一开放端靠近后一第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端设置，相邻两个第二天线枝节301中，前一第二天线枝节301的第二开放端靠近后一第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端设置。如此设置，沿环绕第一介电柱205几何中心线的方向各第一天线枝节201首尾依次设置，第一天线阵列20上的电流环绕第一介电柱205的几何中心设置(第一天线阵列20上的电流环绕第一介电柱205的几何中顺时针或者逆时针设置)；相类似的，各第二天线枝节301首尾依次设置，环绕第一介电柱205几何中心线的方向各第二天线枝节301首尾依次设置，第二天线阵列30上的电流环绕第一介电柱205的几何中心设置(第二天线阵列30上的电流环绕第一介电柱205的几何中顺时针或者逆时针设置)。在相对应的第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301中，第一馈电端靠近第二馈电端设置，第一端靠近第二端设置的实现方式中，可以使得第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30上的电流方向相同(如均为环绕第一介电柱205的几何中顺时针或者逆时针设置)。
在上述实现方式中天线组件还可以包括第三电容302，第三电容302为多个，每一第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端与一个第三电容302电耦合，也就是说，通过第三电容302向对应的第二天线枝节301馈电。如此设置，第三电容302可以调节第二天线枝节301上的电流分布，以使得第二天线枝节301上的电流为同向电流，并且使第二天线枝节301上的电流幅值由第二馈电端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部逐渐增大，同时还可以使得第二天线枝节301上的电流幅值由第二开放端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部逐渐增大，电流大点位于第二天线枝节301的中部，进而使得第二天线枝节301工作在差模模式；由于第二天线枝节301的中部主要进行信号的发射和接收，第二天线枝节301中部的电流幅值较大，可以提高第二天线枝节301及天线组件的增益，进而提高了天线组件性能。
图8示出了第二天线枝节301上的电流分布图，图中表示电流的箭头密度与电流幅值大小正相关，由图8可知，第三电容302可以调节第二天线枝节301上的电流分布，以使得第六节段3011和第九节段3014上的电流幅值较小，第七节段3012上的电流幅值较大，即第二天线枝节301上的电流幅值由第二馈电端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部逐渐增大，同时第二天线枝节301上的电流幅值由第二开放端向其延伸方向的中部或大致中部逐渐增大，进而使第二天线枝节工作在DM模式。
第六节段3011靠近基板10的一端为第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端，第三电容302的一个极板与第二馈电端电连接，第三电容302的另一个极板可以与第二馈电设备连接，以使得第二馈电设备可以通过第三电容302向第二天线枝节馈电。示例性的，第二馈电设备可以包括功分器、移相器等，当然，第二馈电设备也可以包括微带线和共面波导线等，通过第二馈电设备可以使沿环绕预设直线L的方向各第二天线枝节301的馈电信号幅度相等、并且馈电信号依次相差相同的相位差，以产生圆极化信号。
请参照图9，在第一馈电设备和第二馈电设备均包括移相器的实现方式中，第一馈电设备可以包括第一主移相器501、第一副移相器502以及第二副移相器503，第一主移相器501的输入端可以与同轴线缆连接，以接收馈电信号，馈电信号经第一主移相器501后，形成相位差为90°的两个副馈电信号，两个副馈电信号分别输送至第一副移相器502和第二副移相器503，并在第一副移相器502的两个输出端形成相位相差90°的信号，同时在第二副移相器503的两个输出端分别形成相位相差90°的信号，即使得第一副移相器502的两个输出端和第二副移相器503的两个输出端输出的信号相位依次相差90°，第一副移相器502的两个输出端和第二副移相器503的两个输出端分别与第一天线阵列20中的各第一天线枝节连接，以使得第一天线阵列20产生圆极化信号。
相类似的，第二馈电设备可以包括第二主移相器601、第三副移相器602以及第四副移相器603，第二主移相器601的输入端可以与同轴线缆连接，以接收馈电信号，馈电信号经第二主移相器601后，形成相位差为90°的两个副馈电信号，两个副馈电信号分别输送至第三副移相器602和第四副移相器603，并在第三副移相器602的两个输出端形成相位相差90°的信号，同时在第四副移相器603的两个输出端分别形成相位相差90°的信号，即使得第三副移相器602的两个输出端和第四副移相器603的两个输出端输出的信号相位依次相差90°，第三副移相器602的两个输出端和第四副移相器603的两个输出端分别与第二天线阵列30中的各第二天线枝节连接，以使得第二天线阵列30产生圆极化信号。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例中，天线组件还可以包括第一馈源和第二馈源，多个第一天线枝节201中的每一个的第一馈电端均与第一馈源耦合，第一天线枝节201用于接收第一馈源的信号以在第一工作频段辐射；相类似的，多个第二天线枝节301中的每一个的第二馈电端均与第二馈源耦合，第二天线枝节301用于接收第二馈源的信号以在第二工作频段辐射。示例性的，第一馈源可以通过第一馈电设备与各第一天线枝节201耦合，第二馈源通过第二馈电设备与各第二天线枝节301耦合。
第一馈源和第二馈源可以包括同轴线缆等能够提供信号的设备，第一馈源和第二馈源可以相同或者不同，本申请实施例对此不作限制。在第一馈源和第二馈源包括同轴线缆的实现方式中，第一馈源和第二馈源相同，即第一馈源和第二馈源可以为同一同轴线缆，第一馈源和第二馈源不同，则第一馈源和第二馈源分别为不同的同轴线缆。
可以理解的是，第三电容302也可以设置在第二介电柱303上，并且，第三电容302可以设置在第二馈电端和基板10之间，以提高天线组件的结构紧凑性。当然，第三电容302也可以设置在基板10上，相应的，第三电容302可以通过导线与对应的第二馈电端连接。第二馈电设备可以设置在基板10上，可以通过同轴线缆向馈电设备输送馈电信号，第二馈电设备同时向各第二天线枝节301馈电，以使得各第二天线枝节301的馈电信号幅度相等、并且馈电信号依次相差相同的相差。
第三电容302的电容值可以为0.1pF-0.5pF，示例性的，第三电容302的电容值可以为0.1pF、0.25pF、0.5pF等。第二天线枝节301的谐振频率随着第三电容302的电容值增大而逐渐减小，通过使第三电容302的电容值为0.1pF-0.5pF，可以在保证第二天线枝节301工作在DM模式的同时，避免第三电容302的电容值过大导致的第二天线枝节301谐振频率过低。
继续参照图4和图6，天线组件还可以包括第四电容305，第四电容305设置在第二开放端和导电接地层101之间，第四电容305的一个极板与第二开放端连接，第四电容305的另一极板与导电接地层101电连接。其中，第四电容305可以设置在第二介电柱303上，并且第四电容305可以设置在第九节段3014和基板10之间，以进一步提高天线组件的结构紧凑性；当然，第四电容305也可以设置在基板10上。如此设置，通过第四电容305可以降低与其连接的第二天线枝节301的谐振频率，进而可以减小第二天线枝节301的尺寸(沿延伸方向的长度)，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。
第四电容305的电容值可以为0.1pF-0.5pF，示例性的，第四电容305的电容值可以为0.1pF、0.25pF、0.5pF等。可以理解的是，第四电容305的电容值过大，会导致第二天线枝节301的阻抗匹配较为困难，通过使第四电容305的电容值为0.1pF-0.5pF，在保证第二天线枝节301工作在DM模式，并且第四电容305减小第二天线枝节301的尺寸的前提下，降低了第二天线枝节301的阻抗匹配难度。
在天线组件包括电感204的实现方式中，在第二馈电设备和第三电容302之间也可以设置有电感204，即第二馈电设备通过电感204与第三电容302连接。通过电感204可以降低第二天线枝节301的谐振频率，以降低第二天线枝节301尺寸。
示例性的，电感的电感值可以为10nH-15nH(10nH、12.5nH、15nH等)，以在保证降低第二天线枝节301的谐振频率，以降低第二天线枝节301尺寸的同时，避免电感的电感值过大或者过小。电感204可以设置在第二介电柱303上，当然，电感204也可以设置在基板10上。
在上述实现方式中，第二介电柱303上可以设置有第二容置孔304，第二容置孔304的中心线可以与预设直线L共线设置。如此设置，可以减小第二介电柱303的质量，以实现天线组件的轻量化。
图10为第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30工作在全球卫星导航系统频段时的有源S11曲线图(图中横坐标为频率GHz，纵坐标为S参数dB，S参数为有源反射系数)，第一天线阵列20的第一工作频段高于第二天线阵列30的第二工作频段(例如：第一天线阵列20的谐振频点可以为1.58GHz，第二天线阵列30的谐振频点可以为1.22GHz)，其中曲线B1为第一天线阵列20对应的有源S11曲线图，曲线B2为第二天线阵列30对应的有源S11曲线图。此时，第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30可以同时分别激励起两个差模谐振模式，由图10中可以看出，此时的天线组件的频段覆盖1.16GHz-1.28GHz、1.55GHz-1.61GHz，即可以覆盖全球卫星导航系统的所有频段，提高了天线组件的带宽。
在一些实现方式中，第一天线阵列20对应的谐振频率和第二天线阵列30对应的谐振频率具有一定的差值，以免影响天线组件的性能。在一些实现方式中，第一天线阵列20对应的谐振频点 (第一天线枝节201的第一工作频段)和第二天线阵列30对应的谐振频点(第二天线枝节301的第二工作频段)的频率差值≥180MHz。
可以理解的是，图10所对应的是第一天线阵列20的第一工作频段大于第二天线阵列30的第二工作频段的实施例，如此设置，位于外侧的第一天线阵列20工作频率较高，受低频阻隔干扰较小，其辐射空间更为开阔，因此可以提高高频性能，进而提高天线组件的性能。在其他的实施例中，第一天线阵列20的第一工作频段也可以小于第二天线阵列30的第一工作频段，本申请实施例对第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的工作频率大小不作限制。
继续参照图11，在一些实现方式中，第一天线阵列20位于导电接地层101的几何中心上，也就是说，第一天线阵列20的几何中心线(如预设直线L)与导电接地层101的几何中心重合或者具有较小的距离(如1mm-3mm)，以使得第一天线阵列20设置在导电接地层101的中间位置。如此设置，使得天线组件处于对称的环境中，可以提高天线组件的圆极化效果。示例性的，导电接地层101可以呈正方形，相应的，正方形的几何中心为该正方形对角线的交点；导电接地层101也可以呈圆形，相应的，圆形的几何中心为该圆形的圆心。可以理解的是，在导电接地层101为不规则形状的实现方式中，其几何中心位于导电接地层101大致中间的位置，即该几何中心距离导电接地层101边缘的距离大致相等。
图12为导电接地层101呈正方形并且第一天线阵列20位于导电接地层101的几何中心上时，第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30在天顶方向±30°内的增益图(横坐标为频率GHz，纵坐标为增益)，图中G1为第一天线阵列20对应的增益曲线，G2为第二天线阵列30对应的增益曲线。图13为第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的轴比图(横坐标为频率GHz，纵坐标为轴比)，其中第一天线阵列20轴向(天顶方向)的轴比曲线为Z2，第二天线阵列30天顶方向的轴比图曲线为Z1，第一天线阵列20天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比曲线为Z4，第二天线阵列30天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比曲线为Z3。由图12和图13可知，在第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30工作在全球卫星导航系统频段时，第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30均具有较高的增益，同时第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30均具有较小的轴比，使得天线组件具有较高的定位精度。
在其他的实现方式中，第一天线阵列20可以与导电接地层101的几何中心间隔的设置(如图1所示)，即第一天线阵列20的几何中心线(如预设直线L)与导电接地层101的几何中心具有较大的距离；例如，可以将第一天线阵列20设置在导电接地层101的靠近边缘或者靠近角落的位置。如此设置，天线组件的形状不规则，可以适应不规则的安装空间，以便于适配其他的设备安装空间，即提升了天线组件在非理想环境下的性能；另外，由于各第一天线枝节201工作在差模模式，第一天线枝节201的辐射能量较强，受不对称换环境的影响较小，仍可以保证天线组件的圆极化效果。示例性的，导电接地层101可以呈长方形，相应的，导电接地层101长边的长度可以为250mm-300mm(如250mm、270mm、300mm等)，导电接地层101短边的长度可以为100mm-150mm(如100mm、120mm、150mm等)，第一天线阵列的几何中心可以位于长方形对角线的交点(中心)的一侧，其中第一介电柱205与靠近其的导电接地层101侧边之间的距离e8、e9可以为10mm-15mm(如10mm、12.5mm、15mm等)。
图14为第一天线阵列20设置在导电接地层101的靠近边缘或者靠近角落的位置时天顶方向±30°内的圆极化增益图，图中G3为第一天线阵列20对应的增益曲线，G4为第二天线阵列30对应的增益曲线。图15为第一天线阵列20设置在导电接地层101的靠近边缘或者靠近角落的位置时天顶方向和天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比图，图中Z5为天顶方向第二天线阵列30的轴比曲线，Z6为天顶方向第一天线阵列20的轴比曲线，Z7为天顶方向±30°内第二天线阵列30的最大轴比曲线，Z8为天顶方向±30°内第一天线阵列20的最大轴比曲线。由图14和图15可知，第一天线阵列20设置在导电接地层101的靠近角落的位置时(非理想环境下)，第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30仍具有较高的增益以及较小的轴比，天线组件的定位精度较高。
继续参照图1，本场景中，天线组件还包括导电环40，导电环40可以设置在第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30背离基板10的一侧，导电环40与第一天线阵列20之间间隔的设置，第一天线枝节201用于向导电环40耦合信号。导电环40的几何中心线可以与预设直线L共线设置，导电环40可以呈圆形或者正方形状等形状。
如图16，在使用时，导电环40上的电流方向与第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301的电流方向相同；如图17所示，图中第一行为第二天线阵列30向导电环40耦合信号时导电环40上的电流分布图，图中第二行为第一天线阵列20向导电环40耦合信号时导电环40上的电流分布图，由图17可知，导电环40上产生右旋圆极化信号。在远场性能上，导电环40可以起到同向的叠加效果，进而提高了第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的增益。另外，导电环40辐射的圆极化电磁波与第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30辐射的圆极化电磁波旋向相同，导电环40上的电流与第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30上的电流相位变化相同、且极化相同，使第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30在长方形导电接地层101上的圆极化辐射更纯，一定程度上纠正了不对称环境对第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30圆极化的恶化，因此能降低第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的轴比。
图18为第一天线阵列20与导电接地层101几何中心间隔设置，第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置，并且设置有导电环40和不设置导电环40的增益对比图(在天顶方向±30°内的最大增益)，G5为不设置导电环40时第二天线阵列30的增益曲线，G6为不设置导电环40时第一天线阵列20的增益曲线，G7为设置导电环40时第二天线阵列30的增益曲线，G8为设置导电环40时第一天线阵列20的增益曲线，由图18可知，设置导电环40后第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的增益得到明显提高。
图19为第一天线阵列20与导电接地层101几何中心间隔设置，第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置，并且设置有导电环40和不设置导电环40的轴比对比图(天顶方向)，Z9为设置有导电环40时第二天线阵列30的轴比图，Z10为设置有导电环40时第一天线阵列20的轴比图，Z11为不设置导电环40时第二天线阵列30的轴比图，Z12为不设置导电环40时第一天线阵列20的轴比图。图20为设置有导电环40和不设置导电环40的轴比对比图(天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比)，Z13为设置有导电环40时第二天线阵列30的轴比图，Z14为设置有导电环40时第一天线阵列20的轴比图，Z15为不设置导电环40时第二天线阵列30的轴比图，Z16为不设置导电环40时第一天线阵列20的轴比图。由图19和图20可知，设置导电环40后第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的轴比得到明显降低。
继续参照图1和图2，在上述实现方式中，第一介电柱205可以在基板10上的投影可以呈正方形，相应的，导电环也可以呈正方形状，导电环40的边长可以不大于50mm(如导电环40的边长为50mm、45mm、20mm等)，以保证导电环40上的电流与第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30上的电流方向相同。导电环40与第一天线阵列20之间的距离e2越大，导电环40对第一天线阵列20的轴比优化作用越小，示例性的，导电环40与第一天线枝节201之间的距离e2可以小于等于11mm(如11mm、5mm、3mm等)，以使得第一天线阵列20的轴比小于4，进而使得天线组件具有较高的定位精度。其中，导电环40与第一天线枝节201之间的距离e2为导电环40与第一天线枝节201之间的最小距离。相类似的，导电环40与第二天线枝节301之间的最小距离可以小于等于11mm(如11mm、5mm、3mm等)，以使得导电环40对第二天线阵列30也具有轴比优化作用。
可以理解的是，导电环40也可以设置在第二天线阵列30背离基板10的一侧(正对第二天线阵列30设置)；或者，在第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30背离基板10的一侧均设置有导电环40，本场景对此不作限制。可以理解的是，在导电环40设置在第一天线阵列20背离基板10的一侧(即导电环40正对第一天线阵列20)的实现方式中，导电环40主要提高第一天线阵列20的性能，在导电环40设置在第二天线阵列30背离基板10的一侧(即导电环40正对第二天线阵列30)的实现方式中，导电环40主要提高第二天线阵列30的性能。
本场景中，天线组件还可以包括介质板，介质板与基板10平行且间隔的设置，导电环40设置在介质板上。如此设置，通过介质板可以实现导电环40的支撑和固定。示例性的，导电环40的材质可以包括铜、铝等金属，当然导电环40的材质也可以包括其他的非金属导电材质；在导电环40包括金属的实现方式中，可以通过电镀、沉积等方式形成在介质板上，当然也可以将导电环40贴附在介质板上；在导电环40包括非金属导电材质的实现方式中，可以通过涂布等方式形成在介质板上。
在天线组件设置在远程信息处理器上的实现方式中，远程信息处理器可以包括外壳，外壳围设成安装腔体，基板10、第一天线阵列20、第二天线阵列30均设置在安装腔体内；相应的介质板也可以设置在安装腔体内，并与外壳连接，以实现对介质板的固定。当然，在其他的实现方式中，导电环40可以直接设置在外壳上，此时不需设置介质板，可以减小远程信息处理的体积和质量。
场景二
本场景与场景一的不同之处在于，请参照图21和图22，各第二天线枝节301均设置在第一容置孔206内，各第二天线枝节301所在的平面相交于第一介电柱205的几何中心线。在第一介电柱205的几何中心线与预设直线L重合时，各第二天线枝节301向预设直线L延伸，即各第二天线枝节301向第一容置孔206的中部延伸，可以增大第二天线枝节301与第一介电柱205的侧壁之间的距离，进而增大第一天线枝节201与第二天线枝节301之间的距离，进而提高第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301之间的隔离度。
在一些实现方式中，第二天线阵列30包括设置在第一容置孔206内的多个介电板307，每一第二天线枝节301设置在一个介电板307上。通过介电板307可以实现对各第二天线枝节301的支撑和固定。
在各第二天线枝节301所在的平面可以环绕预设直线L等圆心角的设置，即任意相邻的第二天线枝节301所在的平面之间的夹角相等；相应的各介电板307环绕预设直线L等圆形角的设置。各介电板307靠近预设直线L的一端连接，示例性的，各介电板307之间可以通过粘结胶连接，当然各介电板307之间也可以通过注塑等工艺形成一体结构。
每一介电板307与一个第一天线枝节201对应。示例性的，第一天线枝节201、第二天线枝节301的数量可以均为4个，相应的，第一介电柱205的截面可以呈正方形状，第一介电柱205的侧壁包括4个侧面，每一侧面与正方形的一个边对应；相应的，介电板307为4个，每一介电板307与一个侧面对应，并与该侧面垂直，即第一介电柱205和各介电板307围成“田”字形结构。当然，第一天线枝节201、第二天线枝节301的数量也可以均为6个，相应的，第一介电柱205的截面可以呈正六边形状，第一介电柱205的侧壁包括6个侧面，每一侧面与正六边形的一个边对应；相应的，介电板307为6个，每一介电板307与一个侧面对应，并与该侧面垂直。
在上述实现方式中，每一第二天线枝节301与一个第一天线枝节201对应，相对应的第二天线枝节301和第一天线枝节201中，第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端远离第一天线枝节201设置，也就是说，各第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端均靠近预设直线L设置，如此设置，可以增大第二馈电端与对应的第一天线枝节201之间的距离，以进一步提高第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301之间的隔离度。
可以理解的是，相对应的第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301可以为所在平面垂直、并且相靠近的两个天线枝节。
如图23所示，本场景中，第一天线阵列20的结构可以与场景一中的第一天线阵列20的结构大致相同，第一天线枝节201中各节段的尺寸可以与场景一中不同。示例性的，第一天线枝节201的总长度为50mm-73mm(如50mm、62.7mm、73mm等)。示例性的，第一节段2011的长度d1可以为12mm-17mm(如12mm、15mm、17mm等)，第二节段2012和第五节段2015的长度和d2可以为30mm-38mm(如30mm、34.5mm、38mm等)，第三节段2013的长度d3可以为15mm-20mm(如15mm、18.5mm、20mm等)，第四节段2014的长度d4可以为3mm-8mm(如3mm、4.7mm、8mm等)。
图24为第一天线枝节上的电流分布图，由图24可知，第一电容202可以使第一天线枝节201上的电流为同向电流，并且使第一节段2011的电流幅值小于第二节段2012的电流幅值，同时使得第四节段2014的电流幅值也小于第二节段2012上的电流幅值，即使得第一天线枝节201工作在差模模式。
请参照图25，第二天线枝节301结构可以包括第六节段3011、第七节段3012、以及第八节段3013，其中第六节段3011、第七节段3012以及第八节段3013依次连接，并且第六节段3011和第八节段3013位于第七节段3012和基板10之间。在一个实施例中，第二天线枝节301还包括第九节段3014，第九节段3014可以由第八节段3013末端连接延伸，并位于第六节段3011和第八节段3013之间。其中，第六节段3011和第八节段3013均与基板10平行，第七节段3012和第九节段3014位于第六节段3011和第八节段3013之间，第六节段3011远离基板10一端与第七节段3012靠近的一端连接，第七节段3012远离第六节段3011一端与第八节段3013远离基板10的一端连接，第八节段3013靠近基板的一端与第九节段3014远离第六节段3011的一端连接；其中第六节段3011靠近基板10的一端可以为第二馈电端。在一个实施例中，第八节段3013可以作为第二天线枝节301的第二开放端。在一个实施例中，第八节段3013靠近基板10的一端与第九节段3014远离第六节段3011的一端连接，相应的，第九节段3014远离第八节段3013的一端可以作为第二开放端，并且第二开放端与基板10上的导电接地层101间隔的设置。在一个实施例中，第二天线枝节301的第二开放端与基板10上的导电接地层101间隔的设置，并通过器件耦合。在一个实施例中，第二天线枝节301的第二开放端与基板10上的导电接地层101间隔的设置并且不通过器件耦合。其中，第七节段3012靠近第六节段3011的一端可以设置有向远离第六节段3011延伸的第十节段3015，第十节段3015可以用于对第二天线枝节301进行检测。
在一些实施例中，第二天线枝节301的总长度为40mm-62mm(如40mm、41.5mm、61.5mm、62mm等)。示例性的，第九节段3014的长度d7可以为1mm-5mm(如1mm、3mm、5mm等)，第八节段3013的长度d8可以为19mm-22mm(如19mm、20.5mm、22mm等)，第七节段3012和第十节段3015的长度和d6可以为15mm-20mm(如15mm、17.5mm、20mm等)。
在上述实现方式中，第三电容302可以设置在第六节段3011靠近基板10的一端和基板10之间，并且第三电容302可以位于介电板307上，第三电容302的一端与第二馈电端电连接，第三电容302的另一端可以用于连接第二馈电设备。在第二天线阵列30包括第四电容305的实现方式中，第四电容305可以设置在第九节段3014和基板10之间，第四电容305的一端与第二开放端电连接，第四电容305的另一端可以与导电接地层101电连接。
图26为第二天线枝节301上的电流分布图，由图26可知，第三电容302使得第六节段3011上电流幅值小于第七节段3012上的电流幅值，同时第九节段3014上的电流幅值小于第八节段3013上的电流幅值，进而使得第二天线枝节301为差模天线。
图27为第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30工作在全球卫星导航系统频段时的有源S11曲线图，其中第一天线阵列20的第一工作频段低于第二天线阵列30的第二工作频段(例如：第一天线阵列20的第一工作频段可以为1.22GHz，第二天线阵列30的第一工作频段可以为1.58GHz)，其中曲线B1为第一天线阵列20对应的有源S11曲线图，曲线B2为第二天线阵列30对应的有源S11曲线图。此时没第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30可以同时分别激励起两个差模谐振模式，由图27中可以看出，此时的天线组件可以覆盖全球卫星导航系统的L1、L2、L5、B2、B1频段。
可以理解的是，在其他的实现方式中，第一天线阵列20的第一工作频段可以高于第二天线阵列30的第二工作频段，本场景对第一天线阵列20的第一工作频段和第二天线阵列30的第二工作频段的大小关系不作限制。
如图28所示，在一些实现方式中，第一天线阵列20可以与导电接地层101的几何中心间隔的设置，例如，可以将，第一天线阵列20设置在导电接地层101的靠近边缘或者靠近角落的位置。如此设置，天线组件的形状不规则，可以适应不规则的安装空间，以便于适配其他的设备安装空间。示例性的，导电接地层101可以呈长方形，导电接地层101长边的长度可以为250mm-300mm(如250mm、270mm、300mm等)，导电接地层101短边的长度可以为100mm-150mm(如100mm、120mm、150mm等)。相应的，第一天线阵列20的几何中心线可以位于长方形对角线的交点(几何中心)的一侧，使得第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置，其中第一介电柱205与靠近其的导电接地层101侧边之间的距离e8、e9可以为10mm-15mm(如10mm、12.5mm、15mm等)。
图29为第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置时第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的增益图，图中G1为第二天线阵列30对应的增益曲线，G2为第一天线阵列20对应的增益曲线。由图29中可以看出，在L1、L2、L5、B2、B1频段内第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30均具有较高的增益，以使得天线组件具有较高的定位精度。
图30为第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置时第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的轴向(天顶方向)轴比图，图中Z1为第二天线阵列30对应的轴比图，Z2为第一天线阵列20对应的轴比图。图31为第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置时第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比图，图中Z4为第二天线阵列30对应的最大轴比图，Z3为第一天线阵列20对应的最大轴比图。由图30和图31可知，在L1、L2、L5、B2、B1频段内第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的轴比均较小，以保证天线组件的性能。
本场景中，天线组件也可以包括导电环40，导电环40可以设置在第一天线阵列20背离基板10的一侧，以提高天线组件的增益、并降低天线组件的轴比，进而提高天线组件的性能。
本场景中，向第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30馈入信号的馈源可以为同一馈源也可以为不同的馈源，第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30馈电可以与场景一大致相同，在此不再赘述。
场景三
请参照图32，本场景中第一天线阵列20包括第一介电柱205，第一介电柱205设置在基板10上，第一介电柱205的几何中心线与预设直线L共线。多个第一天线枝节201设置在第一介电柱205的侧壁上。
示例性的，在第一天线枝节201的数量为4个的实现方式中，第一介电柱205可以呈长方体状，并且第一介电柱205在基底上的投影可以呈正方形；相应的，第一介电柱205具有4个侧面，每一侧壁与正方形的一侧边对应，每一第一天线枝节201设置在一个侧面。
请参照图33，第一天线枝节201可以包括沿平行于预设直线L方向延伸的第一节段2011、沿垂直于预设直线L方向延伸的第二节段2012、以及导电片207；第一节段2011位于第二节段2012和基板10之间，第一节段2011靠近基板10的一端可以为第一馈电端，第一节段2011远离基板10的一端与第二节段2012靠近第一节段2011的一端连接，第二节段2012远离第一节段2011的一端与导电片207连接，导电片207远离第二节段2012的一端可以作为第一开放端，并且导电片207与基板10上的导电接地层101间隔的设置。
在一些实现方式中，第一天线枝节201还包括第三节段2013，第三节段2013与第二节段2012共线设置，第三节段2013位于第一节段2011远离第二节段2012的一侧，第三节段2013靠近第二节段2012的一端与第二节段2012连接。通过第三节段2013可以对第一天线枝节201进行测试，以便于对第一天线枝节201的测试。
在上述实现方式中，第一天线枝节201的总长度为40mm-70mm(如40mm、48mm、68mm、70mm等)。
示例性的，第一节段2011的长度d1可以为10mm-20mm(如10mm、15mm、20mm等)，第二节段2012和第三节段2013的长度和d2可以为35mm-45mm(如35mm、40mm、45mm等)，导电片207的长度d9可以为10mm-15mm(如10mm、13mm、15mm等)。
在上述实现方式中，第一节段2011靠近基板10的一端为第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端，相应的，第一电容202的一个极板与第一馈电端电连接，第一电容202的另一个极板可以与第一馈电设备耦合，以使得第一馈电设备可以通过第一电容202向第一天线枝节201馈电。
可以理解的是，第一电容202可以设置在第一介电柱205上，并且，第一电容202可以设置在第一馈电端和基板10之间，以提高天线组件的结构紧凑性。
图34示出了第一天线枝节201上的电流分布图，图中表示电流的箭头密度与电流幅值大小正相关，由图34可知，第一电容202可以调节第一天线枝节201上的电流分布，以使得第一天线枝节201上的电流为同向电流，并且第一节段2011和导电片207上的电流幅值较小，第二节段2012上的电流幅值较大，进而使第一天线枝节201工作在DM模式。
继续参照图33，在天线组件包括第二天线阵列30的实现方式中，多个第二天线枝节301设置在第一介电柱205的侧壁上，也就是说，第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301均设置在第一介电柱205的侧壁上，如此设置，可以提高天线组件的结构紧凑性，进一步减小了天线组件的体积和质量。
第二天线枝节301的数量可以与第一天线枝节201的数量相同，并且每一第二天线枝节301与一个第一天线枝节201对应。在第一介电柱205呈长方体状的实现方式中，每一第二天线枝节301设置在一个侧面上。
天线组件还包括多个滤波电容306，每一第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端通过一个滤波电容306与第一天线枝节201的馈电端电耦合，即第二天线枝节301通过第一馈电端馈电。示例性的，在第一天线枝节201包括第一节段2011的实现方式中，第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端可以通过对应的滤波电容306与第一节段2011连接。
在一些实现方式中，第二天线枝节301可以包括依次连接第六节段3011、以及第七节段3012，第六节段3011和第七节段3012可以设置在第二节段2012和基板10之间，并且，第七节段3012位于第六节段3011和基板10之间，第六节段3011沿平行于基板10的方向延伸，第七节段3012沿平行与预设直线L的方向延伸，第六节段3011靠近第一节段2011的一端可以为第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端，第二馈电端通过第一滤波电容306与第一节段2011连接，第六节段3011远离第一节段2011的一端与第七节段3012背离基板10一端连接。在一些实施例中，第二天线枝节301还可以包括第八节段3013，第八节段3013与第七节段3012的末端连接，第八节段3013位于第七节段3012和基板10之间，并沿平行于基板10方向向第一节段2011延伸。在一些实施例中，第七节段3012的末端可以为第二天线枝节301的第二开放端。在第二天线枝节301包括第八节段3013的实现方式中，第八节段3013可以为第二天线枝节301的第二开放端。通过上述设置，第二天线枝节301向内弯折设置，可以在保证第二天线枝节301具有一定长度的同时，减小第二天线枝节301占用的空间，以减小第一介电柱205的体积，进而便于实现天线组件的小型化。
在上述实现方式中，第二天线枝节301的总长度为45mm-55mm(如45mm、48mm、55mm等)。
示例性的，第六节段3011的长度d5可以为30mm-40mm(如30mm、34.4mm、40mm等)，第七节段3012的长度d6可以为5mm-10mm(如5mm、8mm、10mm等)，第八节段3013的长度d8可以为4mm-10mm(如4mm、6mm、10mm等)。
本场景中，滤波电容306的电容值可以为0.1pF-1pF(如0.1pF、0.5pF、1pF等)，通过滤波电容306可以对信号进行过滤，进而在通过第一馈电端向第一天线枝节201馈电时，进入第二天线枝节301内的电流减少，在通过第一馈电端向第二天线枝节301馈电时，滤波电容306可以将绝大部分电流输送至第二天线枝节301。也就是说，通过第一馈电端可以分别向第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301馈电，相应的，可以只设置第一馈电设备即可实现第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301的馈电，无需设置第二馈电设备，即向第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30馈入信号的馈源为同一馈源，可以简化系统的结构。
图35示出了第二天线枝节301上的电流分布图，图中表示电流的箭头密度与电流幅值大小正相关，由图35可知，通过第一馈电端向第二天线枝节301馈电时，第一电容202可以调节第二天线枝节301上的电流分布，以使得第二天线枝节301上电流为同向电流，并且向靠近第七节段3012的方向第六节段3011上的电流幅值逐渐增大，第八节段3013和第七节段3012向靠近第六节段3011的方向上电流幅值逐渐增大，进而使第二天线枝节301工作在DM模式。
图36为第一天线阵列20工作在全球卫星导航系统频段时的有源S11曲线图，其中第一天线枝节201的第一工作频段可以小于第二天线枝节301的第二工作频段，此时第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30可以分别激励起两个差模谐振模式，由图36中可以看出，此时的天线组件可以覆盖全球卫星导航系统的L1、L5、B2、B1频段。
继续参照图32，本场景中，第一天线阵列20可以与导电接地层101的几何中心间隔的设置，也就是说，第一天线阵列20设置在导电接地层101的靠近边缘或者靠近角落的位置。如此设置，天线组件的形状不规则，可以适应不规则的安装空间，以便于适配其他的设备安装空间。示例性的，导电接地层101可以呈长方形，导电接地层101长边的长度可以为250mm-300mm(如250mm、270mm、300mm等)，导电接地层101短边的长度可以为100mm-150mm(如100mm、120mm、150mm等)。相应的，第一天线阵列20的几何中心可以位于长方形对角线的交点(中心)的一侧，使得第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置，其中第一介电柱205与靠近其的导电接地层101侧边之间的距离e8、e9可以为10mm-15mm(如10mm、12.5mm、15mm等)。
图37为第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置时第一天线阵列20的增益图(天顶方向±30°内最大增益)，由图中可以看出，在L1、L5、B2、B1频段内第一天线阵列20具有较高的增益，以使得天线组件具有较高的定位精度。图38为第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置时第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的轴向(天顶方向)轴比图，图中Z1为第一天线阵列20对应的轴比曲线，Z2为第二天线阵列30对应的轴比曲线。图39为第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置时第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比图，图中Z3为第一天线阵列20对应的最大轴比曲线，Z4为第二天线阵列30对应的最大轴比曲线。由图37-图39可知，在L1、L5、B2、B1频段内第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的轴比均较小，以保证天线组件的性能。
场景四
请参照图40和图41，本场景中的第一天线阵列20与场景二中的第一天线阵列20结构可以大致相同，不同之处在于，第一天线枝节201的总长度为50mm-80mm(如50mm、54.7mm、74.7mm、80mm等)，示例性的，第一节段2011的长度d1可以为15mm-20mm(如15mm、17mm、20mm等)，第二节段2012和第五节段2015的长度和d2可以为30mm-40mm(如30mm、34.5mm、40mm等)，第三节段2013的长度d3可以为15mm-20mm(如15mm、18.5mm、20mm等)，第四节段2014的长度d4可以为1mm-10mm(如1mm、4.7mm、10mm等)。
第一节段2011背离第二节段2012的一端可以为第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端，第一电容202与第一馈电端电连接，通过第一电容202向第一馈电端馈电。图42示出了第一天线枝节201上的电流分布图，图中表示电流的箭头密度与电流幅值大小正相关，由图42可知，第一电容202可以调节第一天线枝节201上的电流分布，以使得第一天线枝节201上的电流为同向电流，并且第一节段2011和第四节段2014上的电流幅值小于第二节段2012上的电流幅值，进而使第一天线枝节工作在DM模式。
请参照图40和图43，本场景中，天线组件还包括导电板308，导电板308与基板10平行且间隔的设置，第一天线阵列20设置在导电板308和基板10之间，导电板308在基板10上的投影位于多个第一天线枝节201在基板10上的投影围成的区域内。示例性的，导电板308可以呈正方向、圆形等形状，导电板308的材质可以包括铜、铝等金属。导电板308与第一天线阵列20之间间隔的设置，示例性的，导电板308与第一天线阵列20之间的距离e3(如图41所示)可以为1mm-5mm(如1mm、2.5mm、5mm等)。
导电板308上设置有多个条缝309，各条缝309贯穿导电板308，每一条缝309与一个第一天线枝节201对应，也就是说，各条缝309环绕预设直线L等圆心角的设置。条缝309在导电板308上延伸，以使得条缝309和其周围的导电板308构成缝隙天线，各缝隙天线环绕预设直线L等圆心角的设置。每一条缝309与一个第一天线枝节201的位置对应，示例性的，每一条缝309与一个第一天线枝节201靠近，以使得第一天线枝节201可以向导电板308耦合信号；也就是说，每一第一天线枝节201可以向与其对应的一个缝隙天线耦合信号，以使得各缝隙天线产生圆极化信号，即导电板308产生圆极化信号。
通过上述设置，导电板308中的缝隙天线与对应的第一天线枝节201可以通过同一第一馈电端进行馈电，相应的，仅通过第一馈电设备即可实现对缝隙天线和第一天线枝节201的馈电，无需设置第二馈电设备，即向第一天线阵列20和缝隙天线馈入信号的馈源为同一馈源，简化了系统结构。
继续参照图43，在上述实现方式中，条缝309可以包括由靠近预设直线L向外依次连接的第一缝体3091、第二缝体3092以及第三缝体3093，第一缝体3091和第三缝体3093与对应的第一介电柱205侧壁垂直设置，第二缝体3092位于第一缝体3091和第三缝体3093之间，并且第二缝体3092与对应的第一介电柱205侧壁平行设置，第三缝体3093的末端与导电板308外部连通。示例性的，条缝309的宽度e4可以为0.5mm-1.5mm(如0.5mm、1mm、1.5mm等)，第一缝体3091的长度e5可以为3mm-8mm(如3mm、5mm、8mm等)，第二缝体3092的长度e6可以为 9mm-13mm(如9mm、11mm、13mm等)，第三缝体3093的长度e7可以为25mm-35mm(如25mm、29.5mm、35mm等)。
通过上述设置，条缝309在导电板308上弯折延伸，可以在保证条缝309具有足够长度的同时，减小条缝309所占用的空间。
上述实现方式中，可以通过电镀、沉积等方式形成导电板308，并且在形成导电板308的同时形成为与导电板308上的条缝309。当然，也可以在形成导电板308之后通过蚀刻的方式去除部分材料，以形成条缝309。
本场景中，第一天线阵列20的第一工作频段可以低于各缝隙天线的工作频率，图44示出了第一天线枝节201向导电板308上耦合信号时，各缝隙天线上的电流分布图，图中表示电流的箭头密度与电流幅值大小正相关，由图44可知，条缝309由内到外电流幅值逐渐减小，进而使各缝隙天线工作在共模模式(common mode，简称CM模式)。由图42和图44可知，第一天线阵列20和各缝隙天线的极化方向相同，与第一天线阵列20和各缝隙天线的极化方向不同相比，第一天线阵列20和各缝隙天线的极化方向相同使得天线组件具有更高的增益和更低的轴比，进而提高了天线组件的性能。
可以理解的是，共模天线中，天线枝节中的电流分布为：电流方向相同，由馈电端向接地端电流幅值逐渐减小。
图45为第一天线阵列20工作在全球卫星导航系统频段时的有源S11曲线图，其中第一天线枝节201的第一工作频段小于各缝隙天线的工作频率，在各工作频率下，第一天线阵列20可以激励起差模谐振，与此同时各缝隙天线激励起共模谐振，由图中可以看出，此时的天线组件可以覆盖全球卫星导航系统的L1、L5、L2、B2、B1频段。
继续参照图40，本场景中，导电接地层101可以呈长方形，导电接地层101长边的长度可以为250mm-300mm(如250mm、271mm、300mm等)，导电接地层101短边的长度可以为100mm-150mm(如100mm、120mm、150mm等)。相应的，第一天线阵列20可以与长方形对角线的交点(几何中心)间隔的设置，使得第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置，其中第一介电柱205与靠近其的导电接地层101侧边之间的距离e8、e9可以为10mm-15mm(如10mm、12.5mm、15mm等)。
图46为第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置时第一天线阵列20和各缝隙天线的增益图(天顶方向±30°内)，图中G1为第一天线阵列20的增益曲线，G2为缝隙天线的增益曲线，由图中可以看出，在L1、L5、L2、B2、B1频段内第一天线阵列20和各缝隙天线均具有较高的增益，以使得天线组件具有较高的定位精度。
图47为第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置时第一天线阵列20的轴向(天顶方向)轴比图，图48为第一天线阵列20靠近长方形的导电接地层101一个顶点设置时第一天线阵列20在天顶方向±30°内的最大轴比图，由图47和图48可知，在L1、L5、L2、B2、B1频段内第一天线阵列20的轴比较小，使得天线组件具有较高的性能。
场景五
请参照图49，本场景中，第二天线阵列30包括第二介电柱303，第二介电柱303设置在基板10上，第二介电柱303与基板10连接；第二介电柱303的几何中心线可以与预设直线L共线设置，多个第二天线枝节301设置在第二介电柱303的侧壁上。示例性的，第二介电柱303可以呈长方体状，第二介电柱303在基板10上的投影可以呈正方形，相应的，第二介电柱303的侧壁包括4个侧面，每一侧面与正方形的一个边对应，第二天线枝节301可以为四个，每一第二天线枝节301设置在一个侧面上。
继续参照图49，第二天线枝节301包括馈电枝节3016、第一横向枝节3017以及第二横向枝节3018，馈电枝节3016与预设直线L平行设置，馈电枝节3016靠近基板10的一端可以为第二天线枝节301的第二馈电端，第一横向枝节3017和第二横向枝节3018共线设置，且第一横向枝节3017和第二横向枝节3018均与预设直线L垂直设置，第一横向枝节3017和第二横向枝节3018互相靠近的一端与馈电枝节3016的背离基板10的一端连接。第一横向枝节3017和第二横向枝节3018与导电接地层101间隔的设置。使用时，可以通过第二馈电设备向馈电枝节3016馈电。
如图49所示，第一横向枝节3017和第二横向枝节3018可以均向馈电枝节3016弯折，以在保证第一横向枝节3017和第二横向枝节3018具有足够长度的同时，减小第二天线枝节301占用的空间，以减小天线组件的体积。
第二介电柱303上设置有第二容置孔304，第二容置孔304的中心线与预设直线L共线，第一天线阵列20设置在第二容置孔304内，如此设置，可以降低天线组件的体积，以便于实现天线组件的小型化。其中，第一天线阵列20可以包括第一介电柱205，第一介电柱205设置在第二容置孔304内，第一介电柱205的几何中心线与预设直线L共线，多个第一天线枝节201设置在第一介电柱205的侧壁上。通过上述设置，第一介电柱205设置在第二容置孔304内，可以减小避免第一天线阵列20占用空间，进而减小天线组件的体积。另外，第一介电柱205的中心线与预设直线L共线，使得第一介电柱205的侧壁和第二介电柱303的侧壁之间的距离处处相等，以使得各第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301之间的距离相等。
在上述实现方式中，第一介电柱205上设置有第一容置孔206，第一容置孔206的中心线与预设直线L共线，通过设置第一容置孔206，可以减小第一介电柱205的质量，进而减小了天线组件的质量。可以理解的是，未被第一天线枝节201覆盖的第一介电柱205侧壁可以镂空设置，可以进一步减小天线组件的质量。
本场景中，第一介电柱205可以呈长方体状，并且第一介电柱205在基板10上的投影呈正方形，相应的，第一介电柱205的侧壁具有四个侧面，每一侧面与正方形的一个边对应，每一第一天线枝节201设置在一个从侧面上。第一介电柱205的每一侧面与一个第二介电柱303的一侧面对应，以使得每一第一天线枝节201与一个第二天线枝节301对应。
在上述实现方式中，第一天线枝节201可以包括第一节段2011、第二节段2012以及第三节段2013，第一节段2011和第三节段2013均与预设直线L平行设置，第二节段2012位于第一节段2011和第三节段2013之间，第二节段2012与预设直线L垂直设置，其中第一节段2011靠近基板10的一端可以为第一天线枝节201的第一馈电端，第一电容202与第一馈电端连接；第一节段2011远离基板10的一端与第二节段2012的一端连接，第二节段2012远离第一节段2011的一端与第三节段2013远离基板10一端连接，第三节段2013靠近基板10的一端与导电接地层101间隔的设置，并且第三节段2013靠近基板10的一端为第一天线枝节201的第一开放端。
本场景中，第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301的工作频率不等，示例性的，第一天线枝节201的第一工作频段可以高于第二天线枝节301的第二工作频段，当然，第一天线枝节201的第一工作频段也可以低于第二天线枝节301的第二工作频段。
本场景中，天线组件还可以包括导电环40，导电环40可以设置在第一天线阵列20背离基板10的一侧，导电环40与第一天线阵列20之间间隔的设置，第一天线枝节201用于向导电环40耦合信号。在使用时，导电环40内的感应电流方向与第一天线枝节201和第二天线枝节301的电流方向相同，在远场性能上起到同向的叠加效果，进而提高了第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的增益。另外，导电环40辐射的圆极化电磁波与第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30辐射的圆极化电磁波旋向相同(例如均为右旋圆极化电磁波)，导电环40上的电流与第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30上的电流相位变化相同、且极化相同，使第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30在长方形导电接地层101上的圆极化辐射更纯，一定程度上纠正了不对称环境(预设直线L位于导电接地层101中心一侧)对第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30圆极化的恶化，因此能降低第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30的轴比。
在其他的实现方式中，导电环40也可以设置在第二天线阵列30背离基板10的一侧；或者，在第一天线阵列20和第二天线阵列30背离基板10的一侧均设置有导电环40，本场景对此不作限制。可以理解的是，在导电环40设置在第一天线阵列20背离基板10的一侧(即导电环40正对第一天线阵列20)的实现方式中，导电环40主要提高第一天线阵列20的性能，在导电环40设置在第二天线阵列30背离基板10的一侧(即导电环40正对第二天线阵列30)的实现方式中，导电环40主要提高第二天线阵列30的性能。
本申请的各个实施例中，第一天线阵列20可以位于导电接地层101的几何中心上，即第一天线阵列20位于导电接地层101的中部，以便于应用在对称环境中。或者，第一天线阵列20与导电接地层101的几何中心间隔的设置，即第一天线阵列20位于导电接地层101边缘或者角落，以便于应用在非对称环境中；由于第一天线阵列20工作在差模模式下，其对非对称环境友好，仍然可以实现较好的圆极化，进而保证天线组件具有较好的性能。
本申请实施例还提供一种通信设备，该通信设备包括上述实施例中的天线组件，示例性的，通信设备可以包括远程信息处理器、通信基站、移动终端等，通信设备通过天线组件实现与其他设备之间的通信。通信设备可以包括外壳，外壳围设成安装腔体，天线组件设置在安装腔体内，外壳可以实现对天线组件固定，另外，外壳也可以实现对天线组件的保护及密封。
在通信设备包括远程信息处理器的实现方式中，远程信息处理位于车辆上，车辆包括车载主机，车载主机与远程信息处理器电连接。天线组件可以包括全球卫星导航系统(天线，以实现北斗卫星导航系统导航或者全球定位系统导航，相应的，车载主机可以通过远程信息处理器实现车辆的定位以及导航等功能。
如图50所示，在其他的实现方式中，通信设备也可以包括鲨鱼鳍天线120，相应的，外壳可以呈鱼鳍状，外壳可以安装在车辆的车体100上，鲨鱼鳍天线120与车载主机电连接，以使得车载主机可以通过鲨鱼鳍天线120实现车辆的定位以及导航等功能。
请参照图51，本申请实施例还提供一种车辆，车辆包括车体100以及上述实施例中的通信设备，通信设备设置在车体100，以通过通信设备实现车辆与外界其他设备之间的通信。
车体100围设成驾驶室和客舱，主、副驾驶员位于驾驶室内，其他的乘员位于客舱内，客舱后部的车体100上设置有后窗口，后窗口的上部设置有后扰流板110，通过后扰流板110可以调节车辆的风阻系数，以减小车辆的空气阻力。
在通信设备包括远程信息处理器的实现方式中，远程信息处理器可以设置在驾驶室内，当然远程信息处理器也可以设置在后扰流板110内，以免远程信息处理器占用车内空间。另外，后扰流板110位于车体100外部，远程信息处理器设置在后扰流板110内，可以避免金属车体100对信号阻挡，进而提高了通信质量。
如图50所示，在通信设备包括鲨鱼鳍天线120的实现方式中，鲨鱼鳍天线120可以设置在车体100的顶部。
以上所述，仅为本申请实施例的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (36)

  1. 一种天线组件，其特征在于，包括：
    基板，所述基板上设置有导电接地层；
    第一天线阵列，所述第一天线阵列设置在所述导电接地层上，所述第一天线阵列包括多个第一天线枝节，每一所述第一天线枝节所在的平面与所述基板之间具有第一预设夹角；
    第一电容，所述第一电容为多个，所述多个第一天线枝节中的每一个包括第一馈电端和第一开放端，每一所述第一电容与一个所述第一天线枝节的所述第一馈电端耦合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括：
    第二电容，所述第二电容为多个，每一所述第一天线枝节的所述第一开放端通过一个所述第二电容与所述导电接地层耦合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第二电容的电容值在0.1pF-0.5pF的范围内。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一电容的电容值在0.1pF-0.5pF的范围内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一馈电端和所述第一开放端为所述第一天线枝节沿其延伸方向相对的两端。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一天线枝节在所述第一馈电端和所述第一开放端之间的电流为同向电流，所述第一天线枝节上的电流幅值由所述第一馈电端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大，并且所述第一天线枝节上的电流幅值由所述第一开放端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括：
    电感，所述电感为多个，每一所述第一电容的一端与一个所述第一天线枝节的所述第一馈电端电连接，每一所述第一电容的另一端与一个所述电感的一端电连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，还包括第一馈源，其中，所述多个第一天线枝节中的每一个的所述第一馈电端均与所述第一馈源耦合，所述第一天线枝节用于接收所述第一馈源的信号以在第一工作频段辐射。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线组件，其特征在于，相邻所述第一天线枝节的所述第一馈电端接收的信号的相位差相等，以使得所述第一天线阵列产生圆极化信号。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括：
    第二馈源；以及
    第二天线阵列，所述第二天线阵列设置在所述导电接地层上，所述第二天线阵列包括多个第二天线枝节，每一所述第二天线枝节所在的平面与所述基板之间具有第二预设夹角，所述多个第二天线枝节中的每一个包括第二馈电端，多个所述第二馈电端均与所述第二馈源耦合，所述第二天线枝节用于接收所述第二馈源的信号以在第二工作频段辐射；
    所述第一工作频段和所述第二工作频段的频率不同。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括：
    第三电容，所述第三电容为多个，每一所述第二天线枝节的所述第二馈电端与一个所述第三电容耦合。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括：
    第四电容，所述第四电容为多个，所述多个第二天线枝节中的每一个还包括第二开放端，每一所述第二天线枝节的所述第二开放端通过一个所述第四电容与所述导电接地层耦合。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第三电容的电容值在0.1pF-0.5pF的范围内，所述第四电容的电容值在0.1pF-0.5pF的范围内。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述天线组件，其特征在于，所述第二馈电端和所述第二开放端为所述第二天线枝节沿延伸方向相对的两端。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述天线组件，其特征在于，所述第二天线枝节在所述第二馈电端和所述第二开放端之间的电流为同向电流，所述第二天线枝节上的电流幅值由所述第二馈电端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大，并且所述第二天线枝节上的电流幅值由所述第二开放端向其延伸方向的中部逐渐增大。
  16. 根据权利要求10-15任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一天线阵列还包括：
    第一介电柱，所述第一介电柱设置在所述基板上，多个所述第一天线枝节设置在所述第一介电柱的侧壁上。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一介电柱上设置有第一容置孔，所述第一介电柱的几何中心线，与所述第一容置孔的几何中心线共线，所述第二天线阵列设置在所述第一容置孔内。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第二天线阵列还包括第二介电柱，所述第二介电柱设置所述第一容置孔内，所述第二介电柱的几何中心线与所述第一介电柱的几何中心线共线，多个所述第二天线枝节设置在所述第二介电柱的侧壁上。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的天线组件，其特征在于，每一所述第二天线枝节与一个所述第一天线枝节对应，相对应的所述第一天线枝节和所述第二天线枝节中，相对于所述第一开放端，所述第一馈电端更加靠近所述第二天线枝节的第二馈电端设置；相对于所述第二馈电端，所述第一开放端更加靠近所述第二天线枝节的第二开放端设置。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的天线组件，其特征在于，相邻两个所述第一天线枝节中，前一所述第一天线枝节的第一开放端靠近后一所述第一天线枝节的所述第一馈电端设置，相邻两个所述第二天线枝节中，前一所述第二天线枝节的第二开放端靠近后一所述第二天线枝节的第二馈电端设置。
  21. 根据权利要求18-20任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，每一所述第二天线枝节与一个所述第一天线枝节对应，相对应的所述第一天线枝节和所述第二天线枝节之间的最小距离大于等于1mm。
  22. 根据权利要求18-21任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，各所述第一天线枝节相对于所述第一介电柱的几何中心线中心对称；各所述第二天线枝节相对于所述第二介电柱的几何中心线中心对称。
  23. 根据权利要求10-22任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一工作频段的频率大于所述第二工作频段的频率。
  24. 根据权利要求17所述的天线组件，其特征在于，各所述第二天线枝节均设置在所述第一容置孔内，各所述第二天线枝节所在的平面相交于所述第一介电柱的几何中心线。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第二天线阵列包括设置在所述第一容置孔内的多个介电板，每一所述第二天线枝节设置在一个所述介电板上。
  26. 根据权利要求24或25所述的天线组件，其特征在于，每一所述第二天线枝节与一个所述第一天线枝节对应，相对应的所述第二天线枝节和所述第一天线枝节中，所述第二天线枝节的第二馈电端远离所述第一天线枝节设置。
  27. 根据权利要求24-26任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一工作频段的频率小于所述第二工作频段的频率。
  28. 根据权利要求23或27所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一工作频段的频率与所述第二工作频段的频率的差值大于等于180MHz。
  29. 根据权利要求10-28任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括导电环，所述导电环设置在所述第一天线阵列和第二天线阵列背离所述基板的一侧，所述导电环与所述第一天线枝节之间的距离小于等于11mm。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述导电环上的电流方向与所述第一天线枝节上的电流方向相同。
  31. 根据权利要求29或30所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括介质板，所述介质板与所述基板平行且间隔的设置，所述导电环设置在所述介质板上。
  32. 根据权利要求10所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括多个滤波电容，每一所述第二天线枝节的第二馈电端通过一个所述滤波电容与一个所述第一天线枝节的第一馈电端电耦合。
  33. 根据权利要求30所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述第一天线阵列还包括：
    第一介电柱，所述第一介电柱设置在所述基板上，多个所述第一天线枝节和多个所述第二天线枝节均设置在所述第一介电柱的侧壁上。
  34. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的天线组件，其特征在于，所述天线组件还包括导电板，所述导电板与所述基板平行且间隔的设置，所述第一天线阵列位于所述导电板和基板之间，所述导电板和所述第一天线阵列间隔的设置，所述导电板在所述基板上的投影位于多个所述第一天线枝节在所述基板上的投影围成的区域内；
    所述导电板上设置有多个条缝，每一所述条缝与一个所述第一天线枝节的位置对应，所述第一天线枝节用于向所述导电板耦合信号。
  35. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括外壳以及权利要求1-34任一项所述天线组件，所述外壳围设成安装腔体，所述天线组件设置在所述安装腔体内。
  36. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括车体以及权利要求35所述的通信设备，所述通信设备设置在所述车体上。
PCT/CN2024/072624 2023-06-20 2024-01-16 天线组件、通信设备及车辆 Ceased WO2024259969A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP24824873.4A EP4716012A1 (en) 2023-06-20 2024-01-16 Antenna assembly, communication device, and vehicle
US19/426,275 US20260112808A1 (en) 2023-06-20 2025-12-19 Antenna assembly, communication device, and vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310743023.0 2023-06-20
CN202310743023.0A CN119171074A (zh) 2023-06-20 2023-06-20 天线组件、通信设备及车辆

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US19/426,275 Continuation US20260112808A1 (en) 2023-06-20 2025-12-19 Antenna assembly, communication device, and vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024259969A1 WO2024259969A1 (zh) 2024-12-26
WO2024259969A9 true WO2024259969A9 (zh) 2025-03-20

Family

ID=93884846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2024/072624 Ceased WO2024259969A1 (zh) 2023-06-20 2024-01-16 天线组件、通信设备及车辆

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20260112808A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP4716012A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN119171074A (zh)
WO (1) WO2024259969A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN120691109B (zh) * 2025-06-26 2025-12-23 广东工业大学 一种低剖面轻便型双频段北斗导航天线

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112997359B (zh) * 2018-12-17 2022-07-26 华为技术有限公司 一种天线阵列去耦结构及天线阵列
CN113745832B (zh) * 2020-05-29 2023-04-07 华为技术有限公司 天线和电子设备
CN213366800U (zh) * 2020-07-03 2021-06-04 华为技术有限公司 多频段共口径天线和通信设备
CN114678680B (zh) * 2022-04-09 2023-04-28 浙江金乙昌科技股份有限公司 一种中间挖空孔实现紧耦合的5g全频段车载天线
CN115939737A (zh) * 2022-12-29 2023-04-07 深圳市正浩创新科技股份有限公司 螺旋天线及无线通信装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN119171074A (zh) 2024-12-20
WO2024259969A1 (zh) 2024-12-26
US20260112808A1 (en) 2026-04-23
EP4716012A1 (en) 2026-03-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6292141B1 (en) Dielectric-patch resonator antenna
US7855689B2 (en) Antenna apparatus for radio communication
US6424300B1 (en) Notch antennas and wireless communicators incorporating same
US6218992B1 (en) Compact, broadband inverted-F antennas with conductive elements and wireless communicators incorporating same
US5945959A (en) Surface mounting antenna having a dielectric base and a radiating conductor film
CN112368889B (zh) 天线装置
CN110970709B (zh) 天线结构及具有该天线结构的无线通信装置
KR100851561B1 (ko) 안테나 및 이것을 이용한 전파송수신장치, 및 안테나의제조방법
JP2002524954A (ja) 円偏波された誘電体共振器アンテナ
WO2016100291A1 (en) Antenna systems with proximity coupled annular rectangular patches
US7372412B2 (en) Transceiver-integrated antenna
JP7644225B2 (ja) アンテナ・デバイス、アンテナ・デバイスのアレイ
US20260112808A1 (en) Antenna assembly, communication device, and vehicle
US5945950A (en) Stacked microstrip antenna for wireless communication
US20020047802A1 (en) Patch antenna device
US6819288B2 (en) Singular feed broadband aperture coupled circularly polarized patch antenna
JPH09298413A (ja) 車載窓ガラスアンテナ装置
WO2009042393A1 (en) Radio frequency antenna
JP2002094323A (ja) 円偏波アンテナ装置
EP3648244B1 (en) Antenna unit
CN115775976A (zh) 天线设备
CN119542753B (zh) 一种电子设备
WO2025036255A1 (zh) 用于电子设备的配件、外壳、通信设备及通信系统
CN120165220A (zh) 一种天线结构和电子设备
WO2025256431A1 (zh) 一种电子设备

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 24824873

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2024824873

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2024824873

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20251217

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2024824873

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20251217

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2024824873

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20251217

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2024824873

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20251217

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2024824873

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20251217

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2024824873

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20251217

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2024824873

Country of ref document: EP