WO2025002982A1 - Procédé de mise en fonctionnement d'une éolienne, et éolienne - Google Patents

Procédé de mise en fonctionnement d'une éolienne, et éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025002982A1
WO2025002982A1 PCT/EP2024/067271 EP2024067271W WO2025002982A1 WO 2025002982 A1 WO2025002982 A1 WO 2025002982A1 EP 2024067271 W EP2024067271 W EP 2024067271W WO 2025002982 A1 WO2025002982 A1 WO 2025002982A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
drives
drive
rotatable component
torque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2024/067271
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Gellermann
Jan Erik MANITZ
Pablo Gil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nordex Energy SE and Co KG
Nordex Energy Spain SA
Original Assignee
Nordex Energy SE and Co KG
Nordex Energy Spain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP23202718.5A external-priority patent/EP4484744A1/fr
Priority claimed from EP23202619.5A external-priority patent/EP4484743A1/fr
Priority claimed from EP23383070.2A external-priority patent/EP4484745A1/fr
Application filed by Nordex Energy SE and Co KG, Nordex Energy Spain SA filed Critical Nordex Energy SE and Co KG
Priority to EP24733969.0A priority Critical patent/EP4735761A1/fr
Publication of WO2025002982A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025002982A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/101—Nacelles
    • F03D1/181—Nacelles characterised by the connection to the tower, e.g. yaw systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/103—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
    • F05B2270/1032—Torque
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/329—Azimuth or yaw angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/60—Control system actuates through
    • F05B2270/602—Control system actuates through electrical actuators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method for operating a wind turbine . Furthermore, the disclosure relates to a computer program, a computer-readable data carrier, a control system and a wind turbine .
  • Wind turbines are widely known and are used to convert wind energy into electrical energy . Some components of the wind turbine , like the nacelle or the rotor blades , need to be rotated during operation, even at extreme conditions , like at high wind speeds .
  • One obj ect to be achieved is to provide a method which contributes to an increased li fetime of the wind turbine , particularly of the drives for rotating components . Further obj ects to be achieved are to provide a computer program, a computer-readable data carrier, a control system and a wind turbine for executing such a method .
  • the method is for operating a wind turbine having a rotatable component and at least two drives for rotating the rotatable component by exerting torques .
  • the method comprises a step of providing first information which is representative of a position setpoint of the rotatable component and a step of providing second information which is representative of an operational variable of the wind turbine .
  • third information is determined depending on the second information, wherein the third information is representative of which drive is to be operated as a master drive .
  • the drive to be operated as the master drive depends on the operational variable .
  • a step is executed in which operating setpoints for the drives are determined depending on the first information and the third information such that , when the drives are operated according to the operating setpoints , the drives bring or keep the rotatable component at the position setpoint by exerting torques .
  • the torques exerted by the drives are at least temporarily di f ferent .
  • the operating setpoints are determined such that the value of the torque exerted by the master drive is always greater than or at least equal to the value of the torque exerted by the at least one other drive .
  • the present invention is , inter alia, based on the recognition that , when a control system for a wind turbine always uses the same drive as the master drive , one or more drives , exert a larger absolute value of the torque when averaged over time than one or more other drives . This is because the wind direction at the location of the wind turbine is not equally distributed over time . Rather, in most of the cases , there is a preferred wind direction .
  • the drive or drives being operated with the larger mean absolute value of the torque are , on average , also operated with larger operating currents and, accordingly, are subj ect to greater temperatures and larger wear .
  • the master drive is selected depending on at least one operational variable .
  • the drive to be operated as the master drive can be changed so that wear is more equally distributed over the drives . Accordingly, the drives can be used longer and the li fetime of the whole wind turbine can be increased .
  • the method speci fied herein is , in particular, a computer implemented method, i . e . is performed with the help of a computer or a processor .
  • a setpoint herein defines a certain target to be achieved when operating the wind turbine .
  • the position setpoint is the target value of the position of the rotatable component .
  • the operating setpoint defines the target operation of a drive .
  • An operating setpoint for a drive is , in particular, equivalent to control/operation information for the drive .
  • information is representative of a certain quantity or certain quantities
  • the quantity/quantities is/are stored in the information, or at least data are stored in the information, from which the quantity/quantities can be derived or determined or calculated, respectively .
  • information is , in particular, electronic information, like electronic data .
  • the drives may each comprise an electric motor .
  • each drive may comprise a gearbox and a pinion .
  • the electric motors apply an input rotational speed and an input torque to the gearbox, which is trans formed thereby to an output rotational speed and an output torque and is applied to the pinion .
  • the transmission ratio between the input rotational speed and the output rotational speed of the gearbox of each drive is at least 100 or at least 1000 . That is , on one side of the gearbox the electric motor rotates at least 100 or at least 1000 times faster than the pinion on the other side of the gearbox .
  • the drives may be attached to the rotatable component so that they rotate together with the rotatable component .
  • the drives then mesh with and exert torques to a non-rotatable element which in turn may cause the rotation of the rotatable component .
  • the drives are rotationally fixed and do not rotate together with the rotational component .
  • the drives may then mesh with and may exert torques to the rotatable component , which can cause its rotation .
  • the first information is representative of a position setpoint of the rotatable component .
  • the position setpoint is , in particular, an angle between 0 ° and 360 ° .
  • the second information is representative of the operation time of the wind turbine .
  • the operation time is the time for which the wind turbine has been operated so far . It may be the time passed since the first operation of the wind turbine or only the accumulated time over which the wind turbine has produced electric energy .
  • the third information is representative of which drive is to be operated as a master drive . All other drives except the master drive are forced to exert a value of the torque which is lower than or at most the same as the value of the torque of the master drive .
  • the "value of the torque" can herein either be the numerical value ( the real number ) or the absolute value (magnitude ) of the torque .
  • the numerical value takes into account the sign so that a torque value of 0 Nm is larger than a torque value of - 10 Nm, for example .
  • the third information is determined depending on the second information such that the drive to be operated as the master drive depends on the operational variable .
  • the operational variable could be an operation time , for example .
  • the drive to be operated as the master drive is changed after a certain operation time has passed .
  • the certain operation time may be at least one month and/or at most one year .
  • the operating setpoints for the drives are determined depending on the first and the third information . Particularly, an operating setpoint is determined for each drive , wherein the operating setpoint assigned to a drive defines the operation of that drive . For each drive , the corresponding operating setpoint may be or may be representative of a current setpoint or a torque setpoint .
  • the operating setpoints are determined such that , when the drives are operated according to the operating setpoints , the drives bring or keep the rotatable component at the position setpoint by exerting torques .
  • the operating setpoints are configured to cause an operation of the drives such that the drives bring or keep the rotatable component at the position setpoint by exerting torques .
  • To bring or keep the rotatable component at the position setpoint means that the drives are operated such that the di f ference between the actual position of the rotatable component and the position setpoint is minimi zed . In other words , the rotatable component is kept in or brought to a position which corresponds to the position setpoint .
  • the torques exerted by the drives when the drives are operated with the operating setpoints are at least temporarily, i.e. temporarily or permanently, different from each other. This means that the torques of at least two drives differ from each other, at least for a certain time period.
  • torques when torques are different, this means that the torques are set to be different, i.e. they are different on purpose.
  • the drives may be operated with different torques, i.e. with a torque difference between at least two drives.
  • the drives may then be tensioned against each other.
  • the first threshold value may correspond to an average torque exerted by the drives, which is between 30% and 80% or between 30% and 50% of Mmax .
  • the torque difference is then set to be at least 0.01-
  • Mmax is the value of the maximum torque which can be provided by a single drive.
  • the drives may all be operated with the same torque (same numerical value of the torque) .
  • the external torque is, in particular, torque which is not induced by the drives but torque against which the drives have to fight.
  • the operational variable is an operation time. It could be the operation time of the whole wind turbine. Alternatively, the operation time could be the time for which a drive has already been operated. For example, the operation time is the time interval, for which the current master drive has already been operated as the master drive. The time interval could be the uninterrupted time for which the current master drive has been operated as the master drive or the accumulated time, i.e. with interruptions, for which the current master drive has been operated as the master drive. If the operation time reaches a certain value, e.g. a predetermined and/or fixed value, the third information is determined such that the drive which is operated as the master drive is changed.
  • a certain value e.g. a predetermined and/or fixed value
  • the operational variable could be the ratio of the accumulated time for which the current master drive has been operated as the master drive divided by the accumulated time for which the current master drive has not been the master drive. If this ratio reaches a certain value, e.g. a predetermined and/or fixed value, the third information is determined such that the drive which is operated as the master drive is changed.
  • the operational variable is an accumulated load or accumulated damage, respectively.
  • it may be an accumulated load of a component of the wind turbine, particularly of a component of the yaw system or the pitch system.
  • the operational variable is the accumulated load of one of the drives, e.g. the current master drive. If the accumulated load reaches a threshold, particularly a predetermined threshold, the third information is determined such that the drive which is operated as the master drive is changed.
  • the operational variable is a remaining lifetime. For example, it is the remaining lifetime of the whole wind turbine or of a component of the wind turbine , particularly of a component of the yaw system or the pitch system .
  • the operational variable is the remaining li fetime of one of the drives , e . g . the current master drive . I f the remaining li fetime reaches a threshold, particularly a predetermined threshold, the third information is determined such that the drive which is operated as the master drive is changed .
  • the operational variable is the time over which a torque has exceeded a threshold .
  • the torque is the torque exerted by the current master drive or an external torque acting on the rotatable component .
  • the threshold may be a predetermined threshold .
  • the time over which the threshold has been exceed may be an interrupted or uninterrupted time interval . I f the time over which the torque has exceeded the threshold reaches a certain value , e . g . a predetermined value , the third information is determined such that the drive which is operated as the master drive is changed .
  • the third information is determined such that the drive to be operated as the master drive is changed" means that another drive will be operated as a master drive after the operational variable has reached the threshold or certain value .
  • the operational variable may be reset when the drive to be operated as the master drive is changed .
  • the wind turbine comprises at least three drives for rotating the rotatable component .
  • the wind turbine comprises four or more drives , particularly six drives , for rotating the rotatable component .
  • the third information is determined such that the three drives alternatingly become the master drive. For example, between each change of the master drive, a time of at least one month and/or at most one year passes. Particularly, the third information is determined such that each of the drives becomes the master drive at least once.
  • the master drive is changed every time a fixed time interval has passed.
  • the fixed time interval is, for example, a time interval between one month and one year, e.g. a time interval of half a year.
  • the method comprises a step of providing fourth information which is representative of a torque difference setpoint between the torques exerted by the drives.
  • the torque difference setpoint is the target value of the absolute value of the torque difference between the torques of two drives.
  • the second information may be representative of several torque difference setpoints.
  • the torque difference setpoint for each drive then refers to the torque difference between the drive and the master drive.
  • the operating setpoints are determined also depending on the fourth information in order to make the torques exerted by the drives fulfill the torque difference setpoint.
  • the method comprises a step of providing fifth information.
  • the fifth information is representative of the actual torque difference between the actual torques exerted by the drives.
  • the actual electric currents with which the electric motors are actually operated are determined and these currents are then stored in the fifth information.
  • the actual electric currents may be determined from the PWM-signals transmitted to the drives by using a motor model. Indeed, the electric current is proportional to the torque so that the difference between the currents of the electric motors is representative of the difference between the torques.
  • the operating setpoints are determined also depending on the fifth information, e.g. by using a feedback loop, particularly a negative feedback loop, with the fourth and the fifth information as input information so that the difference between the torque difference setpoint and the actual torque difference is minimized.
  • the fourth and the fifth information are repeatedly or continuously provided and compared.
  • the operating setpoints are repeatedly or continuously determined or adjusted, respectively, in order to make the actual torque difference to match the torque difference setpoint.
  • Determining the operating setpoints depending on the fourth and the fifth information by using the feedback loop may be realized with the help of a controller, herein also called "tension controller".
  • the tension controller is, for example, a proportional (P-) controller.
  • P- proportional
  • the tension controller determines at least one actuating variable.
  • the operating setpoints may be representative of this actuating variable and/or may be determined depending on this actuating variable . By being operated according to the operating setpoints , the operation of the drives can then be adj usted according to the actuating variable .
  • the method comprises a step of providing sixth information which is representative of rotational speed setpoints of the drives .
  • the rotational speed setpoints are the target values of the rotational speeds of the drives for bringing or keeping the rotatable component at the position setpoint .
  • the sixth information is determined depending on the first information . That is , the rotational speed setpoints may be determined depending on the position setpoint .
  • the “rotational speeds of the drives” herein means , in particular, the rotational speeds as input into the gearboxes , i . e . as provided by the electric motors .
  • the method comprises a step of providing seventh information which is representative of the actual rotational speeds of the drives .
  • the actual rotational speeds of the drives may be determined with the help of measurements .
  • incremental encoders may be used to measure the rotational speeds of the drives .
  • the operating setpoints are determined also depending on the sixth and the seventh information .
  • the operating setpoints are determined by using further feedback loops with the sixth and the seventh information as input information so that the di f ferences between the actual rotational speeds and the corresponding rotational speed setpoints are minimized.
  • the feedback loops are, in particular, negative feedback loops.
  • the sixth and seventh information are repeatedly or continuously provided and compared.
  • the operating setpoints are determined repeatedly or continuously in order to make the actual rotational speeds match the rotational speed setpoints.
  • each of the drives is assigned a controller, like a PI (proportional-integral) controller, which are herein also called "speed controllers".
  • the speed controllers may then determine, depending on the deviations between the actual rotational speeds and the rotational speed setpoints, actuating variables.
  • the operating setpoints are then, for example, these actuating variables.
  • the method comprises the step of determining eighth information depending on the fourth and the fifth information.
  • the eighth information is representative of an offset rotational speed and the offset rotational speed depends on the difference between the torque difference setpoint and the actual torque difference.
  • the offset rotational speed is, in particular, a target difference between the rotational speeds of the drives. The greater the difference between the torque difference setpoint and the actual torque difference, the greater the offset rotational speed may be.
  • Determining the eighth information may be done by the above- mentioned tension controller.
  • the offset rotational speed is the actuating variable determined with the tension controller.
  • the sixth information is determined depending on the eighth information such that the rotational speed setpoint of at least one drive is the rotational speed setpoint of another drive minus the offset rotational speed.
  • the offset rotational speed is determined to be comparatively large and, accordingly, the rotational speed setpoints of the drives are much different.
  • the offset rotational speed may be smaller or may be zero.
  • the offset rotational speed is always subtracted from the rotational speed setpoint of the (current) master drive.
  • the method comprises a step of providing ninth information which is representative of the actual position of the rotatable component.
  • the ninth information may be determined depending on measurements. For example, the rotational position of the rotatable component is determined with the help of an incremental encoder.
  • the operating setpoints are determined also depending on the ninth information. For example, this is done by using a further feedback loop, particularly a negative feedback loop, with the first and the ninth information as input information so that the difference between the actual position and the position setpoint is minimized. That is, also the ninth information and, if applicable, the first information may be repeatedly or continuously provided and, accordingly, the operating setpoints are repeatedly or continuously determined and generated depending on the first and the ninth information in order to make the actual position to match the position setpoint .
  • This feedback loop may be reali zed with the help of a further controller, herein also referred to as "position controller" .
  • position controller determines actuating variables , wherein the operating setpoints may be determined depending on these actuating variables .
  • the actuating variables are , for example , the rotational speed setpoints .
  • the rotatable component is a component of a yaw system of the wind turbine .
  • the rotatable component is a nacelle of the wind turbine or a carrier for a nacelle or a yaw bearing .
  • the rotatable component is a component of a pitch system of the wind turbine .
  • the rotatable component is a rotor blade of the wind turbine or a carrier for a rotor blade or a pitch bearing .
  • the computer program comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by a control system, cause the control system to carry out the method for operating a wind turbine according to any one of the embodiments described herein .
  • the computer-readable data carrier has the computer program stored thereon .
  • control system comprises means configured to execute the method for operating a wind turbine according to any one of the embodiments described herein .
  • the method is carried out when the above-mentioned computer program is executed by the control system .
  • the control system may comprise at least one processor and/or at least one programmable logic controller, pic for short . Additionally, the control system may comprise one or more drive control modules which convert the operating setpoints into actual electric signals , e . g . PWM signals , with which drives are controlled .
  • the control system may be part of the wind turbine .
  • the control system comprises means with the help of which the actual torque di f ference between the actual torques exerted by the drives is determinable .
  • the means may be the current sensors of the one or more drive control modules .
  • the actual torques or actual torque di f ferences can be derived from the electric currents .
  • control system may comprise particular means , like sensors , with the help of which the external load and/or the actual torque di f ference and/or the actual torques are directly determinable .
  • control system further comprises means , particularly sensors , with the help of which the actual rotational speeds of the drives are determinable .
  • control system comprises incremental encoders , particularly one incremental encoder for each drive .
  • control system further comprises means , particularly a sensor, with the help of which the actual position of the rotatable component is determinable .
  • control system comprises an incremental encoder assigned to the rotatable component .
  • the wind turbine comprises at least one rotatable component as well as at least two drives which are configured to rotate the rotatable component by exerting torques .
  • the wind turbine further comprises the control system as speci fied herein .
  • the control system is signally connectable or signally connected to the drives in order to enable an operation of the drives according to the operating setpoints .
  • the wind turbine is , in particular, configured to execute the method according to any of the embodiments described herein .
  • the drives are operated according to the operating setpoints .
  • the rotatable component of the wind turbine may be a component of the yaw system and/or the pitch system, like the nacelle or a nacelle carrier or a rotor blade or a rotor blade carrier .
  • the method for operating a wind turbine , the control system and the wind turbine will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings on the basis of exemplary embodiments .
  • the accompanying figures are included to provide a further understanding .
  • elements of the same structure and/or functionality may be referenced by the same reference signs . It is to be understood that the embodiments shown in the figures are illustrative representations and are not necessarily drawn to scale . Insofar as elements or components correspond to one another in terms of their function in di f ferent figures , the description thereof is not repeated for each of the following figures . For the sake of clarity, elements might not appear with corresponding reference symbols in all figures .
  • Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the wind turbine
  • Figure 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a yaw system in a perspective view
  • Figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a yaw system in a cross-sectional view
  • Figure 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a yaw system in a top view
  • Figure 5 shows a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of the method for operating a wind turbine
  • Figures 6 and 7 show an exemplary embodiment of the control system at two di f ferent operation times
  • Figures 8 and 9 show an exemplary embodiment of the yaw system during operation with an exemplary embodiment of the method
  • Figure 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of an operation of a drive control module .
  • FIG. 1 shows a wind turbine 100 which comprises a tower 20 .
  • the tower 20 is fixed to the ground by means of a foundation 104 .
  • a nacelle 40 is rotatably mounted .
  • the nacelle 40 comprises , for example , a generator which is coupled to a rotor 10 via a gearbox (not shown) .
  • the rotor 10 comprises three (wind turbine ) rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3 , which are arranged on a rotor hub 112 , said rotor hub 112 being connected to a rotor shaft (not shown) .
  • the rotor 10 is set in rotation by an air flow, for example wind .
  • This rotational movement is transmitted to the generator via the drive train comprising, inter alia, the rotor shaft and the gearbox .
  • the generator converts the mechanical energy of the rotor 10 into electrical energy .
  • the nacelle 40 For optimi zing the energy output of the wind turbine 100 , the nacelle 40 has to be rotated into the wind . Moreover, the pitch angles of the rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3 have to be set according to the wind speed . This is done with the help of drives (not shown) which rotate the rotor blades 1 , 2 , 3 and the nacelle 40 to a respective target position .
  • the wind turbine comprises a control system 30 which determines operating setpoints with which the drives are operated.
  • the control system 30 is located in the nacelle 40.
  • FIG 2 shows a detailed view of an exemplary embodiment of a yaw system, e.g. the yaw system of the wind turbine of figure 1.
  • the nacelle 40 itself is not shown, only the carrier 4 for the nacelle 40.
  • This carrier 4 is rotatable together with the nacelle 40.
  • six drives dl to d6 are mounted on the carrier 4. These drives dl to d6 mesh with a yaw bearing 22 of the yaw system.
  • the yaw bearing 22 is fixed with respect to, for example, the tower 20.
  • the carrier 4 is rotated when the drives dl to d6 rotate .
  • Figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the yaw system, e.g. of the yaw system of figure 2, in more detail and in a cross-sectional view.
  • the yaw bearing 22 is mounted on the tower 20.
  • a brake disk 21 is mounted to the tower 20.
  • a brake caliper 14 is fixed to the carrier 4 and can be used to stop rotation of the carrier 4 and/or to hold the carrier 4 in position.
  • the brake disk 21 and the brake caliper 14 are optional.
  • FIG 3 shows only one of the drives, namely drive dl . All other drives may be formed identically.
  • Drive dl comprises an electric motor 11.
  • the electric motor 11 is operated depending on an operating setpoint OS_1 generated by the control system 30.
  • OS_1 an operating setpoint
  • drive dl is rotated and thereby exerts a certain torque.
  • the rotational speed and torque of the electric motor 11 is transmitted to a pinion 13 of the drive dl with the help of a gearbox 12.
  • the transmission ratio of the gearbox 12 is, for example, at least 100 or at least 500 so that the electric motor 11 rotates much faster than the pinion 13 .
  • the torque exerted by the pinion 13 onto the yaw bearing 22 is much larger than the torque provided by the electric motor 11 .
  • the control system 30 comprises an incremental encoder 23 .
  • the measurements taken with the help of the incremental encoder 23 are processed by the control system 30 .
  • another incremental encoder 24 is provided, with the help of which the actual rotational speed of the electric motor 11 of drive dl is determinable . These measurements are also processed by the control system 30 .
  • An individual incremental encoder 24 may be provided for each drive dl to d6 .
  • Figure 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a yaw system, e . g . of the yaw system of figures 2 and 3 , in top view .
  • all six drives dl to d6 are operated according to corresponding operating setpoints OS_1 to OS_6 , OS_i for short , determined with the control system 30 .
  • the operating setpoints OS_i may be configured such that di f ferent drives dl to d6 , di for short , exert di f ferent torques . How this can be achieved is explained in more detail in connection with figures 6 and 7 .
  • a possible way to operate the yaw system of figures 2 to 4 is to group the drives into two groups .
  • the left group or first group, respectively, comprises drives dl , d3 and d5 .
  • the right group or second group, respectively, comprises the drives d2 , d4 and d6 .
  • Drive dl may be the master drive .
  • the torques exerted by all other drives may be selected depending on the torque exerted by drive dl .
  • drives d3 and d5 are operated such that they always exert the same torque as drive dl .
  • the drives of the right group i.e.
  • drives d2, d4 and d6 may be operated such that they always exert the same torques, but torques with values, particularly numerical values, which are lower or at most the same as the value, particularly numerical value, of the torque of drive dl .
  • the torques of the left side and of the right side may differ from each other by a torque difference setpoint, e.g. of 10 Nm.
  • the torques of drives d2, d4 and d6 may be the torques of drives dl, d3 and d5 minus 10 Nm.
  • Figure 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method for operating a wind turbine which addresses this problem.
  • the method is described on the basis of the yaw system but can likewise be applied to the pitch system of the wind turbine.
  • first information II and second information 12 are provided.
  • the first information II is representative of a position setpoint Pn of the carrier 4, i.e. a target position of the carrier 4.
  • the second information 12 is representative of an operational variable , like an operation time of the wind turbine 100 or of a component thereof . For example , it could be the time for which the current master drive has already been operated as the master drive .
  • third information 13 is determined depending on the second information 12 .
  • the third information 13 is representative of which drive di is to be operated as a master drive dm, whereby the drive di to be operated as the master drive dm depends on the operational variable .
  • the drive di to be operated as the master drive dm changes when the operation time has reached a certain, predefined value .
  • Operating setpoints OS_i for the di f ferent drives di are then determined depending on the first I I and the third information 13 .
  • the operating setpoints OS_i are determined such that , when the drives di are operated according to the operating setpoints OS_i , the drives di bring or keep the carrier 4 at the position setpoint Pn by exerting torques .
  • the torques exerted by the drives di are at least temporarily di f ferent , e . g . at a low external torque acting on the carrier 4 .
  • the operating setpoints OS_i are determined such that the value of the torque exerted by the master drive dm is always greater than or at least equal to the value of torque exerted by the at least one other drive di .
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of the control system 30 with which the described method can be executed . For better illustration, only the drives dl and d2 are shown .
  • Figure 6 shows a moment in time when drive dl is to be operated as the master drive dm . This is stored in the third information 13 .
  • a first information I I which is representative of a position setpoint Pn of the carrier 4 , is provided .
  • a position controller Pl determines sixth information 16 .
  • the sixth information 16 is representative of rotational speed setpoints Rn_l to Rn_6 , Rn_i for short , of the drives di .
  • speed controllers P2 determine and generate operating setpoints OS_i , which are , e . g . torque setpoints .
  • Drive control modules C convert the torque setpoints OS_i into actual electric signals with which the drives di are operated so that the drives di bring or keep the carrier 4 at the position setpoint Pn .
  • the drive control modules C are explained in more detail in connection with figure 10 .
  • the ninth information 19 is representative of the actual position Pa of the carrier 4 and can be determined, for example , with the help of the incremental encoder 23 as described in connection with figure 3 .
  • the ninth information 19 and the first information I I are used in a negative feedback loop .
  • the position controller Pl determines the sixth information 16 .
  • seventh information 17 is provided which is representative of the actual rotational speeds Ra_i of the drives di .
  • the seventh information 17 can be determined with the help of the incremental encoders 24 , as explained in connection with figure 3 .
  • the drives dl , d2 may be operated such that they exert di f ferent torques .
  • a fourth information 14 is provided which is representative of a torque di f ference setpoint AMn .
  • the torque di f ference setpoint AMn is compared to the actual torque di f ference AMa between the actual torques Ma_i of the drives .
  • the actual torque di f ference AMa can be derived from fi fth information 15 which is representative of the actual torques Ma_i of the drives di .
  • the actual torques Ma_i of the drives di can be extracted from drive control modules C used for operating the drives by using the electric signals with which the motors are actually operated .
  • an eighth information 18 is determined using a negative feedback loop .
  • the eighth information 18 is representative of an of fset rotational speed ARn and is determined with the help of a tension controller P4 depending on the deviation between the actual torque di f ference and the torque di f ference setpoint AMn .
  • the of fset rotational speed ARn is determined such that it increases with increasing di f ference between the torque di f ference setpoint AMn and the actual torque di f ference .
  • the of fset rotational speed ARn is subtracted from the rotational speed setepoint Rn_l determined for drive dl and the resulting value of the rotational speed is used as the rotational speed setpoint Rn_2 for the drive d2 .
  • a torque di f ference can be reali zed between drive dl and drive d2 in which the value of the torque exerted by the drive d2 is always smaller or at most equal to the value of the torque exerted by drive dl . This is because the drive dl is operated as the master drive .
  • Figure 9 shows a later moment in time in which drive d2 is operated as the master drive and, accordingly, always exerts the torque with the largest value.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the operation of a drive control module C.
  • a current converter PCI determines a current setpoint In_i depending on the operating setpoint OS_i, which is the torque setpoint in this example.
  • a further controller PC2 e.g. a Pl-controller ) determines an absolute voltage value U and a phase shift depending on the current setpoint In_i and the actual current Ia_i.
  • PWM-generators PWMG generate corresponding PWM signals with which IGBTs (not shown) are energized. The output thereof is three different phases u, v, w with which the drives di are then operated.
  • a motor model MM determines, depending on phases u, v, w, the actual current Ia_i.
  • the actual current Ia_i and the current setpoint In_i are used in a negative feedback loop to adapt the voltage value U and the phase shift .
  • the fifth information 15 is determined depending on the determined actual current la i.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé qui permet la mise en fonctionnement d'une éolienne (100) doté d'un composant rotatif (1 à 4) et d'au moins deux entraînements (di) pour faire tourner le composant rotatif en exerçant des couples. Le procédé comprend une étape consistant à fournir une première information (I1) qui est représentative d'une consigne de position (Pn) du composant rotatif et une étape consistant à fournir une deuxième information (I2) qui est représentative d'une variable opérationnelle de l'éolienne. Dans une autre étape, une troisième information (I3) est déterminée en fonction de la deuxième information, la troisième information étant représentative de l'entraînement à actionner en tant qu'entraînement maître (dm). Ainsi, l'entraînement à actionner en tant qu'entraînement maître dépend de la variable opérationnelle. En outre, une étape est exécutée dans laquelle des consignes de fonctionnement (OS_i) pour les entraînements sont générées en fonction de la première information et de la troisième information de telle sorte que, lorsque les entraînements sont actionnés en fonction des consignes de fonctionnement, les entraînements amènent ou maintiennent l'élément rotatif à la consigne de position en exerçant des couples. Les couples exercés par les entraînements sont au moins temporairement différents. Les consignes de fonctionnement sont déterminées de telle sorte que la valeur du couple exercé par l'entraînement maître soit toujours supérieure ou au moins égale à la valeur du couple exercé par l'au moins un autre entraînement.
PCT/EP2024/067271 2023-06-30 2024-06-20 Procédé de mise en fonctionnement d'une éolienne, et éolienne Ceased WO2025002982A1 (fr)

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EP24733969.0A EP4735761A1 (fr) 2023-06-30 2024-06-20 Procédé de mise en fonctionnement d'une éolienne, et éolienne

Applications Claiming Priority (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP23382672 2023-06-30
EP23382674 2023-06-30
EP23382674.2 2023-06-30
EP23382672.6 2023-06-30
EP23382739.3 2023-07-19
EP23382739 2023-07-19
EP23202718.5A EP4484744A1 (fr) 2023-06-30 2023-10-10 Procédé de fonctionnement d'une éolienne et éolienne
EP23202619.5A EP4484743A1 (fr) 2023-06-30 2023-10-10 Procédé de fonctionnement d'une éolienne et éolienne
EP23202619.5 2023-10-10
EP23202718.5 2023-10-10
EP23383070.2 2023-10-19
EP23383070.2A EP4484745A1 (fr) 2023-06-30 2023-10-19 Procédé de fonctionnement d'une éolienne et éolienne

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WO2025002982A1 true WO2025002982A1 (fr) 2025-01-02

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090232652A1 (en) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-17 Nordex Energy Gmbh Method and apparatus for rotating a component of a wind energy plant
EP2495435A1 (fr) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-05 Areva Wind GmbH Système de commande de pas et procédé de contrôle d'un pas de pale de rotor d'une installation d'éolienne
EP2754886A1 (fr) * 2013-01-14 2014-07-16 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Méthode d'opération d'un système rotatif d'éolienne et système rotatif d'éolienne

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090232652A1 (en) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-17 Nordex Energy Gmbh Method and apparatus for rotating a component of a wind energy plant
EP2495435A1 (fr) * 2011-03-01 2012-09-05 Areva Wind GmbH Système de commande de pas et procédé de contrôle d'un pas de pale de rotor d'une installation d'éolienne
EP2754886A1 (fr) * 2013-01-14 2014-07-16 Alstom Wind, S.L.U. Méthode d'opération d'un système rotatif d'éolienne et système rotatif d'éolienne

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