WO2025004375A1 - Terminal et procédé de détection sans fil - Google Patents

Terminal et procédé de détection sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025004375A1
WO2025004375A1 PCT/JP2023/024501 JP2023024501W WO2025004375A1 WO 2025004375 A1 WO2025004375 A1 WO 2025004375A1 JP 2023024501 W JP2023024501 W JP 2023024501W WO 2025004375 A1 WO2025004375 A1 WO 2025004375A1
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Prior art keywords
sensing
signal
slot
format
symbols
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
真由子 岡野
翔平 吉岡
浩樹 原田
ジェン リュー
ウェンジャ リュー
ギョウリン コウ
ジン ワン
チーピン ピ
ラン チン
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NTT Docomo Inc
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NTT Docomo Inc
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Priority to JP2025529399A priority Critical patent/JPWO2025004375A1/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2023/024501 priority patent/WO2025004375A1/fr
Publication of WO2025004375A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025004375A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a terminal and a wireless sensing method in a next-generation mobile communication system.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • Non-Patent Document 1 LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified for the purpose of achieving higher capacity and greater sophistication over LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).
  • LTE 5th generation mobile communication system
  • 5G+ 5th generation mobile communication system
  • 6G 6th generation mobile communication system
  • NR New Radio
  • Wireless sensing is being considered for future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR).
  • one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal and a wireless sensing method that appropriately determines the timing of wireless sensing.
  • a terminal has a control unit that controls transmission of a first signal for sensing based on a first format indicating one or more first time resources, and a transmission unit that transmits the first signal in the one or more first time resources, and a second signal is a result received by one or more terminals in response to the transmission of the first signal, and the first format is determined together with a second format indicating one or more second time resources for receiving the second signal.
  • the timing of wireless sensing can be appropriately determined.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B show an example of a monostatic sensing scenario at a BS or a UE.
  • 2A and 2B show an example of a scenario of inter-BS or inter-UE bistatic sensing.
  • 3A and 3B show an example of a bistatic sensing scenario between a BS and a UE.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of several cases of propagation delay.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of propagation delay in monostatic sensing.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of propagation delay in bistatic sensing.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a slot format in monostatic sensing.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of a slot format in bistatic sensing.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of time resources of a pair of sensing UL and sensing DL.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of a receiving window.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of multiple pairs of sensing DL and sensing UL time resources.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of case 1-1 of embodiment 1-1.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of case 1-2 of embodiment 1-1.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of case 2-1 of embodiment 1-1.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of case 2-2 of embodiment 1-1.
  • FIG. 16 shows an example of case 3 of embodiment 1-1.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of case 1 of embodiment 1-2-1.
  • FIG. 18 shows an example of Case 2 of embodiment 1-2-1.
  • 19A to 19D show an example of Type 1 of embodiment 1-3-1.
  • 20A to 20D show an example of Type 3 of embodiment 1-3-1.
  • FIG. 21 shows an example of option 1 of embodiment 1-3-2.
  • FIG. 22A and 22B show an example of embodiment 1-3-3.
  • 23A and 23B show an example of the propagation distance in option 1 of embodiment 2-1.
  • FIG. 24 shows another example of the propagation distance in option 1 of embodiment 2-1.
  • FIG. 25 shows an example of a slot format in option 1 of embodiment 2-1.
  • FIG. 26 shows an example of a slot format in option 2 of embodiment 2-1.
  • 27A and 27B show an example of a slot format in option 1 of embodiment 2-1.
  • 28A and 28B show examples of slot formats in options 2 and 3 of embodiment 2-1.
  • 29A and 29B show an example of a slot format in option 4 of embodiment 2-1.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to
  • FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.
  • ISAC integrated sensing and communications
  • use case 1 is sensing for traffic management in tourist destinations.
  • use case 2 is intruder detection in a smart home environment.
  • ISAC is considering sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing.
  • sensing-assisted communication sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation are considered.
  • communication-assisted sensing network sensing and coordinated sensing are considered.
  • waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI)/deep learning (DL) operation radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are considered.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • DL deep learning
  • RAT radio access technology
  • frame structure and reference signals are considered.
  • reference signals are considered as shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC, higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing are considered.
  • the challenges are a unified waveform that simultaneously meets the requirements for communication (e.g., OFDM signal) and sensing (e.g., chirp signal), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously realizes communication (e.g., transmission signal, reception signal) and sensing (e.g., echo signal, transmission signal, reflection signal) by beamforming, and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI that uses AI/DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication (e.g., UL transmission signal) and radar (e.g., DL radar signal).
  • OFDM signal OFDM signal
  • sensing e.g., chirp signal
  • AI that uses AI/DL networks to extract sensing information from channel information for communication
  • radar e.g., DL radar signal
  • the three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems).
  • independent systems independent systems
  • joint radar and communication systems joint systems
  • integrated radar and communication systems integrated systems
  • Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BSs and one UE.
  • Conventional radar systems include monostatic radar, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and receives echoes from a sensing target, and bistatic/multistatic radar, in which one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from a sensing target.
  • Independent systems use separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications.
  • the separate hardware may be co-located or in separate locations.
  • the joint system uses the same hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications.
  • the integrated system uses the same hardware and the same frequency bands for radar and communications.
  • sensing can be achieved in three ways: [Sensing method 1] Monostatic sensing, which uses the idea of monostatic radar. [Sensing method 2] Bistatic/multistatic sensing using bistatic radar/multistatic radar. [Sensing method 3] UE-assisted sensing (sensing aided by UE) using the idea of NR positioning.
  • Sensing method 1 requires one BS or UE, and sensing is performed by echo signals.
  • sensing method 1 there is no BS-BS cooperation, UE-UE cooperation, or BS-UE cooperation.
  • sensing method 1 full duplex is required, and a low SNR of the echo signal is required.
  • a use case of sensing method 1 is, for example, imaging using terahertz.
  • Sensing method 2 requires two or more BSs or two or more UEs, and sensing is performed by reflected signals. In sensing method 2, half duplex is sufficient. In sensing method 2, close synchronization and coordination between BSs or UEs is required, and scheduling coordination between multiple BSs is required. A use case of sensing method 2 is, for example, positioning.
  • Sensing method 3 requires a BS and a UE, and sensing is performed by communication (UL/DL) signals.
  • the existing 5G NR framework operates.
  • a UE is required, and both line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity.
  • a use case of sensing method 3 is, for example, breath monitoring.
  • each of the multiple sensing methods has its own suitable scenario, requirements regarding BS/UE capabilities, and sensing accuracy/performance.
  • Sensing method 1 is suitable for BS/UE with full duplex, sensing targets close to the BS or UE.
  • Sensing method 2 is suitable for BS/UE without full duplex, sensing targets far from the BS or UE.
  • Sensing method 3 is suitable for BS/UE with high capabilities.
  • Scenarios suitable for sensing method 1 include sensing targets close to the sensing BS or UE, high or medium SNR of the echo signal, and sensing targets without communication capabilities. Capability requirements for sensing method 1 include full duplex (a high requirement) at the BS or UE. Sensing performance of sensing method 1 includes high accuracy with no quantization, accuracy related to the SNR of the echo signal, and low latency.
  • Scenarios suitable for sensing method 2 include very tight synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs, sensing targets without communication capabilities. Capability requirements for sensing method 2 include half-duplex (low requirement), synchronization between multiple BSs or multiple UEs (high requirement). Sensing performance of sensing method 2 includes high accuracy with no quantization, accuracy related to synchronization error, and medium latency.
  • Scenarios suitable for sensing method 3 include communicating UEs around the sensing target.
  • the capacity requirements of sensing method 3 are UEs with high computational resources (high requirements).
  • the sensing performance of sensing method 3 includes medium accuracy due to quantization of feedback values, accuracy related to deployed resources and UE location, and high latency.
  • Wireless sensing based on communication radio waves is a key enabler for the prospect of 6G cyber physical systems (CPS).
  • ISAC can be realized by 5G-advanced (A) and 6G with the development of higher frequencies and wider bandwidths.
  • the design of ISAC waveforms and sensing RS is the key technology for the realization of wireless sensing.
  • HAPS high altitude platform station
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • HAPS sensing realizes ultra-remote distance sensing using echo signals with the support of communication functions. Considering that the sensing distance depends on the strength of the echo signal, a sensing form or sensing sequence with extremely low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is required to improve the SNR of the echo signal under a given transmission power.
  • PAPR peak-to-average power ratio
  • KPIs Key performance indicators (KPIs) for sensing (from a use case perspective)
  • ISAC's KPIs considered include area or range coverage of the sensing service, resolution (distance/speed), latency, refreshing rate, probability of non-detection or detection, confidence level, and false detection.
  • the positioning KPIs considered were location accuracy, velocity accuracy, heading accuracy, timestamp accuracy, availability, latency, time to first decision, update rate, power consumption, energy per decision, and system scalability.
  • KPIs may apply for different use cases. Some KPIs for sensing and positioning may be the same. The same KPIs may apply for at least some of the use cases in sensing and positioning. Thus, the design for NR positioning may become the baseline for sensing.
  • NR communication frame structure In NR, a radio frame is fixed at 10 ms, a subframe is fixed at 1 ms, and a slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols.
  • Numerology and CP length define the time characteristics of the OFDM symbol and the frequency characteristics of the PRB.
  • SCS and duration of symbols/slots change with numerology.
  • the normal CP length is (144 ⁇ 2 - ⁇ +16 ⁇ ) ⁇ Tc in symbols with symbol indexes 0 and 7, and 144 ⁇ 2 - ⁇ ⁇ Tc in the remaining symbols.
  • the extended CP length is 512 ⁇ 2 - ⁇ ⁇ Tc .
  • the OFDM symbol length is 2048 ⁇ 2 - ⁇ ⁇ Tc .
  • ⁇ is 0 to 2.
  • FR2-2 ⁇ is 3 to 6.
  • the slot format defines the UL/DL/flexible resource allocation within one slot (14 OFDM symbols).
  • the slot format indicates how each of the multiple symbols within a single slot is used (which symbols are used for UL and which symbols are used for DL in a particular slot).
  • Existing standards allow 61 predefined combinations of multiple symbols within a slot.
  • the Guard Period is the switching gap between UL and DL.
  • the UL/DL transition times defined in the existing specifications are 13.02 ⁇ s for FR1 and 7.01 ⁇ s for FR2.
  • a UE not capable of full-duplex communication is not expected to transmit an UL in the same cell sooner than N Rx-Tx T c after the end of the last received DL symbol, or to transmit an UL in the same cell sooner than N Tx-Rx T c after the end of the last transmitted UL symbol.
  • the duration of the guard period must provide four effects: - the air propagation time ( Tproc ). - Sufficient transition time when the transmitter changes between defined ON/OFF power levels (T off->on , T on->off ). - Sufficient time for changing between transmit and receive modes at the UE and base station (T Tx->Rx , T RX->Tx ). Placement of a margin for cell phase synchronization error (T sync ).
  • a guard period of a certain length (a certain number of guard symbols) is required when switching from DL to UL to avoid collisions between DL reception and UL transmission. - No guard period is required when switching from UL to DL.
  • Timing advance (TA) is used to align DL and UL.
  • RF propagation delay is expected to be around 300ms to 1 ⁇ s.
  • the sensing signal and the reflected/echo signal should be transmitted and received in different time resources.
  • BS-based sensing including monostatic BS sensing (FIG. 1A) and bistatic BS1 to BS2 sensing (FIG. 2A)
  • the sensing signal should be transmitted in DL time resources and the reflected/echo signal should be received in UL time resources.
  • UE-based sensing including monostatic UE sensing (FIG. 1B) and bistatic UE1 to UE2 sensing (FIG. 2B
  • the sensing signal should be transmitted in UL time resources and the reflected/echo signal should be received in DL time resources.
  • bistatic BS to UE sensing FIG. 3A
  • the DL time resource should be used for sensing.
  • bistatic UE to DL sensing the UL time resource should be used for sensing.
  • - Observation 1 In monostatic sensing using half-duplex capability, targets with delays smaller than the minimum of the GP length and CP length are not considered to be detected. That is, the target is within the blind area (blind sensing area).
  • CP length is less than GP length.
  • GP length 13 ⁇ s, 7 ⁇ s
  • causes a large blind area for sensing (radius 1950m, 1050m).
  • GP extension for sensing is necessary.
  • Part 1 is a DL period (e.g., one or more DL symbols).
  • Part 2 is a flexible period (e.g., one or more flexible symbols) and includes a GP after Part 1.
  • Part 3 is a UL period (e.g., one or more UL symbols).
  • the transmitter (BS) transmits during Part 1.
  • the CP length is TCP .
  • the GP length is TGP .
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 are the propagation delays of the echo or reflected signal.
  • the DL period length is TDL .
  • the propagation delay ⁇ 1 in Case 1 is less than TCP .
  • the propagation delay ⁇ 2 in Case 2 is greater than TCP and less than TGP .
  • the propagation delay ⁇ 3 in Case 3 is greater than TGP and less than TDL + TGP .
  • the propagation delay ⁇ 4 in case 4 is greater than or equal to T DL +T GP .
  • the echo signals in cases 1 and 2 cannot be received (the target is in the blind area).
  • a part of the echo signal in case 3 can be received within the flexible period (by setting/indicating that period as UL).
  • the echo signal in case 4 can be received within the UL period.
  • part 1 is set/indicated as UL, and parts 2 and 3 are set/indicated as UL/DL/flexible, so that an echo signal can be received.
  • parts 1 and 2 are set/indicated as UL, and part 3 is set/indicated as UL/DL/flexible, so that an echo signal can be received.
  • part 1 is set/indicated as UL/DL/flexible, and parts 2 and 3 are set/indicated as UL, so that an echo signal can be received.
  • parts 1 and 2 are set/indicated as UL/DL/flexible, and part 3 is set/indicated as UL, so that an echo signal can be received.
  • Case 4 occurs when the communication coverage is smaller than the sensing coverage. In bistatic sensing from the BS to the UE or from the UE to the BS, if the communication coverage is the same as the sensing coverage, case 4 does not exist.
  • the propagation delay of the monostatic sensing signal (at the BS or at the UE) follows some of the following:
  • the sensing area is defined by a circle.
  • the minimum and maximum sensing distances R min and R max are related to the radius of the circle, as shown in Fig. 5.
  • the NR slot format cannot meet the required UL/DL time resources, so it is preferable to design the slot format to avoid blind sensing areas.
  • Slot level configuration for sensing DL and sensing UL can be supported by slot formats 0 and 1.
  • Example 2 In monostatic sensing (e.g., distance 1000 m) in a terrestrial network (TN), the echo delay (6.67 ⁇ s) can be much smaller than the GP (DL/UL transition time). It shows that dynamic TDD is not suitable for monostatic sensing in a TN.
  • monostatic sensing e.g., distance 1000 m
  • GP DL/UL transition time
  • the propagation delay of the bistatic sensing signal (from BS1 to BS2 or from UE1 to UE2) follows some of the following:
  • the sensing area is defined by an ellipse.
  • the minimum sensing distance R min and the maximum sensing distance R max from a transmitting (Tx) station/node 1 (BS1/UE1) to a receiving (Rx) station/node 2 (BS2/UE2) are defined by an ellipse.
  • the maximum propagation delay is 3.33 ⁇ s.
  • the propagation delay is comparable to longer than the CP, but in most cases much smaller than one OFDM symbol.
  • the slot format of the receiving station is coordinated with the slot format of the transmitting station.
  • Dynamic TDD can be used for monostatic sensing with minimum and maximum sensing distances in NTN (or some TN scenarios).
  • DL symbols are used for transmitting sensing signals and UL symbols (receiving windows) are used for receiving sensing signals.
  • the slot format is preferably designed to avoid blind sensing areas for monostatic sensing in NTN (or some TN scenarios).
  • dynamic TDD can be used.
  • DL symbols are used for transmitting sensing signals at the transmitting station
  • UL symbols are used for receiving sensing signals at the receiving station. It is preferable that the slot formats of the bistatic sensing stations are coordinated to avoid blind sensing areas of bistatic sensing.
  • the method of controlling the transmission direction for sensing has not been fully considered. If these are not fully considered, it may lead to a decrease in sensing accuracy/communication quality, etc.
  • the inventors therefore investigated a method for controlling the transmission direction for sensing.
  • A/B and “at least one of A and B” may be interpreted as interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, “A/B/C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C.”
  • Radio Resource Control RRC
  • RRC parameters RRC parameters
  • RRC messages higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc.
  • IEs information elements
  • CE Medium Access Control
  • update commands activation/deactivation commands, etc.
  • the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)/LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination of these.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • LPP LTE Positioning Protocol
  • the MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc.
  • the broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.
  • MIB Master Information Block
  • SIB System Information Block
  • RMSI Remaining Minimum System Information
  • OSI System Information
  • the physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), etc.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • UCI Uplink Control Information
  • a b , a_b, and the notation with b added to the lower right of a may be read as mutually interchangeable.
  • a c , a ⁇ c, and the notation with c added to the upper right of a may be read as mutually interchangeable.
  • a b c , a_b ⁇ c, and the notation with b added to the lower right of a and c added to the upper right may be read as mutually interchangeable.
  • ceil(x), ceiling function, and ceiling function may be read as mutually interchangeable.
  • floor(x), floor function, and floor function may be read as mutually interchangeable.
  • TDM - time division multiplexing TDM - time-division-multiplexed: TDM - frequency division multiplexing: FDM - frequency-division multiplexed: FDM - Next Generation-Radio Access Network: NG-RAN - Access and Mobility Management Function: AMF - Location Management Function: LMF - Secure User Plane Location: SUPL - SUPL Location Platform: SLP
  • sensing wireless sensing, and measurement may be interchangeable.
  • measurement value measurement result, and sensing information may be interchangeable.
  • location positioning, positioning, position, position measurement, position estimation, measurement value, estimated value, measurement result, and sensing may be interchangeable.
  • sensing target, target, target, non-UE target, UE target, and sensing target may be interchangeable.
  • a sensing target may or may not have communication capabilities.
  • a sensing target may include a UE.
  • a UE target, a target with communication capabilities, a target device, and a UE may be interchangeable.
  • a non-UE target and a target without communication capabilities may be interchangeable.
  • the first signal, communication signal, RS, radar signal, hybrid communication and radar signal, integrated signal, ISAC signal, sensing signal, and signal transmitted by a transmitter may be interchangeable.
  • the second signal, echo signal, signal impacted by an object, signal reflected by an object, signal refracted by an object, signal diffracted by an object, signal transmitted and received by a sensing transceiver, and signal received by a receiver may be interchangeable.
  • a UE a base station (BS), a station, a node, a sensing station, a sensing transmitting station, a sensing receiving station, a sensing node, a sensing entity, a sensing device, a wireless communication device, an IAB, a repeater, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, and a target
  • transmission, Tx, and a transmitter may be interchangeable.
  • reception, Rx, and a receiver may be interchangeable.
  • a transmitter, a sensing transmitting station, and a transmitting node may be interchangeable.
  • a receiver, a sensing receiving station, and a receiving node may be interchangeable.
  • a transmitter may be a BS/UE/wireless communication device/transmitter/receiver.
  • a receiver may be a BS/UE/wireless communication device/transmitter/receiver.
  • a transmitter and a receiver may be one BS/UE/wireless communication device/transmitter/transmitter/transmitter.
  • a transmitter and receiver in the same location, a transceiver, an integrated transceiver, a BS, a UE, and a sensing station may be interchangeable.
  • server sensing server, positioning server, 5GC, core network, LMF, AMF, sensing management function (SMF), sensing function (SF), SLP, BS, network (NW), management function, and function may be interpreted as interchangeable.
  • BS base station
  • NG-RAN node gNB
  • ng-eNB ng-eNB
  • NG-RAN RAN
  • NW network
  • TRP TP
  • RP TP
  • time resource one or more slots, and one or more symbols may be interchangeable.
  • OFDM symbol and symbol may be interchangeable.
  • slot format, frame format, and frame structure may be interchangeable.
  • sensing DL, sD, DL, D may be read as interchangeable.
  • sensing UL, sU, UL, U may be read as interchangeable.
  • sensing/ISAC flexible, sF, F may be read as interchangeable.
  • This embodiment relates to a slot format design for TDD-based monostatic sensing.
  • a sensing station a wireless communication device, for example, a BS or a UE performs monostatic sensing.
  • a paired sensing DL and sensing UL time resource may be designed.
  • the length of the sensing DL and sensing UL time resource may be related to the minimum and maximum echo/propagation delays.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of paired sensing UL and sensing DL time resources related to a sensing area.
  • T D is the sensing DL time length (duration of the sensing DL time resource).
  • T GP is the guard period length. The guard period length may be reported as capability information or may be set by an RRC IE.
  • T U is the sensing UL time length (duration of the sensing UL time resource).
  • T D,start is the start time of the sensing DL time resource (sensing DL start time).
  • T U,start is the start time of the sensing UL time resource (sensing UL start time).
  • T U,end is the end time of the sensing UL time resource (sensing UL end time).
  • Figure 10 shows an example of a receiving window (sensing UL time resource).
  • ⁇ min is the minimum echo delay of the reflected sensing DL signal.
  • ⁇ max is the maximum echo delay of the reflected sensing DL signal.
  • the receiving window covers all possible echo signals.
  • the sensing DL time length T D may be T D +T GP ⁇ min , i.e., T D ⁇ min -T GP .
  • ⁇ min may be the minimum echo/propagation delay.
  • T GP may be the length of the guard period for DL-UL switching.
  • the sensing UL start time T U,start may be less than ⁇ min , i.e., T U,start ⁇ T D,start + ⁇ min .
  • the sensing UL end time T U,end may be greater than ⁇ max +T D,start +T D , i.e., T U,end ⁇ max +T D,start +T D.
  • TGP can be set to 0. Otherwise, TGP may be >0.
  • sensing DL time length T D does not satisfy the sensing performance due to the above constraints, multiple pairs of sensing DL and sensing UL time resources can be used jointly for the required performance.
  • Figure 11 shows an example of multiple pairs of sensing DL and sensing UL time resources. The receiver can improve the sensing performance by combining the received signals of multiple pairs.
  • the DL sensing signal may include at least one of a specific sensing RS, an ISAC signal, and communication data for sensing.
  • the sensing DL time length may correspond to at least one of the duration of the sensing RS, the duration of one or more DL symbols for the ISAC, and the duration of one or more DL symbols for the ISAC and communication (a system using communication data for sensing).
  • T U ⁇ max is the case with maximum resource utilization.
  • Case 1-2 The case where the sensing DL time length T D ⁇ ⁇ min and the sensing UL time length T U ⁇ ⁇ max + T D - ⁇ min .
  • the time resource with length ⁇ min - T D between the sensing DL and sensing UL time resources can be used for sensing, communication, null (invalid), or any other function in the future.
  • the time resource may be defined as a sensing flexible time resource or an ISAC flexible time resource. If a guard period is required, the guard period can be included in the sensing or ISAC flexible time resource.
  • the length of the required time resource of the paired sensing DL and sensing UL may be T D + T U ⁇ ⁇ min + ⁇ max .
  • the length is smaller than that in case 1-1.
  • the smaller time resource for transmitting sensing signals may reduce the sensing performance.
  • the sensing UL start time T U,start ⁇ min .
  • the sensing UL end time T U,end ⁇ max + T D.
  • the ISAC/sensing flexible time resource length is ⁇ min - T D.
  • the sensing station may receive an echo signal.
  • T U ⁇ max -T GP is the case with maximum resource utilization.
  • --Case 2-2 A case in which the sensing DL time length T D ⁇ ⁇ min -T GP and the sensing UL time length T U ⁇ ⁇ max -T GP
  • the sensing pattern is DL-GP-flexible-UL or DL-flexible-GP-UL.
  • DL-GP-Flexible-UL A time resource with length ⁇ min -T D between the sensing DL, GP, and sensing UL time resources can be used for sensing UL, communication UL, null, or any other function for UL in the future.
  • the time resource may be defined as sensing flexible (or sensing UL) or ISAC flexible (or sensing UL).
  • the sensing station may receive an echo signal.
  • DL-Flexible-GP-UL A time resource with length ⁇ min -T D between the sensing DL, GP, and sensing UL time resources can be used for another sensing DL, communication DL, null, or any other function for DL in the future.
  • the time resource may be defined as sensing flexible (or sensing DL) or ISAC flexible (or sensing DL).
  • the sensing station may transmit a sensing signal.
  • Variation If ⁇ min -T D -T GP is greater than T GP , the sensing flexible or ISAC flexible time resources are not limited to UL and DL.
  • the ISAC/sensing flexible time resource length is ⁇ min - T D - T GP .
  • the guard period is covered by the ISAC/sensing flexible time resource.
  • the length of the ISAC/sensing flexible time resource is ⁇ min -T D , which is equal to or greater than the required T GP .
  • the guard period may be located at any position of the flexible time resource. For example, the guard period may be located at the beginning/middle/end of the flexible time resource.
  • the sensing pattern may be DL-flexible-UL.
  • the sensing DL length T D ⁇ ⁇ min -T GP .
  • the ISAC/sensing flexible time resource length is ⁇ min -T D ⁇ T GP .
  • the sensing UL time resource length is T U ⁇ ⁇ max -T GP .
  • the configuration granularity of the sensing DL and sensing UL time resources can be designed based on both the sensing area (or echo/propagation delay) and numerology.
  • the configuration granularity may follow at least one of the following embodiments.
  • the setting granularity of the sensing DL and sensing UL time resources may be at least one of slot level, OFDM symbol level, and other time granularity based on the minimum and maximum echo/propagation delay and numerology.
  • T slot ⁇ is the slot duration for ⁇ . As shown in FIG. 17, the number of slots N S,D ⁇ ,slot for the sensing DL time resource and the number of slots N S,U ⁇ ,slot for the sensing UL time resource may be defined.
  • N S,D ⁇ ,slot ⁇ floor(( ⁇ min -T GP )/T slot ⁇ )
  • the configuration granularity of the sensing DL and sensing UL time resources may be an OFDM symbol.
  • T symbol ⁇ is the OFDM symbol duration for ⁇ . As shown in FIG. 18, the number of symbols N S,D ⁇ ,symbol for the sensing DL time resource and the number of symbols N S,U ⁇ symbol for the sensing UL time resource may be defined.
  • N S,D ⁇ ,symbol ⁇ floor(( ⁇ min -T GP )/T symbol ⁇ )
  • the configuration granularity of the sensing DL and sensing UL time resources may be based on slot when ⁇ 0 , or based on OFDM symbol when ⁇ 0 , where ⁇ 0 is the threshold value of ⁇ .
  • the number of slots N S,D ⁇ ,slot for the sensing DL time resource and the number of slots N S,U ⁇ ,slot for the sensing UL time resource may be defined as shown in FIG. 17 above.
  • N S,D ⁇ ,slot ⁇ floor(( ⁇ min -T GP )/T slot ⁇ ) ---- N S,U ⁇ ,slot ⁇ ceil(( ⁇ max - ⁇ min )/T slot ⁇ )+N S,D ⁇ ,slot ---Since ⁇ max ⁇ ⁇ min , N S,U ⁇ ,slot ⁇ N S,D ⁇ ,slot .
  • the number of symbols N S,D ⁇ ,symbol for the sensing DL time resource and the number of symbols N S,U ⁇ ,symbol for the sensing UL time resource may be defined as shown in FIG. 18 above.
  • N S,D ⁇ ,symbol ⁇ floor(( ⁇ min -T GP )/T symbol ⁇ ) ---- N S,U ⁇ ,symbol ⁇ ceil(( ⁇ max - ⁇ min )/T symbol ⁇ )+N S,D ⁇ ,symbol ---Since ⁇ max ⁇ min , N S,U ⁇ ,symbol ⁇ N S,D ⁇ ,symbol .
  • the configuration granularity of the sensing DL and sensing UL time resources may be shorter than an OFDM symbol.
  • ⁇ is smaller than a threshold ⁇ 1
  • the configuration granularity may be shorter than an OFDM symbol.
  • the configuration granularity may be 2 ⁇ N times the time of an OFDM symbol (N ⁇ 1).
  • the configuration granularity of the sensing DL and sensing UL time resources may always be based on OFDM symbols for all numerologies. As shown in Fig. 18 above, the number of slots N S,D ⁇ ,slot for the sensing DL time resource and the number of slots N S,U ⁇ ,slot for the sensing UL time resource may be defined.
  • N S,D ⁇ ,symbol ⁇ floor(( ⁇ min -T GP )/T symbol ⁇ ) ---- N S,U ⁇ ,symbol ⁇ ceil(( ⁇ max - ⁇ min )/T symbol ⁇ )+N S,D ⁇ ,symbol ---Since ⁇ max ⁇ min , N S,U ⁇ ,symbol ⁇ N S,D ⁇ ,symbol .
  • At least one of the settings of the slot level and the OFDM symbol level may be set/indicated by at least one of the SIB, the RRC IE, the MAC CE, and the DCI. At least one of the settings of the slot level and the OFDM symbol level may be set semi-statically or dynamically indicated.
  • the slot format and the configuration method for the paired time resources of the sensing DL and sensing UL may follow at least one of the following embodiments.
  • Embodiment 1-3-1 In the OFDM symbol level setting granularity of embodiment 1-2, the slot format within one slot may be designed for multiple symbols that form a pair of sensing DL and sensing UL.
  • At least one of "sensing DL”, “sensing UL”, “sensing flexible”, and “ISAC flexible” may be defined as the type of OFDM symbol for sensing.
  • Sensing flexible can be sensing DL or sensing UL or null. Sensing flexible can be used in both sensing slots and ISAC slots.
  • ISAC Flexible Can be sensing DL or sensing UL or null or existing defined for communication, "DL(D)" or "UL(U)" or "Flexible(F)".
  • ISAC Flexible can be used in ISAC slots.
  • the slot format may be designed with at least one of the following types: A type may be defined as one or more symbol pairs of sensing DL and sensing UL. --- Type 1 (DU): Adjacent sensing DL "D (sD)" and sensing UL "U (sU)" symbols.
  • a type may be defined as one or more symbol pairs of sensing DL and sensing UL.
  • Type 1 (DU) Adjacent sensing DL "D (sD)" and sensing UL "U (sU)” symbols.
  • DDUUU Adjacent sensing DL "D (sD)" and sensing UL "U (sU)" symbols.
  • DDUUU Adjacent sensing DL "D (sD)" and sensing UL "U (sU)” symbols.
  • DDUUU Adjacent sensing DL "D (sD)" and sensing UL "U (sU)” symbols.
  • DDUUU Adjacent sensing DL "D (sD)"
  • D-GP-FU or DF-GP-U non-adjacent sensing DL and sensing UL symbols having at least one sensing flexible and ISAC flexible "F" and a guard period "GP" between the sensing DL and sensing UL symbols.
  • the number of sensing DL and sensing UL symbol pairs in one or more slots may follow at least one of the following examples.
  • Example 1 Only one pair of sensing DL and sensing UL is supported in one slot.
  • Example 2 Multiple pairs of sensing DL and sensing UL are supported within one slot.
  • Example 3 One or more pairs of sensing DL and sensing UL are supported in multiple slots. For example, three pairs of sensing DL and sensing UL may be supported in two slots. For example, one pair of sensing DL and sensing UL may be supported in two slots.
  • At least one of T D , T D,start , T GP , T U , T U,end , T U,start , ⁇ min , ⁇ max may be configured/indicated by the NW.
  • the UE may calculate/identify the number of symbols for at least one of "Sensing DL", “Sensing UL”, “Sensing Flexible”, “ISAC Flexible”, “DL”, “UL”, “Flexible” and "GP”.
  • At least one of T D , T D,start , T GP , T U , T U,end , T U,start , ⁇ min , and ⁇ max may be set/indicated by at least one of SIB, RRC IE, MAC CE, and DCI.
  • At least one of T D , T D,start , T GP , T U , T U,end , T U,start , ⁇ min , and ⁇ max may be set/indicated using units of ⁇ s, ms, or symbols. At least one candidate value of T D,start , T GP , T U , T U,end , T U,start , ⁇ min , and ⁇ max may be set/specified using a table (association) defined in the specification, or a row index within the table may be set/indicated.
  • the slot format within one slot may be designed as a joint slot format (slot format combination) setting for multiple slots that form a pair of sensing DL and sensing UL.
  • the joint slot format setting may follow at least one of the following options:
  • a slot pattern for sensing may be defined.
  • the slot format may be divided into three categories: slots that are all sensing DL symbols (category 1), slots that are all sensing UL symbols (category 2), and the remaining slot formats excluding these slots (category 3).
  • Category 3 may include both sensing DL symbols and sensing UL symbols, may include sensing flexible symbols, or may include slot formats for communication in existing specifications.
  • the number of slots for the joint slot format setting may follow at least one of the following several options.
  • Option 1-1 The number of slots for joint slot format configuration is fixed.
  • a new table (association) for slot patterns for sensing may be defined in the specification.
  • the slot pattern may be implicitly indicated by an index indication in the table.
  • the slot pattern may be determined by an explicit indication of all slots.
  • Option 1-2 The number of slots for a joint slot format configuration is dynamically determined/changed/indicated.
  • the slot pattern may be determined by explicit indication of all slots.
  • the slot format (including the number of pairs) may be set/indicated by the NW via SIB/RRC IE/MAC CE/DCI.
  • the sensing slot format to be used (as well as the number of pairs) may be exchanged between multiple base stations (e.g., on Xn signaling).
  • the setting/indication of the slot format may follow at least one of the following options:
  • Option 1 A periodic/semi-persistent sensing DL and a time resource configuration pattern of the sensing DL may be determined by at least one of a setting/instruction by a base station (SIB/RRC IE/MAC CE/DCI) and a definition in a specification. As in the example of Fig.
  • a sensing DL and a periodic time resource configuration pattern of the sensing DL may be set/instructed at a slot level.
  • a sensing DL and a periodic time resource configuration pattern of the sensing DL may be set/instructed at an OFDM symbol level.
  • the aperiodic sensing DL and the time resource configuration pattern of the sensing DL may be determined by at least one of the following: configuration/instruction by the base station (SIB/RRC IE/MAC CE/DCI) and specification definition.
  • “Periodic" in option 1 may mean that the same resource allocation pattern is applied periodically.
  • “Aperiodic” in option 2 may mean that the resource allocation pattern is applied only once after instruction by the base station.
  • DL and UL may be swapped.
  • DL time resources may be used for transmission and UL time resources may be used for reception.
  • UL time resources may be used for transmission and DL time resources may be used for reception.
  • the type of slot format in embodiment 1-3-1 may include at least one of the following types.
  • Type 8 (U-GP-F-D or U-F-GP-D): non-adjacent sensing DL and sensing UL symbols having at least one "F” of sensing flexible and ISAC flexible and a guard period "GP" between the sensing DL and sensing UL symbols.
  • At least one of types 1 to 4 may be applied to monostatic sensing of the base station. At least one of types 5 to 7 may be applied to monostatic sensing of the UE.
  • the UE/base station can use an appropriate slot format/frame structure for monostatic sensing.
  • This embodiment relates to slot format coordination for TDD-based bistatic/multistatic sensing, where two or more sensing stations (one or more sensing transmitting stations and one or more sensing receiving stations, e.g., two or more BSs or two or more UEs) perform bistatic/multistatic.
  • the slot formats of two or more sensing stations (sensing transmitting station and sensing receiving station) for sensing may be jointly designed or coordinated.
  • synchronization error is not considered in designing the slot format.
  • Two or more sensing stations two or more BSs or two or more UEs
  • the slot format may follow at least one of the following options:
  • a sensing UL time length T U at the receiving sensing station may be designed according to at least one of the following relationships: 23A, the distance from the sensing transmitting station (BS1 or UE1) to the target may be R T , and the distance from the target to the sensing receiving station (BS2 or UE2) may be R R.
  • the distance R T +R R between the sensing transmitting station, target, and sensing receiving station is a minimum value of 2R min .
  • the number of UL symbols at the receiving sensing station may be greater than or equal to the number of DL symbols at the transmitting sensing station (BS or UE).
  • the duration of the sensing UL time resource may be a reception window at the sensing receiving station.
  • the reception window may take into account a range of propagation delay values.
  • the sensing DL time length T D may be related to the requirements of the sensing performance (eg, speed estimation error, etc.).
  • the number of DL symbols at the transmitting sensing station (BS or UE) may be less than or equal to the number of UL symbols at the receiving sensing station (BS or UE).
  • the duration of the sensing DL time resource may be a transmission window at the sensing transmitting station.
  • the transmission window may take into account a range of propagation delay values.
  • the sensing UL time length T U may be related to the requirements of the sensing performance (eg, speed estimation error, etc.).
  • the slot format of the cooperating multiple sensing stations can be flexibly set/instructed. Applying the above option 1, the UL symbol at the receiving sensing station may be based on the DL symbol at the transmitting sensing station, as in the example of Fig. 27A. Applying the above option 2, the UL symbol at the sensing receiving station may be based on the DL symbol at the sensing transmitting station, as in the example of Fig. 27B.
  • Option 2 There is a restriction on the slot format of the transmitting sensing station
  • the slot format of the receiving sensing station may be designed based on the DL symbol at the transmitting sensing station as in option 1 above.
  • Option 3 There is a restriction on the slot format of the receiving sensing station
  • the slot format of the transmitting sensing station may be designed based on the UL symbol at the receiving sensing station as in option 2 above.
  • Option 4 There are restrictions on slot formats of both the transmitting and receiving sensing stations.
  • the UL symbol at the receiving sensing station and the DL symbol at the transmitting sensing station may be jointly determined, taking into account the restrictions and propagation delays. As in the example of Fig.
  • the transmission window 1 may be determined based on the UL symbol and the propagation delay (minimum and maximum), as in the example of Fig. 29B, the DL symbol (transmission window 2) may be determined based on the transmission window 1, the receiving window may be determined based on the DL symbol and the propagation delay (minimum and maximum), and the UL symbol may be adjusted based on the receiving window.
  • the DL symbol transmission window 2
  • the receiving window may be determined based on the DL symbol and the propagation delay (minimum and maximum)
  • the UL symbol may be adjusted based on the receiving window.
  • It may be specified/configured which of the above several options may be applied. If multiple options are configured by multiple cooperating sensing stations, a rule of which of the multiple options is applied (e.g. a priority rule for the multiple options) may be specified.
  • the slot format of the sensing receiver station may be determined by the sensing transmitter station. Relevant information (e.g., restrictions and/or determined slot format) may be exchanged between BSs via the X2/Xn interface, between UEs via the sidelink, or through a server via a higher layer interface. The restrictions on DL symbols or the slot format at the sensing receiver station may be reported to the server via the higher layer interface or to the sensing transmitter station via the X2/Xn interface/sidelink. The slot format determined for the sensing receiver station may be reported to the server and notified to the sensing receiver station via the higher layer interface or to the sensing receiver station via the X2/Xn interface/sidelink.
  • Relevant information e.g., restrictions and/or determined slot format
  • the slot format of the sensing transmitter may be determined by the sensing receiver. Relevant information (e.g., restrictions and/or determined slot format) may be exchanged between BSs via the X2/Xn interface, between UEs via the sidelink, or through a server via a higher layer interface. Restrictions on UL symbols or slot format at the sensing transmitter may be reported to a server via the higher layer interface or to the sensing receiver via the X2/Xn interface/sidelink. The slot format determined for the sensing transmitter may be reported to a server and notified to the sensing transmitter via the higher layer interface or to the sensing transmitter via the X2/Xn interface/sidelink.
  • Relevant information e.g., restrictions and/or determined slot format
  • the slot format of the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver may be determined by the server. Relevant information (e.g., at least one of the constraints and the determined slot format) may be exchanged through the server via a higher layer interface.
  • the slot format of the sensing transmitting station and the sensing receiving station may be determined by the stations themselves. Relevant information (e.g., restrictions and/or determined slot format) may be exchanged between BSs via the X2/Xn interface, between UEs via sidelink, or through a server via a higher layer interface.
  • the limitations or restrictions may be at least one of the following examples: --Example 1: In an ISAC system, there may be some unavailable sensing DL/sensing UL time resources. If some DL time resources are used for PBCH, the DL time resources may not be available for sensing. If some UL time resources are used for PRACH/PUCCH, etc., the UL time resources may not be available for sensing. --Example 2: The maximum allowed number of sensing DL/sensing UL time resources depends on the restriction of the resource ratio for sensing. --Example 3: The minimum required number of sensing DL/sensing UL time resources depends on the sensing performance and the sensing coverage radius.
  • Example 4 At least one of T D , T D,start , T GP , T U , T U,end , T U,start , ⁇ min , ⁇ max for a cell is reported. Based on that information, limitations or restrictions may be identified.
  • DL and UL may be swapped.
  • DL time resources may be used for transmission and UL time resources may be used for reception.
  • UL time resources may be used for transmission and DL time resources may be used for reception.
  • multiple sensing receiving stations may receive reflected signals of the sensing signals.
  • the multiple sensing receiving stations may share/report a slot format, and may share/report reception results.
  • multiple sensing transmitting stations may transmit multiple sensing signals, respectively.
  • the multiple sensing transmitting stations may share/report a slot format.
  • a minimum propagation delay/maximum propagation delay may be determined based on the arrangement of one or more sensing transmitting stations and one or more sensing receiving stations.
  • the UE/base station can use an appropriate slot format/frame structure for bistatic sensing/multistatic sensing.
  • any information may be notified to the UE (from a network (NW) (e.g., a base station (BS))) (in other words, any information is received from the BS by the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.
  • NW network
  • BS base station
  • the MAC CE may be identified by including in the MAC subheader a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) that is not specified in existing standards.
  • LCID Logical Channel ID
  • the notification When the notification is made by a DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • notification of any information to the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.
  • notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.
  • physical layer signaling e.g., UCI
  • higher layer signaling e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE
  • a specific signal/channel e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal
  • the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not specified in existing standards.
  • the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.
  • notification of any information from the UE may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.
  • At least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is met, which may be specified in a standard or may be notified to a UE/BS using higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling.
  • At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a particular UE capability.
  • the specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting specific processing/operations/control/information for at least one of the above embodiments. Supporting a particular mode/method of sensing. Support slot format/frame structure for sensing.
  • the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities per frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), capabilities per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities per subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or capabilities per Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).
  • FR1 Frequency Range 1
  • FR2 FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2
  • SCS subcarrier Spacing
  • FS Feature Set
  • FSPC Feature Set Per Component-carrier
  • the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be capabilities for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • At least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied when the UE configures/activates/triggers specific information related to the above-mentioned embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-mentioned embodiments) by higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling.
  • the specific information may be information indicating that at least one of the operations of the above-mentioned embodiments is enabled, any RRC parameters for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18/19), etc.
  • the RRC parameters that enable operation XXX may be represented as XXX_rYY (XXX-rYY).
  • the UE may, for example, apply Rel. 15/16 operations.
  • a control unit that controls transmission of a first signal based on a format indicating one or more pairs of one or more first time resources and one or more second time resources, and reception of a second signal based on the first signal; a transmitter for transmitting the first signal in the one or more first time resources; a receiving unit for receiving the second signal in the one or more second time resources; The format is based on a minimum and a maximum delay from transmission of the first signal to reception of the second signal.
  • Appendix 2 2. The wireless communication device of claim 1, wherein a length of each of the one or more first time resources and a length of each of the one or more second time resources are slots or symbols.
  • Appendix 1 a control unit that controls transmission of a first signal for sensing based on a first format indicating one or more first time resources; a transmitter for transmitting the first signal in the one or more first time resources; a second signal resulting from reception by one or more base stations in response to transmission of the first signal; The first format is determined together with a second format indicating one or more second time resources for reception of the second signal.
  • Appendix 2 2. The base station of claim 1, wherein the first format is determined based on a minimum delay and a maximum delay from transmission of the first signal to reception of the second signal, and the second format.
  • Appendix 3 3.
  • Appendix 4 4. The base station of claim 1, wherein a length of each of the one or more first time resources and a length of each of the one or more second time resources are slots or symbols.
  • Appendix 1 a control unit that controls transmission of a first signal for sensing based on a first format indicating one or more first time resources; a transmitter for transmitting the first signal in the one or more first time resources; a second signal resulting from reception by one or more terminals in response to transmission of the first signal; The first format is determined together with a second format indicating one or more second time resources for reception of the second signal.
  • Appendix 2 2. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the first format is determined based on a minimum delay and a maximum delay from transmission of the first signal to reception of the second signal and the second format.
  • Appendix 3 3.
  • the terminal according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the second format is determined based on a minimum delay and a maximum delay from transmission of the first signal to reception of the second signal and the first format.
  • Appendix 4 4. The terminal of claim 1, wherein a length of each of the one or more first time resources and a length of each of the one or more second time resources are slots or symbols.
  • Wired communication system A configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below.
  • communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination of these methods.
  • FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • the wireless communication system 1 (which may simply be referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • 5G NR 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio
  • the wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)).
  • MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.
  • RATs Radio Access Technologies
  • MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • EN-DC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity
  • NE-DC NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity
  • the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN).
  • the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.
  • the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).
  • dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).
  • gNBs NR base stations
  • N-DC Dual Connectivity
  • the wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are arranged within the macrocell C1 and form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1.
  • a user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The arrangement and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.
  • the user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10.
  • the user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).
  • CA carrier aggregation
  • CC component carriers
  • DC dual connectivity
  • Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)).
  • Macro cell C1 may be included in FR1
  • small cell C2 may be included in FR2.
  • FR1 may be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz)
  • FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.
  • the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • the multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication).
  • wire e.g., optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.
  • NR communication e.g., NR communication
  • base station 11 which corresponds to the upper station
  • IAB Integrated Access Backhaul
  • base station 12 which corresponds to a relay station
  • the base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via another base station 10 or directly.
  • the core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • 5GCN 5G Core Network
  • NGC Next Generation Core
  • the core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as, for example, a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM).
  • NF Network Functions
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • AMF Access and Mobility management Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • AF Application Function
  • DN Data Network
  • LMF Location Management Function
  • OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance
  • the user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.
  • a wireless access method based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing may be used.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • CP-OFDM Cyclic Prefix OFDM
  • DFT-s-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • the radio access method may also be called a waveform.
  • other radio access methods e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods
  • a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • SIB System Information Block
  • PDSCH User data, upper layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc.
  • SIB System Information Block
  • PUSCH User data, upper layer control information, etc.
  • MIB Master Information Block
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH.
  • the lower layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be called a DL assignment or DL DCI
  • the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be called a UL grant or UL DCI.
  • the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data
  • the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.
  • a control resource set (COntrol REsource SET (CORESET)) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH.
  • the CORESET corresponds to the resources to search for DCI.
  • the search space corresponds to the search region and search method of PDCCH candidates.
  • One CORESET may be associated with one or multiple search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a search space based on the search space configuration.
  • a search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels.
  • One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms “search space,” “search space set,” “search space setting,” “search space set setting,” “CORESET,” “CORESET setting,” etc. in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.
  • the PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK/NACK, etc.), and a scheduling request (SR).
  • UCI uplink control information
  • CSI channel state information
  • HARQ-ACK Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement
  • ACK/NACK ACK/NACK
  • SR scheduling request
  • the PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.
  • downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link.”
  • various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical” to the beginning.
  • a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted.
  • a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.
  • the synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS).
  • a signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS/PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), etc.
  • the SS, SSB, etc. may also be called a reference signal.
  • a measurement reference signal Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)
  • a demodulation reference signal DMRS
  • UL-RS uplink reference signal
  • DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).
  • the core network 20 may transmit a request or assistance data regarding sensing.
  • the base station 10 may control at least one of the following based on the request: reporting the result of the sensing, activating or deactivating the transmission of a reference signal for the sensing, setting or updating the reference signal, activating or deactivating the measurement of the sensing, and updating the method of the sensing.
  • the user terminal 20 may transfer either the capability for the sensing or the result of the sensing based on the request or assistance data.
  • the base station 31 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment.
  • the base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.
  • this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the base station 10 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.
  • the control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10.
  • the control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.
  • the control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc.
  • the control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc.
  • the control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120.
  • the control unit 110 may perform call processing of communication channels (setting, release, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.
  • the transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.
  • the baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212.
  • the transceiver unit 120 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.
  • the transceiver 120 may be configured as an integrated transceiver, or may be composed of a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the transmitter may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122.
  • the receiver may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.
  • the transmitting/receiving antenna 130 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.
  • the transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc.
  • the transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.
  • the transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.
  • digital beamforming e.g., precoding
  • analog beamforming e.g., phase rotation
  • the transceiver 120 may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data and control information obtained from the control unit 110 to generate a bit string to be transmitted.
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • HARQ retransmission control HARQ retransmission control
  • the transceiver 120 may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.
  • transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.
  • channel coding which may include error correction coding
  • DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • the transceiver unit 120 may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.
  • the transceiver unit 120 may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.
  • the transceiver 120 may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.
  • reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform
  • the transceiver 120 may perform measurements on the received signal.
  • the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal.
  • the measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc.
  • RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
  • RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
  • the measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.
  • the transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.
  • devices included in the core network 30 e.g., network nodes providing NF
  • other base stations 10, etc. may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.
  • the transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in this disclosure may be configured with at least one of the transmitting/receiving section 120, the transmitting/receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.
  • the control unit 110 may control the transmission of a first signal (e.g., a sensing signal) and the reception of a second signal (e.g., an echo/reflection signal of the sensing signal) based on the first signal based on a format (e.g., a slot format/frame structure) indicating one or more pairs of one or more first time resources (e.g., one or more DL symbols/slots) and one or more second time resources (e.g., one or more UL symbols/slots).
  • the transceiver unit 120 may transmit the first signal in the one or more first time resources and may receive the second signal in the one or more second time resources.
  • the format may be based on a minimum delay and a maximum delay from the transmission of the first signal to the reception of the second signal.
  • the length of each of the one or more first time resources and the length of each of the one or more second time resources may be in slots or symbols.
  • the one or more first time resources may be a downlink in the format.
  • the one or more second time resources may be an uplink in the format.
  • the one or more first time resources may be an uplink in the format.
  • the one or more second time resources may be a downlink in the format.
  • the format may indicate at least one of a downlink period, an uplink period, a guard period, and a flexible period.
  • the control unit 110 may control the transmission of a first signal for sensing (e.g., a sensing signal) based on a first format indicating one or more first time resources (e.g., one or more DL symbols/slots).
  • the transceiver unit 120 may transmit the first signal in the one or more first time resources.
  • the second signal may be a result (e.g., an echo/reflection of the sensing signal) received by one or more base stations (e.g., one or more other base stations 10) in response to the transmission of the first signal.
  • the first format may be determined together with a second format indicating one or more second time resources (e.g., one or more UL symbols/slots) for receiving the second signal.
  • the first format may be determined based on a minimum and a maximum delay between the transmission of the first signal and the reception of the second signal, and the second format.
  • the second format may be determined based on a minimum delay and a maximum delay from transmission of the first signal to reception of the second signal, and the first format.
  • the length of each of the one or more first time resources and the length of each of the one or more second time resources may be in slots or symbols.
  • the control unit 110 may control reception of a second signal for sensing based on a second format indicating one or more second time resources.
  • the transceiver unit 120 may receive the second signal in the one or more second time resources.
  • the second signal may be a result received in response to transmission of a first signal by one or more base stations (e.g., one or more other base stations 10).
  • the second format may be determined together with a first format indicating one or more first time resources for transmission of the first signal.
  • the user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting/receiving unit 220, and a transmitting/receiving antenna 230. Note that the control unit 210, the transmitting/receiving unit 220, and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 may each include one or more.
  • this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the user terminal 20 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.
  • the control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20.
  • the control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.
  • the control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc.
  • the control unit 210 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230, measurement, etc.
  • the control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.
  • the baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmission unit and a reception unit.
  • the transmission unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222.
  • the reception unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.
  • the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.
  • the transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc.
  • the transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.
  • digital beamforming e.g., precoding
  • analog beamforming e.g., phase rotation
  • the transceiver 220 may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on the data and control information acquired from the controller 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.
  • RLC layer processing e.g., RLC retransmission control
  • MAC layer processing e.g., HARQ retransmission control
  • the transceiver 220 may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.
  • transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.
  • Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the settings of transform precoding.
  • the transceiver unit 220 transmission processing unit 2211
  • the transceiver unit 220 may perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing in order to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, it is not necessary to perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.
  • the transceiver 220 may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.
  • reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.
  • the transceiver 220 may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal.
  • the measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc.
  • the measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.
  • the measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources.
  • the channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources.
  • the measurement unit 223 may derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources.
  • the interference measurement resources may be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc.
  • CSI-IM may be called CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS.
  • CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be read as interchangeable.
  • the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting/receiving unit 220 and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230.
  • the control unit 210 may control the transmission of a first signal (e.g., a sensing signal) and the reception of a second signal (e.g., an echo/reflection signal of the sensing signal) based on the first signal based on a format (e.g., a slot format/frame structure) indicating one or more pairs of one or more first time resources (e.g., one or more UL symbols/slots) and one or more second time resources (e.g., one or more DL symbols/slots).
  • the transceiver unit 220 may transmit the first signal in the one or more first time resources and may receive the second signal in the one or more second time resources.
  • the format may be based on a minimum delay and a maximum delay from the transmission of the first signal to the reception of the second signal.
  • the length of each of the one or more first time resources and the length of each of the one or more second time resources may be in slots or symbols.
  • the one or more first time resources may be a downlink in the format.
  • the one or more second time resources may be an uplink in the format.
  • the one or more first time resources may be an uplink in the format.
  • the one or more second time resources may be a downlink in the format.
  • the format may indicate at least one of a downlink period, an uplink period, a guard period, and a flexible period.
  • the control unit 210 may control the transmission of a first signal for sensing (e.g., a sensing signal) based on a first format indicating one or more first time resources (e.g., one or more UL symbols/slots).
  • the transceiver unit 220 may transmit the first signal in the one or more first time resources.
  • the second signal may be a result (e.g., an echo/reflection of the sensing signal) received by one or more terminals (e.g., one or more other terminals 20) in response to the transmission of the first signal.
  • the first format may be determined together with a second format indicating one or more second time resources (e.g., one or more DL symbols/slots) for receiving the second signal.
  • the first format may be determined based on a minimum and a maximum delay between the transmission of the first signal and the reception of the second signal, and the second format.
  • the second format may be determined based on a minimum delay and a maximum delay from transmission of the first signal to reception of the second signal, and the first format.
  • the length of each of the one or more first time resources and the length of each of the one or more second time resources may be in slots or symbols.
  • the control unit 210 may control reception of a second signal for sensing based on a second format indicating one or more second time resources.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may receive the second signal in the one or more second time resources.
  • the second signal may be a result received in response to transmission of a first signal by one or more terminals (e.g., one or more other terminals 20).
  • the second format may be determined together with a first format indicating one or more first time resources for transmission of the first signal.
  • a wireless communication device may control the transmission of a first signal (e.g., a sensing signal) and the reception of a second signal (e.g., an echo/reflection signal of the sensing signal) based on the first signal based on a format (e.g., a slot format/frame structure) indicating one or more pairs of one or more first time resources (e.g., one or more OFDM symbols/slots) and one or more second time resources (e.g., one or more OFDM symbols/slots).
  • the wireless communication device may transmit the first signal in the one or more first time resources and may receive the second signal in the one or more second time resources.
  • the format may be based on a minimum delay and a maximum delay from the transmission of the first signal to the reception of the second signal.
  • each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more devices that are physically or logically separated and directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.).
  • the functional blocks may be realized by combining the one device or the multiple devices with software.
  • the functions include, but are not limited to, judgement, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment.
  • a functional block (component) that performs the transmission function may be called a transmitting unit, a transmitter, and the like. In either case, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the method of realization.
  • a base station, a user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.
  • the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.
  • the hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.
  • processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.
  • the functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are realized, for example, by loading specific software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communications via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.
  • the processor 1001 operates an operating system to control the entire computer.
  • the processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, registers, etc.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • control unit 110 210
  • transmission/reception unit 120 220
  • etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.
  • the processor 1001 also reads out programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes according to these.
  • the programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above embodiments.
  • the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks.
  • Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), and other suitable storage media. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable ROM
  • EEPROM Electrically EPROM
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc.
  • Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc.
  • the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the above-mentioned transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting/receiving antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.
  • the transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.
  • the input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside.
  • the output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that performs output to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one structure (e.g., a touch panel).
  • each device such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information.
  • the bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.
  • a channel, a symbol, and a signal may be read as mutually interchangeable.
  • a signal may also be a message.
  • a reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may be called a pilot, a pilot signal, or the like depending on the applied standard.
  • a component carrier may also be called a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, or the like.
  • a radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain.
  • Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe.
  • a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain.
  • a subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.
  • the numerology may be a communication parameter that is applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel.
  • the numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of the following: SubCarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.
  • SCS SubCarrier Spacing
  • TTI Transmission Time Interval
  • radio frame configuration a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain
  • a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain etc.
  • a slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.).
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • a slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.
  • a slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot.
  • a PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A.
  • a PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.
  • a radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units when transmitting a signal.
  • a different name may be used for radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol. Note that the time units such as frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.
  • one subframe may be called a TTI
  • multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI
  • one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI.
  • at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms.
  • the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.
  • TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication.
  • a base station schedules each user terminal by allocating radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) in TTI units.
  • radio resources such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal
  • the TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-coded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc.
  • the time interval e.g., the number of symbols
  • the time interval in which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.
  • one or more TTIs may be the minimum time unit of scheduling.
  • the number of slots (minislots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.
  • a TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc.
  • a TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.
  • a resource block is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • the number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, and may be, for example, 12.
  • the number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.
  • an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may be one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI in length.
  • One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.
  • one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.
  • PRB physical resource block
  • SCG sub-carrier group
  • REG resource element group
  • PRB pair an RB pair, etc.
  • a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs).
  • REs resource elements
  • one RE may be a radio resource area of one subcarrier and one symbol.
  • a Bandwidth Part which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RB relative to a common reference point of the carrier.
  • PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.
  • the BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL).
  • BWP UL BWP
  • BWP for DL DL BWP
  • One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.
  • At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal/channel outside the active BWP.
  • BWP bitmap
  • radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols are merely examples.
  • the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, as well as the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, and the cyclic prefix (CP) length can be changed in various ways.
  • the information, parameters, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using absolute values, may be represented using relative values from a predetermined value, or may be represented using other corresponding information.
  • a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.
  • the names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure.
  • the various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting in any respect.
  • the information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies.
  • the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.
  • information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and/or from a lower layer to a higher layer.
  • Information, signals, etc. may be input/output via multiple network nodes.
  • Input/output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input/output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.
  • a specific location e.g., memory
  • Input/output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added to.
  • Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted.
  • Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.
  • the notification of information is not limited to the aspects/embodiments described in this disclosure, and may be performed using other methods.
  • the notification of information in this disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), etc.), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination of these.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • UCI Uplink Control Information
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • MIB Master Information Block
  • SIB System Information Block
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • the physical layer signaling may be called Layer 1/Layer 2 (L1/L2) control information (L1/L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc.
  • the RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc.
  • the MAC signaling may be notified, for example, using a MAC Control Element (CE).
  • CE MAC Control Element
  • notification of specified information is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).
  • the determination may be based on a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value represented by true or false, or a comparison of numerical values (e.g., with a predetermined value).
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted and received via a transmission medium.
  • a transmission medium For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and/or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave, etc.), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.
  • wired technologies such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
  • wireless technologies such as infrared, microwave, etc.
  • Network may refer to the devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).
  • the antenna port may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal/channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port).
  • the resource may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal/channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.).
  • the resource may include time/frequency/code/space/power resources.
  • the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.
  • the above groups may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, etc.
  • CDM Code Division Multiplexing
  • RS Reference Signal
  • CORESET Control Resource Set
  • beam SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable.
  • SRI SRS Resource Indicator
  • CORESET CORESET pool
  • PDSCH PUSCH
  • codeword CW
  • TB transport block
  • RS etc.
  • TCI state downlink TCI state
  • DL TCI state downlink TCI state
  • UL TCI state uplink TCI state
  • unified TCI state common TCI state
  • joint TCI state etc.
  • QCL QCL
  • QCL assumptions QCL relationship
  • QCL type information QCL property/properties
  • specific QCL type e.g., Type A, Type D
  • specific QCL type e.g., Type A, Type D
  • index identifier
  • indicator indication, resource ID, etc.
  • sequence list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc.
  • TCI state ID the spatial relationship information identifier
  • TCI state ID the spatial relationship information
  • TCI state the spatial relationship information
  • TCI state the spatial relationship information
  • TCI state the spatial relationship information
  • Base Station may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.
  • a base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells.
  • a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small base station for indoor use (Remote Radio Head (RRH))).
  • RRH Remote Radio Head
  • the term "cell” or “sector” refers to a part or the entire coverage area of at least one of the base station and base station subsystems that provide communication services in this coverage.
  • a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control/operate based on the information.
  • MS Mobile Station
  • UE User Equipment
  • a mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.
  • At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc.
  • at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.
  • the moving body in question refers to an object that can move, and the moving speed is arbitrary, and of course includes the case where the moving body is stationary.
  • the moving body in question includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted on these.
  • the moving body in question may also be a moving body that moves autonomously based on an operating command.
  • the moving object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned moving object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned).
  • a vehicle e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.
  • an unmanned moving object e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.
  • a robot manned or unmanned
  • at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations.
  • at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.
  • the vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.
  • various sensors including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58
  • an information service unit 59 including a communication module 60.
  • the drive unit 41 is composed of at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example.
  • the steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.
  • the electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an Input/Output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle.
  • the electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).
  • ECU Electronic Control Unit
  • Signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the motor current, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 acquired by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 acquired by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 58.
  • the information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, displays, televisions, and radios, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices.
  • the information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information/services (e.g., multimedia information/multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.
  • various information/services e.g., multimedia information/multimedia services
  • the information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that perform output to the outside.
  • input devices e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.
  • output devices e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.
  • the driving assistance system unit 64 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving load, such as a millimeter wave radar, a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., a High Definition (HD) map, an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), an Inertial Navigation System (INS), etc.), an Artificial Intelligence (AI) chip, and an AI processor, and one or more ECUs that control these devices.
  • the driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize a driving assistance function or an autonomous driving function.
  • the communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63.
  • the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 between the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58 that are provided on the vehicle 40.
  • the communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication.
  • the communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49.
  • the external device may be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10 or user terminal 20.
  • the communication module 60 may also be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).
  • the communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the signals from the various sensors 50-58 described above input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication.
  • the electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input.
  • the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.
  • the communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle.
  • the information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data/information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).
  • the communication module 60 also stores various information received from external devices in memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided on the vehicle 40.
  • the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal.
  • each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.).
  • the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above.
  • terms such as "uplink” and "downlink” may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink").
  • the uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. may be read as the sidelink channel.
  • the user terminal in this disclosure may be interpreted as a base station.
  • the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.
  • operations that are described as being performed by a base station may in some cases be performed by its upper node.
  • a network that includes one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) or a Serving-Gateway (S-GW)), or a combination of these.
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • S-GW Serving-Gateway
  • each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched between depending on the implementation.
  • the processing procedures, sequences, flow charts, etc. of each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged as long as there is no inconsistency.
  • the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an exemplary order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • LTE-B LTE-Beyond
  • SUPER 3G IMT-Advanced
  • 4th generation mobile communication system 4th generation mobile communication system
  • 5G 5th generation mobile communication system
  • 6G 6th generation mobile communication system
  • xG x is, for example, an integer or decimal
  • Future Radio Access FX
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi
  • IEEE 802.16 WiMAX (registered trademark)
  • IEEE 802.20 Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and other appropriate wireless communication methods, as well as next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created
  • the phrase “based on” does not mean “based only on,” unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase “based on” means both “based only on” and “based at least on.”
  • any reference to an element using a designation such as "first,” “second,” etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.
  • determining may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, etc.
  • Determining may also be considered to mean “determining” receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc.
  • judgment (decision) may be considered to mean “judging (deciding)” resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc.
  • judgment (decision) may be considered to mean “judging (deciding)” some kind of action.
  • judgment (decision) may be read as interchangeably with the actions described above.
  • expect may be read as “be expected”.
  • "expect(s) " ("" may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to infinitive, etc.) may be read as “be expected !.
  • "does not expect " may be read as "be not expected ".
  • "An apparatus A is not expected " may be read as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect " (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).
  • the "maximum transmit power" referred to in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, may mean the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or may mean the rated UE maximum transmit power.
  • connection refers to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” to each other.
  • the coupling or connection between the elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connected” may be read as "access.”
  • a and B are different may mean “A and B are different from each other.”
  • the term may also mean “A and B are each different from C.”
  • Terms such as “separate” and “combined” may also be interpreted in the same way as “different.”
  • timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe
  • period occasion, resource, etc.

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  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un terminal selon un aspect de la présente divulgation comprend : une unité de commande qui, sur la base d'un premier format indiquant une ou plusieurs premières ressources temporelles, commande la transmission d'un premier signal pour la détection ; et une unité de transmission qui transmet le premier signal dans la/les première(s) ressource(s) temporelle(s). Un second signal est un résultat reçu par un ou plusieurs terminaux en réponse à la transmission du premier signal. Le premier format est déterminé conjointement avec un second format indiquant une ou plusieurs secondes ressources temporelles pour recevoir le second signal.
PCT/JP2023/024501 2023-06-30 2023-06-30 Terminal et procédé de détection sans fil Ceased WO2025004375A1 (fr)

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WO2023281913A1 (fr) * 2021-07-09 2023-01-12 パナソニック インテレクチュアル プロパティ コーポレーション オブ アメリカ Dispositif sans fil et procédé de détection

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023281913A1 (fr) * 2021-07-09 2023-01-12 パナソニック インテレクチュアル プロパティ コーポレーション オブ アメリカ Dispositif sans fil et procédé de détection

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Title
VIVO: "Initial Study on Integrated Sensing and Communication for NR [online]", 3GPP TSG RAN #99 RP-230378, 13 March 2023 (2023-03-13) *

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