WO2025007211A1 - Friandise pour animaux pour l'hygiène buccale animale - Google Patents

Friandise pour animaux pour l'hygiène buccale animale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025007211A1
WO2025007211A1 PCT/CA2024/050895 CA2024050895W WO2025007211A1 WO 2025007211 A1 WO2025007211 A1 WO 2025007211A1 CA 2024050895 W CA2024050895 W CA 2024050895W WO 2025007211 A1 WO2025007211 A1 WO 2025007211A1
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Prior art keywords
edible composition
dogs
treat
composition
animal
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PCT/CA2024/050895
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English (en)
Inventor
Joanna Rossi
Kevin Mcdonnell
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Dentalis Animal Health Inc
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Dentalis Animal Health Inc
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Priority to AU2024291307A priority Critical patent/AU2024291307A1/en
Publication of WO2025007211A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025007211A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A23K50/42—Dry feed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/0241—Containing particulates characterized by their shape and/or structure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
    • A61K8/732—Starch; Amylose; Amylopectin; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
    • A61K2800/28—Rubbing or scrubbing compositions; Peeling or abrasive compositions; Containing exfoliants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
    • A61K2800/41—Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
    • A61K2800/412—Microsized, i.e. having sizes between 0.1 and 100 microns

Definitions

  • the subject matter disclosed generally relates to an edible composition for oral hygiene of an animal, and methods of making the same. More specifically, the subject matter disclosed relates to an edible composition for oral hygiene of an animal comprising treated aragonite particles.
  • a wide variety of commercial products are available to address a pet’s dental and oral health.
  • a number of these products are pieces of rawhide in various forms and shapes or pieces of rope knotted on its ends to resemble bones.
  • Other examples of products designed to treat a pet’s dental and oral health are edible treats, which can be given to the animal on a daily basis. These products are typically hard in texture and come in various sizes, shapes and designs, such as a toothbrush or a dog bone. It is generally desired for the animal to chew on the dental product for as long as possible (ideally several minutes). The longer the chew time, the better the expected teeth cleaning because of the mechanical action of the product scraping the tartar and plaque off the teeth.
  • animal food products for a pet’s dental and oral health commonly help reduce plaque and tartar formation in part through the shape of the product, which comprise ridges, sharp edges, and other three-dimensional features, as well as the hardness of the products, which causes physical and mechanical action on the teeth of the animal chewing the product.
  • an edible composition for oral hygiene of an animal comprising: a) from about 1% to about 20% w/w of a dental abrasive comprising
  • treated aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCOa) particles having more than 95% (w/w) calcium carbonate content, a specific surface area (SSA) of about 2.70 to about 3.1 m 2 /g, the treated aragonite calcium carbonate particles having been effectively treated in mildly acidic condition; b) from about 15% to about 40% w/w of a pregelatinized starch; c) from about 11% to about 45% w/w of a plasticizer; and d) from about 0.5% to about 5% w/w of a binder.
  • SSA specific surface area
  • the treated aragonite calcium carbonate particles may have a particle size of from about 25 microns to about 70 microns.
  • the calcium carbonate content may be from about 95% to about 99.9% (w/w).
  • the particles may have a specific surface area of from about 2.80 m 2 /g to about 2.9 m 2 /g.
  • the particles may have a specific surface area of from about 2.9 m 2 /g.
  • the treated aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCOa) particles may be from an aragonite of vegetal origin.
  • the aragonite of vegetal origin may be oolitic aragonite.
  • the treated aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCOa) particles may have a crystallinity of about 24% to about 28%.
  • the treated aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCOa) particles may have a crystallinity of about 26%.
  • the plasticizer may comprise water, glycerin, a polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol, triacetin, tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, diethyl phthalate, acetic acid, formic acid, 1 -butanol, 2-butanol, ethanol, 2-methyl-1 -butanol, 2-methyl-1 -propanol, 1-pentanol, 1 -propanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl formate, isopropyl acetate, methyl acetate, propyl acetate, anisole, tert-butylmethyl ether, ethyl ether, cumene, heptane, pentane, acetone, methylethyl ketone,
  • PEG
  • the plasticizer may be water, glycerin, or a combination thereof.
  • the binder may comprise a cellulose, a gelatin, a polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a starch, sucrose, mannitol, a polyethylene glycol, liquid glucose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, acacia gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, a chitosan, a dextran, guar gum, inulin, a dextrin, a maltodextrin, polyethylene oxide, sodium alginate, zein, carrageenan or combinations thereof.
  • PVP polyvinyl pyrrolidone
  • HPMC hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose
  • the binder may be xanthan gum.
  • the pregelatinized starch may be a partially pregelatinized starch, a fully pregelatinized starch, or a combination thereof.
  • the pregelatinized starch may be a fully pregelatinized starch.
  • the pregelatinized starch may be from a potato starch, a corn starch, a rice starch, a wheat starch, a cassava starch, or combinations thereof.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may further comprise a lubricant.
  • the lubricant may be from about 1 % to about 15% w/w of the composition.
  • the lubricant may be magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, purified talc, a light PEG, sodium stearyl fumerate, sodium lauryl sulphate, a long chain triglyceride (LCT), a medium chain triglyceride (MCT), a short chain triglyceride (SCT) or combinations thereof.
  • LCT long chain triglyceride
  • MCT medium chain triglyceride
  • SCT short chain triglyceride
  • the lubricant may be magnesium stearate, the medium chain triglyceride, or a combination thereof.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may further comprise a palatant.
  • the palatant may be meat flavoring, chicken flavoring, beef flavoring, pork flavoring, cheese flavoring, smoke flavoring, fish flavoring, a sweetening agent, or a combination thereof.
  • the palatant may be from about 10% to about 30% w/w of the composition.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may further comprise a preservative agent.
  • the preservative agent may be sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid, ammonium benzoate, calcium benzoate, magnesium benzoate, potassium benzoate, sodium benzoate, lactic acid, propionic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, citric acid, trisodium citrate, tripotassium citrate, tartaric acid, disodium EDTA, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, gallic acid, sodium gallate, sulfur dioxide, a sulfite, a tocopherol, and combinations thereof.
  • the preservative agent may be from about 0.2% to about 5% w/w of the composition.
  • the composition may comprise: a) about 12% w/w of the dental abrasive; b) about 31.85% w/w of the pregelatinized starch; c) about 29 % w/w of the plasticizer, wherein the plasticizer comprises water and glycerin; d) about 2% w/w of a binder comprising xanthan gum; e) about 4.5% w/w of the lubricant, wherein the lubricant comprises magnesium stearate and medium chain triglyceride; f) about 20% w/w of the flavoring agent; and g) about 0.65% w/w of the preservative agent, wherein the preservative agent comprises citric acid, potassium sorbate, and a tocopherol.
  • the edible composition may have a palatability equal to or higher than palatability of a standard animal diet.
  • the treat may have the shape of an elongated prism.
  • the elongated prism may be a triangular prism, a square prism, a rectangular prism, a pentagonal prism, a hexagonal prism, a heptagonal prism, an octagonal prism, a nonagonal prism, or a decagonal prism.
  • the longitudinal side of the elongated prism may further comprise a groove.
  • the cross-sectional side of the elongated prism may further comprise a groove.
  • the elongated prism may be a pentagonal prism comprising a groove on each of its longitudinal side.
  • an edible composition of the present invention or the treat of the present invention, for removal of calculus, for prevention of calculus formation, or a combination thereof.
  • a method of cleaning an oral cavity of an animal in need thereof comprising providing the edible composition of the present invention or the treat of the present invention, to the animal.
  • a method of preventing formation of, or of removing calculus in an oral cavity of an animal in need thereof comprising providing the edible composition of the present invention or the treat of the present invention, to the animal.
  • the edible composition is used or provided once a day or more, or once or more every other day.
  • the use or the method of the present invention may further comprise brushing with a toothpaste prior to or after use of the edible composition.
  • SSA specific surface area
  • the method may further comprise step 1 ’ prior to step 1 ):
  • the method of the present invention may further comprise step 2):
  • aqueous solution comprising from about 1 % to about 10% w/w of the total weight of the composition of a plasticizer comprising water, and from about 0.1% to about 2% w/w of the total weight of the composition of a second preservative agent, to obtain a first dough blend.
  • the method may further comprise step 3):
  • the method may further comprise step 4)
  • the method may further comprise step 5):
  • the method may further comprise a curing step 6):
  • oolitic aragonite is intended to mean calcium carbonate mineral, aragonite, with an egg-like shape (“oolitic” from the Ancient Greek word wov for “egg”) and sand grain size. This type or aragonite mineral typically forms in tropical waters through precipitation, sedimentation, and microbial activity, and is indicative of high energy environments. Oolitic aragonite forms in high-salinity waters that are turbulent, shallow, and warm. The oolitic aragonite starts to form around a nucleus of calcium carbonate, such as a peloid, shell fragment, or foraminifer. The nucleus is coated with a thin layer of crystalline carbonate to form the cortex of the ooid.
  • oolitic aragonite sand is created by dissolved calcium carbonate joining with the cortex or nucleus of the ooid.
  • the dissolved calcium carbonate in seawater continues to stick to the cortex and is combined with the high velocity water which creates the smooth, granular shape resulting in the aragonite composed ooid.
  • Biomineralization involving microbial organic matter likely also plays an important role in ooid formation.
  • halitosis is intended to refer to an oral health problem where the main symptom is bad smelling breath.
  • gingivitis is intended to mean the non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums.
  • gingivitis The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that is attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.
  • Most forms of gingivitis are plaque-induced. While some cases of gingivitis never progress to periodontitis, periodontitis is always preceded by gingivitis. Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene; however, without treatment, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, in which the inflammation of the gums results in tissue destruction and bone resorption around the teeth. Periodontitis can ultimately lead to tooth loss.
  • plaque or “dental plaque” is intended to mean a biofilm of microorganisms (mostly bacteria, but also fungi) that grows on surfaces within the mouth. It is a sticky colorless deposit at first, but when it forms tartar, it is often brown or pale yellow. It is commonly found between the teeth, on the front of teeth, behind teeth, on chewing surfaces, along the gumline (supragingival), or below the gumline cervical margins (subgingival). Dental plaque is also known as microbial plaque, oral biofilm, dental biofilm, dental plaque biofilm or bacterial plaque biofilm. Bacterial plaque is one of the major causes for dental decay and gum disease.
  • dental calculus or “tartar” are intended to mean mineralized plaque. Because dental calculus I tartar is porous, it can absorb various toxic chemicals, food debris and bacteria that can damage the periodontal tissues. Dental calculus is made of calcium phosphate crystals, which are created when calcium and phosphate bind to form calcium phosphate crystals.
  • Oral hygiene is important as dental biofilms may become acidic causing demineralization of the teeth (also known as dental caries) or harden into dental calculus (also known as tartar). Calculus cannot be removed through tooth brushing orwith interdental aids, but only through professional cleaning.
  • animal is intended to mean any animal that has an oral cavity having teeth that is susceptible to be treated with the edible composition of the present invention, and particularly those animals that are susceptible to oral calculus buildup.
  • animals may include domestic animals, such as rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, rats, mice, ferrets, chinchillas, but particularly pets such as dogs and cats.
  • the domestic animals may also include farm animals having teeth, such as cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, horses, donkeys.
  • the edible composition of the present invention could also be used by any other type of animals having teeth, such as zoo animals such as lions, tigers, bears, pandas, foxes, etc.
  • palatability is intended to mean the fact or quality of the edible composition being acceptable or agreeable to the taste of the animals consuming it. It may refer or example to the tastiness or the acceptability in some other way of the edible composition. Palatability may be defined as “the hedonic evaluation of oro-sensory food cues under standardized conditions”. Taste, odor, appearance, texture, temperature, sound, and trigeminal senses which together constitute flavor are sensory characteristics of a food which people use to assess palatability. [0062] The term “toothpaste” is intended to mean a paste used on a toothbrush for cleaning the teeth.
  • the toothpaste may be a toothpaste that is specifically designed to be used with animals, such as canines (i.e. , canine toothpaste) that comprise ingredients that are appropriate to be used with said animal species.
  • canines i.e. , canine toothpaste
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a process for the preparation of the treats based on the edible composition for oral hygiene according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the shape of a treat according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Dental calculus is mineralized plaque and because it is porous, it can absorb various toxic chemicals, food debris and bacteria that can damage the periodontal tissues. Hence, calculus removal is critical for maintaining adequate periodontal health in mammals. Therefore, there has been substantial interest in the development and implementation of approaches that will ease the calculus removal process in humans and animals.
  • the only feasible method for removing dental calculus is mechanical removal by scaling in dental (for humans) and veterinarian (for animals) clinics.
  • Dental calculus is made of calcium phosphate crystals, which are created when calcium and phosphate bind to form calcium phosphate crystals.
  • an edible composition for oral hygiene of an animal is unexpectedly efficient at preventing tartar building when consumed.
  • the edible composition comprises from about 1 % to about 20% w/w/ of a dental abrasive comprising treated aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCOa) particles having more than 95% (w/w) calcium carbonate content, a specific surface area (SSA) of about 2.70 to about 3.1 m 2 /g.
  • the treated aragonite calcium carbonate particles have been effectively treated in mildly acidic condition.
  • composition of the present invention also comprises from about 15% to about 40% w/w of a pregelatinized starch, from about 11% to about 45% w/w of a plasticizer; and from about 0.5% to about 5% w/w of a binder.
  • Aragonite is a carbonate mineral, one of the two common, naturally occurring, crystal forms of calcium carbonate, CaCOa, the other form being the mineral calcite. It is formed by biological and physical processes, including precipitation from marine and freshwater environments.
  • Aragonite's crystal lattice differs from that of calcite, resulting in a different crystal shape, an orthorhombic system with acicular crystals. Repeated twinning results in pseudo-hexagonal forms.
  • Aragonite may be columnar or fibrous, occasionally in branching stalactitic forms called flos- ferri (“flowers of iron”) from their association with the ores at the Carinthian iron mines.
  • Aragonite forms naturally in almost all mollusk shells, and as the calcareous endoskeleton of warm- and cold-water corals (Scleractinia). Several serpulids have aragonitic tubes. Because the mineral deposition in mollusk shells is strongly biologically controlled, some crystal forms are distinctively different from those of inorganic aragonite. In some mollusks, the entire shell is aragonite; in others, aragonite forms only discrete parts of a bimineralic shell (aragonite plus calcite). Aragonite also forms in the ocean and in caves as inorganic precipitates called marine cements and speleothems, respectively.
  • ammolite The nacreous layer of the aragonite fossil shells of some extinct ammonites forms an iridescent material called ammolite.
  • Ammolite is primarily aragonite with impurities that make it iridescent and valuable as a gemstone.
  • the aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCOa) may be from any suitable origin that is capable of providing the treated aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCOa) particles.
  • the aragonite calcium carbonate may be from animal origin, for example from cuttlefish or shellfish origin.
  • the aragonite calcium carbonate may be from inorganic origin, such as aragonite that forms in the ocean and in caves as precipitates.
  • the aragonite calcium carbonate may be from vegetal origin, for example from oolitic origin.
  • the aragonite calcium carbonate and the treated aragonite calcium carbonate are free of chitin, to avoid allergic reactions to those individuals that are allergic to it.
  • chitin is normally present in aragonites sourced from animal origin, aragonites from vegetal origin, for example from oolitic origin are preferred when wanting to avoid the presence of chitin.
  • the particles of treated aragonite calcium carbonate (CaCOa) used in the present invention may be comprised of particles of the treated aragonite calcium carbonate particles which have a particle size of from about 25 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 26 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 27 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 28 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 29 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 30 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 31 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 32 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 33 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 34 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 35 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 36 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 37 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 38 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 39 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 40 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 41 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 42 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 43 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 44 pm to about 70 pm, or from about 45 pm to
  • the favored abrasion ration value is between 0 and 88 in accordance with the DESAUTELS and LABRECHE 1999 scale.
  • the abrasiveness scale of DESAUTELS and LABRECHE varies as follows for toothpaste: 1) bit abrasive: 0% to 88%; 2) abrasive to medium abrasive: 88% to 100% and 3) very abrasive: > 100%.
  • Specific surface area (SSA), or Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) SSA is a property of solids defined as the total surface area of a material per unit of mass.
  • the particles of treated aragonite calcium carbonate of the present invention may have a specific surface area (in m 2 /g) of about 2.7 to about 3.1 , or about 2.75 to about 3.1 , or about 2.8 to about 3.1 , or about 2.85 to about 3.1 , or about 2.9 to about 3.1 , or about 2.95 to about 3.1 , or about 3 to about 3.1 , or about 3.05 to about 3.1 , or about 2.7 to about 3.05, or about 2.75 to about 3.05, or about 2.8 to about 3.05, or about 2.85 to about 3.05, or about 2.9 to about 3.05, or about 2.95 to about 3.05, or about 3 to about 3.05, or about 2.7 to about 3.00, or about 2.75 to about 3.00, or about 2.8 to about 3.00, or about 2.85 to about 3.00,
  • Crystallinity refers to the degree of structural order in a solid. In a crystal, the atoms or molecules are arranged in a regular, periodic manner. The degree of crystallinity influences the hardness, density, transparency, and diffusion of the solid.
  • the crystallinity of the treated oolitic aragonite used in the present invention may be from about 24% to about 28%, or about 24% to about 27.5%, or about 24% to about 27%, or about 24% to about 26.5%, or about 24% to about 26%, or about 24% to about 25.5%, or about 24% to about 25%, or about 24% to about 24.5%, or about 24.5% to about 28%, or about 24.5% to about 27.5%, or about 24.5% to about 27%, or about 24.5% to about 26.5%, or about 24.5% to about 26%, or about 24.5% to about 25.5%, or about 24.5% to about 25%, or about 25% to about 28%, or about 25% to about 27.5%, or about 25% to about 27%, or about 25% to about 26.5%, or about 25% to about 26%, or about 25% to about 25.5%, or about 25.5% to about 25.5%, or about 25.5%, or about 25.5% to about 28%, or about 25% to about 27
  • the particles of treated aragonite calcium carbonate of the present invention have been treated in mildly acidic conditions, for example in ammonium chloride or ammonium acetate, at pH from about 4.5 to about 5.5, or from about 4.5 to about 5.4, or from about 4.5 to about 5.3, or from about 4.5 to about 5.2, or from about 4.5 to about 5.1 , or from about 4.5 to about 5.0, or from about 4.5 to about 4.9, or from about 4.5 to about 4.8, or from about 4.5 to about 4.7, or from about 4.5 to about 4.6, or from about 4.6 to about 5.5, or from about 4.6 to about 5.4, or from about 4.6 to about 5.3, or from about 4.6 to about 5.2, or from about 4.6 to about 5.1 , or from about 4.6 to about 5.0, or from about 4.6 to about 4.9, or from about 4.6 to about 4.8, or from about 4.6 to about 4.7, or from about 4.7 to about 5.5, or from about 4.7 to about
  • the bone powder used in the present invention comprises a high content in calcium; containing at least 95% calcium carbonate, with reduced amounts of magnesium, zinc, iron and ammonia containing derivatives.
  • the calcium carbonate of the cuttlefish bone powder particles may be at least 95%, at least 95.5%, at least 96%, at least 96.5%, at least 97%, at least 97.5%, at least 98%, at least 98.5%, at least 99%, or from about 95% to 99% (w/w), or from about 95% to 98.5% (w/w), or from about 95% to about 98%, or from about 95% to 97.5% (w/w), or from about 95% to about 97%, or from about 95% to 96.5% (w/w), or from about 95% to about 96%, or from about 95% to 95.5% (w/w), or from about 95.5% to 99% (w/w), or from about 95.5% to 98.5% (w/w), or from about 95.5%.5%, or
  • the mildly acidic treatment may be performed with mild acids such as ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium formate, ammonium malate, triammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate, acetic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, tannic acid, boric acids, lactic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, uric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, phosphorous acid and the likes. Stronger acids such as hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acids may also be used in dilute conditions that result in mildly acidic treatment of the calcium carbonate.
  • mild acids such as ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium formate, ammonium malate, triammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate, acetic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, tannic acid
  • concentrations of the acids for providing the mild acid treatment will vary according to the acid compound used.
  • concentration may be from about 0.1 M to about 10 M, preferable about 1.87 M or 2 M.
  • the treated aragonite calcium carbonate, or the treated oolitic aragonite calcium carbonate described above may represent from about 1% to about 20%, or from about 1 % to about 19%, or from about 1% to about 18%, or from about 1% to about 17%, or from about 1% to about 16%, or from about 1% to about 15%, or from about 1% to about 14%, or from about 1 % to about 13%, or from about 1 % to about 12%, or from about 1 % to about 11 %, or from about 1% to about 10%, or from about 1% to about 9%, or from about 1 % to about 8%, or from about 1% to about 7%, or from about 1 % to about 6%, or from about 1 % to about 5%, or from about 1 % to about 4%, or from about 1 % to about 3%, or from about 1% to about 2%, or from about 2% to about 20%, or from about 2% to about 19%
  • the composition of the present invention may further comprise a humectant.
  • Humectants are substances used to keep things moist. When used as a food additive, the humectant has the effect of keeping the foodstuff moist. Humectants are also found in many cosmetic products where moisturization is desired, including treatments such as moisturizing hair conditioners and also commonly used in body lotions.
  • humectants include but are not limited to propylene glycol, as well as hexylene glycol and butylene glycol, glyceryl triacetate, vinyl alcohol, neoagarobiose, sugar polyols such as glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol and maltitol, polymeric polyols like polydextrose, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, quillaia, lactic acid, urea, glycerin, aloe vera gel, MP Diol, alpha hydroxy acids like lactic acid, and honey.
  • the preferred humectant may glycerol
  • the preferred humectants may be glycerol, xylitol, sorbitol, or a combination thereof.
  • Pregelatinized starch is starch which has been cooked and then dried, for example in a drum dryer, spray drier or in an extruder.
  • the process of pregelatinization makes the starch cold- water-soluble.
  • Pregelatinization gives native and stabilized starches the ability to form a cold-water paste. They develop viscosity without the need for heat which means that the food manufacturer does not need to pre-cook the starch and may directly include it in the edible composition of the present invention.
  • the pregelatinized starch is a partially pregelatinized starch, a fully pregelatinized starch, or a combination thereof.
  • Partially pregelatinized starch contains soluble (gelatinized) and insoluble fractions.
  • the insoluble fraction comprises intact starch grains.
  • the larger particle size of the more granular pregelatinized starch imparts better flow properties than native starch.
  • Fully pregelatinized starch contains only the soluble fraction.
  • the pregelatinized starch is a fully pregelatinized starch.
  • the pregelatinized starch may be a modified pregelatinized starch.
  • the modified starch may be a carboxylated starch, a hydroxypropylated starch, an acetylated starch, a hydroxypropyl methylated starch, an aminated starch, an alkylated starch, an acylated starch, an acid modified starch, an octenylated starch, a pregelatinized starch, or combinations thereof.
  • the carboxylated starch may be carboxymethyl starch, carboxyethyl starch, succinyl starch, octenyl succinyl starch, acryloyl starch, acetyl starch or combinations thereof.
  • the pregelatinized starch is from a potato starch, a corn starch, maize starch, a rice starch, a wheat starch, a cassava starch, or combinations thereof.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may comprise from about 15% to about 40% w/w, or from about 20% to about 40% w/w, or from about 25% to about 40% w/w, or from about 30% to about 40% w/w, or from about 35% to about 40% w/w of a pregelatinized starch.
  • Edible composition of the present invention comprising such pregelatinized starches in the amounts indicated will typically have a texture and hardness of a hard dog biscuit.
  • the edible composition of the present invention reaches the desired texture and hardness after several weeks of curing (e.g., about 8 weeks), and the pregelatinized starch used in the preparation may be the subject of starch retrogradation (a recrystallization process in which disaggregated amylose and amylopectin molecules in gelatinized starches reassociate to form more ordered structures). After about 2 months, the product achieves a final texture/hardness and is stable after that.
  • the edible composition of the present invention comprises a plasticizer.
  • Plasticizers are substances that are added to a material to make it softer and more flexible, to increase its plasticity, to decrease its viscosity, and/or to decrease friction during its handling in manufacture.
  • plasticizer examples include but are not limited to water, glycerin, a polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol, triacetin, tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, diethyl phthalate, acetic acid, formic acid, 1 -butanol, 2-butanol, ethanol, 2-methyl-1 -butanol, 2-methyl-1 -propanol, 1 -pentanol, 1 -propanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl formate, isopropyl acetate, methyl acetate, propyl acetate, anisole, tert-butylmethyl ether, ethyl ether, cumene, heptane, pentane, acetone, methyleth
  • the present invention may comprise from about 11% to about 45% w/w, or from about 15% to about 45% w/w, or from about 20% to about 45% w/w, or from about 25% to about 45% w/w, or from about 30% to about 45% w/w, or from about 35% to about 45% w/w, or from about 40% to about 45% w/w, or 11 , 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 , 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45% w/w of a plasticizer.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may comprise binders.
  • Binders or binding agents are the substances which are added either dry or in liquid form during dough formation of the edible composition of the present invention, to promote cohesiveness of the final product.
  • binder examples include but are not limited to a cellulose, a gelatin, a polyvinyl pyrrolidone, a starch, sucrose, mannitol, a polyethylene glycol, liquid glucose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, acacia gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, a chitosan, a dextran, guar gum, inulin, a dextrin, a maltodextrin, polyethylene oxide, sodium alginate, zein, a carrageenan, or combinations thereof.
  • the binder may be xanthan gum.
  • the binding may be from about 0.5% to about 5% w/w, or from about 1 % to about 5% w/w, or from about 1 .5% to about 5% w/w, or from about 2% to about 5% w/w, or from about 2.5% to about 5% w/w, or from about 3% to about 5% w/w, or from about 3.5% to about 5% w/w, or from about 4% to about 5% w/w, or from about 4.5% to about 5% w/w, or about 0.5%, 1%, 1 .5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% w/w, of the total weight of the edible composition.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may comprise lubricants.
  • Lubricants may be used in powder blends to prevent adherence of granule/powder to equipment surfaces and to inhibit agglomeration of individual particles.
  • Minerals such as talc or silica, and fats, e.g., vegetable stearin, magnesium stearate or stearic acid are the most frequently used lubricants in tablets or hard gelatin capsules prepared in the pharmaceutical arts.
  • the most widely used lubricants in use today are hydrophobic lubricants. These are usually effective at relatively low concentrations and many also have both anti-adherent and glidant properties.
  • suitable lubricant include but are not limited to magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, purified talc, a light PEG, sodium stearyl fumerate, sodium lauryl sulphate, a long chain triglyceride (LCT), a medium chain triglyceride (MCT), a short chain triglyceride (SCT) or combinations thereof.
  • the lubricant may be magnesium stearate, the medium chain triglyceride, or a combination thereof.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may comprise from about orfrom about 1% to about 15% w/w, or from about 2% to about 15% w/w, or from about 3% to about 15% w/w, or from about 4% to about 15% w/w, or from about 5% to about 15% w/w, or from about 6% to about 15% w/w, or from about 7% to about 15% w/w, or from about 8% to about 15% w/w, or from about 9% to about 15% w/w, or from about 10% to about 15% w/w, or from about 11% to about 15% w/w, or from about 12% to about 15% w/w, or from about 13% to about 15% w/w, or from about 14% to about 15% w/w, or about 1 %, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11 %, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15% w/w of lubricant.
  • the edible composition of the present invention is a palatable edible composition.
  • palatability refers to the fact or quality of the edible composition being acceptable or agreeable to the taste of the animals consuming it. It may refer for example to the tastiness or the acceptability in some other way of the edible composition.
  • Palatability may be defined as “the hedonic evaluation of oro-sensory food cues under standardized conditions”. Taste, odor, appearance, texture, temperature, sound, and trigeminal senses which together constitute flavor are sensory characteristics of a food which people use to assess palatability. Palatability can be measured as the subjective preference for a food, its subjective pleasantness, or indeed the amount (in grams) of a food a subject eats.
  • the relative palatability of a food can be determined by choice tests or taste tests relative to other standard food.
  • the standard food may be a standard animal diet provided to an animal as part of their normal diet.
  • the expression standard animal diet refers to animal diets that are formulated to meet broad objectives at a variety of life stages and that have been fed to laboratory animals for years, for example for more than 75 years.
  • standard animal diets may have been used across a wide range of research areas.
  • the standard food for a dog may be a standard diet provided to dog, such as Purina Dog Chow®.
  • the edible composition of the present invention should have a palatability that is at least equal to the palatability of the standard food.
  • the palatability of the edible composition of the present invention should have a palatability that is equal to or higher than the palatability of the standard food. More preferably, the palatability of the edible composition of the present invention should have a palatability that is higher than the palatability of the standard food.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may comprise a palatant.
  • Palatants which may be associated with flavoring agents, flavoring, flavor, or flavorants or palatants, are ingredient systems that are specially designed to improve food consumption. They are designed to appeal to one or more of an animal’s sensory capacities - olfactory, chemaesthetic, taste, and texture. Palatants are used to improve the taste or smell of food. It changes the perceptual impression of food as determined primarily by the chemoreceptors of the gustatory and olfactory systems. Palatants may be applied topically to pet food in liquid or dry form, or a combination of both.
  • Palatability is the capacity of a food or an ingredient to stimulate the appetite of animals, such as a dog or a cat to encourage eating and satiety. These feeding experiences are dependent on packaging, formula, heat processing, and the freshness and stability of raw materials, making palatability a science demanding rigor.
  • the palatant may be used in the edible composition of the present invention to improve compliance of the animal with consumption of the product for oral hygiene of an animal, as an animal that is more inclined to consume the edible composition would benefit from the attendant improvement in oral hygiene.
  • Suitable palatants include but are not limited to meat flavoring, chicken flavoring, beef flavoring, pork flavoring, cheese flavoring, smoke flavoring, fish flavoring or a combination thereof.
  • the palatant may be a sweetening agent.
  • the palatant may be FlavorPalTM from Vetio Animal HealthTM.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may comprise from about 10% to about 30% w/w, or from about 11 % to about 30% w/w, or from about 12% to about 30% w/w, or from about 13% to about 30% w/w, or from about 14% to about 30% w/w, or from about 15% to about 30% w/w, or from about 16% to about 30% w/w, or from about 17% to about 30% w/w, or from about 18% to about 30% w/w, or from about 19% to about 30% w/w, or from about 20% to about 30% w/w, or from about 21% to about 30% w/w, or from about 22% to about 30% w/w, or from about 23% to about 30% w/w, or from about 24% to about 30% w/w, or from about 25% to about 30% w/w, or from about 26% to about 30% w/w, or from about 27% to about 30% w/w, or from about 28% to about 30% 30%
  • the edible composition of the present invention may comprise a preservative agent.
  • a preservative, or preservative agent is a substance or a chemical that is added to the edible composition of the present invention to prevent decomposition by microbial growth or by undesirable chemical changes, such as oxidation.
  • the preservative agent may be an antimicrobial preservative, which as used herein, are chemical substance used to preserve pharmaceuticals, food or other organic material from decomposition or fermentation by preventing the growth of microorganisms.
  • the preservative agent may be an antioxidant preservative.
  • Antioxidant preservatives are additives capable of delaying or preventing rancidity of food due to oxidation, and therefore, lengthen the shelf life of products. They allow foods to conserve their nutritional properties and their quality levels. Antioxidant preservatives do not improve the quality of food, but help them to keep for a longer period of time.
  • antioxidants from natural and synthetic origin, which are usually used in food. Examples of natural antioxidants used in the food industry are tocopherols, ascorbic acid or rosemary extract.
  • preservative agent examples include but is not limited to sorbic acid, sodium sorbate, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid, ammonium benzoate, calcium benzoate, magnesium benzoate, potassium benzoate, sodium benzoate, lactic acid, propionic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid, ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, citric acid, trisodium citrate, tripotassium citrate, tartaric acid, disodium EDTA, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, gallic acid, sodium gallate, sulfur dioxide, a sulfite, a tocopherol, and combinations thereof.
  • the preservative agent is citric acid, potassium sorbate, and a tocopherol or a combination thereof.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may comprise from about 0.2% to about 5% w/w, or from about 0.4% to about 5% w/w, or from about 0.6% to about 5% w/w, or from about 0.8% to about 5% w/w, or from about 1 % to about 5% w/w, or from about 1 % to about 5% w/w, or from about 1 .5% to about 5% w/w, or from about 2% to about 5% w/w, or from about 2.5% to about 5% w/w, or from about 3% to about 5% w/w, or from about 3.5% to about 5% w/w, or from about 4% to about 5% w/w, or from about 4.5% to about 5% w/w, or from about 5% to about 5% w/w, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.6%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.6%, 2.8%, or from about
  • the size and weight of the treats prepared from the edible composition of the present invention may be modulated according to the animal size and weight for which they are intended. Smaller animals will require smaller treats than larger animals. For example, small (5 - 15 lbs (2.3 - 6.8 kg)), medium (15 - 25 lbs (6.8 - 11 kg)), large (25 - 50 lbs (11 - 22.7 kg)), and extra-large (> 50 lbs (> 22.7 kg)) dogs will use different size and weight treats.
  • small dogs may eat about 10 to 20 g; e.g., 15 g treats, medium dogs may eat about 20 to 40 g; e.g., 30 g treats, large dogs may eat about 40 to 70 g; e.g., 55 g treats, and extra-large dogs may eat about 75 to 115 g; e.g., 95 g treats.
  • the treats for a small animal may weigh from about 10g to about 11g, or from about 10g to about 12g, or from about 10g to about 13g, or from about 10g to about 14g, or from about 10g to about 15g, or from about 10g to about 16g, or from about 10g to about 17g, or from about 10g to about 18g, or from about 10g to about 19g, or from about 10g to about 20g, or from about 11 g to about 12g, or from about 11g to about 13g, or from about 11g to about 14g, or from about 11 g to about 15g, or from about 11 g to about 16g, or from about 11g to about 17g, or from about 11g to about 18g, or from about 11g to about 19g, or from about 11 g to about 20g, or from about 12g to about 13g, or from about 12g to about 14g, or from about 12g to about 15g, or from about 10g to about 16g, or from about 11g to about 17g, or from
  • the treats for a medium animal may weigh from about 20g to about 22g, or from about 20g to about 24g, or from about 20g to about 26g, or from about 20g to about 28g, or from about 20g to about 30g, or from about 20g to about 32g, or from about 20g to about 34g, or from about 20g to about 36g, or from about 20g to about 38g, or from about 20g to about 40g, or from about 22g to about 24g, or from about 22g to about 26g, or from about 22g to about 28g, or from about 22g to about 30g, or from about 22g to about 32g, or from about 22g to about 34g, or from about 22g to about 36g, or from about 22g to about 38g, or from about 22g to about 40g, or from about 24g to about 26g, or from about 24g to about 28g, or from about 24g to about 30g, or from about 24g to about 32g, or from about 24g to about 34g, or from about 24g to
  • the treats for a large animal may weigh from about 40g to about 42g, or from about 40g to about 44g, or from about 40g to about 46g, or from about 40g to about 48g, or from about 40g to about 50g, or from about 40g to about 52g, or from about 40g to about 54g, or from about 40g to about 56g, or from about 40g to about 58g, or from about 40g to about 60g, or from about 40g to about 62g, or from about 40g to about 64g, or from about 40g to about 66g, or from about 40g to about 68g, or from about 40g to about 70g, or from about 42g to about 44g, or from about 42g to about 46g, or from about 42g to about 48g, or from about 42g to about 50g, or from about 42g to about 52g, or from about 42g to about 54g, or from about 42g to about 56g, or from about 42g to about 58g, or from about 42g to about 42g, or
  • the treats for an extra-large animal may weigh from about 75g to about 80g, or from about 75g to about 85g, or from about 75g to about 90g, or from about 75g to about 95g, or from about 75g to about 100g, or from about 75g to about 105g, or from about 75g to about 110g, or from about 75g to about 115g, or from about 80g to about 85g, or from about 80g to about 90g, or from about 80g to about 95g, or from about 80g to about 100g, or from about 80g to about 105g, or from about 80g to about 110g, or from about 80g to about 115g, or from about 85g to about 90g, or from about 85g to about 95g, or from about 85g to about 100g, or from about 85g to about 105g, or from about 85g to about 110g, or from about 85g to about 115g, or from about 90g to about 95g, or from about 90g to about 100g, or from about 90g to about 110g
  • the shape of the treats prepared from the edible composition of the present invention should facilitate gripping with and manipulation of the treat in the animal’s mouth, while providing physical and mechanical action on the teeth of the animal chewing the treat.
  • the shape of the treat may comprise elongated prisms, and particularly elongated prisms such as triangular prisms, square prisms, rectangular prisms, pentagonal prisms, hexagonal prisms, heptagonal prisms, octagonal prisms, nonagonal prisms, decagonal prisms, etc.
  • the length, height and width of the prisms may be adapted according to the desired weight of the treat.
  • the longitudinal side of the prism may comprise one or more grooves to provide additional gripping surface area.
  • the shape of the grooves may be any suitable shape to provide gripping surface area, such as an open rectangular or square shape, or semicircular, for example. All longitudinal sides may comprise the groove, or less than the total of the longitudinal sides may comprise the groove.
  • the cross-sectional side of the prism may comprise one or more grooves to provide additional gripping surface area.
  • the shape of the grooves may be any suitable shape to provide gripping surface area, such as an open rectangular or square shape, or semicircular, for example. All cross-sectional sides may comprise the groove, or only one of the cross- sectional sides may comprise the groove.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a treat shaped as a pentagonal prism 10, where each longitudinal side is bisected into side 12 by semicircular groove 14.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may be used for oral hygiene. In another embodiment, the edible composition of the present invention may be used for removal of calculus, for prevention of calculus formation, or a combination thereof.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may be used in a method of cleaning an oral cavity of an animal in need thereof.
  • the method comprises the step of providing the edible composition of the present invention to the animal.
  • the edible composition of the present invention may be used in a method of preventing formation of, or of removing calculus in an oral cavity of an animal in need thereof.
  • the method comprises the step of providing the edible composition of the present invention to the animal.
  • the edible composition may be used or provided once a day or more, or once or more every other day.
  • the use or the method of the present invention may further comprise brushing with a toothpaste prior to or after use of the edible composition.
  • SSA specific surface area
  • the method may further comprise a step 1 ’) prior to step 1)
  • the method may further comprise step 2):
  • aqueous solution comprising from about 1 % to about 10% w/w of the total weight of the composition of a plasticizer comprising water, and from about 0.1% to about 2% w/w of the total weight of the composition of a second preservative agent, to obtain a first dough blend.
  • the method may further comprise the step of mixing in the first dough blend from about 10% to about 35% w/w of the total weight of the composition of a humectant comprising glycerin, to obtain a second dough blend.
  • the method may further comprise the step of mixing a first oil blend in the second blend, the first oil blend comprising medium chain triglyceride and a tocopherol, to obtain a third dough blend.
  • the method may further comprise the step of extruding and/or shaping the third dough blend into a treat.
  • the method may further comprise a curing step of curing the treat for at least 8 week to obtain a textured and hardened treat.
  • Table 1 edible composition for oral hygiene
  • a convection mixer e.g., a planetary or plow mixer
  • Step 3 In a separate container, a solution of citric acid in water is prepared.
  • the TocobiolTM SF is blended with Medium Chain T riglyceride (MCT).
  • MCT Medium Chain T riglyceride
  • the citric acid I water mixture from step 3
  • the time of addition should be about 1 minute.
  • Glycerin is added to the blend.
  • the time of addition should be about 2 minutes.
  • the blend is mixed for 1 additional minute.
  • step 8 while operating the mixer, add the TocobiolTM SF/MCT oil mixture (from Step 4) to the blend. The time of addition should be about 1 minute.
  • step 9 continue mixing at room temperature until the material achieves a dough-like consistency (e.g., about 1 - 3 minutes).
  • step 10 using an extruder fitted with a die with the desired cross-sectional shape, extrude the dough at room temperature.
  • the extruded segments are either cut directly to the desired weight during the extrusion or are extruded into 45-to-61-cm (18-to-24-inch) segments, which are later manually cut to the appropriate weight.
  • step 11 the extruded segments are allowed to cure on parchment lined trays for 1 to 7 days. They are then packed in the primary packaging or in bulk storage containers (Steps 12 and 13, respectively).
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a process for the preparation of treats based on the edible composition for oral hygiene according to the present invention.
  • EXAMPLE 2 EXAMPLE 2
  • the kennel facility is registered with the USDA No. 23-R-0126 under the Animal Welfare Act.
  • the kennel had a 12-hour-light/12-hour-dark cycle. Every attempt was made to keep temperature ranges within targeted conditions (from 10° to 27°C) in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act. Cages and feed bowls were cleaned daily and sanitized in accordance with the Animal Welfare Act.
  • Table 8.2 Average Daily Food Consumption per Week (g) for Group 2: Purina Dog Chow & treat according to the present invention - 28 Day Test Phase
  • Group 2 Purina Dog Chow & treat according to the present invention days 8 to 14 - 28 Day Test Phase
  • Group 2 Purina Dog Chow & treat according to the present invention days 15 to 21 - 28 Day T est Phase invention days 22 to 28 - 28 Day Test Phase
  • test treat formed from the composition of Example 1 was designed for use in dogs; therefore, the dog was the appropriate species for the evaluation of this canine product.
  • the present is a study to determine the efficacy of one test treat on the reduction of plaque, calculus, gingivitis, and halitosis in dogs.
  • a “n” number of ten was considered the minimum number of animals per group that may provide an indication that the test treat was efficacious in the reduction of plaque, calculus, gingivitis, and halitosis in dogs.
  • Pre-Test Phase Day -7 to 0.
  • a pre-test phase of seven days was conducted before the initiation of the 28-day treatment period.
  • the dogs selected for this study were weighed and fed the control diet, a kibble, fed dry only.
  • Each animal had its teeth scaled and polished upon initiation of the pre-test phase (Day -7).
  • halitosis, plaque, and gingivitis were evaluated.
  • the scores obtained were indicative of the rate of plaque buildup for each animal when being fed the control diet only. Animals were stratified into 2 groups based on plaque scores. This procedure was performed in an attempt to reduce the variability of scores during the test/treatment phase.
  • each animal Following the dental scoring on Day 0, each animal underwent a dental cleaning and polishing procedure (with a non-fluoride polish) under anesthesia and intubation. After each cleaning procedure, a disclosing agent of 2% Eosin was applied to all test teeth and an oral examination was performed to ensure there was no remaining plaque or calculus buildup and a clean mouth was used for the start of the pre-test phase (Day -7) and start of the study (Day 0).
  • Test Phase Day 1 to Day 28. On Days 1 through 27 inclusive, all dogs assigned to Group 1 were fed the control diet only. Dogs assigned to Group 2 were offered the control diet, a kibble, fed dry and one (1) treat according to example 1. On Day 28, each animal received a halitosis, gingivitis, plaque, and calculus evaluation.
  • Test System Purpose-bred Beagle dogs. Twenty (20) animals, 10 males and 10 females, 1 to 5 years of age were used in the study. Groups (10 dogs per group) were determined by stratifying the animals according to their plaque scores from Day 0 and randomly assigning animals with similar plaque scores to each of the study groups. Dogs were ranked by plaque scores in descending order and the pairs of dogs were randomly assigned to each of the study groups.
  • Random numbers were generated using the Excel® Random Number Generator program. An even number designated the first dog of each pair to Group 1 and second dog of each pair to Group 2, an odd number designated the second dog of each pair to Group 1 and the first dog of each pair to Group 2. This method was used to reduce the variability among the study groups. An equal number of dogs were assigned to each of the study groups. Each animal had a unique ear tattoo and cage card for identification.
  • test treats On Days 1 to 27, dogs assigned to Group 2 were offered the control diet (a kibble, fed dry) and one (1) treat according to example 1 once daily two hours after the removal of the control diet. The test treats were offered for a minimum of one hour. Treat consumption was recorded for each animal once daily. The test treats were offered as received.
  • each animal received an intravenous injection of 7 mg/kg of 1 % propofol prior to intubation. Dogs were intubated and anesthesia was maintained by inhalation of isoflurane in oxygen. Additionally, to aid in drying the gums for dental procedures on Day 0 and Day 28, each animal received a subcutaneous injection of atropine (cone. 0.54 mg/ml) (dogs ⁇ 10 kg 0.8 ml and dogs >10 kg 1.0 ml), prior to the administration of propofol and isoflurane. [00151] The volume of propofol administered to each animal on Days -7, 0 and 28 was based on each animal’s body weight obtained prior to each scheduled dental procedure (body weights obtained on Days -8, -1 , and 27, respectively).
  • Pre-Test Phase Each animal had its teeth scaled and polished on Day -7. On Day 0, each animal had halitosis, gingivitis, and plaque evaluated. The scoring procedures were followed by another dental cleaning and polishing. After each cleaning procedure, a disclosing agent of 2% Eosin was applied to all test teeth and an oral examination was performed to ensure there was no remaining plaque or calculus buildup and a clean mouth was used for the start of the study. Dental cleanings/polishing were performed using general anesthesia.
  • Test Treat Phase On Day 28, evaluation of halitosis, gingivitis, plaque, and calculus were performed on each animal. Dental evaluations were performed under general anesthesia. Halitosis and gingivitis were evaluated first, and then plaque after a disclosing agent was applied. After plaque was scored, the teeth were brushed to remove the plaque, and calculus accumulation was then scored. The examination of teeth included the buccal surfaces and both sides of the mouth.
  • Gingivitis was scored on Days 0 and 28; evaluated by the modified gingival index based on Lobene et al. (1986).
  • the MGI scoring system was as follows:
  • Each tooth was assigned a numerical score based on the degree of inflammation. The sum of the teeth scores were divided by the number of teeth examined (18) to obtain a whole mouth mean gingivitis score for each animal.
  • Plaque Plaque was scored on Day 0 and 28. Plaque was evaluated using a modification of the Quigley and Hein (1962) (Turesky, 1970) plaque index. Plaque coverage and plaque thickness were assessed by placing a disclosing agent (2% Eosin) on the teeth and rinsing off the excess with tap water. The whole tooth was scored for the percentage of coronal surface covered with plaque and thickness of plaque. The score for each tooth was calculated by multiplying the coverage and thickness scores. The sum of the tooth scores was divided by the number of teeth examined (18) to obtain a whole mouth mean plaque score for each animal. Plaque formation was scored according to the table below:
  • the mean average weight change for dogs receiving the control diet was 0.14 kg (1 .35%) and the mean average weight change for dogs receiving the treats according to the present invention was -0.14kg (-1 .36%).
  • Treat Consumption The total mean treat consumption for dogs receiving treats according to the present invention was 30 grams corresponding to 100%.
  • Physical Examination/Clinical Signs A physical examination was conducted by the staff veterinarian prior to the initiation of the study and all dogs were considered to be in good health. Adverse clinical signs were not observed in any of the dogs during the conduct of the study.
  • the treats according to the present invention resulted in a 2.2% and 24.6% reduction of the group mean mouth plaque and gingivitis values, respectively, when compared to the group mean mouth plaque and gingivitis values of the control dogs, and a -9.9% reduction (increase) of the group mean mouth halitosis value when compared to the group mean mouth halitosis value of the control dogs. These differences were found to not be statistically significant.
  • the test treat is formed from the composition of Example 1 .
  • the present is a repeat of the study of Example 2, to determine the efficacy of one test treat on the reduction of plaque, calculus, gingivitis, and halitosis in dogs.
  • a “n” number of 25 was selected and considered to be sufficient to provide a reliable assessment of the effects of the test treat on the reduction of plaque, gingivitis, calculus, and halitosis in dogs.
  • Pre-Test Phase Day -7 to 0.
  • a pre-test phase of seven days was conducted before the initiation of the 28-day treatment period.
  • the dogs selected for this study were weighed and fed the control diet, a kibble, fed dry only.
  • Each animal had its teeth scaled and polished upon initiation of the pre-test phase (Day -7).
  • halitosis, plaque, and gingivitis were evaluated.
  • the scores obtained were indicative of the rate of plaque buildup for each animal when being fed the control diet only. Animals were stratified into 2 groups based on plaque scores. This procedure was performed in an attempt to reduce the variability of scores during the test/treatment phase.
  • each animal Following the dental scoring on Day 0, each animal underwent a dental cleaning and polishing procedure (with a non-fluoride polish) under anesthesia and intubation. After each cleaning procedure, a disclosing agent of 2% Eosin was applied to all test teeth and an oral examination was performed to ensure there was no remaining plaque or calculus buildup and a clean mouth was used for the start of the pre-test phase (Day -7) and start of the study (Day 0).
  • Test Phase Day 1 to Day 28. On Days 1 through 27 inclusive, all dogs assigned to Group 1 were fed the control diet only. Dogs assigned to Group 2 were offered the control diet, a kibble, fed dry and one (1 ) treat according to example 1 . Time to begin chewing, total chew time, and time to consume were recorded for 12 dogs from the test group for 5 days during the test phase of the study. On Day 28, each animal received a halitosis, gingivitis, plaque, and calculus evaluation.
  • Test System Purpose-bred Beagle dogs. Twenty (50) animals, 16 males and 34 females, 11 months to 6 years of age were used in the study. Groups (25 dogs per group) were determined by stratifying the animals according to their plaque scores from Day 0 and randomly assigning animals with similar plaque scores to each of the study groups. Dogs were ranked by plaque scores in descending order and dogs were assigned to Groups 1 through 2, then back to Groups 1 through 2 until dogs were evenly allocated to both of the groups. An equal number of dogs were assigned to each of the study groups. Each animal had a unique ear tattoo and cage card for identification.
  • test treats Introduction of the test treat. On Days 1 to 27, dogs assigned to Group 2 were offered the control diet (a kibble, fed dry) and one (1) treat according to example 1 once daily two hours after the removal of the control diet. The test treats were offered for a minimum of one hour. Treat consumption was recorded for each animal once daily. The test treats were offered as received.
  • Pre-Test Phase Each animal had its teeth scaled and polished on Day -7. On Day 0, each animal had halitosis, gingivitis, and plaque evaluated. The scoring procedures were followed by another dental cleaning and polishing. After each cleaning procedure, a disclosing agent of 2% Eosin was applied to all test teeth and an oral examination was performed to ensure there was no remaining plaque or calculus buildup and a clean mouth was used for the start of the study. Dental cleanings/polishing were performed using general anesthesia.
  • Test Treat Phase On Day 28, evaluation of halitosis, gingivitis, plaque, and calculus were performed on each animal. Dental evaluations were performed under general anesthesia. Halitosis and gingivitis were evaluated first, and then plaque after a disclosing agent was applied. After plaque was scored, the teeth were brushed to remove the plaque, and calculus accumulation was then scored. The examination of teeth included the buccal surfaces and both sides of the mouth.
  • Gingivitis was scored on Days 0 and 28; evaluated by the modified gingival index based on Lobene et al. (1986).
  • the MGI scoring system was as follows:
  • Each tooth was assigned a numerical score based on the degree of inflammation. The sum of the teeth scores were divided by the number of teeth examined (18) to obtain a whole mouth mean gingivitis score for each animal.
  • Plaque Plaque was scored on Day 0 and 28. Plaque was evaluated using a modification of the Quigley and Hein (1962) (Turesky, 1970) plaque index. Plaque coverage and plaque thickness were assessed by placing a disclosing agent (2% Eosin) on the teeth and rinsing off the excess with tap water. The whole tooth was scored for the percentage of coronal surface covered with plaque and thickness of plaque. The score for each tooth was calculated by multiplying the coverage and thickness scores. The sum of the tooth scores was divided by the number of teeth examined (18) to obtain a whole mouth mean plaque score for each animal. Plaque formation was scored according to the table below:
  • Calculus (Tartar). Calculus was scored quantitatively on Day 28 using modifications of a method developed by Warrick & Gorrell. Calculus was recorded after the tooth was disclosed and a plaque score was obtained. Each tooth was then brushed using a toothbrush to remove the plaque, the teeth were rinsed with water and air-dried, then calculus was scored. Each tooth was assigned a numerical score based on the percentage of calculus coverage and a thickness score (see calculus scoring method below). The score for each tooth was calculated by multiplying the coverage and thickness scores. The sum of the teeth scores was divided by the number of teeth examined (18) to obtain a whole mouth mean calculus score for each animal.
  • Halitosis On Day 28, dogs receiving the treats according to the present invention had a reduction of 33.4% in the mean mouth halitosis value when compared to the mean mouth halitosis value of control dogs. The reduction was not statistically significant. Halitosis comparisons are presented in Table 23.
  • Treat Consumption The total mean treat consumption for dogs receiving treats according to the present invention was 30 grams corresponding to 100%.
  • the treats according to the present invention resulted in a 17.6% and 33.4% reduction of the group mean mouth gingivitis and halitosis values, respectively, when compared to the group mean mouth gingivitis and halitosis values of the control dogs, and a -1 .5% reduction (increase) of the group mean mouth plaque value when compared to the group mean mouth plaque value of the control dogs. These differences were found to not be statistically significant.
  • the test treat is formed from the composition of Example 1 . This study was performed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of treat of the present invention and a canine toothpaste on the reduction of dental plaque, calculus (tartar), gingivitis, and halitosis in Beagle dogs.
  • Pre-Test Phase Day -7 to 0.
  • a pre-test phase of seven days was conducted before the initiation of the 28-day treatment period.
  • the dogs selected for this study were weighed and fed the control diet, a kibble, fed dry only.
  • Each animal had its teeth scaled and polished upon initiation of the pre-test phase (Day -7).
  • halitosis, plaque, and gingivitis were evaluated.
  • the scores obtained were indicative of the rate of plaque buildup for each animal when being fed the control diet only. Animals were stratified into 4 groups based on plaque scores. This procedure was performed in an attempt to reduce the variability of scores during the test/treatment phase.
  • each animal Following the dental scoring on Day 0, each animal underwent a dental cleaning and polishing procedure (with a non-fluoride, flour pumice/glycerin polish) under anesthesia and intubation. After each cleaning procedure, a disclosing agent of 2% Eosin was applied to all test teeth and an oral examination was performed to ensure there was no remaining plaque or calculus buildup and a clean mouth was used for the start of the pre-test phase (Day -7) and start of the study (Day 0).
  • a dental cleaning and polishing procedure with a non-fluoride, flour pumice/glycerin polish
  • Test Phase (Day 1 to Day 28). On Days 1 through 27 inclusive, all dogs assigned to Group 1 were fed the control diet only. Dogs assigned to Group 2 were offered the control diet, a kibble (Purina Dog Chow®), fed dry, and had their teeth brushed with a wet (tap water) toothbrush (Oral-B® Indicator® Toothbrush Flat Trim (soft bristle) - a VOHC approved and American Dental Association Accepted toothbrush) without toothpaste. Dogs assigned to Group 3 were offered the control diet, a kibble, fed dry, and had their teeth brushed with a canine toothpaste that was applied to the toothbrush.
  • Dogs assigned to Group 4 were offered the control diet, a kibble, fed dry, and one (1) treat of the present invention, and had their teeth brushed with the canine toothpaste that was applied to the toothbrush. On Day 28, each animal received a halitosis, gingivitis, plaque, and calculus evaluation.
  • Test System Purpose-bred Beagle dogs. Forty (40) animals, 16 males and 24 females, 1 to 7 years of age were used in the study. The dogs weighed 6.81 - 10.76 kg at study start. Groups (10 dogs per group) were determined by stratifying the animals according to their plaque scores from Day 0 and randomly assigning animals with similar plaque scores to each of the study groups. Dogs were ranked by plaque scores in descending order and dogs were assigned to Groups 1 through 4, then back to Groups 1 through 4 until the last dog was allocated to Group 1 . On the second day, the same scheme was followed, however the dogs were assigned beginning with Group 2. An equal number of dogs were assigned to each of the study groups. Each animal had a unique ear tattoo and cage card for identification.
  • Dogs assigned to Group 3 were offered the control diet, a kibble, fed dry, and had their teeth brushed with the canine toothpaste applied to the toothbrush approximately two hours after removal of the control diet.
  • Dogs assigned to Group 4 were offered the control diet, a kibble, fed dry, for one hour. Two hours after removal of the control diet the dogs were offered one (1) treat according to the present invention for approximately one hour. One hour after the removal of the treat, the dogs had their teeth brushed with canine toothpaste that was applied to the toothbrush.
  • a soft bristle Oral-B® Indicator® toothbrush was used to brush the buccal surface (cheek side) of the dogs’ teeth.
  • This toothbrush was American Dental Association Accepted, and met the ADA standards for bristle length, stiffness and with round ends to the bristles and was accepted by the VOHC.
  • One toothbrush per dog (each toothbrush was labeled with the dog number) was used during the study. If a brush was damaged, it was replaced for that dog. For Group 2, the brush was wetted with tap water.
  • Upper jaw “sets” left side: All three incisors and canine; left side: premolars 1 - 3; left side: premolar 4 and molars 1 - 2; right side: all three incisors and canine; right side: premolars 1 - 3; right side: premolar 4 and molars 1 - 2.
  • Lower jaw “sets” left side: all three incisors and canine; left side: premolars 1 - 4; left side: molars 1 - 3; right side: all three incisors and canine; right side: premolars 1 - 4; right side: molars 1 - 3.
  • each set of teeth was brushed separately (for example, upper jaw left side: the three incisors and the canine were brushed together as one set of teeth; premolars 1 - 3 were brushed together as one set of teeth) if possible. Due to the spacing between some of the teeth, it may have been necessary to perform the coronally-direct fourth brush stroke per tooth rather than per set of teeth.
  • Pre-Test Phase Each animal had its teeth scaled and polished on Day -7. On Day 0, each animal had halitosis, gingivitis, and plaque evaluated. The scoring procedures were followed by another dental cleaning and polishing. After each cleaning procedure, a disclosing agent of 2% Eosin was applied to all test teeth and an oral examination was performed to ensure there was no remaining plaque or calculus buildup and a clean mouth was used for the start of the study. Dental cleanings/polishing were performed using general anesthesia.
  • Test Treat Phase On Day 28, evaluation of halitosis, gingivitis, plaque, and calculus were performed on each animal. Dental evaluations were performed under general anesthesia. Halitosis and gingivitis were evaluated first, and then plaque after a disclosing agent was applied. After plaque was scored, the teeth were brushed to remove the plaque, and calculus accumulation was then scored. The examination of teeth included the buccal surfaces and both sides of the mouth.
  • Gingivitis was scored on Days 0 and 28; evaluated by the modified gingival index based on Lobene et al. (1986).
  • the MGI scoring system was as follows:
  • Each tooth was assigned a numerical score based on the degree of inflammation. The sum of the teeth scores were divided by the number of teeth examined (18) to obtain a whole mouth mean gingivitis score for each animal.
  • Plaque Plaque was scored on Day 0 and 28. Plaque was evaluated using a modification of the Quigley and Hein (1962) (Turesky, 1970) plaque index. Plaque coverage and plaque thickness were assessed by placing a disclosing agent (2% Eosin) on the teeth and rinsing off the excess with tap water. The whole tooth was scored for the percentage of coronal surface covered with plaque and thickness of plaque. The score for each tooth was calculated by multiplying the coverage and thickness scores. The sum of the tooth scores was divided by the number of teeth examined (18) to obtain a whole mouth mean plaque score for each animal. Plaque formation was scored according to the table below:
  • a tooth received a score of the following: Pink (1 -Light) - 20%, Red (2- Medium) - 80%, and Dark Red (3-Heavy) - 0%.
  • the total thickness percentages recorded equaled 100%.
  • Calculus (Tartar). Calculus was scored quantitatively on Day 28 using modifications of a method developed by Warrick & Gorrell. Calculus was recorded after the tooth was disclosed and a plaque score was obtained. Each tooth was then brushed using a toothbrush to remove the plaque, the teeth were rinsed with water and air-dried, then calculus was scored. Each tooth was assigned a numerical score based on the percentage of calculus coverage and a thickness score (see calculus scoring method below). The score for each tooth was calculated by multiplying the coverage and thickness scores. The sum of the teeth scores was divided by the number of teeth examined (18) to obtain a whole mouth mean calculus score for each animal.
  • Results obtained for Group 2 (brushing without toothpaste), Group 3 (brushing with toothpaste), and Group 4 (brushing with toothpaste and a treat) were compared with the results obtained for Group 1 (no brushing).
  • Results for brushing with toothpaste (Group 3) and brushing with toothpaste and a treat (Group 4) were compared to brushing without toothpaste (Group 2).
  • Results for brushing with toothpaste and a treat (Group 4) were compared to brushing with toothpaste only (Group 3).
  • Significant differences between the groups were set at P ⁇ 0.05. Means, standard errors and standard deviations were also obtained for food consumption, test treat consumption, and body weights/weight changes.
  • Dogs that received a treat according to the present invention and had their teeth brushed with the canine toothpaste had a statistically significant (P ⁇ 0.01) reduction of 69.6% in the mean mouth gingivitis value when compared to the mean mouth gingivitis value of dogs not having their teeth brushed (Purina Dog Chow® only). Dogs that had their teeth brushed with the canine toothpaste had a negative reduction (increase) of -9.1 % in the mean mouth gingivitis value when compared to the mean mouth gingivitis value of dogs that had their teeth brushed with water. The change was not statistically significant.
  • Dogs that received a treat according to the present invention and had their teeth brushed with the canine toothpaste had a reduction of 22.7% in the mean mouth gingivitis value when compared to the mean mouth gingivitis value of dogs that had their teeth brushed with water. The change was not statistically significant. Dogs that received a treat according to the present invention and had their teeth brushed with the canine toothpaste had a reduction of 29.2% in the mean mouth gingivitis value when compared to the mean mouth gingivitis value of dogs that had their teeth brushed with the canine toothpaste (did not receive a treat). The change was not statistically significant. Gingivitis comparisons are presented in Table 28.
  • Dogs that received a treat according to the present invention and had theirteeth brushed with the canine toothpaste had a statistically significant (P ⁇ 0.01) reduction of 82.4% in the mean mouth calculus value when compared to the mean mouth calculus value of dogs not having their teeth brushed (Purina Dog Chow® only). Dogs that had their teeth brushed with the canine toothpaste had a reduction of 10.5% in the mean mouth calculus value when compared to the mean mouth calculus value of dogs that had their teeth brushed with water. The change was not statistically significant.
  • the mean weight change for dogs receiving the control diet was 0.03 kg (0.19%), for dogs receiving the control diet and having their teeth brushed with water was - 0.02kg (0.20%), for dogs receiving the control diet and having their teeth brushed with Canine toothpaste was -0.13kg (- 1 .26%), and for dogs receiving the control diet and having their teeth brushed with Canine toothpaste and receiving a treat according to the present invention was -0.23kg (-2.49%).
  • the mean average daily food consumption per week for the dogs receiving the control diet was 215g
  • for dogs receiving the control diet and having their teeth brushed with water was 217g
  • for dogs receiving the control diet and having their teeth brushed with Canine toothpaste was 236g
  • for dogs receiving the control diet and having their teeth brushed with Canine toothpaste and receiving a treat according to the present invention was 193g.
  • dogs that had their teeth brushed with canine toothpaste resulted in a 50.2% statistically significant (P ⁇ 0.01) reduction of the group mean mouth plaque values when compared to the group mean mouth plaque values of the dogs that had their teeth brushed with water.
  • dogs that had their teeth brushed with canine toothpaste resulted in non-significant reductions in the group mean mouth gingivitis (-9.1% [increase]), calculus (10.5%), and halitosis (34.0%) values when compared to the group mean mouth gingivitis, calculus, and halitosis values of the dogs that had their teeth brushed with water.
  • dogs that received a treat of the present invention and had their teeth brushed with canine toothpaste resulted in a surprising 61 .9% and 54.0% statistically significant (P ⁇ 0.01) reduction of the group mean mouth plaque and calculus values, respectively when compared to the group mean mouth plaque and calculus values of the dogs that had their teeth brushed with water.
  • dogs that received a treat of the present invention and had their teeth brushed with canine toothpaste resulted in non-significant reductions in the group mean mouth gingivitis (22.7%) and halitosis (44.8%) values when compared to the group mean mouth gingivitis and halitosis values of the dogs that had their teeth brushed with water.
  • dogs that received a treat of the present invention and had their teeth brushed with canine toothpaste resulted in a 23.5%, 29.2%, 48.6% and a 16.3% non-significant reduction of the group mean mouth plaque, gingivitis, calculus, and halitosis values, respectively when compared to the group mean mouth plaque, gingivitis, calculus, and halitosis values of the dogs that had their teeth brushed with canine toothpaste.

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Abstract

Le présent document décrit une composition comestible pour l'hygiène buccale d'un animal qui comprend un abrasif dentaire comprenant des particules de carbonate de calcium aragonite (CaCO3) traitées présentant plus de 95 % (p/p) de teneur en carbonate de calcium, une surface spécifique (SSA) d'environ 2,70 à environ 3,1 m2/g, les particules de carbonate de calcium aragonite traitées ayant été efficacement traitées dans une condition légèrement acide, un amidon prégélatinisé; un plastifiant; et un liant. Sont également décrits des procédés de nettoyage d'une cavité buccale d'un animal avec les compositions comestibles, ainsi que des procédés de préparation de la composition comestible de la présente invention.
PCT/CA2024/050895 2023-07-06 2024-07-04 Friandise pour animaux pour l'hygiène buccale animale Pending WO2025007211A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130108561A1 (en) * 2011-10-31 2013-05-02 T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Compositions for improving the oral health of animals, methods using the same, and pet treats incorporating the same
US20190045814A1 (en) * 2016-02-22 2019-02-14 Mars, Incorporated Pet food

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130108561A1 (en) * 2011-10-31 2013-05-02 T.F.H. Publications, Inc. Compositions for improving the oral health of animals, methods using the same, and pet treats incorporating the same
US20190045814A1 (en) * 2016-02-22 2019-02-14 Mars, Incorporated Pet food

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Title
ANONYMOUS: " PEDIGREE DENTASTIX Dental Dog Treats for Large Dogs Fresh Flavor Dental Bones, 1.94 lb. Value Pack (36 Treats) : Wine", AMAZON.COM, 8 June 2021 (2021-06-08), XP093262295, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20210806225931/https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07NJLMDNQ> *
ANONYMOUS: "Amazon.com : GREENIES Dental Chews Value Tub Treat for Dogs, 36oz Regular : Pet Snack Treats : Pet Supplies", 11 January 2014 (2014-01-11), XP093262301, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20141101033301/http:/www.amazon.com/GREENIES-Dental-Chews-Value-Regular/dp/B006W6YHHI> *
ANONYMOUS: "BLUE Bones Reg Treats for Dogs, 27 oz: Pet Snack Treats: Pet Supplies: Amazon.com", 3 March 2016 (2016-03-03), pages 1 - 7, XP093262303, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.org/web/20160303155033/http://www.amazon.com/BLUE-Bones-Reg-Treats-Dogs/dp/B00FU7VHU0> *
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