WO2025020107A1 - Affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps, système et procédé d'affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps - Google Patents

Affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps, système et procédé d'affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025020107A1
WO2025020107A1 PCT/CN2023/109224 CN2023109224W WO2025020107A1 WO 2025020107 A1 WO2025020107 A1 WO 2025020107A1 CN 2023109224 W CN2023109224 W CN 2023109224W WO 2025020107 A1 WO2025020107 A1 WO 2025020107A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
time
view
backlight
light
mode
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PCT/CN2023/109224
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张小俊
杨慧茹
袁佳跃
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Leia Electronics Suzhou Co Ltd
Leia Inc
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Leia Electronics Suzhou Co Ltd
Leia Inc
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Application filed by Leia Electronics Suzhou Co Ltd, Leia Inc filed Critical Leia Electronics Suzhou Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2023/109224 priority Critical patent/WO2025020107A1/fr
Publication of WO2025020107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025020107A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of lighting technology, and more particularly to a method of operating a time-division multiplexed display, a time-division multiplexed display, and a time-division multiplexed display system.
  • CTRs cathode ray tubes
  • PDPs plasma display panels
  • LCDs liquid crystal displays
  • ELs electroluminescent displays
  • OLEDs organic light emitting diodes
  • AMOLED active matrix OLED
  • EPDs electrophoretic displays
  • EPDs electrophoretic displays
  • Displays that are typically classified as passive when considering emitted light are LCDs and electrophoretic displays. Although passive displays typically exhibit attractive performance characteristics, including but not limited to inherent low power consumption, they may find somewhat limited uses in many practical applications due to their lack of luminous ability.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of operating a time-division multiplexing display, a time-division multiplexing display, and a time-division multiplexing display system.
  • a method of operating a time division multiplexed display comprising:
  • the multi-view backlight is activated when the multi-view image is fully refreshed on the light valve array.
  • the sum of a gate scanning time of the light valve array, a response time of the light valve array, and a lighting time of the multi-view backlight is less than or equal to a frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexing display.
  • the method includes activating the wide-angle backlight when the 2D image is fully refreshed on the light valve array, wherein the sum of the gate scanning time, the response time and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight is less than or equal to the frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexed display.
  • the method includes activating the corresponding row of the wide-angle backlight when the refresh of the 2D image is completed on each row of the light valve array, wherein the sum of the response time and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight is less than or equal to the frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexing display.
  • the method includes: reducing the proportion of the gate scanning time relative to the frame period by increasing the driving rate of the light valve array and/or reducing the frame frequency for refreshing the time division multiplexing display.
  • the method comprises locally activating the wide-angle backlight according to the 2D image.
  • a time division multiplexing display comprising:
  • a wide-angle backlight configured to provide wide-angle emitted light
  • a multi-view backlight configured to provide a plurality of directional light beams having different view directions corresponding to the multi-view images during a multi-view mode
  • a light valve array configured to modulate the wide-angle emission light during a two-dimensional (2D) mode to provide a 2D image, and to modulate the plurality of directional light beams during the multi-view mode to provide a multi-view image;
  • a mode controller configured to sequentially activate the wide-angle backlight during a first sequential time interval corresponding to the 2D mode and activate the multi-view backlight during a second sequential time interval corresponding to the multi-view mode so that the 2D image and the multi-view image are superimposed on each other to provide a composite image including both 2D content and multi-view content
  • the mode controller is further configured to activate the multi-view backlight when the multi-view image is completely refreshed on the light valve array.
  • a sum of a gate scanning time of the light valve array, a response time of the light valve array and a lighting time of the multi-view backlight is less than or equal to a frame period for refreshing the time division multiplexing display.
  • the mode controller is configured to activate the wide-angle backlight when the 2D image is completely refreshed on the light valve array, wherein the sum of the gate scanning time, the response time and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight is less than or equal to the frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexing display.
  • the mode controller is configured to activate the corresponding row of the wide-angle backlight when the refresh of the 2D image is completed on each row of the light valve array, wherein the sum of the response time and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight is less than or equal to the frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexing display.
  • the light valve array is configured to increase the driving rate of the light valve array and/or reduce the frame frequency for refreshing the time division multiplexing display to reduce the proportion of the gate scanning time relative to the frame period.
  • the wide-angle backlight is configured to be locally activated according to the 2D image.
  • a time division multiplexing display system comprising:
  • a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
  • the multi-view backlight is activated when the multi-view image is fully refreshed on the light valve array.
  • the processor when the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor:
  • the lighting time of the multi-view backlight is set so that the sum of the gate scanning time, the response time and the lighting time of the multi-view backlight is less than or equal to a frame period for refreshing the time division multiplexing display.
  • the processor when the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor:
  • the wide-angle backlight is activated when the 2D image is fully refreshed on the light valve array, wherein the sum of the gate scanning time, the response time and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight is less than or equal to a frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexed display.
  • the processor when the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor:
  • the corresponding row of the wide-angle backlight is activated, wherein the sum of the response time and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight is less than or equal to a frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexing display.
  • the processor when the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor:
  • the driving rate of the light valve array is increased and/or the frame frequency for refreshing the time division multiplexing display is decreased to reduce the proportion of the gate scanning time relative to the frame period.
  • the processor when the instructions are executed by the processor, the processor causes the processor to locally activate the wide-angle backlight according to the 2D image.
  • the gate scanning time and response time of the light valve array and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight and the multi-view backlight by adjusting the gate scanning time and response time of the light valve array and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight and the multi-view backlight, the overlap of the 2D frame and the multi-view frame is avoided, for example, multi-view content is displayed in 2D mode, and good display performance of the entire screen in the hybrid display mode is achieved.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates a perspective view of a multi-view display in an example of an embodiment consistent with principles described herein.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates a graphical representation of angular components of a light beam having a particular primary angular direction in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display, according to an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display in another example according to an embodiment consistent with principles described herein.
  • FIG. 2C illustrates a perspective view of a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a wide-angle backlight in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic diagram of a composite image perceived by a user in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating a signal timing for switching between a 2D mode and a multi-view mode of a conventional time-division multiplexing multi-mode display.
  • 4C is a schematic diagram illustrating signal timing for switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode for an example time-division multiplexed multi-mode display, according to an embodiment consistent with principles described herein.
  • 4D is a schematic diagram illustrating signal timing for switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode for an example time-division multiplexed multi-mode display, according to another embodiment consistent with principles described herein.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of a method of operating a time-division multiplexed backlight in an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram depicting an example illustration of a multi-view image display system providing multi-view display according to various embodiments.
  • Examples and embodiments according to the principles described herein provide a time-division multiplexing display, a method of operating a time-division multiplexing display, and a time-division multiplexing display system.
  • the time-division multiplexing display is configured to refresh a light valve array according to a 2D image during a two-dimensional (2D) mode, refresh the light valve array according to a multi-view image during a multi-view mode, activate a wide-angle backlight to provide a wide-angle emission light when the 2D image is fully refreshed on the light valve array, and activate a multi-view backlight to provide a directional light beam when the multi-view image is fully refreshed on the light valve array.
  • Directional emission light is configured to refresh a light valve array according to a 2D image during a two-dimensional (2D) mode, refresh the light valve array according to a multi-view image during a multi-view mode, activate a wide-angle backlight to provide a wide-angle emission light when the 2D image
  • the wide-angle emission light can support the display of 2D information (e.g., 2D images or text), while the directional beam of the directional emission light can support, for example, the display of multi-view or three-dimensional (3D) information (e.g., multi-view images).
  • the 2D mode and the multi-view mode of the time-division multiplexed backlight are time-division multiplexed or time-interleaved to provide wide-angle emission light in a first time interval and directional emission light in a second time interval, respectively.
  • a time-division multiplexed multi-view display including a time-division multiplexed backlight can provide a composite image including both 2D content and multi-view or 3D content.
  • the multi-view mode of the time-division multiplexed display can provide so-called "glasses-free" or autostereoscopic images, while the 2D mode can facilitate the presentation of 2D information or content at a relatively higher native resolution than that available in the multi-view mode, especially in the case of 2D information or content that does not include or benefit from a third dimension.
  • the composite image provided by the time-division multiplexed 2D and multi-view modes can provide high-resolution 2D and slightly lower resolution, multi-view or 3D content simultaneously in the same image or on the same display.
  • time-division multiplexed displays described herein include, but are not limited to, mobile phones (e.g., smart phones), watches, tablet computers, mobile computers (e.g., laptop computers), personal computers and computer monitors, automotive display consoles, camera displays, and various other mobile and substantially non-mobile display applications and devices.
  • a "two-dimensional (2D) display” or a 2D mode of an equivalent multi-mode display is defined as a display or mode configured to provide substantially the same image view regardless of the direction from which the image is viewed (i.e., within a predetermined viewing angle or range of the 2D display or 2D mode).
  • a liquid crystal display (LCD) found in many smart phones and computer displays is an example of a 2D display.
  • a "multi-view display” or a multi-view mode of an equivalent multi-mode display is defined as an electronic display, display system, or display mode of a multi-mode display configured to provide different views of a multi-view image in or from different viewing directions.
  • a multi-view display or a multi-view mode may also be referred to as a three-dimensional (3D) display or a 3D mode, for example, providing the perception of viewing a three-dimensional image when two different views of a multi-view image are viewed simultaneously.
  • 3D three-dimensional
  • FIG. 1A illustrates perspective views of a multi-view display 10 (or a multi-view mode of a multi-mode display) in an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • the multi-view display 10 includes a screen 12 to display a multi-view image to be viewed.
  • the multi-view display 10 provides different views 14 of the multi-view image at different view directions 16 relative to the screen 12.
  • the view directions 16 are illustrated as arrows extending from the screen 12 at various different primary angular directions; the different The views 14 of the multi-view display 10 are illustrated as shaded polygonal boxes at the ends of the arrows (i.e., depicting the view directions 16); and only four views 14 and four view directions 16 are shown, all of which are exemplary and non-limiting. Note that although the different views 14 are illustrated as being above the screen in FIG. 1A , when the multi-view image is displayed on the multi-view display 10, the views 14 actually appear on or near the screen 12. The views 14 are depicted above the screen 12 only for simplicity of illustration and are intended to represent viewing the multi-view display 10 from one of the view directions 16 corresponding to the particular view 14.
  • a view direction typically has a main angular direction given by an angular component ⁇ , ⁇ .
  • the angular component ⁇ is referred to herein as the “elevation component” or “elevation angle” of the light beam.
  • the angular component ⁇ is referred to as the "azimuth component” or “azimuth angle” of the light beam.
  • the elevation angle ⁇ is an angle in a vertical plane (e.g., perpendicular to the plane of the multi-view display screen), while the azimuth angle ⁇ is an angle in a horizontal plane (e.g., parallel to the plane of the multi-view display screen).
  • FIG. 1B illustrates a graphical representation of the angular components ⁇ , ⁇ of a light beam 20 having a particular principal angular direction or simply "direction" corresponding to a view direction of a multi-view display (e.g., view direction 16 in FIG. 1A ) in an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • the light beam 20 is emitted or emanates from a particular point.
  • the light beam 20 has a central ray associated with a particular origin within the multi-view display.
  • FIG. 1B also shows the origin O of the light beam (or view direction).
  • multi-view as used in the terms “multi-view image”, “multi-view display” and “multi-view mode” is defined as a plurality of views representing different viewing angles or a plurality of views including angular parallax between views in the plurality of views.
  • multi-view herein explicitly includes more than two different views (i.e., at least three views, and typically more than three views), as defined herein.
  • multi-view display and multi-view mode as used herein are explicitly distinguished from a stereoscopic display or stereoscopic mode that includes only two different views to represent a scene or image.
  • a multi-view image and a multi-view display may include more than two views
  • a multi-view image may be viewed as a pair of stereoscopic images (e.g., on a multi-view display) by selecting only two views of the multi-view at a time for viewing (e.g., one view for each eye), as defined herein.
  • a "multi-view pixel” is defined herein as a sub-pixel or "view” pixel in each of a plurality of different views of a multi-view display or a multi-mode display in multi-view mode. set.
  • the multi-view pixel may have individual view pixels corresponding to or representing view pixels in each of the different views of the multi-view image.
  • the view pixels of the multi-view pixel are so-called "directional pixels” because each view pixel is associated with a predetermined view direction of a corresponding view in the different views.
  • different view pixels of the multi-view pixel may have equal or at least substantially similar positions or coordinates in each of the different views.
  • a first multi-view pixel may have an individual view pixel located at ⁇ x1, y1 ⁇ in each of the different views of the multi-view image
  • a second multi-view pixel may have an individual view pixel located at ⁇ x2, y2 ⁇ in each of the different views, and so on.
  • the number of view pixels in the multi-view pixel may be equal to the number of views of the multi-view display.
  • a “lightguide” is defined as a structure that guides light within the structure using total internal reflection or "TIR".
  • a lightguide may include a core that is substantially transparent at the operating wavelength of the lightguide.
  • the term "lightguide” generally refers to a dielectric optical waveguide that uses total internal reflection to guide light at the interface between the dielectric material of the lightguide and the material or medium surrounding the lightguide.
  • the condition for total internal reflection is that the refractive index of the lightguide is greater than the refractive index of the surrounding medium adjacent to the surface of the lightguide material.
  • the lightguide may include a coating in addition to or in place of the above-mentioned refractive index difference to further promote total internal reflection.
  • the coating may be a reflective coating.
  • the lightguide may be any of a number of lightguides, including but not limited to one or both of a plate or slab lightguide and a strip lightguide.
  • a plate when applied to a lightguide as in a “plate lightguide” is defined as a layer or sheet of segmented or parallax planes, which is sometimes referred to as a "plate-like" lightguide.
  • a plate lightguide is defined as a lightguide configured to guide light in two substantially orthogonal directions defined by a top surface and a bottom surface (i.e., opposing surfaces) of the lightguide.
  • the top surface and the bottom surface are both separated from each other and may be substantially parallel to each other, at least in a parallax sense. That is, within any small segment of the plate lightguide, the top surface and the bottom surface are substantially parallel or coplanar.
  • the plate light guide may be substantially flat (i.e., confined within a plane), and thus, the plate light guide is a planar light guide.
  • the plate light guide may be curved in one or two orthogonal dimensions.
  • the plate light guide may be curved in a single dimension to form a cylindrical plate light guide.
  • any curvature has a sufficiently large radius of curvature to ensure that total internal reflection is maintained within the plate light guide to guide light.
  • a "non-zero propagation angle" of guided light is a non-zero propagation angle relative to the guiding surface of the light guide.
  • the non-zero propagation angle is greater than zero and less than the critical angle for total internal reflection within the light guide, as defined herein.
  • a particular non-zero propagation angle may be selected (e.g., arbitrarily) so long as the particular non-zero propagation angle is less than the critical angle for total internal reflection within the light guide.
  • light may be introduced or coupled into the light guide 122 at a non-zero propagation angle of the guided light.
  • the guided light or equivalently the guided "light beam” produced by coupling light into a light guide can be a collimated light beam.
  • collimated light or a “collimated light beam” is generally defined as a light beam whose rays are substantially parallel to one another within the light beam. Furthermore, light rays that diverge or scatter from a collimated light beam are not considered to be part of the collimated light beam according to the definitions herein.
  • a “multi-beam element” is a structure or element of a backlight or display that generates light comprising multiple light beams.
  • the multi-beam element can be optically coupled to a light guide of the backlight to provide multiple light beams by coupling or scattering out a portion of the light guided in the light guide.
  • the light beams in the multiple light beams generated by the multi-beam element have different main angular directions from each other.
  • one of the multiple light beams has a predetermined main angular direction that is different from another light beam in the multiple light beams. Therefore, the light beam is referred to as a "directional light beam", and as defined herein, multiple light beams may be referred to as "multiple directional light beams”.
  • multiple directional light beams can represent a light field.
  • the multiple directional light beams can be confined to a substantially conical spatial region, or have a predetermined angular spread including different main angular directions of the light beams in the multiple light beams. Therefore, the predetermined angular spread of the combined light beams (i.e., multiple light beams) can represent a light field.
  • the different principal angular directions of each of the plurality of directional beams are determined by characteristics including, but not limited to, the dimensions (e.g., length, width, area, etc.) of the multi-beam element.
  • the multi-beam element may be viewed as an "extended point light source," i.e., a plurality of point light sources distributed within the range of the multi-beam element, according to the definitions herein.
  • the directional beams generated by the multi-beam element have principal angular directions given by the angular components ⁇ , ⁇ .
  • a collimator is defined as substantially any optical device or apparatus configured to collimate light.
  • a collimator may include, but is not limited to, a collimating mirror or reflector, a collimating lens, a diffraction grating, a tapered light guide, and various combinations thereof.
  • the amount of collimation provided by the collimator may vary from one embodiment to another by a predetermined degree or amount.
  • the collimator may be configured to provide collimation in one or both of two orthogonal directions (e.g., a vertical direction and a horizontal direction). That is, according to some embodiments, the collimator may include a shape or similar collimating properties that provide light collimation in one or both of two orthogonal directions.
  • collimation factor is defined as the degree to which light is collimated.
  • the collimation factor defines the angular spread of light rays in a collimated light beam.
  • the collimation factor ⁇ may specify that a majority of the light rays in a collimated light beam are within a particular angular spread (e.g., +/- ⁇ degrees about a center or principal angular direction of the collimated light beam).
  • the light rays of the collimated light beam may have a Gaussian distribution in angle, and the angular spread may be an angle determined by half the peak intensity of the collimated light beam.
  • a "light source” is defined as a light source (e.g., an optical emitter configured to generate and emit light).
  • a light source may include an optical emitter, such as a light emitting diode (LED) that emits light when activated or turned on.
  • the light source herein may be substantially any light source or substantially include any optical emitter, including but not limited to one or more of a light emitting diode (LED), a laser, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a polymer light emitting diode, a plasma-based optical emitter, a fluorescent lamp, an incandescent lamp, and virtually any other light source.
  • the light generated by the light source may have a color (i.e., may include light of a specific wavelength), or may be a range of wavelengths (e.g., white light).
  • the light source may include a plurality of optical emitters.
  • a light source may include a collection or group of optical emitters, wherein at least one optical emitter generates light having a color or wavelength different from the color or wavelength of light generated by at least one other optical emitter in the collection or group.
  • different colors may include primary colors (e.g., red, green, blue).
  • a "polarized" light source is defined herein as substantially any light source that generates or provides light having a predetermined polarization.
  • a polarized light source may include a polarizer at the output of an optical emitter of the light source.
  • a "multi-view image” is defined as a plurality of images (i.e., more than three images), wherein each image of the plurality of images represents a different view corresponding to a different viewing direction of the multi-view image.
  • a multi-view image is a collection of images (e.g., two-dimensional images) that, when displayed on a multi-view display or during a multi-view mode of a multi-mode display, can facilitate the perception of depth and thus appear to be an image of a 3D scene to a viewer.
  • wide-angle emitted light is defined as light having a cone angle that is larger than the view of the multi-view image or multi-view display.
  • the wide-angle emitted light can have a cone angle that is greater than about twenty degrees (e.g., > ⁇ 20°).
  • the cone angle of the wide-angle emitted light can be greater than about thirty degrees (e.g., > ⁇ 30°), or greater than about forty degrees (e.g., > ⁇ 40°), or greater than fifty degrees (e.g., > ⁇ 50°).
  • the cone angle of the wide-angle emitted light can be about sixty degrees (e.g., > ⁇ 60°). For example, > ⁇ 60°).
  • the wide-angle emitted light cone angle can be defined as being approximately the same as the viewing angle of an LCD computer monitor, LCD flat panel, LCD television, or similar digital display device intended for wide-angle viewing (e.g., approximately ⁇ 40-65°).
  • the wide-angle emitted light can also be characterized or described as diffuse light, substantially diffuse light, non-directional light (i.e., lacking any particular or defined directionality), or light having a single or substantially uniform direction.
  • ICs integrated circuits
  • VLSI very large scale integrated circuits
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • GPUs graphics processor units
  • an embodiment may be implemented as software using a computer programming language (e.g., C/C++) in an operating environment or a software-based modeling environment (e.g., MathWorks, Inc. of Natick, Massachusetts). ), which is further executed by a computer (e.g., stored in a memory and executed by a processor or graphics processor of a general-purpose computer).
  • a computer e.g., stored in a memory and executed by a processor or graphics processor of a general-purpose computer.
  • the programming language may be compiled or interpreted, such as configurable or configured (which may be used interchangeably in this discussion) to be executed by a processor or graphics processor of a computer.
  • a block, module or element of an apparatus, device or system may be implemented using an actual or physical circuit (e.g., as an IC or ASIC), while another block, module or element may be implemented in software or firmware.
  • some embodiments may be implemented using a substantially hardware-based circuit method or device (e.g., IC, VLSI, ASIC, FPGA, DSP, firmware, etc.), while other embodiments may also be implemented as software or firmware using a computer processor or graphics processor to execute software, or as a combination of software or firmware and hardware-based circuits.
  • a multi-beam element means one or more multi-beam elements, and thus, “a multi-beam element” means “multiple multi-beam elements” herein.
  • the term "about” when applied to a value generally refers to within the tolerance range of the equipment used to produce the value, or may refer to plus or minus 10%, or plus or minus 5%, or plus or minus 1%, unless otherwise expressly specified.
  • the term “substantially” as used herein refers to most, or almost all, or all, or an amount in the range of about 51% to about 100%.
  • the examples herein are intended to be illustrative only and are presented for discussion purposes and not in a limiting manner.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 in an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • FIG. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 in another example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 during or according to a first or two-dimensional (2D) mode.
  • 2D two-dimensional
  • FIG. 2B illustrates a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 during or according to a second or multi-view mode.
  • FIG. 2C illustrates a perspective view of a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 in an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 during a multi-view mode is illustrated in FIG. 2C by way of example and not limitation.
  • the 2D and multi-view modes may be time-division multiplexed in a time-sequential or time-interleaved manner to provide the 2D and multi-view modes in alternating first and second time intervals (e.g., alternating between FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B ). Therefore, the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 may also be referred to as a “time-division multiplexed mode switching” display.
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 is configured to provide or emit light as emitted light 102.
  • the emitted light 102 can be used to illuminate and provide an image using the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100.
  • the emitted light 102 can be used to illuminate a light valve array (e.g., light valve 106, described below) of the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100.
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 can be configured to alternate between the display of a two-dimensional (2D) image and a multi-view image using the emitted light 102 within or during sequential time intervals.
  • the 2D image and the multi-view image can be provided as a composite image including both 2D and multi-view content or information, as further described below.
  • the emitted light 102 may have or exhibit different characteristics according to the time-division multiplexing.
  • the light emitted by the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 as emission light 102 may include directional light or substantially non-directional light.
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 in the 2D mode, is configured to provide emission light 102 as wide-angle emission light 102′, as illustrated in FIG. 2A .
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 is configured to provide emission light 102 as directional emission light 102′′.
  • the directional emission light 102" provided during the multi-view mode includes a plurality of directional light beams having main angular directions that are different from one another. Furthermore, the directional light beams of the directional emission light 102" have directions corresponding to different view directions of the multi-view image.
  • the wide-angle emission light 102' is largely non-directional and also typically has a cone angle that is greater than a multi-view image associated with the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 or a view of the multi-view display.
  • the 2D mode may be activated in a first time interval and the multi-view mode may be activated in a second time interval.
  • the first and second time intervals are interleaved with one another in a sequential manner according to time division multiplexing.
  • wide-angle emitted light 102′ is illustrated as a dashed arrow during a first time interval.
  • the dashed arrow representing the wide-angle emitted light 102′ is not meant to imply any particular directionality of the emitted light 102, but merely represents, for example, the emission and transmission of light from the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100.
  • FIGS. 2B and 2C illustrate directional beams of directional emitted light 102′′ during a second time interval as multiple diverging arrows.
  • the different main angle directions of the directional beams of directional emitted light 102′′ emitted during the multi-view mode correspond to the corresponding view directions of the multi-view mode of the multi-view image or equivalent time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100.
  • the directional beams can be or represent a light field.
  • the wide-angle emitted light 102′ and the directional beams of directional emitted light 102′′ of the emitted light 102 can be modulated (e.g., using a light valve 106, as described below) to facilitate the display of information having one or both of 2D content and multi-view or 3D image content.
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 includes a wide-angle backlight 110.
  • the illustrated wide-angle backlight 110 has a planar or substantially planar light emitting surface 110′ that is configured to provide wide-angle emitted light 102′ during a 2D mode (e.g., see FIG. 2A ).
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 can be substantially any backlight having a light emitting surface 110′ that is configured to provide light to illuminate the light valve array of the display.
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 can be a direct-emitting or direct-lit planar backlight.
  • Direct-emitting or direct-lit planar backlights include, but are not limited to, backlights that employ a planar array of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs), neon lamps, or light emitting diodes (LEDs). Panels, these planar arrays are configured to directly illuminate the planar light emitting surface 110' and provide wide angle emitted light 102'.
  • An electroluminescent panel (ELP) is another non-limiting example of a direct emitting planar backlight.
  • the wide angle backlight 110 may include a backlight that uses an indirect light source.
  • Such indirect illuminated backlights may include, but are not limited to, various forms of edge coupled or so-called "edge lit" backlights.
  • FIG3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a wide-angle backlight 110 in an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 is an edge-lit backlight and includes a light source 112 coupled to an edge of the wide-angle backlight 110.
  • the edge-coupled light source 112 is configured to generate light within the wide-angle backlight 110.
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 includes a guide structure 114 (or light guide) having a substantially rectangular cross-section with parallel opposing surfaces (i.e., a rectangular-shaped guide structure) and a plurality of extraction features 114a.
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 illustrated in FIG3 includes extraction features 114a at a surface (i.e., a top surface) of the guide structure 114 of the wide-angle backlight 110.
  • light from edge-coupled light sources 112 and guided within rectangular-shaped guide structures 114 can be redirected, scattered, or otherwise extracted from guide structures 114 by extraction features 114a to provide wide-angle emitted light 102'.
  • Wide-angle backlight 110 is activated by activating or turning on edge-coupled light sources 112 (e.g., as illustrated using cross-hatching in FIG. 2A).
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 may also include one or more additional layers or films, including but not limited to a diffuser or diffuser layer, a brightness enhancement film (BEF), and a polarization recycling film or layer.
  • the diffuser may be configured to increase the emission angle of the wide-angle emission light 102′ when compared to the emission angle provided by the extraction feature 114a alone.
  • the brightness enhancement film may be used to increase the overall brightness of the wide-angle emission light 102′.
  • a brightness enhancement film (BEF) is, for example, Vikuiti TM BEF II available from 3M Optical Systems, Inc. in St.
  • the polarization recycling layer may be configured to selectively pass a first polarization while reflecting a second polarization back to the rectangular guide structure 114.
  • the polarization recycling layer may include, for example, a reflective polarizing film or a dual brightness enhancement film (DBEF).
  • DBEF films include, but are not limited to, 3M Vikuiti TM dual brightness enhancement films available from 3M Optical Systems, Inc. in St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • APCF advanced polarization conversion film
  • APCF advanced polarization conversion film
  • APCF advanced polarization conversion film
  • FIG3 illustrates a wide-angle backlight 110 that also includes a diffuser 116 adjacent to the guide structure 114 and the planar light emitting surface 110′ of the wide-angle backlight 110.
  • a brightness enhancement film 117 is illustrated in FIG3.
  • polarization recycling layer 118 both of which are also adjacent to planar light emitting surface 110'.
  • wide-angle backlight 110 also includes a reflective layer 119 adjacent to the surface of guide structure 114 opposite to planar light emitting surface 110' (i.e., on the rear surface), for example, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • Reflective layer 119 may include any of a variety of reflective films, including but not limited to a reflective metal layer or an enhanced specular reflector (ESR) film. Examples of ESR films include but are not limited to VikuitiTM enhanced specular reflective films available from 3M Optical Systems Division, St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 also includes a multi-view backlight 120.
  • the multi-view backlight 120 includes an array of multi-beam elements 124.
  • the multi-beam elements 124 of the multi-beam element array are spaced apart from each other on the multi-view backlight 120.
  • the multi-beam elements 124 may be arranged in a one-dimensional (1D) array.
  • the multi-beam elements 124 may be arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) array.
  • each multi-beam element 124 of the multi-beam element array is configured to provide a plurality of directional beams having directions corresponding to different view directions of the multi-view image during the multi-view mode.
  • the directional beams in the plurality of directional beams include directional emission light 102" provided during the multi-view mode.
  • the multi-view backlight 120 also includes a light guide 122 that is configured to guide light as guided light 104.
  • the light guide 122 can be a plate light guide.
  • the light guide 122 is configured to guide the guided light 104 along the length of the light guide 122 according to total internal reflection.
  • the general propagation direction 103 of the guided light 104 within the light guide 122 is illustrated by the thick arrow in FIG. 2B.
  • the guided light 104 can be guided in the propagation direction 103 at a non-zero propagation angle and can include collimated light collimated according to a predetermined collimation factor s, as illustrated in FIG. 2B.
  • the light guide 122 may include a dielectric material configured as an optical waveguide.
  • the dielectric material may have a first refractive index that is greater than a second refractive index of a medium surrounding the dielectric optical waveguide.
  • the difference in refractive index is configured to promote total internal reflection of the guided light 104 according to one or more guided modes of the light guide 122.
  • the light guide 122 may be a plate or slab-like optical waveguide that includes an extended substantially planar sheet of optically transparent dielectric material.
  • the optically transparent material of the light guide 122 may include or be made of any of a variety of dielectric materials, including but not limited to various types of glass (e.g., silica glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, etc.) and substantially optically transparent plastics or polymers (e.g., For example, one or more of poly(methyl methacrylate) or "acrylic glass", polycarbonate, etc.).
  • the light guide 122 may further include a cladding layer (not shown) on at least a portion of the surface of the light guide 122 (e.g., one or both of the top surface and the bottom surface).
  • the cladding layer may be used to further promote total internal reflection.
  • the multi-beam elements 124 of the multi-beam element array can be configured to scatter a portion of the guided light 104 from within the light guide 122 and direct the scattered portion away from a first surface 122′ of the light guide 122 or, equivalently, a first surface of the multi-view backlight 120 to provide directional emitted light 102′′, as illustrated in FIG. 2B .
  • a portion of the guided light can be scattered by the multi-beam elements 124 through the first surface 122′.
  • a second surface of the multi-view backlight 120 opposite the first surface can be adjacent to a planar light emitting surface 110′ of the wide-angle backlight 110.
  • the multiple directional beams of directional emission light 102" as illustrated in FIG. 2B are or represent multiple directional beams having different principal angular directions as described above.
  • the directional beams have a different principal angular direction than other directional beams of directional emission light 102".
  • the multi-view backlight 120 may be substantially transparent (e.g., at least in 2D mode) to allow wide-angle emission light 102' from the wide-angle backlight 110 to pass or transmit through the thickness of the multi-view backlight 120, as indicated in FIG. 2A by the dashed arrows originating from the wide-angle backlight 110 and subsequently passing through the multi-view backlight 120.
  • the wide-angle emission light 102' provided by the wide-angle backlight 110 is configured to be transmitted through the multi-view backlight 120 during 2D mode, for example by virtue of the transparency of the multi-view backlight.
  • the light guide 122 and the spaced-apart plurality of multi-beam elements 124 can allow light to pass through the first surface 122′ and the second surface 122′′ through the light guide 122. Transparency can be at least partially facilitated by the relatively small size of the multi-beam elements 124 and the relatively large inter-element spacing of the multi-beam elements 124. Furthermore, in some embodiments, particularly when the multi-beam elements 124 include diffraction gratings as described below, the multi-beam elements 124 can also be substantially transparent to light propagating orthogonally to the light guide surfaces 122′, 122′′. Thus, for example, according to various embodiments, light from a wide angle backlight 110 can be transmitted in an orthogonal direction through a light guide 122 having an array of multi-beam elements of a multi-view backlight 120.
  • the multi-view backlight 120 may further include a light source 126.
  • the multi-view backlight 120 may be, for example, an edge-lit backlight.
  • the light source 126 is configured to provide light to be guided within the light guide 122.
  • the light source 126 may be located near an incident surface or end (input end) of the light guide 122.
  • the light source 126 may include substantially any light source (e.g., an optical emitter), including but not limited to: Not limited to one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) or lasers (e.g., laser diodes).
  • the light source 126 may include an optical emitter configured to produce substantially monochromatic light having a narrowband spectrum represented by a specific color.
  • the color of the monochromatic light may be a primary color of a specific color space or color model (e.g., a red-green-blue (RGB) color model).
  • the light source 126 may be a substantially broadband light source configured to provide substantially broadband or polychromatic light.
  • the light source 126 may provide white light.
  • the light source 126 may include a plurality of different optical emitters configured to provide light of different colors.
  • the different optical emitters may be configured to provide light having a non-zero propagation angle specific to different colors of the guided light corresponding to each of the different colors of light.
  • activation of the multi-view backlight 120 may include activating the light source 126, illustrated in FIG. 2B using cross-hatching.
  • the light source 126 may further include a collimator (not shown).
  • the collimator may be configured to receive substantially uncollimated light from one or more optical emitters of the light source 126.
  • the collimator is further configured to convert substantially uncollimated light into collimated light.
  • the collimator may provide collimated light having a non-zero propagation angle and collimated according to a predetermined collimation factor.
  • the collimator may be configured to provide collimated light having one or two of different color-specific non-zero propagation angles and having different color-specific collimation factors.
  • the collimator is further configured to transmit the collimated light to the light guide 122 for propagation as guided light 104, as described above.
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 also includes a mode controller 130.
  • the mode controller 130 is configured to time-division multiplex the 2D mode and the multi-view mode by sequentially activating the wide-angle backlight 110 during a first time interval and activating the multi-view backlight 120 during a second time interval.
  • the mode controller 130 can be configured to switch between the 2D mode and the multi-view mode by sequentially activating the light source 112 of the wide-angle backlight 110 to provide wide-angle emission light 102′ during the 2D mode and activating the light source 126 of the multi-view backlight 120 to provide directional emission light 102" during the multi-view mode.
  • Activation of the light source 112 during the first time interval is shown by the cross-hatching of the light source 112 in Figure 2A.
  • Activation of the light source 126 during the second time interval is shown by the cross-hatching of the light source 126 in Figure 2B.
  • the mode controller 130 may be configured to switch between or time-multiplex the 2D mode and the multi-view mode at one or more predetermined frequencies, such as at frequencies selected to effectively display images of both modes simultaneously via the light valve array 106 for display to a viewer.
  • the light valve array 106 may be an LCD operating at 120 Hz.
  • the panel may be configured to be operable to provide a 2D mode and a multi-view mode, and the mode controller 130 may switch between the 2D mode and the multi-view mode at 60 Hz (i.e., by sequentially activating each of the light sources 112 of the wide-angle backlight 110 and the light sources 126 of the multi-view backlight 120 at approximately 60 Hz) to provide time division multiplexing.
  • the LCD panel or light valve array may operate at 240 Hz, and the mode controller 130 may time division multiplex the 2D mode and the multi-view mode at 120 Hz.
  • the 2D mode and the multi-view mode may be time division multiplexed by the mode controller 130 at a maximum rate corresponding to the highest switching speed or frequency at which the light valve array can operate while still being able to provide an image to a viewer (i.e., depending on the type and technology of the display).
  • the time division multiplexing of the 2D mode and the multi-view mode provides a 2D image and a multi-view image superimposed on each other on the time division multiplexed multi-view display to provide a composite image.
  • the mode controller 130 can be implemented as one or both of hardware (e.g., an ASIC) including circuit components and a module including software or firmware, which is executed by a processor or circuit similar to various operating characteristics of the mode controller 130.
  • the multi-view backlight 120 includes an array of multi-beam elements 124.
  • the multi-beam elements 124 of the array of multi-beam elements may be located at a first surface 122′ of the light guide 122 (e.g., adjacent to the first surface of the multi-view backlight 120).
  • the multi-beam elements 124 may be located within the light guide 122.
  • the multi-beam elements 124 may be located at or on a second surface 122′′ of the light guide 122 (e.g., adjacent to the second surface of the multi-view backlight 120).
  • the size of the multi-beam elements 124 is comparable to the size of a light valve of a multi-view display configured to display a multi-view image.
  • the size of the multi-beam elements is comparable to the size of a light valve of, for example, an array of light valves including a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100.
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 further includes an array of light valves 106 (e.g., of a multi-view display).
  • any of a variety of different types of light valves may be employed as the light valves 106 of the light valve array, including but not limited to one or more of a liquid crystal light valve, an electrophoretic light valve, and a light valve based on or employing electrowetting.
  • the unique set of light valves 106 may correspond to the multi-view pixels 106' of the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100.
  • size may be defined in any of a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, length, width, or area.
  • the size of a light valve may be its length, and a comparable size of the multi-beam element 124 may also be the length of the multi-beam element 124.
  • the size may refer to an area such that the area of the multi-beam element 124 may be comparable to the area of the light valve.
  • the size of the multi-beam element 124 is comparable to the size of the light valve such that the size of the multi-beam element is between approximately twenty-five percent (25%) and approximately two hundred percent (200%) of the size of the light valve.
  • the multi-beam element size is denoted "s" and the light valve size is denoted "S" (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 2B )
  • the multi-beam element size s may be given by formula (1) as
  • the multi-beam element size is larger than about fifty percent (50%) of the light valve size, or about sixty percent (60%) of the light valve size, or about seventy percent (70%) of the light valve size, or larger than about eighty percent (80%) of the light valve size, or larger than about ninety percent (90%) of the light valve size, and the multi-beam element is smaller than about one hundred and eighty percent (180%) of the light valve size, or smaller than about one hundred and sixty percent (160%) of the light valve size, or smaller than about one hundred and forty percent (140%) of the light valve size, or smaller than about one hundred and twenty percent (120%) of the light valve size.
  • the size of the multi-beam element can be between about seventy-five percent (75%) and about one hundred and fifty (150%) of the light valve size.
  • the multi-beam element 124 can be comparable in size to the light valve, wherein the multi-beam element size is between about one hundred and twenty-five percent (125%) and about eighty-five percent (85%) of the light valve size.
  • the comparable sizes of the multi-beam element 124 and the light valve may be selected to reduce or, in some examples, minimize dark areas between views of a multi-view display while reducing or, in some examples, minimizing overlap between views of a multi-view display or equivalent of multi-view images.
  • the size (e.g., width) of the multi-beam element 124 can correspond to the size (e.g., width) of the light valves 106 in the light valve array.
  • the size of the multi-beam element can be defined as the distance (e.g., center-to-center distance) between adjacent light valves 106 in the light valve array.
  • the light valves 106 can be smaller than the center-to-center distance between the light valves 106 in the light valve array.
  • the spacing between adjacent multi-beam elements of the multi-beam element array can be commensurate with the spacing between adjacent multi-view pixels of the multi-view display.
  • the inter-emitter distance (e.g., center-to-center distance) between a pair of adjacent multi-beam elements 124 can be equal to, for example, the distance between the emitters of the light valves 106.
  • the multi-beam element size may be defined as the size of the light valves 106 themselves or as a size corresponding to the center-to-center distance between the light valves 106.
  • the relationship between the plurality of multi-beam elements 124 and the corresponding multi-view pixels 106' may be a one-to-one relationship. That is, there may be an equal number of multi-view pixels 106' and multi-beam elements 124.
  • FIGS. 2B and 2C explicitly illustrate the one-to-one relationship by way of example, where each multi-view pixel 106' includes a different set of light valves 106. In other embodiments (not shown), the number of multi-view pixels 106' and multi-beam elements 124 may be different from each other.
  • the inter-element distance (e.g., center-to-center distance) between a pair of adjacent multi-beam elements 124 in the plurality of multi-beam elements can be equal to the inter-pixel distance (e.g., center-to-center distance) between corresponding adjacent pairs of multi-view pixels 106′ represented by sets of light valves, for example.
  • the relative center-to-center distances of the pairs of multi-beam elements 124 and corresponding sets of light valves can be different, for example, the multi-beam elements 124 can have an inter-element spacing (i.e., center-to-center distance) that is greater or less than the spacing (i.e., center-to-center distance) between the sets of light valves representing the multi-view pixels 106′.
  • the shape of the multi-beam element 124 is similar to the shape of the multi-view pixel 106', or equivalently, the shape of the set (or "sub-array") of light valves 106 corresponding to the multi-view pixel 106'.
  • the multi-beam element 124 can have a square shape, and the multi-view pixel 106' (or a corresponding arrangement of a set of light valves 106) can be substantially square.
  • the multi-beam element 124 can have a rectangular shape, that is, it can have a length or longitudinal dimension that is greater than the width or lateral dimension.
  • the multi-view pixel 106' (or equivalently, the arrangement of the set of light valves 106) corresponding to the multi-beam element 124 can have a similar rectangular shape.
  • Figure 2C illustrates a perspective view of a square multi-beam element 124 and a corresponding square multi-view pixel 106' including a set of square light valves 106.
  • the multi-beam element 124 and the corresponding multi-view pixel 106' have various shapes, including but not limited to triangles, hexagons, and circles, or at least approximate these shapes.
  • each multi-beam element 124 may be configured to provide directional emission light 102" to one and only one multi-view pixel 106'.
  • directional emission light 102" having different principal angular directions corresponding to different views of the multi-view display is substantially limited to A single corresponding multi-view pixel 106' and its light valve 106, i.e., a single set of light valves 106 corresponding to the multi-beam element 124, is illustrated in FIG2B .
  • each multi-beam element 124 of the wide-angle backlight 110 provides a plurality of corresponding directional beams of directional emission beams 102", the corresponding directional beams having sets of different main angular directions corresponding to different views of the multi-view image (i.e., the set of directional beams contains beams having a direction corresponding to each of the different view directions).
  • the multi-beam element 124 of the multi-view backlight 120 may include any of a plurality of different structures configured to scatter out a portion of the guided light 104.
  • the different structures may include, but are not limited to, a diffraction grating, a micro-reflection element, a micro-refractive element, or various combinations thereof.
  • the multi-beam element 124 including a diffraction grating is configured to diffractionally couple or scatter out the guided light portion as directional emitted light 102" including a plurality of directional light beams having different principal directions.
  • the diffraction grating of the multi-beam element may include a plurality of separate sub-gratings.
  • the multi-beam element 124 including a micro-reflection element is configured to reflectively couple or scatter out the guided light portion as a plurality of directional light beams, or the multi-beam element 124 including a micro-refractive element is configured to couple or scatter out the guided light portion by or by refraction (i.e., refractively scatter out the guided light portion) as a plurality of directional light beams.
  • a method of time-division multiplexing display operation can have at least two modes, namely, a 2D mode and a multi-view mode, which are time-division multiplexed or time-interleaved.
  • the 2D mode can display a two-dimensional (2D) image
  • the multi-view mode can display a three-dimensional (3D) or multi-view image.
  • Time division multiplexing combines a 2D image with a 3D or multi-view image into a composite image having both 2D and multi-view content or information.
  • FIG4A illustrates a composite image perceived by a user in an example according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • a time-division multiplexed display displays a 2D image 410 (indicated by diagonal shading) during a 2D mode and displays a 3D or multi-view image 420 (indicated by horizontal shading) during a multi-view mode.
  • the 2D image 410 and the 3D or multi-view image 420 are superimposed on the time-division multiplexed display by time-division multiplexing the 2D mode and the multi-view mode to provide a composite image 430.
  • FIG4B illustrates a schematic diagram of the signal timing for switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode in a conventional time-division multiplexing multi-mode display.
  • the light valve array 106 is an LCD panel running at 120 Hz
  • the mode controller 130 switches between 2D mode and multi-view mode at 60 Hz to provide time division multiplexing.
  • the mode controller 130 sequentially switches the 2D mode and the multi-view mode at approximately 60 Hz.
  • Each of the light sources 112 of the wide-angle backlight 110 and the light sources 126 of the multi-view backlight 120 is activated. As illustrated in the top row of FIG.
  • the first frame, the third frame, and the fifth frame are expected to display 2D content and the second frame and the fourth frame are expected to display 3D or multi-view content, and so on.
  • the light valve e.g., liquid crystal light valve
  • the liquid crystal After receiving the gate scanning signal, the liquid crystal requires a response time to complete the corresponding conversion, that is, the liquid crystal pixel will delay showing the correct content.
  • the total time for all rows (i.e., the full screen) of the light valve array 106 to complete the gate scanning and the liquid crystal response exceeds the frame period of one frame.
  • the display driver chip outputs an LED PWM signal to switch and light up the corresponding one of the wide-angle (2D) backlight 110 and the multi-view (3D) backlight 120.
  • the LED PWM signal and the duration of the backlight lighting (also referred to as the display time t display ) need to meet the minimum brightness requirement of the display. Therefore, within a limited frame period, only a portion of the entire display area can be updated, causing partial content of the previous frame to overlap with partial content updated in the current frame (as illustrated in the bottom row of FIG. 4B ), thereby affecting mixing performance.
  • FIG4C illustrates a schematic diagram of the signal timing of switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode of an exemplary time-division multiplexing multi-mode display according to an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • the gate scanning time ⁇ T raster diagram of the light valve array 106, the liquid crystal response time ⁇ T LC of the light valve array 106, the lighting time of the backlight unit (also referred to as the pulse time of the backlight) ⁇ T BLU and the frame period ⁇ T of one frame meet the following formula (2): ⁇ T ⁇ T raster image + ⁇ T LC + ⁇ T BLU (2).
  • formula (2) is applicable to both 2D frames and 3D frames, i.e., the lighting time ⁇ T BLU may correspond to the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight 110 and the lighting time of the multi-view backlight 120.
  • the refresh frequency of the light valve array (and therefore the LCD panel) may be maintained at 120 Hz, and the mode controller 130 may switch between the 2D mode and the multi-view mode at 60 Hz.
  • the refresh frequency of the light valve array 106 may remain unchanged while increasing the driving rate of the light valve array 106 to reduce the proportion of the gate scanning time ⁇ T raster image relative to the frame period ⁇ T so as to satisfy formula (2).
  • the gate scanning time in the conventional scheme varies proportionally with the refresh frequency of the light valve array 106, and therefore it can be assumed that the refresh frequency corresponding to the gate scanning time is equivalent to the driving frequency of the light valve array 106.
  • the refresh frequency of the light valve array 106 can remain unchanged, and the driving frequency of the light valve array 106 can be set to 2 times or N times (N>2) the refresh frequency, so that the gate scanning time ⁇ T raster is reduced to the driving frequency.
  • the frequency is equal to the refresh frequency, which is half or one-Nth of the case where the refresh frequency is equal to the refresh frequency, so as to satisfy formula (2).
  • the refresh frequency of the light valve array 106 can be maintained at 120 Hz, and the driving frequency of the light valve array 106 can be set to 240 Hz, so that the gate scanning time is reduced by half compared with the case of the driving frequency of 120 Hz.
  • the driving frequency of the light valve array 106 is increased to 240 Hz, the light valve array 106 is also refreshed at a rate of 240 Hz, so that the frame period and the gate scanning time are reduced by half, so such a frequency change cannot overcome the problem that the corresponding frame content cannot be correctly displayed in full screen in each frame.
  • the solution in which the refresh frequency of the light valve array 106 is maintained at 120 Hz and the driving frequency is set to 240 Hz keeps the frame period unchanged while reducing the gate scanning time by half to facilitate satisfying formula (2).
  • the refresh frequency of the light valve array 106 can be maintained at 120 Hz, and the driving frequency can be set to 480 Hz.
  • 4C illustrates, in a non-limiting manner, an embodiment in which the light valve array 106 is refreshed at 120 Hz and the mode controller 130 switches between the 2D mode and the multi-view mode at 60 Hz
  • the light valve array 106 may have other refresh frequencies, and the mode controller 130 may switch between the 2D mode and the multi-view mode at half the refresh frequency.
  • the light valve array 106 may operate at 180 Hz, and the mode controller 130 may switch between the 2D mode and the multi-view mode at 90 Hz.
  • the driving rate of the light valve array 106 can be kept constant (i.e., the gate scanning time ⁇ T raster pattern remains unchanged), while the refresh frequency of the light valve array 106 is reduced so that the frame period ⁇ T is extended to satisfy formula (2). It should be noted that, as described above, the refresh frequency of the light valve array 106 needs to at least exceed the visual persistence of a viewer using the display so that each of the 2D image and the multi-view image appears to be constantly present to the user and there is no perceptible flicker in the composite image.
  • a switching rate of at least about 60 Hz i.e., a refresh frequency of about 120 Hz
  • this visual persistence target i.e., about 1 millisecond or less in each mode.
  • the liquid crystal response time ⁇ T LC can be shortened by using a fast switching LCD overdrive technology to satisfy formula (2).
  • an LCD with a smaller cell gap can be selected to shorten the liquid crystal response time ⁇ T LC to satisfy formula (2).
  • the light sources of the wide-angle backlight 110 and the multi-view backlight 120 with higher peak currents can be selected so that the duty cycle of the PWM signal of the light source is lower, thereby reducing the minimum lighting time required for the wide-angle backlight 110 and the multi-view backlight 120.
  • the brightness enhancement film and/or dual brightness enhancement film as described above can be provided to reduce the brightness enhancement time of the wide-angle backlight 110 and the multi-view backlight 120. 120 to reduce the minimum brightness requirement of the display, thereby reducing the minimum lighting time required for the wide-angle backlight 110 and the multi-view backlight 120.
  • the gate scanning time ⁇ T RASTER PICTURE , the liquid crystal response time ⁇ T LC , and the minimum lighting time required for the wide-angle backlight 110 and the multi-view backlight 120 are adjusted so that their sum is less than or equal to one frame period ⁇ T, thereby correctly displaying the corresponding content in full screen in each frame (i.e., the wide-angle backlight 110 is activated when the 2D image is completely refreshed on the light valve array 106 and the multi-view backlight 120 is activated when the multi-view image is completely refreshed on the light valve array 106), and the lighting time ⁇ T BLU of the wide-angle backlight 110 and the multi-view backlight 120 is greater than the minimum lighting time required therefor.
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 and the multi-view backlight 120 may be strobe backlights; in other words, the backlight is turned on and off as a whole, and during the backlight on period, the entire area of the backlight is simultaneously turned on to emit light to the entire light valve array 106.
  • the power consumption P BL of all backlights in one cycle of displaying the composite image 430 (i.e., a frame period of displaying a 2D image plus a frame period of displaying a multi-view image), in order to maintain the required brightness, the power consumption P BL of all backlights is the power P 2D of turning on the entire wide-angle backlight 110 plus the power P 3D of turning on the entire multi-view backlight 120.
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 may be a scanning backlight, also known as a scrolling backlight, which may selectively illuminate a portion of the backlight as needed.
  • the light source of the scanning backlight may be a Mini LED, so that the LEDs may be illuminated one by one to achieve selective lighting of the backlight.
  • FIG. 4D illustrates a schematic diagram of the signal timing of switching between 2D mode and multi-view mode for an example time-division multiplexing multi-mode display according to another embodiment consistent with the principles described herein. In the example of FIG.
  • the light valve array 106 is an LCD panel running at 120 Hz, and the mode controller 130 switches between 2D mode and multi-view mode at 60 Hz to provide time-division multiplexing.
  • the mode controller 130 sequentially activates each of the light sources 112 of the wide-angle backlight 110 and the light sources 126 of the multi-view backlight 120 at approximately 60 Hz.
  • the first and third frames are expected to display 2D content (indicated by the upper diagonal line) and the second and fourth frames are expected to display 3D or multi-view content (indicated by the lower diagonal line), and so on.
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 is a scanning backlight, wherein when a row of the light valve array 106 receives a gate scanning signal and the liquid crystal material of the row completes the conversion, the corresponding row of the wide-angle backlight 110 is synchronously lit to display the 2D content of the corresponding row.
  • a row of the wide-angle backlight 110 can remain lit until the light valve array 106 receives a gate scanning signal for the corresponding row in the next 3D frame. As illustrated in FIG.
  • the response time ⁇ T LC of the light valve array 106, the lighting time ⁇ T 2D_BLU of the wide-angle backlight 110, and the frame period ⁇ T 2D_BLU of one frame are equal to or greater than ⁇ T LC of the wide-angle backlight 110.
  • the following formula (3) is met: ⁇ T ⁇ T LC + ⁇ T 2D_BLU (3).
  • the maximum lighting time ⁇ T 2D_BLU_MAX of the wide-angle backlight 110 is ⁇ T- ⁇ T LC .
  • the lighting timing of the multi-view backlight 120 is the same as the example described with respect to FIG. 4C , and the multi-view backlight 120 is activated when the multi-view image is completely refreshed on the light valve array 106 , wherein the lighting time ⁇ T BLU of the multi-view backlight 120 still satisfies the above formula (2). That is, the maximum lighting time ⁇ T 3D_BLU_MAX of the multi-view backlight 120 is ⁇ T- ⁇ T Raster Image - ⁇ T LC .
  • the maximum lighting time of the wide-angle backlight 110 is greater than the maximum lighting time of the multi-view backlight 120, and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight 110 can be adjusted according to the required performance.
  • the wide-angle backlight 110 can illuminate the corresponding area of the wide-angle backlight 110 according to which areas of the light valve array need to display content during the 2D mode. As shown in FIG4D , the area illuminated by the wide-angle backlight 110 corresponds to the outline of the 2D content, rather than the entire backlight area.
  • f2D represents the fraction of the partial area that needs to be illuminated during the 2D mode to the entire area of the wide-angle backlight 110.
  • power consumption can be effectively reduced.
  • Mini LED is used as an example to illustrate the example of FIG4D
  • the content described in FIG4D is also applicable to Micro LED and other light sources that can implement the principle described in FIG4D.
  • FIG5 shows a flow chart of a method 500 of operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display in an example of an embodiment consistent with the principles described herein.
  • the method 500 of operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display includes refreshing a light valve array 510 of the time-division multiplexed display according to a 2D image during a 2D mode.
  • the 2D mode and the light valve array may be substantially similar to a corresponding one of the 2D modes and light valve arrays described above with respect to the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display (e.g., in FIGS. 2A-2C).
  • the method 500 of operating a time-multiplexed multi-mode display also includes refreshing the light valve array 520 according to the multi-view image during the multi-view mode.
  • the multi-view mode may be substantially similar to the multi-view mode of the time-multiplexed multi-mode display 100 described above with reference to FIGS.
  • the method 500 of operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display shown in FIG. 5 also includes sequentially
  • the wide-angle backlight is activated during first sequential time intervals corresponding to the 2D mode and the multi-view backlight is activated during second sequential time intervals corresponding to the multi-view mode so that the 2D image and the multi-view image are superimposed on each other to provide a composite image 530 including both 2D content and multi-view content.
  • the method 500 of operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display shown in FIG5 also includes activating a multi-view backlight when the multi-view image is fully refreshed on the light valve array.
  • the multi-view backlight can be substantially similar to the multi-view backlight 120 described above.
  • the multi-view backlight can be positioned near the emitting surface of the wide-angle backlight and be transparent to the wide-angle emitted light during the 2D mode.
  • fully refreshing the multi-view image on the light valve array can substantially correspond to completing the gate scanning and liquid crystal response of all pixel rows during the 3D frame as described with reference to FIGS. 4C and 4D.
  • the time-division multiplexing multi-mode display may set the sum of the gate scanning time of the light valve array, the response time of the light valve array, and the lighting time of the multi-view backlight to be less than or equal to the frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexing display.
  • the gate scanning time and the response time of the light valve array and the lighting time of the multi-view backlight may be substantially similar to the gate scanning time ⁇ T Raster of the light valve array and the liquid crystal response time ⁇ T LC and the lighting time of the multi-view backlight 120 described with reference to FIGS. 4C and 4D , respectively.
  • the frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexing display may be substantially similar to the frame period of each of the 2D frame and the 3D frame described with reference to FIGS. 4B and 4C .
  • the method 500 of operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display shown in FIG. 5 further includes activating a wide-angle backlight when a 2D image is fully refreshed on the light valve array, wherein the sum of the gate scanning time and the response time of the light valve array and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight is less than or equal to the frame period for refreshing the time-division multiplexed display.
  • the wide-angle backlight may be substantially similar to the wide-angle backlight 110 of the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display 100 described above.
  • fully refreshing the 2D image on the light valve array may substantially correspond to completing the gate scanning and liquid crystal response of all pixel rows during the 2D frame as described with reference to FIG. 4C.
  • the gate scanning time and the response time of the light valve array and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight may be substantially similar to the gate scanning time ⁇ T raster image of the light valve array and the liquid crystal response time ⁇ T LC and the lighting pulse time of the wide-angle backlight 110 described with reference to FIG. 4C.
  • the method 500 of operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display shown in FIG. 5 further includes activating a corresponding row of the wide-angle backlight when a refresh of the 2D image is completed on each row of the light valve array, wherein the sum of the response time and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight is less than or equal to the time for refreshing the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display.
  • the wide-angle backlight may be substantially similar to the wide-angle backlight 110 of the time-multiplexed multi-mode display 100 described above.
  • the response time of the light valve array and the lighting time of the wide-angle backlight may be substantially similar to the corresponding one of the liquid crystal response time ⁇ T LC of the light valve array and the lighting time ⁇ T 2D_BLU of the wide-angle backlight 110 described with reference to FIG. 4D .
  • the method 500 of operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display further comprises reducing the proportion of gate scan time relative to the frame period by increasing the drive rate of the light valve array and/or reducing the frame frequency used to refresh the time-division multiplexed display.
  • the method 500 of operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display further comprises reducing the proportion of gate scan time relative to the frame period by adjusting the drive frequency of the light valve array to two or more times the frame frequency used to refresh the time-division multiplexed display.
  • the drive frequency of the light valve array can be substantially similar to the drive frequency of the light valve array described with reference to FIG. 4C.
  • the frame frequency used to refresh the time-division multiplexed display and the refresh frequency of the light valve array described with reference to FIG. 4C can be substantially similar.
  • method 500 of operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display further comprises locally activating wide angle backlight 110 according to the 2D image.
  • wide angle backlight 110 may be substantially similar to a scanning backlight or a scrolling backlight as described above with reference to FIG. 4D.
  • the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display operates by providing wide-angle emission light using a wide-angle backlight during a 2D mode.
  • the multi-view display can be configured to provide directional emission light using a multi-view backlight having an array of multi-beam elements during a multi-view mode, the directional emission light including a plurality of directional beams provided by each multi-beam element of the array of multi-beam elements.
  • the multi-view display system can be configured to time-division multiplex the 2D mode and the multi-view mode using a mode controller to sequentially activate the wide-angle backlight during a first sequential time interval corresponding to the 2D mode and activate the multi-view backlight during a second sequential time interval corresponding to the multi-view mode.
  • the directional beam directions of the directional beams can correspond to different view directions of the rendered view image set.
  • the multi-view mode may use a multi-view backlight instead of a wide-angle backlight.
  • the multi-view backlight may have an array of multi-beam elements that scatter light into a plurality of directional beams having different principal directions from one another. For example, if the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display operates in the multi-view mode to display a multi-view image having four views, the multi-view backlight may scatter light into four directional beams, each directional beam corresponding to a different view.
  • the mode controller may sequentially switch between the 2D mode and the multi-view mode to display the multi-view image using the multi-view backlight in a first sequential time interval, And displaying the 2D image using the wide-angle backlight during the second sequential time interval.
  • the multi-view display system is configured to guide light in the light guide as guided light.
  • the guided light within the light guide is collimated according to a predetermined collimation factor.
  • the multi-view display system is configured to scatter a portion of the guided light as directional emitted light using a multi-beam element of an array of multi-beam elements, each multi-beam element of the array of multi-beam elements comprising one or more of a diffraction grating, a micro-refractive element, and a micro-reflective element.
  • the diffraction grating of the multi-beam element may comprise a plurality of individual sub-gratings.
  • the micro-reflective element is configured to reflectively couple or scatter out the guided light portion as a plurality of directional light beams.
  • the micro-reflective element may have a reflective coating to control the manner in which the guided light is scattered.
  • the multi-beam element comprises a micro-refractive element configured to refract the guided light portion (i.e., refractively scatter out the guided light portion) as a plurality of directional light beams.
  • operating a time-division multiplexed multi-mode display provides wide-angle emission light using a wide-angle backlight during a 2D mode and provides directional emission light using a multi-view backlight having an array of multi-beam elements during a multi-view mode, the directional emission light including a plurality of directional beams provided by each multi-beam element of the array of multi-beam elements.
  • Operating the time-division multiplexed multi-mode display includes time-division multiplexing the 2D mode and the multi-view mode using a mode controller so as to sequentially activate the wide-angle backlight during a first sequential time interval corresponding to the 2D mode and activate the multi-view backlight during a second sequential time interval corresponding to the multi-view mode, wherein directional beam directions of the directional beams correspond to different view directions of the multi-view images.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram depicting an exemplary illustration of a multi-view image display system 1000 (e.g., a computing device that displays a multi-view image) that provides a multi-mode display according to various embodiments.
  • the multi-view image display system may include a time-multiplexed multi-mode display 100.
  • the multi-view image display system 1000 may be used to implement a variety of methods, such as, for example, a method of operating a time-multiplexed multi-mode display.
  • the multi-view image display system 1000 may be a processor- and memory-based system, wherein the memory stores a plurality of instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform a variety of operations.
  • These operations may cause the processor to refresh the light valve array according to the 2D image during the 2D mode, and to refresh the light valve array according to the multi-view image during the multi-view mode.
  • the processor may activate a wide-angle backlight to display a 2D image when a 2D image is fully refreshed on the light valve array, and activate a multi-view backlight to display a multi-view image when a multi-view image is fully refreshed on the light valve array.
  • the processor may transmit the 2D image and the multi-view image to the time-multiplexed display, the time-multiplexed display being configured to display the multi-view image in a multi-view display mode and in a 2D display mode. Wherein a flat image is rendered to display the composite image.
  • the multi-view image display system 1000 may include a system of components that perform various computing operations for users of the multi-view image display system 1000.
  • the multi-view image display system 1000 may be a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a smart phone, a touch screen system, an intelligent display system, or other client devices.
  • the multi-view image display system 1000 may include various components, such as, for example, a processor 1003, a memory 1006, an input/output (I/O) component 1009, a display 1012, and potential other components. These components may be coupled to a bus 1015 used as a local interface to allow the components of the multi-view image display system 1000 to communicate with each other.
  • a bus 1015 used as a local interface to allow the components of the multi-view image display system 1000 to communicate with each other.
  • the components of the multi-view image display system 1000 are shown as being included in the multi-view image display system 1000, it should be understood that at least some of the components may be coupled to the multi-view image display system 1000 via an external connection.
  • the components may be inserted or otherwise connected to the multi-view image display system 1000 from the outside via an external port, a socket, a plug, or a connector.
  • Processor 1003 can be a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) or any other integrated circuit that performs a computing process operation.
  • Processor 1003 may include one or more processing cores.
  • Processor 1003 includes a circuit that executes instructions. Instructions include, for example, computer code, programs, logic, or other machine-readable instructions received and executed by processor 1003 to perform the computing function contained in the instructions.
  • Processor 1003 can execute instructions to operate data. For example, processor 1003 can receive input data (e.g., an image), process the input data according to an instruction set, and generate output data (e.g., a processed image). As another example, processor 1003 can receive instructions and generate new instructions for subsequent execution.
  • Memory 1006 may include one or more memory components. Memory 1006 is defined herein as including any one or both of volatile and non-volatile memory. Volatile memory components are those components that do not retain information when power is lost. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), or other volatile memory structures. System memory (e.g., main memory, cache, etc.) may be implemented using volatile memory. System memory refers to fast memory that can temporarily store data or instructions for fast read and write access to assist processor 1003.
  • RAM random access memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • MRAM magnetic random access memory
  • System memory e.g., main memory, cache, etc.
  • System memory refers to fast memory that can temporarily store data or instructions for fast read and write access to assist processor 1003.
  • Non-volatile memory components are those that retain information after a power source is lost.
  • Non-volatile memory includes read-only memory (ROM), hard disk drives, solid-state drives, USB flash drives, memory cards accessed through a memory card reader, floppy disks accessed through an associated floppy disk drive, optical disks accessed through an optical drive, and magnetic tapes accessed through an appropriate magnetic tape drive.
  • ROM may include For example, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or other similar memory devices.
  • Storage memory can be implemented using non-volatile memory to provide long-term retention of data and instructions.
  • the memory 1006 may refer to a combination of volatile and non-volatile memories for storing instructions and data.
  • data and instructions may be stored in non-volatile memory and loaded into volatile memory for processing by the processor 1003.
  • the execution of instructions may include, for example, a compiler that translates into a machine code in a format that can be loaded from non-volatile memory into volatile memory and then run by the processor 1003, source code that is converted into an appropriate format (such as an object code that can be loaded into volatile memory for execution by the processor 1003, or source code that is interpreted by another executable program to generate instructions in volatile memory and executed by the processor 1003, etc.).
  • Instructions may be stored or loaded into any part or component of the memory 1006 (including, for example, RAM, ROM, system memory, storage, or any combination thereof).
  • the memory 1006 is shown as being separate from other components of the multi-view image display system 1000, it should be understood that the memory 1006 may be at least partially embedded or otherwise integrated into one or more components.
  • the processor 1003 may include onboard memory registers or caches to perform processing operations.
  • the I/O component 1009 includes, for example, a touch screen, a speaker, a microphone, a button, a switch, a dial, a camera, a sensor, an accelerometer, or other components that receive user input or generate output directed to the user.
  • the I/O component 1009 can receive user input and convert it into data for storage in the memory 1006 or processing by the processor 1003.
  • the I/O component 1009 can receive data output by the memory 1006 or the processor 1003 and convert them into a format perceivable by the user (e.g., sound, tactile response, visual information, etc.).
  • Display 1012 can be a multi-mode display, such as, for example, multi-mode display 100 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
  • a capacitive touch screen layer used as I/O component 1009 can be layered within the display to allow a user to provide input while simultaneously perceiving visual output.
  • Processor(s) 1003 can generate data formatted for an image for presentation on display 1012.
  • Processor 1003 can execute instructions to render an image on the display for perception by a user.
  • the bus 1015 facilitates the communication of instructions and data between the processor 1003, the memory 1006, the I/O components 1009, the display 1012, and any other components of the multi-view image display system 1000.
  • the bus 1015 may include an address translator, an address decoder, a switching fabric, conductive traces, conductors, and the like. Wires, ports, plugs, sockets and other connectors to allow communication of data and instructions.
  • the instructions in the memory 1006 may be embodied in various forms in a manner that implements at least a portion of a software stack.
  • the instructions may be embodied as an operating system 1031, an application 1034, a device driver (e.g., a display driver 1037), firmware (e.g., display firmware 1040), or other software components.
  • the operating system 1031 is a software platform that supports basic functions of the multi-view image display system 1000, such as scheduling tasks, controlling I/O components 1009, providing access to hardware resources, managing power, and supporting application programs 1034.
  • the application 1034 is executed on the operating system 1031 and can obtain access to the hardware resources of the multi-view image display system 1000 through the operating system 1031. In this regard, the execution of the application 1034 is at least partially controlled by the operating system 1031.
  • the application 1034 can be a user-level software program that provides advanced functions, services and other functions to the user. In some embodiments, the application 1034 can be a dedicated "application" that the user can download or access in other ways on the multi-view image display system 1000.
  • the user can start the application 1034 through the user interface provided by the operating system 1031.
  • the application 1034 can be developed by a developer and defined in various source code formats.
  • the application 1034 can be developed using a variety of programming or scripting languages, such as C, C++, C#, Objective C, Swift, Perl, PHP, Visual Ruby, Go or other programming languages.
  • the application 1034 can be compiled into object code by a compiler or interpreted by an interpreter for execution by the processor 1003.
  • Device drivers include instructions that allow operating system 1031 to communicate with various I/O components 1009. Each I/O component 1009 can have its own device driver. Device drivers can be installed so that they are stored in a memory and loaded into system memory. For example, when installed, display driver 1037 translates high-level display instructions received from operating system 1031 into low-level instructions executed by display 1012 to display images. Display driver 1037 can process instructions to select 2D mode, multi-view mode, both modes or neither mode is selected.
  • the application 1034 that generates, creates or otherwise manages images for display can execute function calls or transmit instructions to device driver 1037 so that images are rendered and displayed to the user.
  • Firmware such as, for example, display firmware 1040
  • the display firmware 1040 may convert electrical signals for a particular component into higher-level instructions or data.
  • the display firmware 1040 may control how the display 1012 activates individual pixels at a low level by adjusting voltage or current signals.
  • the firmware may be stored in non-volatile memory and executed directly from the non-volatile memory.
  • the display firmware 1040 may be stored in non-volatile memory and executed directly from the non-volatile memory.
  • the display firmware 1040 may be embodied in a ROM chip coupled to the display 1012 such that the ROM chip is separate from other storage and system memory of the multi-view image display system 1000.
  • the display 1012 may include processing circuitry for executing the display firmware 1040.
  • the operating system 1031, the application 1034, the driver (e.g., the display driver 1037), the firmware (e.g., the display firmware 1040), and potentially other instruction sets may each include instructions executable by the processor 1003 or other processing circuits of the multi-view image display system 1000 to perform the above-described functions and operations.
  • the instructions described herein may be embodied in software or code executed by the processor 1003 as described above, the instructions may alternatively be embodied in dedicated hardware or a combination of software and dedicated hardware.
  • the functions and operations performed by the above-described instructions may be implemented as circuits or state machines using any one or a combination of a variety of technologies.
  • ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • instructions for performing the functions and operations described above may be embodied in a non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may or may not be part of the multi-view image display system 1000.
  • the instructions may include, for example, statements, codes, or declarations that may be obtained from a computer-readable medium and executed by a processing circuit (e.g., processor 1003).
  • a "computer-readable medium" may be any medium that can contain, store, or retain the instructions described herein for use by an instruction execution system or in conjunction with an instruction execution system (such as, for example, the multi-view image display system 1000).
  • Non-transitory computer-readable media may include any of a number of physical media, such as, for example, magnetic, optical, or semiconductor media. More specific examples of suitable computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape, magnetic floppy disk, magnetic hard disk, memory card, solid-state drive, USB flash drive, or optical disk.
  • the computer-readable medium may be a random access memory (RAM), including, for example, a static random access memory (SRAM) and a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), or a magnetic random access memory (MRAM).
  • RAM random access memory
  • SRAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • MRAM magnetic random access memory
  • the computer-readable medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or other types of memory devices.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • PROM programmable read-only memory
  • EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • the multi-view image display system 1000 may perform any of the operations or implement the functions described above. For example, the flowcharts and process flows described above may be performed by the multi-view image display system 1000 that executes instructions and processes data. Although the multi-view image display system 1000 is shown as a single device, embodiments are not limited to the multi-view image display system 1000. Without limitation thereto. In some embodiments, the multi-view image display system 1000 may offload processing of instructions in a distributed manner, such that multiple computing devices operate together to execute instructions that may be stored, loaded, or executed in a distributed arrangement. For example, at least some instructions or data may be stored, loaded, or executed in a cloud-based system operating in conjunction with the multi-view image display system 1000. In some embodiments, the instructions implementing the above functions may be included in an application 1034 executed on an operating system 1031, or may be included as part of the functionality of the operating system.
  • time-multiplexed multi-mode displays and methods of providing time-multiplexed multi-mode display operations that are configured to operate in a time-multiplexed or time-interleaved manner have been described.
  • operations and functions related to backlighting of multi-view images displayed by a multi-mode display have been described.
  • an embodiment relates to processing a multi-view image so that it is displayed in two modes (e.g., 2D mode and multi-view mode) of a time-multiplexed multi-mode display, thereby producing a synthetic multi-view image.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps, consistant : pendant un mode bidimensionnel (2D), en fonction d'une image 2D, à rafraîchir un réseau de modulateurs de lumière (106) d'un affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps ; pendant un mode à vues multiples, à rafraîchir le réseau de modulateurs de lumière (106) en fonction d'une image à vues multiples ; et à activer séquentiellement un rétroéclairage grand angle (110) pendant un premier intervalle de temps correspondant au mode 2D et à activer un rétroéclairage multivue (120) pendant un second intervalle de temps séquentiel correspondant au mode multi-vue, de façon à permettre à l'image 2D et à l'image multivue de se chevaucher afin de fournir une image composite comprenant à la fois un contenu 2D et un contenu multivue, le rétroéclairage multivue (120) étant activé lorsque l'image multivue est complètement rafraîchie sur le réseau de modulateurs de lumière (106). L'invention concerne en outre un affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps et un système d'affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps.
PCT/CN2023/109224 2023-07-26 2023-07-26 Affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps, système et procédé d'affichage multiplexé par répartition dans le temps Pending WO2025020107A1 (fr)

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