WO2025029480A2 - Compositions et procédés de réduction de la dérive associée à des produits agricoles administrés par des pulvérisateurs centrifuges - Google Patents

Compositions et procédés de réduction de la dérive associée à des produits agricoles administrés par des pulvérisateurs centrifuges Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025029480A2
WO2025029480A2 PCT/US2024/038276 US2024038276W WO2025029480A2 WO 2025029480 A2 WO2025029480 A2 WO 2025029480A2 US 2024038276 W US2024038276 W US 2024038276W WO 2025029480 A2 WO2025029480 A2 WO 2025029480A2
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Prior art keywords
polyacrylamide
composition
pesticide
microemulsion
herbicides
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English (en)
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WO2025029480A3 (fr
Inventor
Franklin E. Sexton
Glen OBEAR
Lia MARCHI WERLE
Nongnuch SUTIVISEDSAK
Ryan Strash
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Exacto Inc
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Exacto Inc
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Priority to AU2024315398A priority Critical patent/AU2024315398A1/en
Publication of WO2025029480A2 publication Critical patent/WO2025029480A2/fr
Publication of WO2025029480A3 publication Critical patent/WO2025029480A3/fr
Priority to MX2026000853A priority patent/MX2026000853A/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds

Definitions

  • compositions and methods for reducing drift associated with agricultural products delivered by rotary atomizers are compositions and methods for reducing drift associated with agricultural products delivered by rotary atomizers.
  • formulations for delivery of pesticides including herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and the like using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-mounted rotary atomizers.
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • the agriculture industry has sprayed compositions onto agriculture for decades if not centuries to apply useful chemicals and compositions to agricultural crops.
  • pesticides including herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and other like functional components
  • fertilizers are also sprayed onto agricultural crops and/or soils to supplement or replenish nutrients to crops and soils.
  • spray compositions are utilized to aid in Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) and Integrated Pest management (IPM) applications for reduction of disease and pest vectors, in rights-of-way applications, in forestry applications, and in other like applications.
  • compositions have far-reaching applications beyond merely spraying on agricultural crops.
  • Droplet sizes of sprayed compositions are important to ensure that intended targets, such as agricultural crops and/or soils, are adequately treated.
  • sprays strike a balance between having droplet sizes that are small and light enough to be sprayed maximal distances, but heavy enough so that the droplets do not get carried away by wind or otherwise drift outside the intended application area.
  • a need therefore exists for compositions that may be effectively sprayed onto intended target areas. Specifically, a need exists for compositions that form droplet sizes that are appropriately sized to maximize coverage of an intended target area.
  • Drift may cause compositions to be applied to unintended areas, such as environmentally sensitive areas, and may become pollutants leading to unintended effects on non-target organisms.
  • pesticides such as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides may pose a hazard to unintended areas, and may disrupt ecosystems.
  • fertilizers may pose a risk if applied to unintended areas, also becoming pollutants.
  • Drift of compositions to unintended areas or untargeted areas increases the cost of application as more composition must be used to cover intended areas than would otherwise be required. A need exists for compositions that may be easily controlled to spray onto intended areas while minimally affecting environmentally sensitive areas.
  • compositions comprising at least one of a pesticide and a crop protection enhancing adjuvant, and a polyacrylamide.
  • the composition is formulated such that it produces particles when released from a rotary atomizer.
  • the particles produced have an average diameter that is larger than the average diameter of particles produced by a composition lacking the polyacrylamide, and/or a driftable fraction of said particles is less than a driftable fraction of particles produced by a composition lacking the polyacrylamide.
  • the particles produced have an average diameter that is larger than the average diameter of particles produced by a composition lacking the polyacrylamide (e.g.
  • the polyacrylamide comprises a polyacrylamide microemulsion.
  • the polyacrylamide microemulsion is an inverse microemulsion.
  • the polyacrylamide microemulsion is a transparent/semitransparent inverse microlattice polyacrylamide.
  • the polyacrylamide microemulsion comprises polyacrylamide having less than 30 mole percent anionic charge.
  • the polyacrylamide microemulsion comprises polyacrylamide having 0-22 mole percent anionic charge. In some embodiments the polyacrylamide microemulsion comprises polyacrylamide having 3-18 mole percent anionic charge. In some embodiments, the polyacrylamide microemulsion comprises polyacrylamide having 7-15 mole percent anionic charge. In some embodiments, the polyacrylamide microemulsion comprises polyacrylamide having 15-22 mole percent anionic charge.
  • the crop protection enhancing adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of: crop oil concentrates, modified vegetable oils, drift retardants, soil or foliage penetrants, buffering agents, wetting agents, surfactants, nitrogen fertilizers, compatibility agents, defoamers, deposition agents, or combinations thereof.
  • the crop protection enhancing adjuvant is a lipophilic adjuvant.
  • the pesticide comprises an insecticide, an herbicide, a bactericide, a fungicide, a larvicide, a miticide, a nematicide, a plant growth regulator, or a combination thereof.
  • the pesticide comprises a lipophilic pesticide.
  • the composition comprises 0.625-3.5% (v/v) pesticide.
  • the weight ratio of pesticide to polyacrylamide microemulsion is in a range of 99:1 to 90:10. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of pesticide to polyacrylamide microemulsion is 97:3.
  • the composition comprises a pesticide and 0.125- 5% (v/v) of a combination of the polyacrylamide microemulsion and the crop protection enhancing adjuvant.
  • methods of use for the compositions described herein comprising contacting agricultural crops, turf and ornamental, or industrial vegetation management pests with a composition comprising at least one of a pesticide and a crop protection enhancing adjuvant, and a polyacrylamide.
  • contacting comprises spraying from a rotary atomizer. Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601
  • contacting comprises spraying from a rotary atomizer of a ground sprayer.
  • contacting comprises spraying from a rotary atomizer of an UAV or other aerial application equipment.
  • the UAV is a drone.
  • a method comprising delivering a pesticide formulation to a plant or soil via a rotary atomizer, wherein said pesticide formulation comprises at least one pesticide, a crop protection enhancing adjuvant, and a polyacrylamide.
  • FIG. 1B shows the percentage of fine particles having a diameter of less than 141 microns with and without various adjuvants.
  • FIGS. 2A-2B show particle size analysis results using Shredder TM 2,4-D LV4 herbicide tank mix with a high disk speed.
  • FIG. 2A shows median droplet diameter and
  • FIG. 2B shows the percentage of fine particles having a diameter of less than 141 microns with and without various adjuvants.
  • FIG. 3 shows the average number of droplets across the spray swath at various offsets from the drone flight path after drone-based applications of water, emulsion with drift reducing technology (DRT), and emulsion with DRT and polyacrylamide (PAM).
  • DTT drift reducing technology
  • PAM polyacrylamide
  • FIG. 4 shows the percent coverage cross the spray swath at various offsets from the drone flight path after drone-based applications of water, emulsion DRT, and emulsion DRT + PAM.
  • FIG. 5A shows the number of droplets recovered and FIG. 5B shows the percent covered area under the drone spray swath after drone-based applications of water, emulsion DRT, and emulsion DRT + PAM.
  • FIG. 6A shows the number of droplets recovered and FIG. 6B shows the percent covered area averaged from 28 to 56 feet downwind from the drone flight path after drone- based applications of water, emulsion DRT, and emulsion DRT + PAM.
  • FIG. 7 shows the average number of droplets collected 56 feet downwind from the Atty. Docket No.
  • FIG. 8 shows results of a field spray deposition study conducted on bare ground.
  • the percent coverage (AUDPS) is shown in the graph and results are quantified in the table below.
  • Oil-emulsion adjuvants both resulted in a lower spray coverage within the swath vs. water alone.
  • the oil-emulsion + PAM adjuvant (PAM DRA2) resulted in greater spray coverage within the swath vs. water alone.
  • FIG. 9 shows results of a field spray deposition study conducted on bare ground.
  • Spray coverage was determined by analyzing the distribution of droplets on a strip of paper across the 60 ft plot area.
  • the oil-emulsion adjuvant had minimal effect on max % coverage and mean % coverage, and reduced the area under the spray coverage progress curve.
  • the oil- emulsion + PAM PAM DRA3
  • PAM DRA3 reduced the swath width, increased the max and mean % coverage, and increased the area under the coverage progress curve.
  • pesticide as used herein is used in the broadest sense and refers to any agent Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 used to destroy, prevent damage from, disrupt, or otherwise control pests.
  • the term “pest” is inclusive of any organism that would potentially be harmful to cultivated plants (e.g. crops), including insects in their various life stages, fungi, bacteria, weeds, nematodes, mites, and the like.
  • pesticide is inclusive of insecticides, herbicides, bactericides, fungicides, larvicides, nematicides, miticides, plant growth regulators, and the like.
  • UAVs unmanned aerial vehicles
  • Drifting agricultural chemicals can reach and adversely affect neighboring people, livestock, wild animals, crops, water sources, and the like.
  • Spray drift is affected by characteristics of the spray solution, environmental parameters (e.g., wind, humidity, etc.), application parameters (e.g., application height, speed, etc.), and characteristics of the application environment. Studies have been conducted to evaluate drift potential for applications performed using hydraulic nozzles typically used in spray vehicles, spray aircraft, etc.
  • UAV-based application increasingly using rotary atomizers instead of nozzles are becoming increasingly more common, and the impact of rotary (e.g., centrifugal) atomization on drift is not well-understood.
  • UAVs spray at a higher distance from the crop canopy and may fly faster than ground-based spraying equipment, which could further increase drift.
  • the present invention is predicated, at least in part, on the surprising discovery that oil Atty. Docket No.
  • EXTO_42216.601 emulsion adjuvants when added to pesticides such as herbicides and fungicides, in some instances cause decreased average particle size and increased driftable fractions to be produced from a rotary atomizer compared to the pesticide product without the added oil emulsion adjuvants.
  • oil emulsion adjuvants such as crop oil concentrates, methylated seeds oils, high surfactant oil concentrates, and oil emulsion-based drift reduction adjuvants (DRAs) commonly used with traditional hydraulic spray nozzles may increase drift when used with rotary atomizers, such as those used in conjunction with UAV-based application.
  • DDAs oil emulsion-based drift reduction adjuvants
  • compositions comprising polyacrylamide, such as polyacrylamide microemulsions, which are shown herein to increase average particle size and reduce the driftable fraction of particles produced by a rotary atomizer.
  • polyacrylamide e.g., a polyacrylamide microemulsion
  • oil-based agricultural products including oil emulsions, oil emulsion concentrates, oil-based pesticides, and the like, to reduce drift when applied with a rotary atomizer.
  • compositions comprising at least one of a pesticide and a crop protection enhancing adjuvant, and a polyacrylamide.
  • compositions comprising a pesticide and a polyacrylamide.
  • compositions comprising a crop protection enhancing adjuvant and a polyacrylamide.
  • compositions comprising a pesticide, a crop protection enhancing adjuvant, and a polyacrylamide.
  • the term “polyacrylamide” (abbreviated as PAM) as used herein refers to a polymer with an acrylic monomer present as one of its monomers.
  • polyacrylamide refers to a polymer with acrylamide present as one of its monomers.
  • polyacrylamide is a polymer comprising acrylamide.
  • polyacrylamide is a polymer comprising the combination of acrylamide and acrylic acid or a derivative thereof (e.g., a salt, ester, or conjugate base of acrylic acid, referred to as an acrylate).
  • the polyacrylamide polymer itself comes in several types, defined by the electrical charge of the polymer chain.
  • the polyacrylamide polymer may be nonionic, anionic or cationic.
  • the cationic (e.g., positively charged) polymer is commonly used in water treatment. In agricultural applications, the cationic polymer is rarely used, as it has a deleterious effect on aquatic wildlife. The nonionic or Atty. Docket No.
  • EXTO_42216.601 uncharged form is a reaction product of pure acrylamide, forming an uncharged, but water- soluble polymer that is quite inert in the environment.
  • Acrylamide is co-reacted with other monomers to form the cationic or anionic forms.
  • anionic (negatively charged) polymer acrylamide is most often reacted with an acrylate monomer that is further reacted so that it becomes negatively charged.
  • the nonionic and anionic polymers have different properties. At lower levels in water, the anionic polymers build properties, such as viscosity, faster.
  • Anionic polyacrylamide polymers are compatible with other charged molecules, such as those contained in fertilizers. However, they can react undesirably with certain other charged molecules.
  • nonionic polyacrylamides are used in situations where the anionics are incompatible with other molecules.
  • the amount of charge is measured as a percent of the comonomer added.
  • a polyacrylamide that is 30% acrylate and 70% acrylamide is called a 30 percent-charged polymer. This percentage may be expressed as weight or mole percent, depending on the manufacturer.
  • the acrylic acid portion is reacted with base to form the acid salt. The polymer is then considered to be charged.
  • the composition comprises a water soluble polyacrylamide.
  • the composition comprises a water-soluble linear polyacrylamide.
  • the polyacrylamide is a water-dispersible solid polyacrylamide. In some embodiments, the polyacrylamide is a water-dispersed polyacrylamide.
  • a composition provided herein comprises a water soluble polyacrylamide and a non-oil based pesticide (e.g. a water-based pesticide), wherein the water soluble polyacrylamide increases the average particle size and/or reduces the driftable fraction of the composition compared to the average particle size and/or driftable fraction of an equivalent composition lacking the water soluble polyacrylamide. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a polyacrylamide emulsion.
  • the composition comprises a polyacrylamide emulsion comprising a water-soluble polyacrylamide contained within water particles (the discontinuous phase) dispersed within an oil (the continuous phase).
  • the composition comprises a polyacrylamide microemulsion.
  • microemulsion refers to an emulsion containing polyacrylamide particles having a diameter of 1 nm to 300 nm. Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 Microemulsion PAMs are described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • the microemulsion PAM is an inverse microemulsion.
  • the terms “inverse microemulsion,” “inverted emulsion,” “invert emulsion,” or “reverse emulsion” are used interchangeably and refer to a water-in-oil microemulsion (w/o microemulsion) in which an aqueous phase (the discontinuous phase) is dispersed in an oil phase (the continuous phase).
  • an “inverse emulsion” refers to an emulsion wherein aqueous micelles are dispersed in an oil phase.
  • the compositions comprising polyacrylamide described herein function as a drift reduction agent (DRA) in agricultural applications.
  • inverse microemulsion PAMs function as a lipophilic drift reduction agent (DRA), such as for pesticide formulations or formulations containing a crop protection enhancing adjuvant, such as fertilizer formulations.
  • the microemulsion PAM is transparent/semitransparent inverse microlattices of polyacrylamide (PAM).
  • the transparent/semitransparent inverse microlattice of polyacrylamide may be manufactured as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,681,912, which is incorporated herein by reference, and which specific reference is made to column 2, line 15 to column 3, line 31.
  • Polytex A 33 MC is an exemplary commercial source of polyacrylamide transparent/semitransparent inverse microlattices.
  • a “transparent inverse microemulsion” refers to an emulsion having an average particle size of 150 nm or less.
  • a “semitransparent inverse microemulsion” refers to an emulsion having an average particle size close to but may somewhat exceed 150 nm, such as up to 300 nm, with the result that the formulation has a cloudy appearance.
  • the transparent/semitransparent inverse microlattice of polyacrylamide (PAM) may include at least one or all of the following: acrylic monomers (in aqueous solution), at least one hydrocarbon liquid (in organic phase), and at least one non-ionic or anionic surfactant.
  • the acrylic monomers content of the aqueous phase may range from 20-80% by weight.
  • the acrylic monomers may comprise acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid or an alkali salt thereof, and methacrylic acid or an alkali salt thereof.
  • the pH of the aqueous solution of acrylic monomers may range from 8 to 13.
  • the organic phase may comprise a hydrocarbon or mixture of Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 hydrocarbons, e.g., isoparaffinic hydrocarbons.
  • the weight ratio of the aqueous phase to the hydrocarbon phase is usually as high as possible, for example from 0.5 to 3:1.
  • At least one non- ionic or anionic surfactant may have a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) value ranging from 8-11.
  • HLB hydrophilic lipophilic balance
  • the microemulsion PAM comprises polyacrylamide with less than 30 mole % anionic charge.
  • the polyacrylamide of the microemulsion has a 0-22 mole % anionic charge, wherein a 0% charge corresponds to non-ionic PAM. It is more desirable that the anionic charge be in a range of 3-18 mole %, and still more desirable in a range of 7-15 mole % anionic charge.
  • the highest anionic charge with compatibility is most preferred (e.g., 15-22 mole %) to produce the desired property and performance results with the lowest inclusion rate of the small particle size emulsion PAM.
  • the composition produces particles (e.g., droplets) when released from a rotary atomizer.
  • rotary atomizer refers to an article that uses a rotating component (e.g., disk, cup, wheel) to discharge liquid at high speed to the perimeter of the article, forming a spray (e.g., a hollow cone spray) containing micron-sized droplets.
  • a rotating component e.g., disk, cup, wheel
  • a spray e.g., a hollow cone spray
  • rotary atomizers operate on the principle of centrifugal energy which produces a high relative speed between the fluid and the air, inducing atomization.
  • the liquid first flows radially outwards in the rotating component and is then released from the outer boundary of the component at a high speed. Atomization depends on the flow rate of the liquid and the rotational speed of the rotating component.
  • Rotary atomizers rely on mechanical (e.g., centrifugal) force, and thus neither a high-pressure liquid nor a pressurized gas is required to induce atomization of the fluid.
  • a rotary atomizer functions using less than 10 psi of pressure (e.g., 5 psi), whereas traditional, non-rotary sprayers require significantly more pressure (e.g., 40 psi) to produce an adequate spray.
  • the particles released from the rotary atomizer have an average diameter that is larger than the average diameter of particles produced by an equivalent composition lacking the polyacrylamide.
  • particles released from a rotary atomizer from a composition comprising polyacrylamide, as described herein are of larger average diameter than particles released from a rotary atomizer from an Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 equivalent composition (e.g., a composition comprising the same pesticide and/or the same crop protection enhancing adjuvant) lacking the polyacrylamide.
  • the size of the particles released from the rotary atomizer depends on the speed at which the rotating component (e.g., disk) rotates. Accordingly, in some embodiments the speed of the rotating component of a rotary atomizer can be modified to produce particles of the desired size, with the desired drift-reducing properties.
  • the average diameter of the particles produced from a rotary atomizer for the composition containing polyacrylamide described herein is larger than the average diameter of particles produced from a rotary atomizer for a composition lacking polyacrylamide, regardless of the speed of the rotating component of the rotary atomizer.
  • the average diameter of the particles produced from the rotary atomizer depends, at least in part, on the components present within the composition, such as the pesticide, the crop protection enhancing adjuvant, and/or the relative amounts thereof present within the composition.
  • the average diameter of particles produced by the composition containing polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is greater than about 150 microns. In some embodiments, the average diameter of particles produced by the composition containing polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is greater than about 200 microns, about 250 microns, about 300 microns, about 350 microns, about 400 microns, about 450 microns, about 500 microns, about 550 microns, about 600 microns, about 650 microns, about 700 microns, about 750 microns, or about 800 microns.
  • the average diameter of particles produced by the composition containing polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer at a disk speed of about 8000 rpm is greater than about 150 microns. In some embodiments, the average diameter of particles produced by the composition containing polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer at a disk speed of about 4000 rpm is greater than about 440 microns.
  • the average diameter of particles produced by the composition containing polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer at a disk speed of 2000 rpm is greater than about 450 microns, about 460 microns, about 470 microns, about 480 microns, about 490 microns, about 500 microns, about 510 microns, about Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 520 microns, or about 530 microns.
  • the average diameter of particles produced by the composition comprising polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is at least about 10% larger (e.g.
  • the average diameter of particles produced by an equivalent composition lacking the polyacrylamide is less than about 300 microns.
  • the average diameter of particles produced by an equivalent composition lacking the polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is less than about 300 microns, and addition of the polyacrylamide to create a composition as described herein comprising at least one of a pesticide and a crop protection enhancing adjuvant and a polyacrylamide (e.g., a polyacrylamide microemulsion) increases the average diameter of the particles when released from a rotary atomizer to greater than about 300 microns.
  • a polyacrylamide e.g., a polyacrylamide microemulsion
  • the average diameter of particles released from a rotary atomizer by an equivalent composition lacking the polyacrylamide is less than about 300 microns, less than about 290 microns, less than about 280 microns, less than about 270 microns, less than about 260 microns, less than about 250 microns, less than about 240 microns, less than about 230 microns, less than about 220 microns, less than about 210 microns, less than about 200 microns, less than about 190 microns, less than about 180 microns, less than about 170 microns, less than about 160 microns, less than about 150 microns, less than about 140 microns, less than about 130 microns, less than about 120 microns, less than about 110 microns, less than about 100 microns, or less than about 90 microns, and addition of the polyacrylamide to create a composition as described herein comprising at least one of a pesticide and a crop protection enhancing adjuvant and a
  • the average diameter of particles released from a rotary atomizer is less than about 300 microns, and addition of the Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 polyacrylamide to create a composition as described herein comprising at least one of a pesticide and a crop protection enhancing adjuvant and a polyacrylamide (e.g., a polyacrylamide microemulsion) increases the average diameter of the particles when released from a rotary atomizer by at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, or at least about 50%.
  • a polyacrylamide e.g., a polyacrylamide microemulsion
  • spray containing a higher percentage of particles having a diameter of less than 141 microns has increased drift potential compared to spray containing a lower percentage of particles having a diameter of less than 141 microns.
  • the percentage of particles having a diameter of less than 141 microns is referred to herein as a “driftable fraction.”
  • a smaller driftable fraction indicates a reduced drift potential.
  • the driftable fraction of particles produced by the composition comprising polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is less than the driftable fraction of particles produced by an equivalent composition lacking the polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer.
  • the driftable fraction of particles produced by a rotary atomizer depends on the speed at which the rotating component (e.g., disk) rotates. Generally , a higher disk speed produces finer particles, and therefore increases the driftable fraction of particles produced by the rotary atomizer compared to the driftable fraction produced by a lower disk speed. In some embodiments, the driftable fraction of particles (e.g., the percentage of particles having a diameter of less than 141 microns) produced by the Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 composition comprising polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is less than the driftable fraction of particles produced by an equivalent composition lacking the polyacrylamide, regardless of the speed of the rotating component of the rotary atomizer.
  • the driftable fraction of particles produced by a rotary atomizer depends on the speed at which the rotating component (e.g., disk) rotates. Generally , a higher disk speed produces finer particles, and therefore increases the driftable fraction of particles produced by the rotary atom
  • the driftable fraction of particles produced by the composition comprising polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is less than 75%. In some embodiments, the driftable fraction of particles produced by the composition comprising polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is less than 70%. In some embodiments, the driftable fraction of particles produced by the composition comprising polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is less than 70%, less than 68%, less than 66%, less than 64%, less than 62%, less than 60%, less than 58%, less than 56%, less than 54%, less than 52%, less than 50%, less than 45%, less than 40%, less than 35%, less than 30%, less than 25%, less than 20%, less than 15%, or less than 10%.
  • the driftable fraction of particles produced by the composition comprising polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is less than 1%. In some embodiments, the driftable fraction of particles produced by the composition comprising polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is less than 1%, less than 0.9%, less than 0.8%, less than 0.7%, less than 0.6%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.4%, less than 0.3%, less than 0.2%, or less than 0.1%. In some embodiments, the driftable fraction of particles produced by an equivalent composition lacking the polyacrylamide (e.g.
  • compositions comprising at least one of a pesticide and a crop protection enhancing adjuvant but not comprising the polyacrylamide) when released from a rotary atomizer is about 60% to about 90%, and addition of the polyacrylamide to create a composition as described herein comprising at least one of a pesticide and a crop protection enhancing adjuvant and a polyacrylamide (e.g. a polyacrylamide microemulsion) decreases the driftable fraction of particles by at least about 5%.
  • a polyacrylamide e.g. a polyacrylamide microemulsion
  • the driftable fraction of particles produced by an equivalent composition lacking the polyacrylamide when released from a rotary atomizer is about 60% to about 90%, and addition of the polyacrylamide to create a composition as described herein comprising at least one of a pesticide and a crop protection enhancing adjuvant and a polyacrylamide decreases the driftable fraction of particles by at least about 10%.
  • microemulsion PAM it is desirable to combine the attributes of microemulsion PAM with other crop protection enhancing adjuvants.
  • Crop protection enhancing adjuvants are also referred to herein as adjuvants.
  • Adjuvants are described by ASTM E1519 as a material added to a tank mix to aid or modify the action of an agrichemical or the physical characteristics of the mixture. Such materials include, but are not limited to, crop oil concentrates, modified vegetable oils (MVO), drift retardants, and nonionic surfactants.
  • the crop protection enhancing adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of: crop oil concentrates (e.g., paraffinic oils), modified vegetable oils (e.g., soybean oil ethoxylates, ethoxylated lecithin), drift retardants, soil or foliage penetrants, buffering agents, wetting agents, surfactants (e.g., non-ionic surfactants (EO-PO bock copolymers) anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoterics, nitrogen fertilizers, compatibility agents, defoamers, deposition agents, or combinations thereof.
  • the crop protection enhancing adjuvant is a lipophilic adjuvant.
  • Lipophilic adjuvant components include, but are not limited to, paraffin oils, white oils, aromatics, napthenes, alkenes, and fatty oils such as mineral oils, modified vegetable (seed) oils and derivatives.
  • Vegetable oils and derivatives include soybean, canola, coconut, corn, cottonseed, palm, palm kernel, flaxseed, grape seed, peanut, safflower and sunflower, and ethoxylated seed oils, such as ethoxylated soybean oil, ethoxylated methyl esters, such as ethoxylated soybean methyl ester, and ethylated methyl esters.
  • the fatty acids and derivatives are 10 carbons (preferably 0 double bonds) to 18 carbons (preferably 3 double bonds) in length.
  • Crop protection enhancing adjuvants can affect the surface-active properties of pesticide or fertilizer applications positively by increasing pest control attributes, such as increased ability to penetrate waxy cuticles of leaf surfaces and increase droplet spreading on leaf or target surfaces.
  • the composition combines the polyacrylamide (e.g. the polyacrylamide microemulsion) with lipophilic adjuvant components in a user-friendly formulation.
  • MVO is an oil, extracted from seeds, that has been chemically modified (e.g., methylated); COC is an emulsifiable petroleum oil-based product containing 15 to 20% w/w/ surfactant and a minimum of 80% w/w phytobland oil, and HSOC is an emulsifiable oil based product containing 25-50% w/w surfactant and a minimum of 50% w/w oil.
  • MVO is an oil, extracted from seeds, that has been chemically modified (e.g., methylated)
  • COC is an emulsifiable petroleum oil-based product containing 15 to 20% w/w/ surfactant and a minimum of 80% w/w phytobland oil
  • HSOC is an emulsifiable oil based product containing 25-50% w/w surfactant and a minimum of 50% w/w oil.
  • compositions comprising a polyacrylamide are combined with lipophilic herbicides and lipophilic adjuvants to promote highly effective weed control while minimizing drift. Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least one pesticide.
  • pesticides include, but are not limited to, acaricides, avicides, chemosterilants, herbicides, insecticides, molluscicides, plant growth regulators, virucides, algicides, bactericides, fungicides, insect attractants, mammal repellents, nematicides, rodenticides, antifeedants, bird repellents, herbicide safeners, insect repellents, mating disrupters, plant activators, and the like.
  • the pesticide comprises an insecticide, an herbicide, a bactericide, a fungicide, a larvicide, or a combination thereof.
  • the pesticide may be a lipophilic pesticide.
  • the composition may further comprise a crop protection enhancing adjuvant, as described above.
  • the pesticide is an oil-based pesticide and the polyacrylamide is a polyacrylamide emulsion, such as a polyacrylamide microemulsion.
  • the pesticide is not oil-based (e.g. is water-based), and the polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polyacrylamide.
  • the pesticide comprises an herbicide. The present disclosure is not limited to a particular herbicide.
  • herbicides that can be used in a composition described herein include, but are not limited to, amide herbicides (e.g., allidochlor, amicarbazone, beflubutamid, benzadox, benzipram, bromobutide, cafenstrole, CDEA, cyprazole, dimethenamid (e.g., dimethenamid-P), diphenamid, epronaz, etnipromid, fentrazamide, flucarbazone, flupoxam, fomesafen, halosafen, huangcaoling, isocarbamid, isoxaben, napropamide, naptalam, pethoxamid, propyzamide, quinonamid, saflufenacil, tebutam); anilide herbicides (e.g., chloranocryl, cisanilide, clomeprop, cypromid, diflufenican,
  • pyrimidinyloxybenzoic acid herbicides e.g., bispyribac, pyriminobac
  • pyrimidinylthiobenzoic acid herbicides e.g., pyrithiobac
  • phthalic acid herbicides e.g., chlorthal
  • picolinic acid herbicides e.g., aminopyralid, clopyralid, picloram
  • quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicides e.g., quinclorac, quinmerac
  • arsenical herbicides e.g., cacodylic acid, CMA, DSMA, hexaflurate, MAA, MAMA, MSMA, potassium arsenite, sodium arsenite
  • benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicides e.g., ketospiradox, mesotrione, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione
  • oxadiazolone herbicides e.g., dimefuron, methazole, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon
  • oxazole herbicides e.g., carboxazole, fenoxasulfone, isouron, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, methiozolin, monisouron, pyroxasulfone, topramezone
  • phenoxy herbicides e.g., bromofenoxim, clomeprop, 2,4-DEB, 2,4-DEP, difenopenten, disul, erbon, etnipromid, fenteracol, trifopsime
  • phenoxyacetic herbicides e.g., 4-CPA, 2,4-D, 3,4-DA, MCPA, MCPA- thioethyl, 2,4,5
  • the pesticide comprises an insecticide.
  • insecticides include, but are not limited to, antibiotic insecticides (e.g., allosamidin, thuringiensin); macrocyclic lactone insecticides (e.g., avermectin insecticides (e.g., abamectin, doramectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, selamectin), milbemycin insecticides (e.g., lepimectin, milbemectin, milbemycin oxime, and moxidectin), spinosyn insecticides (e.g., spinetoram and spinosad)); arsenical insecticides (e.g., calcium arsenate, copper acetoarsenite, copper arsenate, lead arsenate, potassium arsenite, sodium
  • benzothiopyran organothiophosphate insecticides e.g., dithicrofos, thicrofos
  • benzotriazine organothiophosphate insecticides e.g., azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl
  • isoindole organothiophosphate insecticides e.g., dialifos, phosmet
  • isoxazole organothiophosphate insecticides e.g., isoxathion, zolaprofos
  • pyrazolopyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides e.g., chlorprazophos, pyrazophos
  • pyridine organothiophosphate insecticides e.g., chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl
  • pyrimidine organothiophosphate insecticides e.g., butathiofos, diazin
  • the pesticide is a fungicide.
  • fungicides include, but are not limited to aliphatic nitrogen fungicides (e.g., butylamine, cymoxanil, dodicin, dodine, guazatine, iminoctadine); amide fungicides (e.g., carpropamid, chloraniformethan, cyflufenamid, diclocymet, ethaboxam, fenoxanil, flumetover, furametpyr, isopyrazam, mandipropamid, penthiopyrad, prochloraz, quinazamid, silthiofam, triforine, xiwojunan); acylamino acid fungicides (e.g., benalaxyl (e.g., benalaxyl-M), furalaxyl, metalaxyl (e.g., metalaxyl-M), pefurazo
  • dinitrophenol fungicides e.g., binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap (e.g., dinocap-4, dinocap-6, meptyldinocap), dinocton, dinopenton, dinosulfon, dinoterbon, DNOC
  • dithiocarbamate fungicides e.g., amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram
  • cyclic dithiocarbamate fungicides e.g., dazomet, etem, milneb
  • polymeric dithiocarbamate fungicides e.g., mancopper, mancozeb, mane
  • pyrimidine fungicides e.g., bupirimate, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, ethirimol, fenarimol, ferimzone, nuarimol, triarimol
  • anilinopyrimidine fungicides e.g., cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil
  • pyrrole fungicides e.g., dimetachlone, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, fluoroimide
  • quinoline fungicides e.g., ethoxyquin, halacrinate, 8- hydroxyquinoline sulfate, quinacetol, quinoxyfen, tebufloquin
  • quinone fungicides e.g., benquinox, chloranil, dichlone, dithianon
  • quinoxaline fungicides e.g., benquinox, chloranil, dich
  • the composition comprises 0.001% to 99.999% pesticide(s) (v/v).
  • Commercially available pesticide products e.g. Roundup®
  • the amount of “pesticide” in the compositions herein refers to the amount of the pesticide agent itself (i.e. the active ingredient(s)) present in the composition, absent any “other ingredients” that may be present.
  • the composition comprises 0.001% to 99%, 0.001% to 95%, 0.001% to 90%, 0.001% to 85%, 0.001% to 80%, 0.001% to 75%, 0.001% to 70%, 0.001% to 65%, 0.001% to 60%, 0.001% to 55%, 0.001% to 50%, 0.001% to 45%, 0.001% to 40%, 0.001% to 35%, 0.001% to 30%, 0.001% to 25%, 0.001% to 20%, 0.001% to 15%, 0.01% to 10%, 0.02% to 9%, 0.03% to 8%, 0.04 to 7%, 0.05% to 6%, 0.06% to 5%, 0.07% to 4%, 0.08% to 3%, 0.09 % to 2%, or 1-2% pesticide(s).
  • the composition comprises 0.625 to 3.5% (v/v) pesticide(s). In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.125-5% (v/v) of the combination of the polyacrylamide (e.g. the polyacrylamide microemulsion) and the crop protection enhancing adjuvant. In some embodiments, the composition comprises 0.5 to 1.25% (v/v) of the combination of polyacrylamide microemulsion and the crop protection enhancing adjuvant. In some embodiments, the composition comprises the polyacrylamide (e.g. polyacrylamide microemulsion) at a final concentration of 0.00125% to 1.25% (v/v). In some embodiments, the composition comprises 91.5% to 99.25% (v/v) water.
  • the polyacrylamide e.g. polyacrylamide microemulsion
  • the composition comprises 91.5% to 99.25% (v/v) water.
  • the composition comprises 95.25% to 98.75% (v/v) water.
  • the composition comprises 91.5% to 99.25% (v/v) oil (e.g. 91.5% to 99.25% oil, 95.25% to 98.75% oil), as opposed to water.
  • the weight ratio of pesticide(s) to microemulsion PAM is preferably in a range of 99:1 to 90:10, more preferably 97:3.
  • the weight ratio of pesticide(s) to microemulsion PAM is about 99:1, 98.5:1.5; 98:2, 97.5:2.5; 97:3, 96.5:3.5; 96:4, 95.5:4.5; 95:5, 94.5:5.5; 94:6; 93.5:6.5; 93:7; 92.5:7.5; 92:8; 91.5:8.5; 91:9, 90.5:9.5, or 90:10.
  • Other lipophilic pesticides may be used alone or in any combination with one another, and with or without clethodim.
  • herbicides include, but are not limited to: fenoxaprop; fluazifop; quizalofop; sethoxydim; chlorimuron; foramsulfuron; halosulfuron; iodosulfuron; nicosulfuron; primsulfuron; prosulfuron; rimsulfuron; thifensulfuron; tribenron; imazamox; imasaquin; imazethapyr; flumetsulam; cloransulam; clopyralid; fluroxypyr; diflufenzopyr; atrazine; simazine; metribuzin; bromoxynil; bentazon; linuron; isoxaflutole; mesotrione; tropramezone; acifluorfen; fomesafen; lactofen; flumiclorac; sulfentrazone; carfentrazone; ethalfluralin; pendimethalin
  • fungicides include, but are not limited to: thiabendazole; iprodione; vinclozolin; imazilil; triforine; fenarimol; bitertanol; cyproconazole; difenoconazole; fenbuconazole; flusilazole; ipconazole; metconazole; myclobutanil; propiconazole; prothioconazole; tebuconazole; tetraconazole; triadimefon; triadimenol; triticonazole; metalxyl; mefenoxam; cyprodinil; azoxystrobin; picoxystrobin; pyraclostrobin; etridiazole; fenhexamid; polyoxin; fluazinam; dimeth
  • compositions may be formulated such that the microemulsion PAM is combined with a pesticide, such as in a tank mix.
  • the formulation of the microemulsion PAM with pesticide may be further combined with crop protection enhancing adjuvant(s).
  • the microemulsion PAM may be first combined with crop protection enhancing adjuvant(s), which can then be mixed with a pesticide, such as in a tank mix, prior to use. It is also useful to formulate microemulsion PAM directly in-can with pesticides for use as a drift reducing agent.
  • the in-can formulations may further contain additional crop protection enhancing adjuvant(s).
  • compositions described herein containing polyacrylamide such as a polyacrylamide microemulsion.
  • methods comprising contacting agricultural crops, turf and ornamental, or industrial vegetation management pests with the compositions described herein.
  • the contacting comprises spraying from a rotary atomizer.
  • the contacting comprises spraying from a rotary atomizer of a ground sprayer. In some embodiments, the contacting comprises spraying from a rotary atomizer of a UAV or other aerial spray equipment. In some embodiments, the UAV is a drone.
  • Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 EXAMPLES Example 1 Drone sprayer wind tunnel test A drone sprayer was used, and spray droplet sizes were characterized using two different disk speeds for the rotary atomizer. A spray drone (XAG P40) was fixed to the ceiling of the agricultural drift tunnel (AgDT) and tested. For each test, the tanks were filled to the max fill line with the spray mixture. Spray mixtures with and without a drift reducing agent (DRA) were tested.
  • DPA drift reducing agent
  • polyacrylamide-containing compositions as described herein find use as additions to pesticides, fertilizers and the like, including oil emulsion adjuvants, to create stable oil-emulsion formulations containing polyacrylamide, and these formulations find use to reduce drift potential when applied using a rotary atomizer, including with UAV applications.
  • Example 2 Field spray deposition study A field spray deposition study was conducted on V10 stage corn.
  • Spray applications were conducted using a DJI AGRAS T40 drone outfitted with rotary atomizer nozzles set to deliver a medium (226-325 micron) droplet size.
  • the drone sprayed 2 gallons of spray carrier water per acre at 12 ft above the canopy height. Treatments were replicated three times, and included Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 water, an oil-emulsion adjuvant (0.5% v/v concentration), and an oil-emulsion + polyacrylamide (PAM) adjuvant (0.5% v/v).
  • the wind direction was perpendicular to the drone’s flight path, resulting in varying degrees of swath shift downwind from the drone’s flight path. The wind direction was between 1 to 3 knots.
  • the overall droplet distribution across the collection area shows that water alone experienced a shift in the spray swath, resulting in more droplets collected from 12+ feet downwind from the drone’s flight position (Fig. 3-4). Both adjuvants reduced the shift in swath deposition from wind, but the emulsion DRT + PAM had a greater effect than the emulsion DRT.
  • the emulsion DRT resulted in minimal to no change in the number of droplets recovered, and a slight reduction in % covered area on the water-sensitive cards (Fig. 5A-B).
  • the emulsion DRT + PAM increased the number of droplets recovered and droplet density and resulted in higher % covered area within the spray swath.
  • Spray applications were conducted using a DJI AGRAS T40 drone outfitted with rotary atomizer nozzles set to deliver a medium (226-325 micron) droplet size.
  • the drone sprayed 2 gallons of spray carrier water per acre from 12 ft above the ground height. Treatments were replicated five times, and included water, two different oil-emulsion adjuvants (DRT1 and DRT2; both at 2 oz/ac), and an oil- emulsion + polyacrylamide (PAM) adjuvant (PAM DRA2; 2 oz/ac).
  • DTT1 and DRT2 both at 2 oz/ac
  • PAM oil- emulsion + polyacrylamide
  • the wind direction was perpendicular to the drone’s flight path, resulting in varying degrees of swath shift downwind from the drone’s flight path.
  • Example 4 Field spray deposition study A field spray deposition study was conducted on bare ground. Spray applications were conducted using a DJI AGRAS T40 drone outfitted with rotary atomizer nozzles set to deliver a medium (226-325 micron) droplet size. The drone sprayed 2 gallons of spray carrier water per acre from 12 ft above the ground.
  • Treatments included sulfentrazone, sulfentrazone + oil- emulsion adjuvant DRT4 (2 oz/ac), and the oil-emulsion + polyacrylamide (PAM) adjuvant PAM DRA3 (2 oz/ac).
  • the wind direction was perpendicular to the drone’s flight path, resulting Atty. Docket No. EXTO_42216.601 in a swath displacement downwind from the drone’s flight path.
  • a single pass of each spray application was evaluated, and a Swath Gobbler was used to measure spray coverage by analyzing the distribution of droplets on a strip of paper across the 60 ft plot area.
  • the oil-emulsion adjuvant had minimal effect on max % coverage and mean % coverage, and reduced the area under the spray coverage progress curve (FIG. 9).
  • the oil-emulsion + PAM PAM DRA3 reduced the swath width, increased the max and mean % coverage, and increased the area under the coverage progress curve (FIG. 9).

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Toxicology (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions comprenant du polyacrylamide et des procédés d'utilisation de celles-ci pour réduire la dérive associée à des produits agricoles administrés par des pulvérisateurs centrifuges, y compris des pesticides et/ou des adjuvants améliorant la protection des cultures.
PCT/US2024/038276 2023-07-31 2024-07-17 Compositions et procédés de réduction de la dérive associée à des produits agricoles administrés par des pulvérisateurs centrifuges Pending WO2025029480A2 (fr)

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