WO2025035154A1 - Système de refroidissement passif - Google Patents

Système de refroidissement passif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025035154A1
WO2025035154A1 PCT/US2024/041983 US2024041983W WO2025035154A1 WO 2025035154 A1 WO2025035154 A1 WO 2025035154A1 US 2024041983 W US2024041983 W US 2024041983W WO 2025035154 A1 WO2025035154 A1 WO 2025035154A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
sky
open space
array
zenith
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2024/041983
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English (en)
Inventor
Choon Sae Lee
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2025035154A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025035154A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B23/00—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect
    • F25B23/003—Machines, plants or systems, with a single mode of operation not covered by groups F25B1/00 - F25B21/00, e.g. using selective radiation effect using selective radiation effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to a system and method for passive cooling and, more particularly, to a system and method for passive electromagnetic cooling.
  • FIGURE 1 is a schematic drawing exemplifying a first embodiment of the invention, namely, a cooling system with an array of pyramidal lenses;
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic drawing exemplifying a second embodiment of the invention, namely, a dielectric antenna between the first and second chambers.
  • the invention is an end-to-end complete passive system which can transfer heat from one region to another using electromagnetic radiation at a low cost.
  • the operating principle is based on thermal radiation.
  • the cooling occurs between a subject chamber to be cooled (chamber 1) and open space (chamber 2).
  • the chambers are connected through an interface by a dielectric array antenna.
  • the first requirement is to have the beam radiated from the interface between the two chambers in a directional manner so that the radiated power from the interface is directed to the zenith of the sky which is much colder than the earth’s surface.
  • the second requirement is to block radiation in the visual light spectrum from the open space to the interface.
  • the first embodiment uses an array of lens antennas that is easy to fabricate inexpensively at mass production scales.
  • the second embodiment (FIG. 2) requires a more refined antenna structure for better performance.
  • FIG. 1 shows an array of dielectric lens antennas 106 at the surface of an interface 110 between a cooling chamber 102 (also referred to herein as chamber 1 or first chamber) and an open space chamber 104 (also referred to herein as chamber 2 or second chamber) wherein each array 106 element is substantially configured as a pyramid.
  • the interface passes radiation from chamber 2 from substantially only near a zenith 108 of the sky away from hotter regions in the sky near the horizon so that the power entering chamber 1 from chamber 2 is minimized.
  • the reference numeral 112 designates a ground plane.
  • the array of lens antennas 106 may be made from virtually any dielectric material; however, dielectrics with high reflection in the optical spectrum are preferred so that most solar irradiation is blocked at the interface 110.
  • a material from Rogers Cooperation (Chandler, Arizona) such as R04003C is a type of glass that is an excellent candidate for antenna fabrication while the color of the material is mostly white which reflects most waves in the visual light spectrum. It is also suggested to put a thin layer of white paint on the dielectric surface to reflect the solar spectrum up to about 94% while transmitting the infrared waves.
  • the key advantage of this option lies in fabrication.
  • the size of each dielectric lens is preferably in the range of from about 0.5 mm to about 50 mm, and preferably from about 1 mm to about 10 mm, which can be easily made with currently available fabrication techniques.
  • FIG. 2 shows an array of dielectric antennas 206 at the surface of an interface 210 between a cooling chamber 202 (also referred to herein as chamber 1 or first chamber) and an open space chamber 204 (also referred to herein as chamber 2 or second chamber) where each array element is a dielectric rod 206.
  • the interface 210 passes radiation from chamber 2 from substantially only near a zenith 208 away from hotter regions in the sky near the horizon so that the power entering chamber 1 from chamber 2 is minimized.
  • FIG. 2 shows a single rod 206 of an array structure (not shown) which is designed to be band-limited in the infrared wavelength band of 8-13 pm where the atmospheric transmittivity is high, a requirement for efficient cooling.
  • the wideband rod antenna is designed based on the leaky wave concept, which is known to give high directivity and wide bandwidth with relatively low loss.
  • the array antenna is backed by a conducting surface 212 such as copper plate, the surface 212 also being effective as a ground plane.
  • the dielectric structure is transparent to visible light, and most of the optical power is reflected from the conducting plate 212 since a region of aperture 214 holes (i.e., holes on the ground plane 212 under each array element or rod 206) is much smaller than the entire surface area between chambers 1 and 2. In this way, the invention is operational day and night without being affected by the operation time.
  • the dielectric lens antenna in the embodiment of FIG. 1 serves the system similar to the taper guide in Zhou ⁇ i.e., Zhou, L., “A polydimethylsiloxane- coated metal structure for all-day radiative cooling”, Nature Sustainability, vol. 2, August 2019, 718-724], to steer the beam from the interface toward the zenith 108 / 208 of the sky.
  • the prior art structure is bulky with guide reflectors while the invention comprises a thin layer without any extra features, resulting in a compact and portable device at a low cost.
  • the heat extraction from the emitter for cooling requires a complex system that may reduce the efficiency further.
  • the invention does not have any of these issues.
  • one side of the cooling surface is free from any obstacle for the chamber to be cooled.
  • the invention preferably does not use expensive nano-scale photonic structures (Zhou), but rather preferable inexpensive materials such as PDMS for antennas are utilized for device fabrication for comparable or even better blockage of solar irradiation.
  • the antenna at the interface between the chambers 1 and 2 is directional so that any infrared radiation from the open space will be reflected at the interface unless it is coming directly from the direction around normal to the ground surface where the equivalent temperature is about 50 K.
  • the interface essentially works as a near ideal thermal radiator, giving a maximum heat dissipation theoretically possible in the designed bandwidth.
  • the actual value will be lower than the ideal because there are detrimental factors such as nonideal performances of antennas, minor transmission of solar irradiation through the interface, conduction, and convection.
  • the cooling rate should be more than the reported rate of 100 W/m 2 (Rephaeli) at a much lower cost.
  • the invention is relatively compact and inexpensive for commerci al/ re si denti al appli cati on s .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un refroidissement électromagnétique passif qui est obtenu à l'aide d'une première chambre ceinte ayant une surface de réseau d'antennes et d'une seconde chambre comprenant un espace ouvert externe à la première chambre ceinte, l'espace ouvert comprenant le ciel. Une interface est définie entre la première chambre et la seconde chambre, la surface de réseau d'antennes étant positionnée par rapport à la première chambre pour assurer une isolation thermique entre l'intérieur de la première chambre et l'espace ouvert de la seconde chambre. La surface de réseau d'antennes est conçue pour diriger des faisceaux depuis l'intérieur de la première chambre vers le zénith du ciel. L'irradiation solaire dans la plage de spectre optique est réfléchie dans les surfaces diélectriques pyramidales ou le plan de masse de l'antenne réseau à tiges diélectriques.
PCT/US2024/041983 2023-08-10 2024-08-12 Système de refroidissement passif Pending WO2025035154A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202363531974P 2023-08-10 2023-08-10
US63/531,974 2023-08-10
US18/801,350 US20250052454A1 (en) 2023-08-10 2024-08-12 Passive Cooling System
US18/801,350 2024-08-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025035154A1 true WO2025035154A1 (fr) 2025-02-13

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PCT/US2024/041983 Pending WO2025035154A1 (fr) 2023-08-10 2024-08-12 Système de refroidissement passif

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US (1) US20250052454A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2025035154A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160268464A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2016-09-15 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Illumination and radiative cooling
EP3423298A1 (fr) * 2016-02-29 2019-01-09 The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate Structures et systèmes de refroidissement par rayonnement
US10941990B2 (en) * 2012-11-15 2021-03-09 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Structures for radiative cooling
US20220026119A1 (en) * 2020-07-25 2022-01-27 Choon Sae Lee Electromagnetic cooling and heating
US20220278165A1 (en) * 2019-07-19 2022-09-01 The University Of Sheffield Led arrays
WO2023039640A1 (fr) * 2021-09-17 2023-03-23 E M Solutions Pty Ltd Ensemble antenne à tige diélectrique
EP3781891B1 (fr) * 2018-04-16 2024-04-10 Fain, Romy M. Procédés de fabrication, structures et utilisations pour refroidissement radiatif passif

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10941990B2 (en) * 2012-11-15 2021-03-09 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Structures for radiative cooling
US20160268464A1 (en) * 2013-11-13 2016-09-15 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Illumination and radiative cooling
EP3423298A1 (fr) * 2016-02-29 2019-01-09 The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate Structures et systèmes de refroidissement par rayonnement
EP3781891B1 (fr) * 2018-04-16 2024-04-10 Fain, Romy M. Procédés de fabrication, structures et utilisations pour refroidissement radiatif passif
US20220278165A1 (en) * 2019-07-19 2022-09-01 The University Of Sheffield Led arrays
US20220026119A1 (en) * 2020-07-25 2022-01-27 Choon Sae Lee Electromagnetic cooling and heating
WO2023039640A1 (fr) * 2021-09-17 2023-03-23 E M Solutions Pty Ltd Ensemble antenne à tige diélectrique

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