WO2025036616A1 - Élément de commande et agencement pour commuter des tensions - Google Patents

Élément de commande et agencement pour commuter des tensions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025036616A1
WO2025036616A1 PCT/EP2024/069323 EP2024069323W WO2025036616A1 WO 2025036616 A1 WO2025036616 A1 WO 2025036616A1 EP 2024069323 W EP2024069323 W EP 2024069323W WO 2025036616 A1 WO2025036616 A1 WO 2025036616A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carrier
control element
arrangement
vacuum interrupter
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2024/069323
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Gregor Nikolic
Katrin Benkert
Martin Koletzko
Thomas RETTENMAIER
Radu-Marian Cernat
Peter Milewski
Wojciech Olszewski
Andreas Glaue
Andreas Schopp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP24740890.9A priority Critical patent/EP4732321A1/fr
Publication of WO2025036616A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025036616A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control element for arrangements for switching voltages and the corresponding arrangement with electrical components which are interconnected and arranged in a common housing.
  • the arrangement comprises at least one vacuum switching tube and at least one carrier for arranging at least one control element on the at least one vacuum switching tube.
  • Arrangements for switching voltages include, for example, vacuum interrupters or vacuum switches, which serve as switching elements in circuit breakers.
  • a vacuum interrupter comprises switching contacts that can be moved relative to one another and are arranged in a vacuum interrupter chamber, i.e. in an evacuated chamber.
  • vacuum interrupters are used for switching voltages in the high-voltage range, in particular greater than or equal to 52 kV, and/or for switching large currents in the range of up to several tens of kiloamperes.
  • Vacuum interrupters, in particular those included in switching arrangements are low-maintenance, durable, and are driven simply and reliably, in particular via motors and/or spring-loaded drives.
  • vacuum interrupters For high voltage requirements, arrangements with several vacuum interrupters are used, for example, whose switching paths are electrically connected in series, as is known, for example, from DE 10 2013 208 419 A1. Alternatively, vacuum interrupters with several switching paths are used, particularly in one vacuum interrupter.
  • a voltage distribution adapted to the vacuum interrupters is aimed for, i.e., control, to avoid overloading individual vacuum interrupters or areas of a vacuum interrupter.
  • the aim is to achieve as even a voltage distribution as possible across the vacuum interrupter or vacuum interrupters or switching paths.
  • passive electrical components such as varistors, resistors, diodes, coils and/or capacitors are connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupters as control elements.
  • the control elements connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupters ideally enable a voltage distribution of essentially 50:50 between the vacuum interrupters when the voltage is applied at a steady state.
  • Distortions in the voltage distribution when switching off e.g. due to currents from, for example, control capacitors or residual currents from, for example, vacuum interrupters, can be diverted by varistors. This prevents the vacuum interrupters from becoming overloaded at high voltages and/or currents, and the switching arrangement, in particular a high-voltage circuit breaker, is designed to be durable and reliable.
  • Control elements for vacuum interrupters have values that are difficult to achieve cost-effectively using individual electrical components.
  • capacitors particularly ceramic capacitors, with capacitance values in the range of 10 to 4000 pF are required.
  • Resistors, particularly ohmic resistors have values that range from a few ohms to several hundred thousand ohms.
  • the control elements must be designed for the currents and voltages of the vacuum interrupters.
  • control elements are interconnected as a control element. Electrical arcing must not occur across the control elements. For this reason, the control elements are arranged in a separate housing with insulating gas, or are cast together with the vacuum interrupter in a common housing, e.g. cast in epoxy resin in a control cabinet. This makes it difficult or impossible to replace defective control elements and the arrangement with vacuum interrupter and control elements is complex to produce, inflexible and not cost-effective.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a control element for arrangements for switching voltages and an arrangement for switching voltages with, in particular, a control element as described above, which can be produced simply and inexpensively, are designed for high voltages and/or currents, and enable simple replacement of control elements, in particular in the arrangements for switching voltages as described above, which enables, for example, simple and inexpensive maintenance.
  • a control element according to the invention for arrangements for switching voltages comprises electrical components which are interconnected and arranged in a common housing.
  • the interconnected electrical components in the housing are arranged in a predetermined shape.
  • predetermined shape describes a specific, previously selected, in particular permanently stable shape.
  • Control elements for arrangements for switching voltages with electrical components in a common housing which have a predetermined shape, enable the arrangement of, for example, a predetermined number of components in the housing, in particular in an optimized shape, in order to arrange a large number of components in the housing in a space-saving manner, without electrical arcing between components at high voltages, and thus enable high voltages and/or currents, for example on vacuum interrupters, to be able to be controlled.
  • control element instead of producing a control element from a single component which can control high voltages and/or currents, the use of many components with particularly small values, for example resistance values, capacitances and/or inductances, enables simple and cost-effective production of the control elements, which are designed for high voltages and/or currents, and, for example, simple and cost-effective replacement of components in control elements in the event of damage and/or maintenance.
  • the predetermined shape of the control elements can be a helix, double helix and/or staircase shape, in particular a straight or spiral staircase shape.
  • a particularly circular-cylindrical housing and a helix and/or double helix shape a compact, space-saving arrangement of electrical components in the housing is possible, with a high number of components.
  • a staircase shape in particular a straight or spiral staircase shape, for example in the case of cuboid or cylindrical housings, many electrical components can be arranged in the housing, in particular compactly and space-saving.
  • Other possible shapes are, for example, ladder shapes, which enable housings with a low height, whereby fewer electrical components can be arranged in a housing with a ladder shape than with a staircase shape with steps.
  • a support element can be provided which is designed to support the electrical components in a dimensionally stable manner. With such a support element, a long-term stable arrangement of the electrical components in the housing is possible.
  • the common housing can be formed from a potting compound and/or filled with a potting compound.
  • the potting compound can comprise or be epoxy resin, silicone and/or polyurethane. Epoxy resin, silicone and/or polyurethane are well suited to arranging electrical components in a dimensionally stable, permanent manner and to electrically insulating them. This prevents damage to the electrical components and protects the electrical components from the environment.
  • the electrical components are also well electrically insulated from one another and/or from the environment, particularly to avoid electrical flashovers at high voltages.
  • the common housing can be made of at least two shell elements, in particular at least two half-shell-shaped shell elements. This allows a simple arrangement of the electrical components in the housing and a simple assembly of the housing, in particular reversibly, e.g. by means of click, clamp and/or screw connections of the housing shell elements. It also enables the dimensionally stable arrangement of housings on, for example, rods of a support.
  • the housing can consist of an insulating material, in particular a plastic, Teflon, PTFE, PCTFE, ceramic, and/or silicone and/or comprise these materials.
  • An insulating Material housing especially with or made of plastic, Teflon, PTFE, PCTFE, ceramic, and/or silicone, is well suited to electrically isolating the electrical components from the environment in order to prevent electrical arcing.
  • the electrical components can comprise at least one electrical resistor, at least one capacitor, in particular a control capacitor, at least one diode, at least one coil and/or at least one varistor. These electrical components are well suited to enabling control, in particular shutdown, of an arrangement for switching voltages, in particular a vacuum interrupter. Electrical resistors, capacitors, in particular control capacitors, diodes, coils and varistors as electrical components are simple and inexpensive, in particular available as standard components. Capacitors and resistors are well suited to shutdown or to setting a desired voltage distribution between vacuum interrupters and/or across a vacuum interrupter. Varistors are particularly well suited to diverting residual currents when switching off, i.e. switching off a vacuum interrupter, which can prevent damage or even destruction. Control elements which comprise or are capacitors and/or electrical resistors and/or varistors are therefore well suited to enabling shutdown of vacuum interrupters.
  • An arrangement according to the invention for switching voltages comprises at least one vacuum switching tube and at least one carrier for arranging at least one control element, in particular a previously described control element, on the at least one vacuum switching tube.
  • the at least one control element comprises a housing and several electrical components arranged in the housing.
  • the at least one control element is enclosed by the at least one carrier or is arranged on or in it.
  • the at least one carrier can be cage-shaped, and/or the electrical components can be interconnected and arranged in the housing, in particular in a helical shape.
  • the use of a carrier in cage shape enables a simple, quick and cost-effective arrangement of control elements on a vacuum interrupter, in particular with a distance, e.g. in the range of millimeters or centimeters, of the control elements from the vacuum interrupter.
  • the carrier can be prefabricated or assembled, which enables a quick and simple assembly of the arrangement according to the invention, by arranging the cage-shaped carrier in particular around the vacuum interrupter.
  • the cage shape enables better heat dissipation from the vacuum interrupter to the environment compared with a solid, in particular closed carrier.
  • the arrangement of the electrical components in a housing protects them from environmental influences and enables electrical insulation from the outside, for example to avoid electrical flashovers and/or short circuits.
  • An arrangement of the electrical components, which can be interconnected and can be arranged in the housing in a helical shape, enables the formation of control elements for control with necessary values of e.g. resistance, capacitance and/or inductance, and the production of necessary circuits for control, whereby the arrangement in a helical shape enables a compact design.
  • the at least one carrier can comprise rods, in particular with a circular and/or elliptical cross-section, and the rods can consist of an insulating material, in particular ceramic, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, Teflon and/or PCTFE, or can comprise insulating material.
  • Rods are simple and inexpensive to manufacture, easy to process and easy and quick to assemble into a cage.
  • Rods made of an insulating material, in particular the materials described above, enable a cage which does not result in electrical arcing along the longitudinal axis of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the at least one carrier can comprise metallic shields, in particular circular and/or hollow cylindrical shields, in particular made of copper, aluminum and/or steel.
  • the at least one control element and/or rods can be arranged between shields.
  • the at least one vacuum interrupter can comprise shielding elements, which can be electrically contacted with the shields of the at least one carrier, in particular via electrically conductive springs. Control elements can be electrically contacted and connected via the shields of the carrier, in particular via elements of the vacuum interrupter such as metal shields or shielding elements.
  • Circular and/or hollow cylindrical shields of the carrier can be arranged easily and well around the circumference of a vacuum interrupter.
  • control elements of the carrier and in particular shielding elements of the vacuum interrupter, with the previously described Advantages.
  • the arrangement of at least one control element and/or the rods between screens makes it possible to form a particularly cage-shaped support in a simple and cost-effective manner.
  • Springs allow for a reliable electrical contact to be made inexpensively, easily and over a long period of time, even in the event of vibrations.
  • springs enable a good, reversibly detachable electrical contact to be made, which can be formed quickly and easily, particularly automatically, during arrangement.
  • the control elements can be connected simply, inexpensively and with long-term stability via the shielding elements of the vacuum interrupter and the shields of the carrier, with the advantages described above. Controlling vacuum interrupters, particularly those connected in series, via control elements on the carriers assigned to the vacuum interrupters is therefore simple, inexpensive and reliable, with a compact design of the arrangement according to the invention.
  • the at least one carrier can be designed in such a way that the carrier can be pushed and/or displaced over the at least one vacuum interrupter, in particular reversibly.
  • This enables a simple, cost-effective and reversible arrangement of the carrier on or in particular around the circumference of the vacuum interrupter.
  • This enables a simple and cost-effective assembly of the arrangement according to the invention, and with a reversible arrangement, for example, parts can be replaced easily and cost-effectively during maintenance work.
  • This enables simple maintenance, which increases the reliability and longevity of the arrangement according to the invention.
  • the at least one carrier can be designed in a segment-like manner, in particular composed of half-shell-shaped cage segments.
  • the use of particularly half-shell-shaped segments enables even with carriers which cannot be pushed over a vacuum interrupter, a simple, inexpensive and quick installation, with the advantages described above.
  • the segments can also have other shapes, e.g. instead of half-shell, quarter-shell or other segments can be used.
  • the arrangement can comprise a high-voltage circuit breaker, in particular designed for switching voltages in the range of greater than and/or equal to 52 kV, in particular with at least two vacuum interrupters which are connected in series or in parallel.
  • a high-voltage circuit breaker in particular designed for switching voltages in the range of greater than and/or equal to 52 kV, in particular with at least two vacuum interrupters which are connected in series or in parallel.
  • the advantages described above apply in particular to high-voltage circuit breakers and/or at high voltages and currents.
  • a series connection of vacuum interrupters and/or a control may be necessary in order to be able to switch a voltage reliably and with long-term stability.
  • cooling of the vacuum interrupter and the dissipation of heat away from the vacuum interrupter can be essential for long-term stable, reliable operation.
  • control and the carrier with control elements for a respective vacuum interrupter described above apply to vacuum interrupters themselves, in that segments of a vacuum interrupter are controlled, and apply to several vacuum interrupters, wherein in particular the vacuum interrupters can additionally be controlled among one another or against one another.
  • the vacuum interrupters can each comprise at least one casing and at least one fixed contact as well as at least one movable contact, wherein the at least one casing can comprise at least one ceramic segment, at least one bellows, at least one shielding element and/or at least one metal shield.
  • the at least one casing can comprise at least one ceramic segment, at least one bellows, at least one shielding element and/or at least one metal shield.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of components 18 of a control element 4, electrically connected in series, for an arrangement 1 for switching voltages, and
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of electrically parallel interconnected components 18 of a control element 4 for an arrangement 1 for switching voltages, with resistor 19, capacitor 20, diodes 21, coil 22 and varistor 23 as electrical components 18, and
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic side view of the components 18 of Figure 1 arranged in a helix shape as a predetermined shape
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic side view of the components 18 of Figure 2 arranged in a double helix shape as a predetermined shape
  • Figure 5 shows in side view the interconnected components 18 of a control element 4 for an arrangement 1 for switching voltages arranged in or on a support element 25, and
  • Figure 6 shows a sectional view of a support element 25 with components 18 which are interconnected, a control element 4 for an arrangement 1 for switching voltages, and
  • Figure 7 shows schematically an arrangement 1 according to the invention for switching voltages in a sectional view along a longitudinal axis of a vacuum interrupter 2, wherein a cage-shaped carrier 3 for arranging control elements 4 according to the invention is arranged on the vacuum interrupter 2.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of electrical components 18 which are connected in series with one another.
  • the components 18 lie in one plane and are arranged like a ladder or snake. Another possible shape is, for example, a spiral shape, which, when shown in one plane, creates a snake shape.
  • the components 18 are each separate electrical components 18 which, for example, are each encapsulated, for example with plastic and/or paint.
  • the components 18 each have, for example, two connections via which an electrical connection or interconnection takes place, between one another and/or with external circuits.
  • electrical components 18 are shown, for example, a resistor 19, a capacitor 20, two diodes 21, in particular with opposite blocking directions, a coil 22 and a varistor 23.
  • Other components 18 are possible and/or in different numbers, e.g. two or more resistors 19 connected to two or more capacitors 20, one, three or more diodes 21, with the same or opposite blocking directions, two or more coils 22 and/or two or more varistors 23.
  • the electrical components 18 are electrically connected or connected in parallel to one another.
  • Other circuits are also possible, e.g. a combination of series connection and parallel connection.
  • One example is the series connection of a resistor 19 and a capacitor 20, each with a varistor 23 pa- connected in parallel.
  • the components in Figure 2 are, for example, in ladder form, i.e. arranged with ladder steps in one plane. Other possible forms of arrangement are, for example, spiral shapes, whereby ladder shapes also result when shown in the plane.
  • the electrical components 18 are connected in series analogously to Figure 1 and arranged in a predetermined shape.
  • the shape in Figure 3 is a helix shape.
  • the conductor shape in Figure 1 is twisted along a longitudinal axis of the conductor shape, in particular evenly twisted with a uniformly increasing angle in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along the length of the conductor.
  • the electrical components 18 are connected in parallel, similar to Figure 2, and arranged in a predetermined shape.
  • the shape in Figure 4 is a double helix shape.
  • the conductor shape of Figure 2 with two longitudinal struts which are connected to one another by transverse steps is twisted along a longitudinal axis of the conductor shape, in particular evenly twisted with a uniformly increasing angle in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis along the length of the conductor.
  • the components 18 can be the same, different, or combinations of components 18, e.g. a series connection of resistor 19 and capacitor 20 in one transverse step, with a varistor 23 connected in parallel in a further transverse step.
  • a support element 25 is shown in side view.
  • the support element 25 is designed to hold the connected electrical components 18 in a predetermined shape or to support them mechanically.
  • the support element 25 is made, for example, from an insulating material, in particular a plastic, Teflon, PTFE, PCTFE, ceramic, a composite material and/or silicone, or comprises these materials.
  • the support element 25 has a surface which has the shape of the connected components 18 and on which these are arranged or can be arranged.
  • the surface is a screw surface, in particular a spiral surface.
  • the spiral surface can be continuous or, for example, run around a central column arranged in the middle of the support element 25, which is not shown in Figure 5 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the support element 25 is designed to be arranged in a housing 24, as shown in Figure 7, for example, which is, for example, hollow-cylindrical, in particular with a circular or elliptical base.
  • a housing 24 is, for example, shell-shaped, ie made of one or more pieces that can be put together, in particular the shell elements 26, which result in a hollow body.
  • the housing 24 is composed of at least two half-shell-shaped shell elements 26, which together form a hollow cylindrical body.
  • Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the support element 25 in a sectional view.
  • the support element 25 of Figure 6 is designed in a similar way to Figure 5, with the exception of the central column arranged in the middle of the support element 25.
  • the column is replaced by a recess and the spiral surface is supported on an outer hollow cylinder, in particular with a circular or elliptical base.
  • the material of the spiral surface and the hollow cylinder are identical. Alternatively, different materials can also be used.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of an arrangement according to the invention for switching voltages 1.
  • the arrangement 1 comprises a vacuum interrupter 2 and a carrier 3 with control elements 4 for switching off the vacuum interrupter 2.
  • the control elements 4 are shown schematically in the figure and are the previously described control elements 4 according to the invention, e.g. with electrical resistors. resistors 19, capacitors 20 and/or varistors 23.
  • a control element 4 comprises, for example, a single type of electrical component 18 which are interconnected, or different types of electrical components 18 which are interconnected.
  • the control elements 4 are switched or connected in accordance with the structure and/or connection of the vacuum interrupter 2.
  • two vacuum interrupters 2 can be connected in series, in particular arranged one behind the other on a common axis, which is not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the voltage is divided essentially 50:50 between the two vacuum interrupters 2 in such an embodiment, for example. by capacitors 20 connected in parallel to each vacuum interrupter 2 in series with resistors 19, wherein in particular at least one varistor 23 is connected in parallel to the capacitors 20 and resistors 19 connected in series or to the respective vacuum interrupter 2.
  • control elements 4 are connected to control a vacuum interrupter 2.
  • the vacuum interrupter 2 comprises a fixed contact 10 and a movable contact 11, each of which comprises a cylindrical contact rod or bolt and a disk-shaped contact plate inside the vacuum interrupter 2, the contact rods protruding from the inside into the outside of the vacuum interrupter for electrical contact with the vacuum interrupter 2, and are arranged with the longitudinal axes on a common axis.
  • the movable contact 11 is guided outwards so as to be movable via a bellows 13, which is arranged, for example, on a circular closure element 17, in particular in the shape of a cover.
  • the fixed contact 10 is guided in a gas-tight manner, in particular centrally, through a second, in particular in the shape of a cover, circular closure element 17, and is firmly soldered to the latter. Further fastenings, such as, for example, Clamping, gluing, welding and/or screwing are also possible.
  • the fixed and movable contacts 10, 11 are made of electrically conductive materials such as copper, aluminum and/or steel.
  • the vacuum interrupter 2 is switched, in particular on and off, by moving the movable contact 11, in particular driven by a drive such as a motor and/or a spring-loaded drive and elements of a kinematic chain, e.g. a drive rod and gear elements.
  • the drive and the elements of the kinematic chain are not shown in the figure for the sake of simplicity.
  • the movable contact 11 When switched on, the movable contact 11 is moved towards the fixed contact 10 until both contacts 10, 11 are in electrical and mechanical contact, i.e. the current path across the contacts 10 and 11 is closed.
  • the movable contact 11 When switching off, the movable contact 11 is moved away from the fixed contact 10 until a gap exists between the contacts 10 and 11, which is sufficient to interrupt the electrical contact without arcing between the contacts 10, 11, ie the current path across the contacts 10 and 11 is opened or interrupted.
  • switching voltages greater than or equal to 52 kV, ie at high voltage a gap distance of up to a few centimeters is necessary.
  • the contacts 10 and 11 are spatially enclosed by a vacuum.
  • the contacts 10 and 11 are arranged in a casing 9 of the vacuum interrupter 2, which is sealed vacuum-tight and is evacuated on the inside.
  • the casing 9 includes, for example, a metal shield as the main shield 14, e.g. made of steel, aluminum and/or copper.
  • the metal shield 14 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical in shape, with rounded ends to avoid voltage increases at the ends. The ends protrude, for example, into the vacuum interrupter 2 and are designed as vapor shields.
  • the metal shield 14 spatially encloses the contacts 10, 11.
  • Ceramic segments 12 are connected to the ends of the metal shield 14 in a vacuum-tight manner, in particular by soldering.
  • the ceramic segments 12 are, for example, hollow-cylindrical in design, with a circular cross-section. In the embodiment in Figure 7, for example, two ceramic segments 12 are arranged on each side of the metal shield 14. Alternatively, all ceramic segments 12 can be arranged on one side of the metal shield 14, or one, three or more ceramic segments 12 can be arranged on each side of the metal shield 14.
  • the structure of the vacuum interrupter 2 can be symmetrical or asymmetrical, e.g. B. with a different number of ceramic segments 12 on each side and/or different lengths of ceramic segments 12.
  • the casing 9 of the vacuum switching tube 2 is sealed in a vacuum-tight manner by the closure elements 17, in particular made of copper, aluminum and/or steel, on each side in connection with the contacts 10, 11, and on the side of the movable contact 11 in connection with the bellows 13, which e.g. consists of steel and/or comprises steel.
  • shielding elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 are arranged between ceramic segments 12, in particular one shielding element 7 between each two adjacent ceramic segments 12.
  • at least one shielding element 7 is arranged between all adjacent ceramic segments 12, or ceramic segments 12 can be omitted and shielding elements 7 are only arranged between certain ceramic segments 12, while the remaining ceramic segments 12 are connected to one another in particular directly, e.g. via solder.
  • Shielding elements 7 are, for example, hollow-cylindrical or hat-brimmed and protrude a few millimeters up to centimeters beyond the outer circumference of the ceramic segments 7.
  • the shielding elements 7 can each be designed as a vapor shield.
  • the elements of the casing 9, such as, for example, the housing 9, can be arranged in a manner similar to that of a vapor shield.
  • the main shield 14, the shield elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, the ceramic segments 12, the closure elements 17, and the bellows 13 are e.g. B. soldered to one another, in particular with solder, and connected to the fixed contact 10 by soldering, in particular with solder.
  • Other connection options include gluing, clamping, screwing, pressing, and/or welding.
  • the vacuum interrupter 2 is mounted or held firmly, in particular at the ends, by at least one holder 15, 16.
  • the holder 15 on the side of the fixed contact 10 is, for example, cylindrical and made of a metal, in particular copper, steel and/or aluminum.
  • the fixed contact 10 is, for example, firmly connected to the holder 15, e.g. screwed into the holder 15.
  • the contact 10 can be guided through the holder 15 to an external electrical connection, which is not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the holder 16 of the movable contact 11 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical, e.g. made of a metal, in particular copper, steel and/or aluminum.
  • the holders 15, 16 can be made of a plastic, e.g.
  • the movable contact 11 is guided movably by the holder 16, in particular to an external electrical connection, which for the sake of simplicity is not shown in Figure 7.
  • the holders 15, 16 are arranged, for example, in an external housing, e.g. a control cabinet, a GIS housing, a grounded metal tank or a particularly ribbed insulator housing, which is also not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the vacuum interrupter 2 is spatially enclosed by the carrier 3 according to the invention.
  • the carrier 3 is constructed in the shape of a cage, whereby a cage is a closed container whose sides are perforated.
  • the carrier 3 comprises control elements 4 and, for example, rods 5, which are arranged between shields 6.
  • the carrier 3 is, for example, designed in the shape of a hollow cylinder, whereby the free spaces between me on the cylinder jacket between the elements of the carrier 3, in particular the control elements 4, rods 5 and/or shields 6, which result in perforations.
  • the rods 5 are, for example, elongated, cylindrical, with a particularly circular and/or elliptical cross-section, and comprise or consist of, for example, insulating material, in particular ceramic, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic, Teflon and/or PCTFE.
  • the shields 6 are, for example, metallic shields 6 made of highly electrically conductive copper, aluminum and/or steel, or comprise copper, aluminum and/or steel.
  • the shields 6 can also be or comprise insulators, wherein the control elements 4 can be connected, for example, via electrical lines, which is not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the shields 6 are, for example, disk-shaped, i.e. circular and/or hollow-cylindrical, with a hole in the middle, in particular in the manner of a hat brim or washer.
  • a thickness can be, for example, in the millimeter range up to a few centimeters.
  • the shields 6 are rounded at the edges, in particular on the outer circumference.
  • electrically conductive springs 8 or spring elements are arranged in order to enable good electrical contact between shield elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 and shields 6 of the carrier 3.
  • the springs 8 comprise, for example, leaf and/or coil springs, in particular made of highly conductive steel, copper and/or aluminum.
  • the screens 6 are arranged in the support 3, for example, in such a way that the flat plane of the screens 6 is congruent with a horizontal cutting plane through a particularly circular-cylindrical support 3, i.e. parallel to the top and base surface of the particularly circular-cylindrical support 3, i.e. perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.
  • the rods 5 are arranged with their respective longitudinal axes between the screens 6, e.g. with regular Distance on the outer circumference of the support 3.
  • two, three, four or more rods can be arranged at equal distances from one another along the circumference of the support, along the longitudinal axis of the support on common axes or offset from one another between different screens 6.
  • rods 5 can also be arranged irregularly along the outer circumference of the support 3.
  • the rods 5 are, for example, screwed, glued, clamped, welded and/or soldered to the screens 6.
  • Rods 5 are, for example, arranged on the screens 6 offset inwards from the outer circumference of the screens 6, in particular by millimeters.
  • the carrier 3 is for arranging and/or connecting control elements 4 to the vacuum interrupter 2 or to vacuum interrupters 2.
  • the embodiment in Figure 7 shows a single vacuum interrupter 2 with a single carrier 3.
  • the basic principle of the carrier 3 or multiple carriers 3 arranged along vacuum interrupters 2 can be transferred to multiple vacuum interrupters 2.
  • the control elements 4 are arranged between shields 6 as an alternative or in addition to rods 5.
  • Control elements 4 are or comprise, for example, capacitors 20, ie control capacitors, resistors 19, diodes 21, coils 22 and/or varistors 23, as previously described.
  • An electrical circuit or connection of the control elements 4 to the vacuum interrupter 2 comprises, for example: B.
  • Capacitors 20, ie control capacitors, resistors 19, diodes 21, coils 22 and/or varistors 23 in control elements 4 are arranged and/or connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupter 2 and/or to ceramic segments 12, in particular between screens 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2.
  • capacitors 20 and resistors 19 can be connected in series to one another in a control element 4 or in several control elements 4, arranged and/or connected in parallel to the vacuum interrupter 2 and/or to ceramic segments 12, in particular between screens 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2.
  • control elements 4 in their own control elements 4 or in control elements 4 with other Other components 18 can be arranged and/or connected parallel to the vacuum interrupter 2 and/or to ceramic segments 12, in particular between shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, e.g. parallel to control elements 4 with capacitors 20 and/or resistors 19 or to one control element 4 with capacitors 20 and/or to one control element 4 with resistors 19, and/or in series with control elements 4 with capacitors 20 and control elements 4 with resistors 19 and/or one control element 4 with capacitors 20 and resistors 19 connected in series.
  • control elements 4 are attached to the shields 6 in a similar way to the rods 5, e.g. by soldering, welding, clamping, gluing and/or screwing and are in particular electrically connected to the shields 6 or interconnected via them, wherein an electrical contact with shields 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 and thus with vapor shields inside the vacuum interrupter 2 can be created via springs 8, in the case of metallic shields 6.
  • Control elements 4 can be arranged in addition to rods 5 or as an alternative to rods 5, wherein the control elements 4 replace the rods 5.
  • the control elements 4 are e.g. directly attached to the shields 6 or attached via intermediate pieces that are particularly good electrical conductors.
  • rods 5 and/or control elements 4 in or on the carrier 3 is regular, e.g. along common longitudinal axes and/or at regular intervals, particularly parallel to one another.
  • an arrangement in or on the support 3 is offset from one another, i.e. between different pairs of screens 6, rods 5 and/or control elements 4 are located on different longitudinal axes, e.g. offset by equal distances or irregularly offset by different distances along the circumference of the support 3.
  • the rods 5 and/or control elements 4 can also be arranged obliquely, in particular on axes with an angle other than zero, e.g. 45 degrees, to the longitudinal axis of the support 3.
  • the carrier 3 is, for example, designed in the shape of a hollow cylinder, with an inner diameter that is larger, in particular millimeters to centimeters larger in circumference and/or diameter than the outer diameter of the vacuum interrupter 2.
  • the shape of a recess or the cavity inside the carrier 3 is, for example, complementary or essentially complementary to the outer shape of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular in the area of the ceramic segments 12, the metal shield 14, the shield elements 7 and at least one closure element 17 of the vacuum interrupter 2.
  • the carrier 3 is thus designed to spatially enclose the vacuum interrupter 2 and can, for example, be pushed over the vacuum interrupter 2 when assembling the arrangement 1.
  • a holder 15 or 16 in particular the first holder 15 of the fixed contact 10 of the vacuum interrupter 2, is mechanically connected to the carrier 3, for example elements of the carrier 3 such as, for example, B.
  • Rods 5 and/or control elements 4 are screwed, glued, soldered, welded or clamped to the holder 15 or 16.
  • the holder 15 or 16 can also be part of the carrier 3.
  • the cage-shaped carrier 3 or elements of the carrier such as B.
  • Rods 5 and/or control elements 4 are mechanically connected to the vacuum interrupter 2 via the holder 15 or are mechanically stably mounted around the vacuum interrupter 2.
  • the carrier 3 is open on the opposite side of the holder 15 or 16, which is mechanically stably connected to the carrier 3, for example, whereby the vacuum interrupter 2 can be pushed into the carrier during assembly of the arrangement 1 and can be fastened to the holder 15 or 16, for example by screwing, clamping and/or pushing the vacuum interrupter 2 with its particularly fixed contact 10 into the holder 15 or 16 on the carrier 3.
  • the opposite holder 15 or 16 is fastened to the vacuum interrupter 2 in a subsequent step of assembling or mounting the arrangement 1, this holder being designed as a hollow cylinder, for example, whereby the con- stroke 11 is movably mounted in the holder 15 or 16 .
  • the carrier 3 is, for example, as shown in Figure 7, arranged at a distance from the second holder 16 on the side of the vacuum interrupter 2 of the movable contact 11, or is mechanically firmly connected to the second holder 16, e.g. by screwing, clamping, gluing, welding and/or soldering elements of the carrier 3, such as rods 5 and/or control elements 4, in the second holder 16, which is not shown in Figure 7 for the sake of simplicity.
  • This enables a mechanical, long-term stable arrangement of the carrier 3 around the vacuum interrupter 2.
  • the control elements 4 of the carrier 3 are electrically connected to one another and to the vacuum interrupter 2, for example via the metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3 and the shield elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular via electrically conductive springs or Spring elements 8, via the metallic main shield 14, and/or e.g. via at least one holder 15, 16, in particular in connection with the contacts 10 and/or 11 of the vacuum interrupter 2. Further connection options can be provided, e.g. via electrically conductive intermediate pieces, electrical cables and/or metallic rods 5.
  • the control elements 4 are controlled and/or regulated, e.g. in a self-regulating manner or via an external electrical control and/or further electrical components such as e.g. resistors, diodes, coils, capacitors and/or semiconductor devices or semiconductor chips.
  • rods 5 and/or control r elements 4, which are each arranged between two shields 6, have the same length as, for example, ceramic segments 12 of the vacuum interrupter 2. Ceramic segments 12 have, for example, a length and a circumference in the range of centimeters.
  • Control elements 4 are, for example, capacitors 20 and/or resistors 19 in commercially available sizes, the capacitors being in particular ceramic capacitors, e.g. with values of the capacitance of individual capacitors in the range of 10 to 4000 pF. This results in a total capacitance of the arrangement in the range of e.g. 10 to 4000 pF.
  • Resistors are in particular ohmic resistors, e.g. with values of individual resistors in the range of a few ohms, or several hundred ohms, or several thousand ohms, or up to several hundred thousand ohms. This results in a total resistance in the range of a few ohms, or several hundred ohms, or several thousand ohms, or up to several hundred thousand ohms.
  • the control elements 4 have, for example, a cylindrical, rectangular, elliptical and/or shell shape.
  • the control elements 4 can be used to control voltages via vacuum interrupters 2.
  • Vacuum interrupters 2 can be connected in series, one behind the other, in particular for switching high voltages in the range of greater than or equal to 52 kV. Alternatively or additionally, vacuum interrupters 2 can be connected in parallel, in particular for switching high currents in the range of several hundred amperes.
  • Voltages can be uniform or different, predetermined, via the choice of control elements 4 and their connection to the vacuum interrupter 2 and/or vacuum switch tubes 2, and/or to elements of the vacuum interrupters 2, such as ceramic segments 12 of different lengths.
  • the arrangement of the control elements 4 on the vacuum interrupter 2 or the vacuum interrupters 2 via one or more supports 3 enables a compact, space-saving construction, which enables a cost-effective, spatially minimized housing, and in particular enables the use of insulating gases, such as clean air, ie purified air, with small or minimized and/or standard dimensions of housings.
  • control elements 4 are, for example, cylindrical in shape, with a circular or elliptical base. Other shapes are possible, e.g. rectangular, square or truncated cone-shaped control elements 4.
  • a control element 4 comprises the connected electrical components 18 arranged in a predetermined shape in a housing 24.
  • the housing 24 can, for example, be formed by a casting compound or be filled with a casting compound.
  • the casting compound comprises or is, for example, epoxy resin, silicone and/or polyurethane.
  • the housing 24 is, for example, hollow-cylindrical, as described above, and formed from one piece or from at least two shell elements 26, in particular at least two half-shell-shaped shell elements 26.
  • the electrical components 18 are arranged in the housing 24 in a predetermined form, in particular supported by at least one or more support elements 25, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the electrical components 18 are arranged in the housing 24 without support elements 25 in a dimensionally stable manner, e.g. stabilized by a previously described potting compound or self-stabilizing, e.g. in air or an insulating gas, e.g. SF 6 , C0 2 or clean air.
  • the electrical components 18 are arranged with or without support elements 25.
  • z elements 25 are pushed into the hollow-cylindrical housing 24, in particular in one piece.
  • control elements 4 can be assembled by arranging the shell elements 26 around the electrical components 18 with or without support elements 25, and e.g. casting, gluing, clamping, screwing, welding and/or soldering the shell elements 26 to one another.
  • the carrier 3 and/or the vacuum interrupter 2 can be cylindrical, with a circular cross-section, or other shapes, such as rectangular, cylindrical with an elliptical cross-section, or spherical.
  • the rods 5 can have the same or different lengths and/or cross-sections.
  • the cross-section can be circular, elliptical or rectangular, for example.
  • the rods 5 are made of a plastic, in particular GRP, a metal and/or Teflon, PCTFE, glass, and/or ceramic, for example.
  • the contacts 10, 11 are, for example, at least one fixed and at least one movable contact, or two movable contacts, made of, for example, copper, aluminum and/or steel, with a bolt-shaped part and a plate-shaped part.
  • the plate-shaped part is provided, for example, with slots on the surface to guide arcs.
  • a carrier 3 is arranged, for example, around a vacuum interrupter 2, or around several vacuum interrupters 2, in particular connected in series. Alternatively or additionally, several carriers 3 can be arranged around one another, and/or next to one another and/or one behind the other, in particular in the case of vacuum interrupters 2 connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • the vacuum interrupter 2 or vacuum interrupters 2 are mounted or held firmly, in particular at the ends, by one, two or more holders.
  • the carrier 3 is attached to at least one holder.
  • the carrier 3 is fixed, for example, by Springs, in particular electrically conductive springs 8.
  • the carrier 3 is mounted e.g. by direct contact of the shield elements 7 of the vacuum interrupter 2 and metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3, and/or by direct contact of metallic shields 6 of the carrier 3 and/or rods 5 with elements of the casing 9 of the vacuum interrupter 2, in particular ceramic segments 12, main shield 14 and/or closure elements
  • Electrical components 18 are, for example, electrical resistors 19, capacitors 20, in particular control capacitors, diodes 21, coils 22 and/or varistors 23.
  • Other electrical components are possible, e.g. semiconductor components, in particular transistors, integrated circuits, and/or photo and/or light-emitting diodes.
  • the components 18 are connected to one another, for example, by soldering, or by other means such as terminals, screw connections and/or via printed circuit boards.
  • Housing 24 and support elements 25 are made of or comprise the same or different materials, e.g. composite materials, in particular fiber composite materials, plastic, Teflon, PTFE, PCTFE, ceramic, and/or silicone.
  • Encapsulation compounds are made of or comprise, for example, epoxy resin, silicone, and/or polyurethane.
  • the interconnected electrical components 18 in the housing 24 arranged in a predetermined form, in particular in a helix, double helix and/or staircase form, e.g. straight or spiral staircase form, enable a compact construction of control elements 4 for arrangements 1 for switching voltages, in particular in the high voltage range of greater than or equal to 52 kV, e.g. with vacuum interrupters, in particular without the Danger of electrical arcing at high voltages.
  • the control elements 4 enable the vacuum interrupters to be switched off.
  • Commercially available, commercially available, inexpensive electrical components which are designed for low voltages, for example, can be used for high-voltage applications by being connected and arranged in a predetermined form, in particular in the control elements described above, in particular for switching off vacuum interrupters, which saves costs and enables simple replacement during maintenance, even over longer periods of time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de commande (4) pour des agencements (1) pour commuter des tensions et l'agencement correspondant (1), ayant des composants électriques (18), qui sont connectés les uns aux autres et agencés dans un boîtier commun (24), les composants électriques connectés (18) étant agencés dans le boîtier (24) sous une forme spécifiée. L'agencement comprend au moins un interrupteur à vide (2) et au moins un support (3) pour agencer au moins un élément de commande (4) sur l'au moins un interrupteur à vide (2), l'au moins un élément de commande (4) comprenant un boîtier (24) et une pluralité de composants électriques (18) disposés dans le boîtier (24) et étant compris par au moins un support (3).
PCT/EP2024/069323 2023-08-11 2024-07-09 Élément de commande et agencement pour commuter des tensions Pending WO2025036616A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP24740890.9A EP4732321A1 (fr) 2023-08-11 2024-07-09 Élément de commande et agencement pour commuter des tensions

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102023207757.4A DE102023207757A1 (de) 2023-08-11 2023-08-11 Steuerelement und Anordnung zum Schalten von Spannungen
DE102023207757.4 2023-08-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025036616A1 true WO2025036616A1 (fr) 2025-02-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2024/069323 Pending WO2025036616A1 (fr) 2023-08-11 2024-07-09 Élément de commande et agencement pour commuter des tensions

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4732321A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102023207757A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2025036616A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013208419A1 (de) 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum reversiblen Schalten von Wechselströmen bei Mittel- und Hochspannung
US20200161065A1 (en) * 2018-11-19 2020-05-21 S&C Electric Company Series vacuum interrupters with grading capacitors integrated in a molded switch housing
WO2023001492A1 (fr) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Interrupteur à vide et agencement comprenant des interrupteurs à vide, et procédé pour éteindre des interrupteurs à vide
DE102021207963A1 (de) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumschaltröhre zum Schalten von Spannungen
WO2023001505A1 (fr) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Interrupteur à vide, ensemble comprenant des interrupteurs à vide, et procédé de distribution d'une tension entre des interrupteurs à vide

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3678435A (en) * 1970-11-09 1972-07-18 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Electrical resistor
DE102016218316A1 (de) * 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschalter
DE102020200738A1 (de) * 2020-01-22 2021-07-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschalter

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013208419A1 (de) 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum reversiblen Schalten von Wechselströmen bei Mittel- und Hochspannung
US20200161065A1 (en) * 2018-11-19 2020-05-21 S&C Electric Company Series vacuum interrupters with grading capacitors integrated in a molded switch housing
WO2023001492A1 (fr) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Interrupteur à vide et agencement comprenant des interrupteurs à vide, et procédé pour éteindre des interrupteurs à vide
DE102021207963A1 (de) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vakuumschaltröhre zum Schalten von Spannungen
WO2023001505A1 (fr) * 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Interrupteur à vide, ensemble comprenant des interrupteurs à vide, et procédé de distribution d'une tension entre des interrupteurs à vide

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EP4732321A1 (fr) 2026-04-29
DE102023207757A1 (de) 2025-02-13

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