WO2025038005A1 - Installation de génération de chaleur et de froid - Google Patents

Installation de génération de chaleur et de froid Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025038005A1
WO2025038005A1 PCT/RU2024/000259 RU2024000259W WO2025038005A1 WO 2025038005 A1 WO2025038005 A1 WO 2025038005A1 RU 2024000259 W RU2024000259 W RU 2024000259W WO 2025038005 A1 WO2025038005 A1 WO 2025038005A1
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Prior art keywords
refrigerant
heat exchanger
cooling
circuit
cooled
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PCT/RU2024/000259
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Владимир Николаевич КОСТЮКОВ
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from RU2023121303A external-priority patent/RU2023121303A/ru
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Publication of WO2025038005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025038005A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of refrigeration and cryogenic engineering and can be used in refrigeration and cryogenic units, in heat pumps, in gas liquefaction units, in air separation units, in gas separation units, etc.
  • a gas refrigeration machine which can also be used as a heat pump.
  • the technical result achieved in this invention is an increase in the efficiency and productivity of refrigeration and cryogenic systems, including heat pumps and gas liquefaction plants, at least partially operating on a gas refrigeration cycle.
  • the heat and cold generation unit containing a cooling circuit with a cold generation device in the form of an expander, for example with an electric generator drive, or made in the form of an expander-compressor unit and a cooled medium circuit connected by means of heat exchange devices to the cooling circuit, a regulation, protection, control, start-up, and monitoring system, is characterized in that it contains a cooling circuit that is at least one open or closed circuit for the circulation of a refrigerant in the form of a gas or vapor, or a mixture of gaseous refrigerants, with suitable thermophysical properties, wherein the cooling circuit includes at least one quasi-isothermal expansion device, for example, at least one, at least, two-stage or two-cascade quasi-isothermal expander, for example a turbo expander, made with the possibility of partially supplying heat to the refrigerant during expansion, wherein in in an open cooling circuit, the outlet of the refrigerant from each stage, or from each cascade, of at least the high pressure of
  • the outlets of the stages of the quasi-isothermal expander are connected to different, at least two heat exchangers for supplying heat to the coolant, and the circuit of the cooled medium is divided into at least two parts, one of which is connected, with the possibility of removing heat from it, to a heat exchanger, for example a counter-current one, made between the stages, or cascades, of at least a two-stage quasi-isothermal expander, and the other part is connected, with the possibility of removing heat from it, to a heat exchanger, for example a counter-current one, made after the release of the coolant from the last stage or cascade of at least a two-stage quasi-isothermal expander.
  • a heat exchanger for example a counter-current one
  • the installation is distinguished by the fact that the regenerative, or recuperative, refrigerant heat exchanger, for example a counter-current one, is designed with the possibility of supplying heat to the low-pressure refrigerant and removing heat from the high-pressure refrigerant in the cooling circuit, in the part before the inlet to the first stage of the quasi-isothermal expander.
  • the regenerative, or recuperative, refrigerant heat exchanger for example a counter-current one, is designed with the possibility of supplying heat to the low-pressure refrigerant and removing heat from the high-pressure refrigerant in the cooling circuit, in the part before the inlet to the first stage of the quasi-isothermal expander.
  • the installation is distinguished by the fact that in the circuit of the cooled medium, and possibly also in the cooling circuit, at least one pre-cooling heat exchanger is provided, connected to at least one external cooling circuit, for example with a vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
  • the installation is distinguished by the fact that it contains at least two cooling cascades connected in parallel to the high- and low-pressure refrigerant lines and connected in series by temperature to the heat exchangers of the cooled medium circuit, wherein each of the cooling cascades contains at least one quasi-isothermal expander.
  • the installation is distinguished in that the supply of high-pressure refrigerant to the first stage of the quasi-isthermal expander, at least of the second, lower-temperature cooling stage, in the cooling circuit, is connected, with the possibility of removing heat from the high-pressure refrigerant, to a regenerative or recuperative refrigerant heat exchanger, for example a counter-current one, on the heat supply side, connected to the removal of low-pressure refrigerant from at least the second, lower-temperature stage of the cooling circuit, for example to a compressor.
  • a regenerative or recuperative refrigerant heat exchanger for example a counter-current one
  • the installation is characterized in that both circuits, the cooling circuit and the circuit of the cooled medium, are connected simultaneously, for example through a gas preparation device, to a high- or medium-pressure gas main, for example natural gas, wherein at the inlet to the cooling circuit, the high- or medium-pressure natural gas is connected by a pipeline to the inlet of a compressor, for example, at least a two-stage compressor with intermediate and final gas coolers, possibly implemented on the shaft of at least one quasi-isothermal expander, the outlet of the cooled gas from the compressor is connected to the inlet of the first expansion stage of the quasi-isothermal expander and, further, to the cooling heat exchanger of the cooled medium, and the outlet of the low-pressure refrigerant from the last expansion stage of the quasi-isothermal expander is connected through a heat exchanger in the circuit of the cooled medium, for example to the compressor and, or to the medium or low-pressure natural gas main, the outlet of the high- or medium-pressure natural gas from the lowest-temperature heat exchange
  • both circuits, the refrigerant circuit and the cooled medium circuit are connected simultaneously, for example through a device gas preparation, to a high- or medium-pressure gas main, for example natural gas, wherein at the inlet to the cooling circuit, high- or medium-pressure natural gas is connected to the inlet of at least one quasi-isothermal expander, and the outlet of, for example, uncondensed gas from a liquefied gas separator and the outlet of low-pressure refrigerant in the cooling circuit from the last expansion stage of at least one quasi-isothermal expander, through, for example, a series of heat exchangers of the cooled medium circuit with the possibility of sequentially supplying heat to the natural gas - and, for example, to the low-pressure stripping gas are connected to a compressor, for example to the first stage of a two-stage compressor with intermediate and final gas coolers, possibly formed on the shaft of at least one quasi-isothermal expander, wherein the outlet of compressed and cooled gas from the compressor
  • the installation is distinguished in that the refrigerant circuit and the cooled medium circuit are connected simultaneously to the same source of gas, for example air, wherein in the refrigerant circuit the air is connected to the inlet, for example, of a two-stage or two-cascade compressor with intermediate and final air coolers, possibly implemented on the shaft of at least one quasi-isothermal expander, wherein the outlet from the final cooler of the compressor is divided by pipelines, for example, into three parts, one part, for example the first, as a cooled and liquefied medium, is connected through a pre-cooling heat exchanger, with the possibility of removing heat to a cooling heat exchanger, after which the pipeline with this part of the gas can be mounted in a low-temperature heat exchanger, also with the possibility of removing heat.
  • gas for example air
  • the air is connected to the inlet, for example, of a two-stage or two-cascade compressor with intermediate and final air coolers, possibly implemented on the shaft of at least one quasi-isothermal expander
  • the circuit of the cooled medium may contain a regenerative or recuperative heat exchanger for additional cooling, at the outlet of which the pipeline with the first part of the gas is connected to an expansion device, for example in the form of a throttle valve, the outlet of which is connected to a liquefied gas separator, while the outlet of the uncondensed gas is sequentially connected by a pipeline with the possibility of supplying heat, first, to the regenerative or recuperative heat exchanger for additional cooling, after which connected to a low-temperature heat exchanger, then to a cooling heat exchanger, then to a pre-cooling heat exchanger, after the outlet from which the heated uncondensed gas is connected to the outlet from the cycle, or is connected to the inlet of the compressor, wherein the second part of the gas, for example high-pressure air, as a refrigerant of the first, high-temperature cooling circuit is connected to the first stage of one quasi-isothermal expander, the outlet of the cooled refrigerant from which is connected by a pipeline, with the
  • the installation is distinguished by the fact that both circuits, the refrigerant circuit and the circuit of the cooled medium, are connected simultaneously to a high- or medium-pressure gas line, for example natural gas, while the outlet from the high- or medium-pressure gas line is divided into three parts, one part, as cooled and/or liquefied medium, is supplied to the circuit of the cooled medium, another part, as a coolant, is supplied to the first, high-temperature cooling circuit, including at least a pre-cooling heat exchanger, and a third part of the gas, as a coolant of the second, lower-temperature cooling circuit, is connected, possibly through a regenerative coolant heat exchanger, to another, lower-temperature quasi-isothermal expander and to at least one low-temperature heat exchanger.
  • a high- or medium-pressure gas line for example natural gas
  • the outlet from the high- or medium-pressure gas line is divided into three parts, one part, as cooled and/or liquefied medium, is supplied to the circuit of the
  • the installation is distinguished by the fact that the cooling circuit contains two circuits, for example with their own compressors, wherein one cooling circuit with a refrigerant or a mixture of refrigerants, for example in the form of methane gas, after being released from the end cooler of the methane compressor, possibly through a pre-cooling heat exchanger with an external, for example vapor-compression cooling cycle, is connected to the inlet of the first stage of one quasi-isothermal expander, the outlet of the refrigerant from which is supplied, with the possibility of removing heat from the cooled medium, for example from pre-treated natural gas, to a heat exchanger for deeper cooling, and possibly partial liquefaction, of the cooled medium, the outlet of the heated refrigerant (methane) from which is supplied to the second expansion stage of the same quasi-isothermal expander, the outlet of the cooled refrigerant from which is connected by a low-pressure refrigerant line.
  • the outlet of the heated low-pressure refrigerant from this low-pressure refrigerant line is connected to the inlet of the methane compressor, while in the second cooling circuit, the refrigerant, for example nitrogen, after the nitrogen compressor aftercooler is supplied by a pipeline, for example through a pre-cooling heat exchanger, to a recuperative or regenerative refrigerant heat exchanger, with the ability to remove heat from the refrigerant, for example high-pressure nitrogen.
  • a recuperative (regenerative) refrigerant heat exchanger with the ability to remove heat from the high-pressure refrigerant, wherein the outlet of the low-pressure
  • Figure 1 Installation for generating heat and cold as a gas refrigeration unit and/or heat pump with two cooling heat exchangers.
  • FIG. 1 Installation for generating heat and cold as a refrigeration plant with a closed gas refrigeration cycle.
  • FIG. 4 Gas refrigeration and/or heat pump unit with four stages of refrigerant expansion in a quasi-isothermal expansion device with four stages of refrigerant expansion and compression, forming four cooling circuits in a heat exchanger for cooling the cooled medium.
  • FIG. 1 Installation for generating heat and cold as an installation for liquefying natural gas using the energy of gas pressure in the gas pipeline.
  • Figure 6. Installation for generating heat and cold as an installation for liquefying natural gas using the energy of gas pressure in the gas pipeline, in an expander-compressor unit.
  • Figure 7. Installation for generating heat and cold as an installation for liquefying low-boiling gas, such as hydrogen.
  • FIG. 8 Schematic diagram of a heat and cold generation plant as a gas liquefaction plant, such as air.
  • FIG. 9 Schematic diagram of a heat and cold generation plant as a natural gas liquefaction plant with methane (left) and nitrogen (right) external cooling circuits.
  • the heat and cold generation unit comprises a circuit of a cooled medium 1 and a cooling circuit 2, including a quasi-isothermal expander 3, the first expansion stage 4 of which is connected via a cooling heat exchanger 5 of the cooled medium to a second expansion stage 6, the outlet of the gas - refrigerant from which is connected, also with the possibility of supplying heat to the refrigerant, via a low-pressure line 7 to the same cooling heat exchanger 5, or to an additional cooling heat exchanger 8, or to a regenerative refrigerant heat exchanger 9, or is directly directed into the circuit of the cooled medium 1.
  • the circuit of the cooled medium 1 may also contain a compressor 10, for example with an intermediate 11 and an aftercooler 12, a heat exchanger for preliminary cooling of the cooled medium 13, a low-temperature heat exchanger 14, the circuit of the cooled medium 1 may contain a throttle valve 15, possibly through a regenerative heat exchanger for additional cooling 16, connected to a liquefied gas separator 17, may also contain a preliminary cooling circuit with a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle 18, a second cooling circuit 19 with a compressor 20, a separator 21, a high- or medium-pressure natural gas main 22, a gas preparation device 23, an engine 24, a low-temperature quasi-isothermal expander 25, a low-pressure gas main 26, a refrigeration chamber 27, a circulation fan 28.
  • a compressor 10 for example with an intermediate 11 and an aftercooler 12
  • a heat exchanger for preliminary cooling of the cooled medium 13 a low-temperature heat exchanger 14
  • the circuit of the cooled medium 1 may contain a throttle valve 15, possibly through a regenerative heat exchanger for additional
  • the heat and cold generation plant operates as follows.
  • a gaseous refrigerant such as nitrogen, helium, methane, etc.
  • a gaseous refrigerant is fed to the input of the first stage of compressor 10, compressed in it, after which it is cooled in the intermediate cooler 11, then compressed in the second stage of compressor 10 and cooled in the final cooler 12, after which the refrigerant is fed to the quasi-isothermal expander 3, expands in the first expansion stage 4, for example, rotating compressor 10, while the refrigerant is cooled and enters the cooling heat exchanger 5, in which the refrigerant is heated, removing heat from part of the cooled medium.
  • a gaseous refrigerant such as nitrogen, helium, methane, etc.
  • the refrigerant heated in this way is fed to the second stage 6 of the expansion of the quasi-isothermal expander 3, expands in it, for example, rotating the compressor 10 and at the same time cools again, after which it is fed to the additional cooling heat exchanger 8, heats up in it, cooling the second part of the cooled medium in the circuit of the cooled medium 1 and is fed to the input of the compressor 10, in which it is compressed again. Then the cycle is repeated.
  • the heat taken from the refrigerant in the intermediate 1 1 and final 12 coolers of the compressor 10 can be usefully used for various purposes.
  • the cooled refrigerant can be supplied to the low-pressure refrigerant line 7, made in the cooling heat exchanger 5 (Fig. 2), where the refrigerant is heated and supplied to the compressor 10.
  • the refrigerant expanded in the first stage 4 of the quasi-isothermal expander 3 is also heated in this cooling heat exchanger 5 and enters the second expansion stage 6.
  • the refrigerant flow through the compressor 10 decreases, and the power of the second expansion stage 6 of the quasi-isothermal expander 3 increases, which increases the efficiency and refrigeration capacity of the plant.
  • the unit can operate on an open gas refrigeration cycle (Fig. 3).
  • the unit When the unit is operating, after the expansion of the coolant, for example air, in the first expansion stage 4 of the quasi-isothermal expander 3, the cooled air is fed to the cooling heat exchanger 5, is heated in it, cooling part of the air supplied, due to the operation of the circulation fan 28, from the refrigeration chamber 27, after which it enters the second expansion stage 6 quasi-isothermal expander 3, finally expands, rotating the load - compressor 10, after which the newly cooled refrigerant - air is supplied to the refrigeration chamber 27.
  • the coolant for example air
  • part of the low-pressure refrigerant from the refrigeration chamber 27 is supplied to the regenerative heat exchanger 9, cools the return flow of refrigerant - high-pressure air in it, after which it is supplied to the compressor 10 and compressed. Then the cycle is repeated.
  • the installation may contain a quasi-isothermal expansion device with several, for example, four, cascades of expansion/compression of the refrigerant, formed by four quasi-isothermal expander-compressors 3 (Fig. 4) installed in series as the refrigerant expands.
  • the refrigerant is compressed in the compressor 10 due to the operation of the engine 24, cooled in the intermediate cooler 11, after which the refrigerant is compressed in a cascade of compressors with intermediate coolers 11 and one final cooler 12, made as part of the quasi-isothermal expander-compressors 3.
  • the refrigerant compressed in this way is fed to the first expansion stage 4 of the high-pressure quasi-isothermal expander-compressor 3.
  • the refrigerant is fed to the cooling heat exchanger 5, where it is heated by the flow of the cooled medium.
  • the refrigerant expands and cools in the second and subsequent expansion stages formed by the next three quasi-isothermal expander-compressors 3.
  • 3 additional cooling circuits 2 are formed in the cooling heat exchanger 5, which reduces the consumption of the refrigerant in the cycle and reduces the size of the regenerative heat exchanger 9.
  • the coolant heated in the intermediate coolers 11 and the final cooler 12 can be used for heating and hot water supply in the heat pump cycle.
  • the release of the refrigerant from the second stage 6 of the expansion of the quasi-isothermal expander 3 can be supplied via the low-pressure line 7 to the cooling heat exchanger 5 made between the stages of the quasi-isothermal expander 3 (Fig. 5).
  • the entire flow of the cooled medium in the circuit of the cooled medium 1 passes through the cooling heat exchanger 5.
  • Each quasi-isothermal expander 3 and 25 in the installation, for example, for liquefying natural gas (Fig. 5) can be, through the gas preparation device 23, is connected to the high- or medium-pressure natural gas main 22.
  • part of the natural gas is fed into the cooling circuit 2 as a coolant, where it is divided into two parts, one part of the coolant expands in the quasi-isothermal expander 3 of the first, higher-temperature cooling cascade.
  • the other part of the coolant is fed, through the regenerative coolant heat exchanger 9, into the low-temperature quasi-isothermal expander 25 of the second, lower-temperature cascade of the cooling circuit 2.
  • the portion of the natural gas supplied from the main line 22 to the circuit of the cooled medium 1 is successively cooled in the heat exchangers 5 by the reverse flows of the refrigerant of the first and second stages of the cooling circuit 2, then fed through the regenerative heat exchanger of additional cooling 16, where it is additionally cooled, into the throttle valve 15, expands in it, while being cooled again and fed to the liquefied gas separator 17, from where the liquid fraction of the gas is supplied to the consumer, and the uncondensed portion of the natural gas (boil-off gas) can be successively heated, first in the regenerative heat exchanger of additional cooling 16, and then in other heat exchangers of the circuit of the cooled medium 1.
  • Quasi-isothermal expanders 3 and 25, executed on the shaft of the compressor 10, constitute the expander-compressor unit (Fig. 6).
  • gas from the high- or medium-pressure natural gas main 22 is fed to the inlet of the compressor 10, is compressed in it and fed to the inlet of the quasi-isothermal expanders 3 and 25 of the first and second cooling stages, in the cooling circuit 2, in which it expands with the performance of work and is cooled.
  • the natural gas as a refrigerant is heated in the cooling circuit 2, taking heat from another part of the natural gas, in the circuit of the cooled medium 1 and is fed to the low-pressure gas main 26 and, further, to the consumer of natural gas, possibly together with uncondensed (boiling) gas, or is again compressed in the compressor (not shown in the drawing) and fed to the high- or medium-pressure natural gas main 22.
  • the installation may contain several, for example, three cooling circuits 2, 18 and 19, sequentially, as the temperature decreases, connected via heat exchangers to the circuit of the cooled medium 1 (Fig. 7). In this case, the cooled medium.
  • gaseous hydrogen is fed to the pre-cooling heat exchanger 13, where it is cooled by a refrigerant, such as propane, circulating in the vapor compression cycle of the pre-cooling circuit 18, after which it enters the cooling heat exchanger 5 as part of the cooling circuit 2, where it is additionally cooled, for example by nitrogen, which is cooled during expansion in the cascade of quasi-isothermal expanders 3 and in the throttle valve 15.
  • a refrigerant such as propane
  • nitrogen which is cooled during expansion in the cascade of quasi-isothermal expanders 3 and in the throttle valve 15.
  • Final cooling and liquefaction occurs in the low-temperature heat exchanger 14, connected to the cascade of low-temperature quasi-isothermal expanders 25, in which the low-boiling refrigerant, such as helium, expands. After which the hydrogen expands in the expansion device and is separated in the separator 17.
  • the fuel preparation device 23 for example, in the form of a filter, is fed to the input of the first stage of compressor 10 and compressed, then cooled in the intermediate cooler 11 and divided into two parts, one part enters the circuit of the cooled medium 1, cooled in the pre-cooling heat exchanger 13, after which it is cooled in the cooling heat exchanger 5, then cooled in the low-temperature heat exchanger 15, after which it is cooled in the regenerative heat exchanger of additional cooling 16, then expands in the throttle valve 15 and is fed to the liquefied gas separator 17, from which the liquefied gas is fed to the consumer, and the uncondensed gas is successively heated in the heat exchangers of the circuit of the cooled medium and removed from the cycle, or is fed to the input of compressor 10.
  • the other part of the air is compressed to a higher pressure in the second stage of compressor 10, cooled in the end cooler 12 and is fed to the cooling circuit 2, in the form of a coolant.
  • the coolant is divided into two parts.
  • One part of the coolant is fed to the pre-cooling circuit, in which it expands in the quasi-isothermal expander 3 and cools the air in the pre-cooling heat exchanger 13, after which the coolant (air) heated to a temperature close to the ambient temperature enters the inlet the second stage of the compressor 10 and is again compressed in it.
  • Another part of the refrigerant from the aftercooler 12 of the compressor 10 is fed to the regenerative refrigerant heat exchanger 9, cooled in it and fed to the first expansion stage 4 of another low-temperature quasi-isothermal expander 25, expands in it with the performance of work and cools, after which it is fed to the low-temperature heat exchanger 14, takes heat from the cooled medium (air) in the cooling circuit 1. It is heated and fed to the second expansion stage 6 of the quasi-isothermal expander 3, performing work and cooling.
  • the low-pressure refrigerant (air) enters the regenerative refrigerant heat exchanger 9, cools the return flow of the high-pressure refrigerant (air) and with a temperature close to the ambient temperature is fed to the input of the second compression stage of the compressor 10 and is again compressed in it. Then the cycle is repeated.
  • pre-treated natural gas is fed into the pre-cooling heat exchanger 13 and cooled as a result of heat removal, into the pre-cooling circuit with the vapor compression refrigeration cycle 18, after which it is cooled in the cooling heat exchanger 5, as a result of heat removal from the natural gas to the return flow of the refrigerant, for example methane, after the expansion and cooling of the methane in the first 4 and second 6 expansion stages of the quasi-isothermal expander 3 in the second external cooling circuit 19, connected to its own methane compressor 20.
  • the refrigerant (methane) can also pass through the pre-cooling heat exchanger 13.
  • Natural gas cooled to the condensation temperature of heavy hydrocarbons after being released from the cooling heat exchanger 5, is fed to the heavy hydrocarbon separator 21, the condensate of heavy hydrocarbons from which is fed to the consumer, and uncondensed natural gas is fed to the low-temperature heat exchanger 14, where heat is removed from it by the reverse flow of refrigerant, for example, nitrogen, circulating in the cooling circuit 2.
  • refrigerant for example, nitrogen
  • the refrigerant (nitrogen) from the aftercooler 12 of the compressor 10 is fed, possibly through the precooling heat exchanger 13, to the regenerative refrigerant heat exchanger 9, cooled in it by the return flow of low-pressure nitrogen and fed to the first expansion stage 4 of the low-temperature quasi-isothermal expander 25 of the nitrogen cooling circuit 2.
  • the nitrogen expands with the performance of work and is cooled.
  • the low-temperature heat exchanger 14 after which it is fed to the low-temperature heat exchanger 14, takes heat from the cooled medium (natural gas) in the cooling circuit 1, heats up and is fed to the second expansion stage 6 of the low-temperature quasi-isothermal expander 25, doing work and cooling down. Then the low-pressure nitrogen enters the regenerative refrigerant heat exchanger 9, cools the return flow of the high-pressure refrigerant (nitrogen), after which it can be heated in the pre-cooling heat exchanger 13. Next, low-pressure nitrogen with a temperature close to the ambient temperature is fed to the inlet of the compressor 10 and is again compressed in it. Then the cycle is repeated.
  • the use of this invention will increase the efficiency and cooling capacity of refrigeration and heat pump units, liquefaction units for various gases, including hydrogen, air separation units, etc., at least in the part of the cycle using a gaseous refrigerant or a mixture of refrigerants.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte au domaine des techniques de réfrigération et de cryogénie. L'installation de génération de chaleur et de froid comprend un circuit de refroidissement avec un détendeur-appareil de compression, un circuit de milieu réfrigérant venant se connecter au circuit de refroidissement via des appareils d'échange de chaleur, ainsi qu'un système de régulation, de protection, de commande, de lancement et de contrôle. Le détendeur-appareil de compression peut comporter un actionneur de générateur électrique et comporter deux étages, et le circuit de refroidissement peut être fermé ou ouvert. La sortie d'agent réfrigérant de chaque étage du détendeur est connectée à un échangeur de chaleur correspondant, et dans le circuit de refroidissement ouvert, la sortie de l'agent de réfrigération est reliée directement au milieu à refroidir. Il est possible de réaliser un échange de chaleur par récupération entre les étages du détendeur, et lesdits circuits peuvent être connectés à une même source de gaz. L'invention permet d'augmenter le coefficient d'efficacité de systèmes de réfrigération et de cryogénie.
PCT/RU2024/000259 2023-08-14 2024-08-13 Installation de génération de chaleur et de froid Pending WO2025038005A1 (fr)

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RU2023121303 2023-08-14
RU2023121303A RU2023121303A (ru) 2023-08-14 Установка генерации тепла и холода

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WO2025038005A1 true WO2025038005A1 (fr) 2025-02-20

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1404764A1 (ru) * 1986-07-16 1988-06-23 Центральный научно-исследовательский и проектно-экспериментальный институт промышленных зданий и сооружений Установка дл отоплени и охлаждени помещений
RU2062964C1 (ru) * 1992-10-14 1996-06-27 Хагенук Фарцойгклима ГмбХ Способ комбинированного получения холода и тепла для кондиционирования помещения и установка для его осуществления
RU2183802C1 (ru) * 2001-08-09 2002-06-20 Крылов Борис Анатольевич Способ получения холода и тепла в экологически чистой газовой холодильной установке и увеличения холодильного и отопительного коэффициентов

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU1404764A1 (ru) * 1986-07-16 1988-06-23 Центральный научно-исследовательский и проектно-экспериментальный институт промышленных зданий и сооружений Установка дл отоплени и охлаждени помещений
RU2062964C1 (ru) * 1992-10-14 1996-06-27 Хагенук Фарцойгклима ГмбХ Способ комбинированного получения холода и тепла для кондиционирования помещения и установка для его осуществления
RU2183802C1 (ru) * 2001-08-09 2002-06-20 Крылов Борис Анатольевич Способ получения холода и тепла в экологически чистой газовой холодильной установке и увеличения холодильного и отопительного коэффициентов

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