WO2025054561A1 - Technologies de mesure des émissions de gaz à effet de serre chez les ruminants après l'administration d'additifs alimentaires - Google Patents

Technologies de mesure des émissions de gaz à effet de serre chez les ruminants après l'administration d'additifs alimentaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025054561A1
WO2025054561A1 PCT/US2024/045734 US2024045734W WO2025054561A1 WO 2025054561 A1 WO2025054561 A1 WO 2025054561A1 US 2024045734 W US2024045734 W US 2024045734W WO 2025054561 A1 WO2025054561 A1 WO 2025054561A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cattle
greenhouse gas
farm operation
gas emissions
cattle farm
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Pending
Application number
PCT/US2024/045734
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English (en)
Inventor
Sara KVIDERA
Kevin DHUYVETTER
Jessica GILREATH
Darren MCGEE
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Elanco US Inc
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Elanco US Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to AU2024336371A priority Critical patent/AU2024336371A1/en
Publication of WO2025054561A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025054561A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/32—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from hydrolysates of wood or straw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/195—Antibiotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N20/00—Machine learning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/018—Certifying business or products
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • G06Q50/26—Government or public services
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism

Definitions

  • a method for managing a carbon footprint of a cattle farm operation having a cattle herd comprising one or more cattle type may include receiving, by a server computer and for a reference time period of the cattle farm operation, feed ingredient usage data for each cattle type of the cattle herd, wherein the feed ingredient usage data includes an amount of feed provided for each cattle type of the cattle heard and identification of a feed additive included in the feed, and wherein the feed additive is configured to reduce an amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by each cattle of the cattle herd that consumes the feed.
  • the method may also include determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation using a model of total controllable greenhouse gas emissions with the feed ingredient usage data as an input to the model. Additionally, the method may include requesting, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, a carbon credit based on the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation.
  • the feed additive may be embodied as monensin. Additionally or alternatively, the feed additive may be embodied as 3-nitrooxypropanol.
  • the greenhouse gas emissions may include methane.
  • the cattle herd may include dairy cattle and/or beef cattle.
  • the feed additive may be configured to reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions produced by each cattle of the cattle herd that consumes the feed by reducing enteric fermentation of each cattle. Additionally or alternatively, the feed additive may be configured to reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions produced by each cattle of the cattle herd that consumes the feed by decreasing dry matter intake (DMI) of each cattle.
  • DMI dry matter intake
  • the amount of feed provided for each cattle type comprises a plurality of ingredients and a corresponding amount of each ingredient of the plurality of ingredients.
  • the method may further comprise receiving, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, utility usage data indicative of an amount of a utility service used by the cattle farm operation.
  • determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation using the model of total controllable greenhouse gas emissions with (i) the feed ingredient usage data and (ii) the utility usage data as inputs to the model.
  • receiving the utility usage data may include receiving a percentage of usage of the utility service used for dairy operations of the cattle farm operation.
  • the method may include receiving, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, herd demographics data indicative of the population and breed of the cattle herd.
  • determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation using the model of total controllable greenhouse gas emissions with (i) the feed ingredient usage data, (ii) the utility usage data, and (iii) the herd demographics data as inputs to the model.
  • receiving the herd demographics data may include receiving sales data indicative of a number of cattle sold from the cattle herd.
  • the method may further include receiving, by a server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, milk production data that identifies an amount of milk type produced by each lactating cattle type of the cattle herd.
  • determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation comprises determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation using the model of total controllable greenhouse gas emissions with (i) the feed ingredient usage data, (ii) the utility usage data, (iii) the herd demographics data, and (iv) the milk production data as inputs to the model.
  • determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to feed cultivation of the dairy farm operation and determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation based on the estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to feed cultivation.
  • determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to enteric fermentation of the cattle herd and determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation based on the estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to enteric fermentation of the cattle herd.
  • determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to manure management of the cattle farm operation and determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation based on the estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to manure management of the cattle farm operation.
  • determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to utility usage of the cattle farm operation and determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation based on the estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to utility usage of the cattle farm operation.
  • determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to feed cultivation of the dairy farm operation; determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to enteric fermentation of the cattle herd; determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to manure management of the cattle farm operation; determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to utility usage of the cattle Elanco Ref.: X30348 WO-1 Docket No.78045-414057 farm operation; and determining, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation based on (i) the estimated amount of greenhouse gas emission due to feed cultivation
  • determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include allocating the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions between milk production operations of the cattle farm operation and meat production operations of the cattle farm operation. In such embodiments, determining the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may further include allocating utility usage indicative of an amount of utility service used by the cattle farm operation based on cattle type of the cattle herd.
  • requesting the carbon credit may include determining a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions based on the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation and a baseline greenhouse gas emissions amount.
  • the method may also include requesting, by the server computer and for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, the carbon credit based on the determined reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
  • the method may include generating greenhouse gas emissions metrics based on the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions and displaying the greenhouse gas emissions metrics to a user.
  • the greenhouse gas emissions metrics may include indicia of a comparison of the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the reference time period and a prior time period.
  • the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions may include a plurality of greenhouse gas emission types and wherein the greenhouse gas emissions metrics identifies an amount of each greenhouse gas emission type.
  • a server computer for managing a carbon footprint of a cattle farm operation having a cattle herd comprising one or more cattle type may include a processor and a memory having stored therein a plurality of instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the server computer to receive, for a reference time period of the cattle farm operation, feed ingredient usage data for each cattle type of the cattle herd, wherein the feed ingredient usage data includes an amount of feed provided for each cattle type of the cattle heard and identification of a feed additive included in the feed, and wherein the feed additive is configured to reduce an amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced by each cattle of the cattle herd that consumes the feed.
  • the plurality of instructions may further cause the server computer to determine, for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, an estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation using a model of total controllable greenhouse gas emissions with the feed ingredient usage data as an input to the model. Additionally, the plurality of instructions may further cause the server computer to request, for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, a carbon credit based on the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation.
  • the feed additive may be embodied as monensin. Additionally or alternatively, the feed additive may be embodied as 3-nitrooxypropanol.
  • the greenhouse gas emissions may include methane.
  • the cattle herd may include dairy cattle and/or beef cattle.
  • the feed additive may be configured to reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions produced by each cattle of the cattle herd that consumes the feed by reducing enteric fermentation of each cattle. Additionally or alternatively, the feed additive may be configured to reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions produced by each cattle of the cattle herd that consumes the feed by decreasing dry matter intake (DMI) of each cattle.
  • DMI dry matter intake
  • the amount of feed provided for each cattle type comprises a plurality of ingredients and a corresponding amount of each ingredient of the plurality of ingredients.
  • the plurality of instructions may further cause the server computer to receive, for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, utility usage data indicative of an amount of a utility service used by the cattle farm operation.
  • to determine the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include to determine the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation using the model of total controllable Elanco Ref.: X30348 WO-1 Docket No.78045-414057 greenhouse gas emissions with (i) the feed ingredient usage data and (ii) the utility usage data as inputs to the model.
  • to receive the utility usage data may include to receive a percentage of usage of the utility service used for dairy operations of the cattle farm operation.
  • the plurality of instructions may further cause the server computer to receive, for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, herd demographics data indicative of the population and breed of the cattle herd.
  • to determine the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include to determine the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation using the model of total controllable greenhouse gas emissions with (i) the feed ingredient usage data, (ii) the utility usage data, and (iii) the herd demographics data as inputs to the model.
  • to receive the herd demographics data may include to receive sales data indicative of a number of cattle sold from the cattle herd.
  • the plurality of instructions may further cause the server computer to receive, for the reference time period of the cattle farm operation, milk production data that identifies an amount of milk type produced by each lactating cattle type of the cattle herd.
  • to determine the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include to determine the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation using the model of total controllable greenhouse gas emissions with (i) the feed ingredient usage data, (ii) the utility usage data, (iii) the herd demographics data, and (iv) the milk production data as inputs to the model.
  • to determine the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may include to allocate the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions between milk production operations of the cattle farm operation and meat production operations of the cattle farm operation.
  • to determine the estimated total amount of controllable greenhouse gas emissions for the cattle farm operation may further include to allocate utility usage indicative of an amount of utility service used by the cattle farm operation based on cattle type of the cattle herd.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des technologies de mesure des émissions de gaz à effet de serre chez les ruminants après l'administration d'additifs alimentaires qui comprennent la réception, par un ordinateur serveur et pendant une période de référence de l'opération d'élevage de bétail, de données d'utilisation d'ingrédients d'alimentation pour chaque type de bétail. Les données d'utilisation d'ingrédients d'alimentation comprennent une quantité d'alimentation fournie pour chaque type de bétail et l'identification d'un additif alimentaire inclus dans l'alimentation. L'additif alimentaire est conçu pour réduire une quantité d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre produites par chaque bête du cheptel qui consomme l'alimentation. L'ordinateur serveur détermine également, pour la période de référence de l'opération d'élevage de bétail, une quantité totale estimée d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre pouvant être régulées pour l'opération d'élevage de bétail à l'aide d'un modèle d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre pouvant être régulées totales avec les données d'utilisation d'ingrédients d'alimentations en tant qu'entrée dans le modèle, qui peut être utilisé pour demander un crédit carbone.
PCT/US2024/045734 2023-09-06 2024-09-06 Technologies de mesure des émissions de gaz à effet de serre chez les ruminants après l'administration d'additifs alimentaires Pending WO2025054561A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2024336371A AU2024336371A1 (en) 2023-09-06 2024-09-06 Technologies for measuring greenhouse gas emissions in ruminants following administration of feed additives

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202363536816P 2023-09-06 2023-09-06
US63/536,816 2023-09-06

Publications (1)

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WO2025054561A1 true WO2025054561A1 (fr) 2025-03-13

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2024/045734 Pending WO2025054561A1 (fr) 2023-09-06 2024-09-06 Technologies de mesure des émissions de gaz à effet de serre chez les ruminants après l'administration d'additifs alimentaires
PCT/US2024/045531 Pending WO2025054414A1 (fr) 2023-09-06 2024-09-06 Procédés de mesure des émissions de gaz à effet de serre chez les ruminants après l'administration d'additifs alimentaires

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PCT/US2024/045531 Pending WO2025054414A1 (fr) 2023-09-06 2024-09-06 Procédés de mesure des émissions de gaz à effet de serre chez les ruminants après l'administration d'additifs alimentaires

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AU (2) AU2024338720A1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2025054561A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8307785B2 (en) * 2008-05-23 2012-11-13 C-Lock, Inc. Method and system for monitoring and reducing ruminant methane production
US20160324188A1 (en) * 2014-01-02 2016-11-10 Alltech, Inc. Systems and methods for estimating feed efficiency and carbon footprint for meat producing animal
US9980995B2 (en) * 2014-01-21 2018-05-29 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Method for reducing total gas production and/or methane production in a ruminant animal
US20220015390A1 (en) * 2019-04-12 2022-01-20 Locus Ip Company, Llc Pasture Treatments for Enhanced Carbon Sequestration and Reduction in Livestock-Produced Greenhouse Gas Emissions
WO2022145792A1 (fr) * 2020-12-28 2022-07-07 전북대학교산학협력단 Procédé et système de certification de la réduction d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre et de négociation de crédits de carbone à l'aide d'informations concernant le bétail
KR20230118019A (ko) * 2022-02-03 2023-08-10 박지환 가축의 사료 급이량 관리 방법

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010123571A2 (fr) * 2009-04-21 2010-10-28 Haas, John, I. Compositions d'aliment pour animaux et procédés d'alimentation
CA2835743C (fr) * 2011-05-26 2019-07-09 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Utilisation d'une composition alimentaire pour animaux pour reduire les emissions de methane par les ruminants, et/ou ameliorer le rendement des ruminants
KR101656929B1 (ko) * 2014-06-02 2016-09-13 씨제이제일제당 (주) 반추동물의 메탄 생성 저감용 사료 첨가제 조성물
WO2019056051A1 (fr) * 2017-09-22 2019-03-28 4 Season Company Pty Ltd Complément alimentaire réduisant les émissions

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8307785B2 (en) * 2008-05-23 2012-11-13 C-Lock, Inc. Method and system for monitoring and reducing ruminant methane production
US20160324188A1 (en) * 2014-01-02 2016-11-10 Alltech, Inc. Systems and methods for estimating feed efficiency and carbon footprint for meat producing animal
US9980995B2 (en) * 2014-01-21 2018-05-29 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation Method for reducing total gas production and/or methane production in a ruminant animal
US20220015390A1 (en) * 2019-04-12 2022-01-20 Locus Ip Company, Llc Pasture Treatments for Enhanced Carbon Sequestration and Reduction in Livestock-Produced Greenhouse Gas Emissions
WO2022145792A1 (fr) * 2020-12-28 2022-07-07 전북대학교산학협력단 Procédé et système de certification de la réduction d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre et de négociation de crédits de carbone à l'aide d'informations concernant le bétail
KR20230118019A (ko) * 2022-02-03 2023-08-10 박지환 가축의 사료 급이량 관리 방법

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WO2025054414A1 (fr) 2025-03-13
AU2024338720A1 (en) 2026-03-12
AU2024336371A1 (en) 2026-03-12

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