WO2025087565A1 - Écoute avant transmission adaptative de saut de fréquence à bande étroite - Google Patents

Écoute avant transmission adaptative de saut de fréquence à bande étroite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025087565A1
WO2025087565A1 PCT/EP2024/059723 EP2024059723W WO2025087565A1 WO 2025087565 A1 WO2025087565 A1 WO 2025087565A1 EP 2024059723 W EP2024059723 W EP 2024059723W WO 2025087565 A1 WO2025087565 A1 WO 2025087565A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lbt
channel
channels
parameter
network node
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PCT/EP2024/059723
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English (en)
Inventor
Sebastian Max
Charlie PETTERSSON
Leif Wilhelmsson
Rocco Di Taranto
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Publication of WO2025087565A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025087565A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H04B1/715—Interference-related aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A) or DMT
    • H04L5/0012—Hopping in multicarrier systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
    • H04L5/0092—Indication of how the channel is divided
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
    • H04B1/715—Interference-related aspects
    • H04B2001/7154—Interference-related aspects with means for preventing interference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0058—Allocation criteria
    • H04L5/0073—Allocation arrangements that take into account other cell interferences
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and in particular, to a dynamic Listen-before Talk (LBT) operation for narrow-band frequency hopping systems.
  • LBT Listen-before Talk
  • LBT listen before talk
  • FH frequency hopping
  • CSMA/CA-based LBT Before a transmission can be initiated, the transmitter listens on the channel to determine whether the channel is idle or if there is already another transmission ongoing (also referred to as “Carrier Sense”). If the channel is found to be idle, the transmission can be initiated. If the channel is found to be busy, the transmitter must defer from transmitting. To reduce the probability that two or more devices transmit at the same time, the channel sensing duration may be randomized, and the range of the duration is adapted based on recent transmission success rates (also referred to as “Collision Avoidance”).
  • CSMA/CA-based LBT is used by different variants of the Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, commonly referred to as Wi-Fi. It is also employed by standards developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) operating in the 5 GHz band, e.g., New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U).
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical Engineers
  • Wi-Fi Third Generation Partnership Project
  • FH is the approach used by, for example, Bluetooth.
  • CSMA/CA-based LBT or FH is not obvious, but typically LBT is the preferred approach if the channel bandwidth to be used is relatively large, e.g., 20 MHz or more, and the required usage of the channel is very dynamic with a lot of variance.
  • FH is well suited for narrowband systems where the occupied bandwidth is much less (e.g., on the order of 1 or 2 MHz) and a predictable, deterministic channel usage is required.
  • both CSMA/CA-based LBT and FH can be viewed as effective spectrum sharing mechanisms, each typically only works well if all devices are using the same spectrum sharing mechanism, i.e., if all devices either apply LBT or use FH.
  • a wideband system using LBT may detect a narrowband transmission and defer from transmitting, even though such a transmission may have been successful without causing any noticeable harm to the narrowband system.
  • the wideband system may not detect a narrowband system, since the average sensed power within the wideband channel is relatively low, and then initiate a transmission that potentially can result in harmful interference to the narrowband system.
  • Bluetooth has developed support for adaptive FH (AFH), whereby Bluetooth devices identify channels with high interference and then adapt the hopping pattern used for FH such that these channels are no longer used. Furthermore, as the assumption is that the interference originates from Wi-Fi, all frequencies coinciding with the overlapping 20 MHz Wi-Fi channel are also removed from the hopping pattern. As a result, eventually Bluetooth devices vacate the spectrum used by Wi-Fi. In Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), additional specific measures are taken to limit the interference to WiFi by only using three channels for the initial link establishment, and these three channels are selected such that they will not overlap with the three most commonly used Wi-Fi channels (Wi Fi Channels 1, 6 and 11).
  • BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
  • AFH may be an effective coexistence mechanism in some cases, but it is limited by being relatively slow to adapt. For example, it takes time to determine whether a frequency channel should be considered as occupied by another system and therefore should not be used, and also to determine when it is no longer occupied so that it may be used again. How long this takes may also depend on how much the channel is used, and it can be expected that if a channel is only used, e.g., 10% of the time, many FH transmissions may be needed in order to determine that in fact the channel is occupied. During this time, the impact on the wideband system may be non-negligible.
  • FH-LBT frequency -hopping LBT
  • FH-LBT can be combined with AFH, i.e., the system remembers that channels have been sensed as occupied regularly, and then removes them completely from the hopping pattern. Adding FH-LBT to AFH may speed up the convergence of AFH to unoccupied spectrum, as not only reception errors trigger a removal of a channel from the hopping pattern. Furthermore, even before convergence, the FH system is more careful not to interfere with the wideband system as it backs off its transmission if it detects the channel as occupied. Of course, the time it takes until the FH-LBT converges introduces additional delay to the narrowband system because it will skip transmission opportunities every time the FH-LBT detects a channel that is still in the hopping pattern as busy.
  • FH-LBT and AFH may only be effective when it is possible to converge to some channels that are free from interference.
  • the FH-LBT will eventually classify all narrowband channels as unusable such that the FH system may be unable to operate.
  • Wi-Fi may use 80 MHz, 160 MHz, 320 MHz, or even larger channel sizes in the future.
  • APs Wi-Fi Access Points
  • AFH may fail to identify available channels due to Wi-Fi's occupancy, and Bluetooth has to fall back to using a minimum number of remaining, interfered channels, limiting its performance.
  • the performance of the Wi-Fi networks may also be impacted, as a device/system may detect the Bluetooth transmissions and defer from transmitting due to its LBT procedure or else may be interfered by the Bluetooth transmissions.
  • Some embodiments advantageously provide methods, systems, and apparatuses for a dynamic Listen-before Talk (LBT) operation for narrow-band frequency hopping systems.
  • LBT Listen-before Talk
  • Embodiments described herein relate to adapting the LBT parameters depending on the current channel hop configuration. If the set of channels is large or covers a large total bandwidth, the LBT may be adapted to be more careful, e.g., by adjusting the threshold for energy detection or the duration for channel sensing. If the set of channels is small or covers a small total bandwidth, the LBT may be adapted to be less sensitive by, e.g., adjusting the same thresholds. Consequently, the aggressiveness of the channel access may depend on the overall resource consumption and may result in an efficient weighting of channel usage and traffic requirements.
  • Some embodiments may allow for a simple yet efficient way for a narrow-band frequency hopping system to share the available license-exempt spectrum with a wideband system, without the risk of being too aggressive or too mild and thus not sharing the resources in a fair manner.
  • the some embodiments might not require any changes to the wideband system, providing a feasible approach to operate with legacy wideband systems.
  • FIG. l is a schematic diagram of an example network architecture illustrating a communication system according to principles disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a network node in communication with a wireless device over a wireless connection according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an example process in a network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example process in a wireless device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of an example deployment scenario
  • FIG. 6 is an example diagram of Bluetooth packet delay performance
  • FIG. 7 is another example diagram of Bluetooth packet delay performance
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of an example power density spectrum measured by a Bluetooth link.
  • FIG. 9 is an diagram of an example of a FH-LBT Energy Detect Threshold (EDT) based on the channel hopping size according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • EDT Energy Detect Threshold
  • relational terms such as “first” and “second,” “top” and “bottom,” and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or element from another entity or element without necessarily requiring or implying any physical or logical relationship or order between such entities or elements.
  • the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the concepts described herein.
  • the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
  • the joining term, “in communication with” and the like may be used to indicate electrical or data communication, which may be accomplished by physical contact, induction, electromagnetic radiation, radio signaling, infrared signaling or optical signaling, for example.
  • electrical or data communication may be accomplished by physical contact, induction, electromagnetic radiation, radio signaling, infrared signaling or optical signaling, for example.
  • Coupled may be used herein to indicate a connection, although not necessarily directly, and may include wired and/or wireless connections.
  • network node can be any kind of network node comprised in a radio network which may further comprise any of base station (BS), radio base station, base transceiver station (BTS), base station controller (BSC), radio network controller (RNC), g Node B (gNB), evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB), Node B, multistandard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, multi-cell/multicast coordination entity (MCE), relay node, donor node controlling relay, radio access point (AP), transmission points, transmission nodes, Remote Radio Unit (RRU) Remote Radio Head (RRH), a core network node (e.g., mobile management entity (MME), self-organizing network (SON) node, a coordinating node, positioning node, MDT node, etc.), an external node (e.g., 3rd party node, a node external to the current network), nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), a spectrum access system (SAS) node
  • BS base station
  • the network node may also comprise test equipment.
  • the term “radio node” used herein may be used to also denote a wireless device (WD) such as a wireless device (WD) or a radio network node.
  • the network node may also comprise test equipment.
  • the network node may comprise a radio router, a radio transceiver, WiFi access point, wireless local area network (WLAN) access point, a network controller, a Bluetooth transceiver, etc.
  • the non-limiting terms wireless device (WD) or a user equipment (UE) are used interchangeably.
  • the device may be and/or comprise an access point (AP) station (STA).
  • the device may be and/or comprise a non-access point station (non-AP STA)
  • the WD herein can be any type of wireless device capable of communicating with a network node or another WD over radio signals, such as wireless device (WD).
  • the WD may also be a radio communication device, target device, device to device (D2D) WD, machine type WD or WD capable of machine to machine communication (M2M), low-cost and/or low- complexity WD, a sensor equipped with WD, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), an Internet of Things (loT) device, or a Narrowband loT (NB-IOT) device etc.
  • D2D device to device
  • M2M machine to machine communication
  • M2M machine to machine communication
  • Tablet mobile terminals
  • smart phone laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles
  • CPE Customer Premises Equipment
  • LME Customer Premises Equipment
  • NB-IOT Narrowband loT
  • IEEE 802.11 denotes a set of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) air interface standards developed by the IEEE 802.11 committee for short-range communications (e.g., tens of meters to a few hundred meters).
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • Some embodiments may also be supported by standard documents disclosed in Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technical specifications. That is, some embodiments of the description can be supported by the above documents.
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • wireless systems such as, for example, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th Generation (5G) and/or New Radio (NR)may be used in this disclosure, this should not be seen as limiting the scope of the disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
  • Other wireless systems including without limitation Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), may also benefit from exploiting the ideas covered within this disclosure.
  • WCDMA Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access
  • WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • the general description elements in the form of “one of A and B” corresponds to A or B.
  • at least one of A and B corresponds to A, B or AB, or to one or more of A and B, or one or both of A and B.
  • at least one of A, B and C corresponds to one or more of A, B and C, and/or A, B, C or a combination thereof.
  • functions described herein as being performed by a wireless device or a network node may be distributed over a plurality of wireless devices and/or network nodes.
  • the functions of the network node and wireless device described herein are not limited to performance by a single physical device and, in fact, can be distributed among several physical devices.
  • Some embodiments are directed to a dynamic LBT operation for narrow-band frequency hopping systems.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of a communication system 10, according to an embodiment, such as a wireless local area network (WLAN) that may support standards such as, for example, IEEE 802.11 and/or Bluetooth and/or other non-cellular standards/specifications, which comprises an access network 12, such as a radio access network.
  • the access network 12 comprises a plurality of network nodes 16a, 16b, 16c (referred to collectively as network nodes 16), or other types of wireless access points, each defining a corresponding coverage area 18a, 18b, 18c (referred to collectively as coverage areas 18).
  • a first wireless device (WD) 22a located in coverage area 18a is configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, the corresponding network node 16a.
  • a second WD 22b in coverage area 18b is wirelessly connectable to the corresponding network node 16b. While a plurality of WDs 22a, 22b (collectively referred to as wireless devices 22) are illustrated in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a sole WD is in the coverage area or where a sole WD is connecting to the corresponding network node 16. Note that although only two WDs 22 and three network nodes 16 are shown for convenience, the communication system may include many more WDs 22 and network nodes 16.
  • network nodes 16 are illustrated as some kind of base stations and the wireless devices are illustrated as some kind of phone, the invention and its principle are by no means limited to such apparatuses and structures.
  • the network nodes 16 can be any kind of apparatuses including radio interface etc. as for example demonstrated with reference to Fig. 2 and may operate under suitable communication standard.
  • the network node 16 will be a Central Device (previously known as Master Device) and the wireless device 22 will be a Peripheral Device (previously known as Slave Device).
  • the belonging to either NN 16 or WD 22 can depend on a role that the respective apparatus takes rather than a specific structure of the device.
  • the NN 16 and the WD 22 may inherently have different structures for other contexts such as for traditional cellular systems as specified e.g., under the 3 GPP, or other contexts where devices are dedicated to a certain hierarchical level (nodeB, base station, access point, etc. vs. UE, terminal, (non-AP) station, etc.) of a communication system.
  • a WD 22 can be in simultaneous communication and/or configured to separately communicate with more than one network node 16 and more than one type of network node 16.
  • a network node 16 is configured to include a network node (NN) coexistence unit 24 which is configured to perform one or more network node 16 functions described herein, including functions related to a dynamic LBT operation for narrow-band frequency hopping systems.
  • a wireless device 22 is configured to include a wireless device (WD) coexistence unit 26 which is configured to perform one or more wireless device 22 functions described herein, including functions related to a dynamic LBT operation for narrow-band frequency hopping systems.
  • a first system may comprise one or more network nodes 16 communicating with one or more wireless devices 22 using a first standard, e.g., Wi-Fi.
  • a second system may comprise one or more network nodes 16 communicating with one or more wireless devices 22 using a second standard different from the first standard, e.g., Bluetooth.
  • Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the WD 22 and network node 16 discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the communication system 10 includes a network node 16a provided in a communication system 10 and including hardware 28 enabling it to communicate with the WD 22.
  • the hardware 28 may include a radio interface 30 for setting up and maintaining at least a wireless connection 32 with a WD 22 located in a coverage area 18 served by the network node 16.
  • the radio interface 30 may be formed as or may include, for example, one or more RF transmitters, one or more RF receivers, and/or one or more RF transceivers.
  • the radio interface 30 includes an array of antennas 34 to radiate and receive signal(s) carrying electromagnetic waves.
  • the hardware 28 of the network node 16 further includes processing circuitry 36.
  • the processing circuitry 36 may include a processor 38 and a memory 40.
  • the processing circuitry 36 may comprise integrated circuitry for processing and/or control, e.g., one or more processors and/or processor cores and/or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) and/or ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuitry) adapted to execute instructions.
  • the processor 38 may be configured to access (e.g., write to and/or read from) the memory 40, which may comprise any kind of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, e.g., cache and/or buffer memory and/or RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and/or optical memory and/or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • the memory 40 may comprise any kind of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, e.g., cache and/or buffer memory and/or RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and/or optical memory and/or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • the network node 16 further has software 42 stored internally in, for example, memory 40, or stored in external memory (e.g., database, storage array, network storage device, etc.) accessible by the network node 16 via an external connection.
  • the software 42 may be executable by the processing circuitry 36.
  • the processing circuitry 36 may be configured to control any of the methods and/or processes described herein and/or to cause such methods, and/or processes to be performed, e.g., by network node 16.
  • Processor 38 corresponds to one or more processors 38 for performing network node 16 functions described herein.
  • the memory 40 is configured to store data, programmatic software code and/or other information described herein.
  • the software 42 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 38 and/or processing circuitry 36, causes the processor 38 and/or processing circuitry 36 to perform the processes described herein with respect to network node 16.
  • processing circuitry 36 of the network node 16 may include a NN coexistence unit 24, which is configured to perform one or more network node 16 functions described herein, including functions related to a dynamic LBT operation for narrow-band frequency hopping systems.
  • the communication system 10 further includes the WD 22 already referred to.
  • the WD 22 may have hardware 44 that may include a radio interface 46 configured to set up and maintain a wireless connection 32 with one or more network nodes 16a, 16b serving a coverage area 18 in which the WD 22 is currently located.
  • the radio interface 46 may be formed as or may include, for example, one or more RF transmitters, one or more RF receivers, and/or one or more RF transceivers.
  • the radio interface 46 includes an array of antennas 48 to radiate and receive signal(s) carrying electromagnetic waves.
  • the hardware 44 of the WD 22 further includes processing circuitry 50.
  • the processing circuitry 50 may include a processor 52 and memory 54.
  • the processing circuitry 50 may comprise integrated circuitry for processing and/or control, e.g., one or more processors and/or processor cores and/or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array) and/or ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuitry) adapted to execute instructions.
  • the processor 52 may be configured to access (e.g., write to and/or read from) memory 54, which may comprise any kind of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, e.g., cache and/or buffer memory and/or RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and/or optical memory and/or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • memory 54 may comprise any kind of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory, e.g., cache and/or buffer memory and/or RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or ROM (Read-Only Memory) and/or optical memory and/or EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory).
  • the WD 22 may further comprise software 56, which is stored in, for example, memory 54 at the WD 22, or stored in external memory (e.g., database, storage array, network storage device, etc.) accessible by the WD 22.
  • the software 56 may be executable by the processing circuitry 50.
  • the software 56 may include a client application 58.
  • the client application 58 may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via the WD 22.
  • the processing circuitry 50 may be configured to control any of the methods and/or processes described herein and/or to cause such methods, and/or processes to be performed, e.g., by WD 22.
  • the processor 52 corresponds to one or more processors 52 for performing WD 22 functions described herein.
  • the WD 22 includes memory 54 that is configured to store data, programmatic software code and/or other information described herein.
  • the software 56 and/or the client application 58 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 52 and/or processing circuitry 50, causes the processor 52 and/or processing circuitry 50 to perform the processes described herein with respect to WD 22.
  • the processing circuitry 50 of the wireless device 22 may include a WD coexistence unit 26 which is configured to perform one or more wireless device 22 functions described herein, including functions related to a dynamic LBT operation for narrow-band frequency hopping systems.
  • the inner workings of the network node 16 and WD 22 may be as shown in FIG. 2 and independently, the surrounding network topology may be that of FIG. 1.
  • the wireless connection 32 between the WD 22 and the network nodes 16a, 16b is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. More precisely, the teachings of some of these embodiments may improve the data rate, latency, and/or power consumption and thereby provide benefits such as reduced user waiting time, relaxed restriction on file size, better responsiveness, extended battery lifetime, etc. In some embodiments, a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show various “units,” such as NN coexistence unit 24, WD coexistence unit 26, as being within a respective processor, it is contemplated that these units may be implemented such that a portion of the unit is stored in a corresponding memory within the processing circuitry. In other words, the units may be implemented in hardware or in a combination of hardware and software within the processing circuitry.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an example process in a network node 16 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • One or more blocks described herein may be performed by one or more elements of network node 16 such as by one or more of processing circuitry 36 (including the NN coexistence unit 24), processor 38, and/or radio interface 30.
  • Network node 16 is configured to adjust at least one frequency-hopping listen-before-talk, FH-LBT, parameter of a FH-LBT procedure based on at least one channel resource usage parameter (Block SI 00).
  • Network node 16 is configured to transmit based on the FH-LBT procedure (Block SI 02).
  • the at least one FH-LBT parameter includes at least one of an energy detection threshold; a duration for sensing the channel bandwidth conditions; and a transmission duration for transmitting after sensing that a channel is idle.
  • the at least one channel resource usage parameter includes at least one of a count of a plurality of channels of a frequency hopping configuration; a frequency delta between a highest channel of the plurality of channels and a lowest channel of the plurality of channels; and a transmission priority value.
  • the at least one FH-LBT parameter is adjusted based on which wideband channels are covered by a plurality of channels in a channel hopping set.
  • the FH-LBT procedure corresponds to a plurality of channels, and the at least one FH-LBT parameter is adjusted for a subset of the plurality of channels.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example process in a wireless device 22 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • One or more blocks described herein may be performed by one or more elements of wireless device 22 such as by one or more of processing circuitry 50 (including the WD coexistence unit 26), processor 52, and/or radio interface 46.
  • Wireless device 22 is configured to adjust at least one frequency-hopping listen-before-talk, FH-LBT, parameter of a FH-LBT procedure based on at least one channel resource usage parameter (Block SI 04).
  • Wireless device 22 is configured to transmit based on the FH-LBT procedure (Block SI 06).
  • the at least one FH-LBT parameter includes at least one of: an energy detection threshold; a duration for sensing the channel bandwidth conditions; and a transmission duration for transmitting after sensing that a channel is idle.
  • the at least one channel resource usage parameter includes at least one of: a count of a plurality of channels of a frequency hopping configuration; a frequency delta between a highest channel of the plurality of channels and a lowest channel of the plurality of channels; and a transmission priority value.
  • the at least one FH-LBT parameter is adjusted based on which wideband channels are covered by a plurality of channels in a channel hopping set.
  • the FH-LBT procedure corresponds to a plurality of channels, and the at least one FH-LBT parameter is adjusted for a subset of the plurality of channels.
  • One or more network node 16 functions described below may be performed by one or more of processing circuitry 36, processor 38, NN coexistence unit 24, WD coexistence unit 26, etc.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of such a scenario, where the narrow-band frequency-hopping is represented by a Bluetooth link, and the wideband radio systems are represented by Wi-Fi links.
  • the available license-exempt spectrum is, in total, 480 MHz (corresponding to the lower 6 GHz band, 5945 MHz to 6425 MHz), and each Wi-Fi link uses one of the available, non-overlapping 160 MHz channels defined by, e.g., the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • each Wi-Fi link uses one of the available, non-overlapping 160 MHz channels defined by, e.g., the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • the Bluetooth link uses FH-LBT to detect the channel condition before every transmission, 1/3 of the time it has to defer from the channel access and delay its transmission to the next channel access opportunity, and in 2/3 of the time it will find the channel as idle and start the transmission.
  • FIG. 6 shows the corresponding Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDFs) of the packet delay, assuming a channel switch time of 10 ms and a packet size of 320 B.
  • the Bluetooth link may eventually hop to a channel, according to its hopping pattern, that is detected as idle by the FH-LBT, and then transmits successfully. As shown in FIG. 6, in some cases this can take up to four attempts (i.e., 40 ms delay), and in some cases it is possible that it requires four or more attempts.
  • the Bluetooth link may rarely be able to detect the channel as idle (only with a small probability if the FH-LBT is in coincidence with a frame gap of the WiFi link); hence, the Bluetooth link is over saturated by the load of the application (320 B every 20 ms), and it cannot meet the required throughput anymore.
  • the performance of the Bluetooth link might improve if FH- LBT is combined with AFH.
  • the packet delay is equal to the case where no interference at all is present: the packet delay consists only of the ⁇ 3 ms required for the data transmission itself, there is no delay due to skipping a busy channel.
  • this strategy fails if the wideband systems use all available spectrum, and the Bluetooth link's AFH reduces its channel hopping set to a minimum.
  • not all channels can be considered equally "busy" from the viewpoint of the Bluetooth link. If the center or right-hand Wi-Fi link transmits, then the received power at the Bluetooth link is, due to the small distance, much larger than if the left-hand Wi-Fi link transmits (which is at a larger distance).
  • An example power density spectrum might look like as depicted in FIG. 8: In the first third, the measured power is -58dBm/MHz, -71dBm/MHz in the middle third, and -55dBm/MHz in the last third.
  • EDT energy detection threshold
  • ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
  • EN Harmonized European Standard
  • Embodiments described herein may address this issue whereby the narrow-band frequency hopping system (e.g., via a network node 16 and/or wireless device 22) adapts its FH-LBT parameters depending on the used channel bandwidth
  • FIG. 9 depicts FH-LBT Energy Detect Threshold (EDT) based on the channel hopping size. If the total bandwidth that is used for the channel hopping (i.e., the channel hopping size) corresponds to the complete spectrum (480 MHz), then the EDT that determines if a channel is observed as idle or busy is -80 dBm/MHz.
  • EDT FH-LBT Energy Detect Threshold
  • the Bluetooth link is allowed to operate in the middle 160 MHz of the spectrum, without being blocked by the third Wi-Fi link.
  • this is not only beneficial for the Bluetooth link, which is able to transmit without delay, but also advantageous for the Wi-Fi systems.
  • Wi-Fi can predict its interference more reliably and then avoid using this part of the spectrum, for example by changing the used channel or by employing puncturing.
  • channel hopping size and the EDT shown in FIG. 9 is just one example.
  • the depicted shape of the curve (here: linear with 0 MHz / -50dBm, 480 MHz / -80dBm) is intended as a visualization of the principle, and the shape may vary between other embodiments while still achieving the benefits described herein.
  • Other shapes (for example, step-wise) and other values might be selected to promote a fair sharing of the license-exempt spectrum between the different systems.
  • some embodiments may, in addition to or instead of the relationship between channel hopping size and EDT as described above, use other options to tune the aggressiveness of the FH-LBT (e.g., via a network node 16 and/or wireless device 22).
  • Some embodiments may use a dynamic adaptation of other FH-LBT's parameters is also conceivable, for example, which may:
  • Adapt the maximum transmission duration after observing the channel as idle For example, it might be required to transmit at most for 1 ms, or to check for an idle channel again after 1 ms of transmission.
  • the FH-LBT becomes less aggressive if the maximum transmission duration is shortened and more checks of the channel have to be done.
  • the listening duration of the FH-LBT ranging from only a few ps to several tens of ps.
  • the FH-LBT becomes less aggressive if a longer duration of channel listening duration has to be performed, since during the whole time the received power may be required to be below the EDT.
  • the adaptation of the FH-LBT's parameters may be based on the resource usage of the narrow-band frequency hopping link.
  • the resource usage can be measured, for example, by the following parameters of the channel hopping configuration:
  • the adaptation may be such that the less the sum bandwidth is, the more aggressive the FH-LBT parameters can be used.
  • the adaptation may be such that the less the total bandwidth covered by the frequency hopping, the more aggressive the FH-LBT parameters can be used.
  • the FH-LBT may be forced to used less aggressive parameters if these parts are included in the hopping set. This motivates the AFH to prune the channel hopping set such that few of the parts critical for wideband operation are covered.
  • the parameters of the FH-LBT are adapted (e.g., via a network node 16 and/or wireless device 22) only in some parts of the used frequency spectrum. For example, instead of completely removing from the hopping list those channels that are used more intensively by Wi-Fi, a Bluetooth device might be permitted to use these channels with a very sensitive energy detection threshold and long listening duration. Other channels that are used less often by Wi-Fi are used with the default, or even more aggressive, FH-LBT parameters.
  • more sensitive LBT implies that the requirements for declaring the channel to be available for transmission is higher, e.g. the used energy detection threshold is lower than for a more aggressive LBT, and, correspondingly, where less sensitive LBT (more aggressive LBT) implies that the requirements for declaring the channel to be available for transmission is lower, e.g. the used energy detection threshold is higher than for the less aggressive LBT (more sensitive LBT).
  • the specific settings of the FH-LBT's parameters and their dependence to the current resource usage may preferably be standardized, similar to how the parameters for the Wi-Fi wideband LBT are standardized by, e.g., the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • Example 1 A spectrum sharing mechanism for a narrow-band frequency hopping system employing listen-before talk, where at least one of the parameters of the listen-before-talk determining the aggressiveness of the channel access is adjusted depending on at least one parameters of the current channel hopping configuration.
  • Example 2 As in Example 1, where the parameter of the listen-before-talk to be adjusted is one of, or a combination of: a. the energy detection threshold; b. the duration of channel sensing; and c. the duration of the transmission after sensing the channel as idle.
  • Example 3 As in Example 1, where the parameters of the channel hopping configuration is one of, or a combination of: a. the count of the channels in the hopping configuration; b. the frequency delta between the highest channel and the lowest channel; c. the urgency of the data that is to be delivered; and d. the specific wideband channels covered by the hopping configuration.
  • Example 4 As in any one of Examples 1-3, where the parameters of the listen- before-talk are adjusted only in a part of the available spectrum.
  • the concepts described herein may be embodied as a method, data processing system, computer program product and/or computer storage media storing an executable computer program. Accordingly, the concepts described herein may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects all generally referred to herein as a “circuit” or “module.” Any process, step, action and/or functionality described herein may be performed by, and/or associated to, a corresponding module, which may be implemented in software and/or firmware and/or hardware. Furthermore, the disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on a tangible computer usable storage medium having computer program code embodied in the medium that can be executed by a computer. Any suitable tangible computer readable medium may be utilized including hard disks, CD-ROMs, electronic storage devices, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory or storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
  • Computer program code for carrying out operations of the concepts described herein may be written in an object oriented programming language such as Python, Java® or C++.
  • the computer program code for carrying out operations of the disclosure may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language.
  • the program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer.
  • the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • Internet Service Provider for example, AT&T, MCI, Sprint, EarthLink, MSN, GTE, etc.
  • a network node configured to communicate with a wireless device, the network node being configured to, and/or comprising a radio interface and/or comprising processing circuitry configured to: adjust at least one frequency-hopping listen-before-talk, FH-LBT, parameter of a FH-LBT procedure based on at least one channel resource usage parameter; and transmit based on the FH-LBT procedure.
  • FH-LBT frequency-hopping listen-before-talk
  • processing circuitry configured to: adjust at least one frequency-hopping listen-before-talk, FH-LBT, parameter of a FH-LBT procedure based on at least one channel resource usage parameter; and transmit based on the FH-LBT procedure.
  • Embodiment A2 The network node of Embodiment Al, wherein the at least one FH-LBT parameter includes at least one of: an energy detection threshold; a duration for sensing the channel bandwidth conditions; and a transmission duration for transmitting after sensing that a channel is idle.
  • Embodiment A3 The network node of Embodiment Al, wherein the at least one channel resource usage parameter includes at least one of: a count of a plurality of channels of a frequency hopping configuration; a frequency delta between a highest channel of the plurality of channels and a lowest channel of the plurality of channels; and a transmission priority value.
  • Embodiment A4 The network node of Embodiment Al, wherein the at least one FH-LBT parameter is adjusted based on which wideband channels are covered by a plurality of channels in a channel hopping set.
  • Embodiment A5. The network node of Embodiment Al, wherein the FH-LBT procedure corresponds to a plurality of channels, and the at least one FH-LBT parameter is adjusted for a subset of the plurality of channels.
  • Embodiment Bl A method implemented in a network node that is configured to communicate with a wireless device, the method comprising: adjusting at least one frequency-hopping listen-before-talk, FH-LBT, parameter of a FH-LBT procedure based on at least one channel resource usage parameter; and transmitting based on the FH-LBT procedure.
  • FH-LBT frequency-hopping listen-before-talk
  • Embodiment B2 The method of Embodiment Bl, wherein the at least one FH-LBT parameter includes at least one of: an energy detection threshold; a duration for sensing the channel bandwidth conditions; and a transmission duration for transmitting after sensing that a channel is idle.
  • Embodiment B3 The method of Embodiment B 1 , wherein the at least one channel resource usage parameter includes at least one of: a count of a plurality of channels of a frequency hopping configuration; a frequency delta between a highest channel of the plurality of channels and a lowest channel of the plurality of channels; and a transmission priority value.
  • Embodiment B4 The method of Embodiment Bl, wherein the at least one parameter is adjusted based on which wideband channels are covered by a plurality of channels in a channel hopping set.
  • Embodiment B5 The method of Embodiment Bl, wherein the FH-LBT procedure corresponds to a plurality of channels, and the at least one FH-LBT parameter is adjusted for a subset of the plurality of channels.
  • Embodiment CL A wireless device configured to communicate with a network node, the wireless device being configured to, and/or comprising a radio interface and/or comprising processing circuitry configured to: adjust at least one frequency-hopping listen-before-talk, FH-LBT, parameter of a FH-LBT procedure based on at least one channel resource usage parameter; and transmit based on the FH-LBT procedure.
  • FH-LBT frequency-hopping listen-before-talk
  • processing circuitry configured to: adjust at least one frequency-hopping listen-before-talk, FH-LBT, parameter of a FH-LBT procedure based on at least one channel resource usage parameter; and transmit based on the FH-LBT procedure.
  • Embodiment C2 The wireless device of Embodiment Cl, wherein the at least one FH-LBT parameter includes at least one of: an energy detection threshold; a duration for sensing the channel bandwidth conditions; and a transmission duration for transmitting after sensing that a channel is idle.
  • Embodiment C3 The wireless device of Embodiment Cl, wherein the at least one channel resource usage parameter includes at least one of: a count of a plurality of channels of a frequency hopping configuration; a frequency delta between a highest channel of the plurality of channels and a lowest channel of the plurality of channels; and a transmission priority value.
  • Embodiment C4 The wireless device of Embodiment Cl, wherein the at least one parameter is adjusted based on which wideband channels are covered by the a plurality of channels in a channel hopping set.
  • Embodiment C5. The wireless device of Embodiment Cl, wherein the FH- LBT procedure corresponds to a plurality of channels, and the at least one FH-LBT parameter is adjusted for a subset of the plurality of channels.
  • Embodiment DI A method implemented in a wireless device that is configured to communicate with a network node, the method comprising: adjusting at least one frequency-hopping listen-before-talk, FH-LBT, parameter of a FH-LBT procedure based on at least one channel resource usage parameter; and transmitting based on the FH-LBT procedure.
  • Embodiment D2 The method of Embodiment DI, wherein the at least one FH-LBT parameter includes at least one of: an energy detection threshold; a duration for sensing the channel bandwidth conditions; and a transmission duration for transmitting after sensing that a channel is idle.
  • Embodiment D3 The method of Embodiment DI, wherein the at least one channel resource usage parameter includes at least one of: a count of a plurality of channels of a frequency hopping configuration; a frequency delta between a highest channel of the plurality of channels and a lowest channel of the plurality of channels; and a transmission priority value.
  • Embodiment D4 The method of Embodiment DI, wherein the at least one parameter is adjusted based on which wideband channels are covered by a plurality of channels in a channel hopping set.
  • Embodiment D5. The method of Embodiment DI, wherein the FH-LBT procedure corresponds to a plurality of channels, and the at least one FH-LBT parameter is adjusted for a subset of the plurality of channels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé, un système et un appareil sont divulgués. Dans un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple, l'invention propose un nœud de réseau configuré pour communiquer avec un dispositif sans fil. Le nœud de réseau est configuré pour ajuster au moins un paramètre d'écoute avant transmission de saut de fréquence, FH-LBT, d'une procédure FH-LBT sur la base d'au moins un paramètre d'utilisation de ressource de canal. Le nœud de réseau est configuré pour transmettre sur la base de la procédure FH-LBT.
PCT/EP2024/059723 2023-10-23 2024-04-10 Écoute avant transmission adaptative de saut de fréquence à bande étroite Pending WO2025087565A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200275484A1 (en) * 2018-08-09 2020-08-27 Ofinno, Llc Cell and Channel Access For Wide Bandwidth
WO2023072395A1 (fr) * 2021-10-28 2023-05-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Transmission d'un signal avec saut de fréquence en présence d'interférences à large bande

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200275484A1 (en) * 2018-08-09 2020-08-27 Ofinno, Llc Cell and Channel Access For Wide Bandwidth
WO2023072395A1 (fr) * 2021-10-28 2023-05-04 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Transmission d'un signal avec saut de fréquence en présence d'interférences à large bande

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