WO2025099501A1 - Pistolet semi-automatique - Google Patents

Pistolet semi-automatique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025099501A1
WO2025099501A1 PCT/IB2024/053548 IB2024053548W WO2025099501A1 WO 2025099501 A1 WO2025099501 A1 WO 2025099501A1 IB 2024053548 W IB2024053548 W IB 2024053548W WO 2025099501 A1 WO2025099501 A1 WO 2025099501A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bolt
barrel
pistol
protrusion
groove
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/IB2024/053548
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stanislav FROLOV
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tilenin Serhii
Original Assignee
Tilenin Serhii
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tilenin Serhii filed Critical Tilenin Serhii
Publication of WO2025099501A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025099501A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/54—Bolt locks of the unlocked type, i.e. being inertia operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • F41A5/04—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated the barrel being tilted during recoil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/02—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated
    • F41A5/06—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock recoil-operated the barrel being rotated about its longitudinal axis during recoil

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of small arms, particularly to automatic handguns, and can be used, primarily but not exclusively, in design of pistols, particularly semi-automatic pistols of classical layout, with magazine in the grip, barrel moving at the time of firing, and automatic action based on the use of bolt recoil energy.
  • said recoil creates a force that acts to rotate the weapon around the center of mass of the weapon and its base (which, in the case of small arms, is the shooter), resulting in vertical rising and lateral shifting of the distal end (muzzle) of the weapon's barrel (so-called «throwing» of the weapon). Recoil forces also create torque that causes the weapon to «rotate».
  • the muzzle is thrown away from target in a semicircular motion around longitudinal axis of the barrel. Along with rising of the muzzle, that extends the time required to re-aim for subsequent shots and significantly worsens the accuracy of those shots.
  • recoil force has to be absorbed by the weapon and/or the shooter. This causes discomfort and fatigue for the shooter, and sometimes can even lead to injury.
  • recoil of any firearm is inversely related to the weapon’s weight, or directly related to power of the cartridge used. Therefore, and especially when it is necessary to use ammunition of sufficiently high power, in order to overcome this problem, the weight of a firearm’s moving parts (mainly the bolt) is usually increased to the level necessary for absorption of recoil.
  • this solution simultaneously increases overall mass and size of the weapon. This, in turn, increases impact stress on the weapon’s moving parts and fixed parts interacting with them. Again, considerable weight of the weapon causes discomfort and fatigue for the shooter, especially when it is necessary to shoot for a long time or from an uncomfortable position.
  • Pistols known from technical level include, for example, patent US733681, which contains a frame with pistol grip, with a barrel mounted fixedly therein, a massive bolt not locked to the barrel, a return spring connected to the bolt, a firing mechanism, a magazine in the grip with ammunition in it.
  • This pistol utilizes automatic action mechanism based on the principle of using recoil energy with free bolt (not locked to the barrel) and fixed barrel. Automatic reloading of the weapon is carried out using energy of powder gases, there is no need for separate automatic components acting as a driving force (because this function is performed by the barrel chamber and the cartridge case). This principle of automatic action ensures simplicity of design and reliability of the weapon’s performance (due to relatively small number of parts and mechanisms of the pistol).
  • Another reason for using a massive bolt is to avoid the possibility of a cartridge case rupturing in the barrel during firing (probability of which increases with insufficient mass of the bolt).
  • Disadvantages of this design include the fact that it allows use of only relatively low-powered ammunition, which limits ballistic properties of this type of weapon.
  • pistols for example, from the patent US984519A, the patent US1618510, in which automatic action is based on use of recoil energy of the bolt locked to a short-recoil barrel.
  • recoil impulse being distributed during movement of locked and unlocked barrel and bolt, recoil is reduced and, correspondingly, shots yield better results, especially when firing cartridges with relatively high recoil impulse.
  • the barrel’s buffer spring due to its considerable stiffness
  • relatively insignificant joint recoil of the barrel-bolt quasi-assembly does not provide the desired effect of reducing impact on the bolt frame from the bolt at the end of recoil.
  • it is an element susceptible to wearing, and increases risk of failure of the corresponding moving and fixed design elements that are in contact with each other.
  • the underlying task of the invention is to create, design-wise, a simple and reliable automatic firearm that eliminates the disadvantages (presence of additional parts of complex shape), and at the same time takes advantage of known technical solutions (automatic action using energy of the bolt recoil, use of a barrel that moves at the time of shot, with its short stroke).
  • Another task is to create an automatic firearm based on recoil of a semi-locked bolt, in which the cartridge case forms a functional part that ensures joint translational motion of the barrel interlocked with the bolt, while allowing use of conventional ammunition, including relatively high-powered cartridges.
  • Yet another task is to improve the design, which will allow for better performance characteristics of a firearm, particularly reduced recoil at the time of shot, and mitigated recoil effect when firing, reduced dimensions and weight of the weapon.
  • Additional task is to create an automatic firearm design that is cheap, technologically advanced, convenient to maintain, and easy to repair, particularly by providing a design that uses relatively small number of parts of relatively simple shape, manufacturing process of which would be technologically feasible.
  • the set tasks are solved by the fact that in the semi-automatic pistol containing a bolt group mounted on the frame of the pistol, including a barrel and a bolt driven by shot, in which the barrel has a distal end for releasing a bullet and powder gases at the time of shot, a proximal end forming a cartridge case that houses a cartridge, and is made with possibility of limited longitudinal movement under pressure of powder gases acting through the cartridge case at the time of firing, the bolt is made with possibility of reciprocating motion, within the limits between its forward pre-firing position, with a cartridge in the barrel, and rear position of removing the cartridge case from the chamber, a means for returning the bolt from the rear position to the fore position, which together form an automatic action mechanism that performs the cycle of opening and closing the chamber, feeding the cartridge, and removing the cartridge case from the chamber, according to the invention, the barrel, at its proximal end, has at least one protrusion, at least one groove is made in the pistol frame, said protrusion is positioned in said groove, in such
  • the barrel and the bolt move together under influence of recoil.
  • the barrel is engaged by the bolt in a manner similar to automatic action mechanisms based on recoil of the barrel interlocked with the bolt, but the automatic action system does not have special design elements for mechanical connection of the barrel and the bolt.
  • the elastic element of the return mechanism does not act as a buffer spring, and due to low stiffness of the elastic element (which does not exceed the value required to return the barrel and the bolt to pre-firing position), it becomes possible to avoid noticeable effect of the elastic element on the frame with pistol grip, as well as possible wearing and/or failure of moving and fixed automatic action parts that come into contact with each other.
  • Another preferred implementation is the one in which the pistol is designed with possibility of combining the barrel’s mass and the bolt’s mass at the beginning of recoil, and with possibility to reduce the bolt’s velocity at the end of recoil.
  • the barrel can move together with the bolt for a period of time sufficient to reduce pressure in the barrel to a safe level allows for unimpeded removal of the cartridge case from the chamber. It also ensures coordinated movement of the barrel, the bolt, and the bolt frame throughout firing, as a result of time-distributed transferal of recoil impulse.
  • At least one groove may be a separate part fixedly mounted on the pistol frame, and/or at least one protrusion may be a separate part fixedly mounted on the barrel, forming the protrusion.
  • a damper or a shock absorber is installed, made with possibility to slow down movement of the barrel before it stops, and/or with possibility to eliminate stiff impact interaction of the protrusion-groove pair.
  • the above-described technical solution feature set ensures a number of technical results that consist of: reducing the mass of automatic action moving parts, and the firearm’s mass in general, by including the barrel’s mass in the mass of moving parts; reducing impact stress on automatic action moving parts and such that come into contact with them, fixed parts; portable dimensions of the firearm as a result of absence of additional design elements that increase mass of the bolt, or absorb recoil, or ensure the bolt's interlocking with the barrel; reducing recoil at the time of firing, and mitigating the effect of said recoil by reducing force of impact of the bolt on the bolt frame in its rearmost position, absorbing recoil impulse distributed across time and design parts; creating a weapon design that is simple in terms of the weapon maintenance and care, as well as its repair; creating a weapon design that is simple in terms of its manufacturability; facilitating use of high-powered ammunition while maintaining relatively low weight of the bolt and, accordingly, low weight and small dimensions of the weapon in general.
  • Additional advantages of the described technical solution also include easier use of the weapon (as a result of smaller dimensions and lower weight), less discomfort and fatigue for the shooter when using it, which is highly desirable when operating firearms, especially those intended for individual (personal) use (for example, semi-automatic pistol).
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of the pistol in longitudinal section A-A in .
  • FIG. 1 show longitudinal section views demonstrating the weapon’s automatic action mechanism in operation - the bolt stopped in rearmost position.
  • FIG. 1 show longitudinal section views demonstrating the weapon’s automatic action mechanism in operation - the barrel stopped in rearmost position.
  • the semi-automatic pistol (shown in Figs. 1-3) consists of the following main components and mechanisms: the pistol frame 1 with the pistol grip 2, the bolt group including the bolt frame 3, the barrel 4, and the bolt 5, the return mechanism 6, the magazine 7 with cartridges 8.
  • the metal pistol frame 1 made of alloy steel by cutting.
  • the grip 2 which serves as the main assembly base for other components and mechanisms of the pistol, houses the magazine 7 with cartridges 8 and the magazine latch 9 designed to hold it in place.
  • the pistol frame 1 houses the firing mechanism, the safety lever 11, and the bolt catch 13 with a spring 14.
  • the firing mechanism consists of the trigger, the trigger bar 17 with a spring 18, the sears 19 with a spring 20, and the hammer 21 with a spring 22.
  • the pistol frame 1 is connected to the grip 2 by means of a rectangular protrusion 23 in its rear part (which fits into the corresponding groove 24 in the grip 2), and a connecting lock 25.
  • the bolt frame 3 is a complex rectangular part made of alloy steel by cutting.
  • a cylindrical longitudinal channel 27 designed for installation of the barrel 4 and the bolt 5 with firing and ejecting mechanisms.
  • the design also has a rectangular groove 29 for placing the bar 30 and other parts of the bolt group.
  • the pistol barrel 4 is made of alloy steel, in the form of a complex cylindrical part that can be separated during disassembly.
  • the barrel 4 has a distal end 31 for releasing the bullet and powder gases at the time of firing. Internal channel of the barrel 4 has rifling to give the bullet rotational motion.
  • the proximal end 32 of the barrel 4 forms the chamber 33 for placing a cartridge 8 therein.
  • the barrel 4 has possibility of reciprocating movement backwards and forwards relative to the pistol frame 1 under pressure of powder gases acting through the cartridge 8 case 34 at the time of firing, and through recoil impulse after firing.
  • protrusion/protrusions 35 On the lower part of the barrel 4, at its proximal end 32, there is a protrusion/protrusions 35, in the pistol frame 1, there is a groove/grooves 36, said protrusion 35 is positioned in said groove 36 in such a way that a gap 37 is formed between at least two adjacent surfaces of the groove 36 and the protrusion 35.
  • the protrusion 35 is made with possibility of movement inside the groove 36, and abutting of the protrusion’s 35 end surface 38 against the groove’s 36 end surface 39.
  • the protrusion-groove pair combined forms a horizontal guide of the barrel 4 in the pistol frame 1, and limits longitudinal movement of the barrel 4 in the pistol frame 1 to a distance corresponding to the gap 37 between the protrusion 35 and the groove 36, and forms bumpers in extreme positions of the barrel 4 during its reciprocating movement.
  • At least one groove 36 may be a separate part fixedly mounted on the pistol frame, and/or at least one protrusion 35 may be a separate part fixedly mounted on the barrel 4, forming the protrusion 35.
  • a damper or a shock absorber may be installed to slow down movement of the barrel 4 before it stops, and/or to avoid stiff impact interaction of the protrusion-groove pair.
  • the bolt 5 has possibility of reciprocating movement with the bolt frame 3, between its fore position before firing, with the cartridge 8 in the barrel 4, and rear position of removing the cartridge 8 case 34 from the chamber 33.
  • the bolt frame 3, the barrel 4, and the bolt 5 are set in motion at the time of firing and interact with each other during movement.
  • the return mechanism 6, which is a means of returning the barrel 4 and the bolt 5 from rear position to fore position, consists of a return spring rod 41, a return spring 42, or a set of return springs 42 with washers.
  • the magazine 7, located inside the pistol grip 2, provides space for cartridges 8 arranged in two staggered rows (columns), reorganized into a single row to reach the seating line.
  • the magazine 7 consists of a rectangular body 43 made of sheet metal. In upper part of the body 43, there is a narrowing for reorganizing the cartridges 8 from two rows into one row. Middle part of the body 43 has a cutout for the magazine’s 7 latch 9, which holds the magazine 7 inside the pistol grip 2. Lower part of the body 43 has side bends for attaching the magazine’s 7 cover 44.
  • Design of the magazine 7 also includes a feeder 45 acting as a pusher, which, driven by a spring 46, lifts the cartridges 8 onto the seating line.
  • the magazine’s 7 cover 44 is designed to hold all parts of the magazine 7 in an assembled state and to prevent contamination of the magazine’s 7 internal parts. To keep the magazine’s 7 cover 44 in place, the design has a lock 47.
  • the above-described interacting components and parts form the pistol’s automatic action mechanism that performs the cycle of opening and closing the chamber 33, feeding the cartridge 8, and removing the cartridge’s 8 case 34 from the chamber 33.
  • the semi-automatic pistol’s operation is as follows.
  • the magazine 7 with cartridges 8 has to be inserted into the pistol grip 2.
  • the pistol is prepared for firing by pulling the bolt 5 in its rearmost position, and releasing it.
  • the bolt 5 is pulled, the hammer 21 is cocked, and the return spring 42 is compressed by the bolt frame 3 being pulled back by hand.
  • a cartridge 8 is fed from it into the seating line.
  • the bolt 5 is released, it moves forward, picking up a cartridge 8 from the magazine 7 and seating it into the chamber 33 of the barrel 4.
  • the pistol When the moving parts reach their original positions, and the cartridge 8 is seated into the chamber 32, the pistol will be ready for firing.
  • the barrel 4 In particular, in pre-firing position, the barrel 4 is mounted with possibility of interlocking with the bolt 5, and possibility of ensuring joint longitudinal movement of the bolt frame 3, the barrel 4, and the bolt 5 relative to the pistol frame 1 in one direction, backwards.
  • the trigger 15 To fire the weapon, the trigger 15 must be pulled, which leads to the hammer 21 striking the firing pin 48 and breaking the igniting primer of the cartridge 8. As a result of this impact, explosive in the igniting primer explodes, igniting powder inside the cartridge 8, and the shot is fired.
  • the barrel 4 (driven by the barrel spring 12) manages to return to its foremost position as a result of the protrusion’s 35 movement inside the groove 36, and stop as a result of abutting of the barrel 4 protrusion’s 35 end surface 54 against the pistol frame 1 groove’s 36 end surface 55.
  • the bolt frame 3 encounters the barrel’s 4 protrusion 58 on the last segment of its movement backwards (recoil), and continues to move backwards together with the barrel 4 as a quasi-assembly.
  • the bolt’s 5 impulse is distributed between the bolt 5 and the barrel 4, reducing movement (recoil) velocity of the bolt 5 by an amount proportional to the ratio of masses of the bolt 5 and the barrel 4.
  • the bolt frame 3 having reached rearmost point (recoil), contacts the bumping surface 57 of the pistol frame 1 with its own bumping surface 56, and stops. This transfers the bolt’s 5 impulse to the pistol frame 1.
  • recoil impulse is first distributed between the barrel 4 and the bolt 5 (similar to systems in which the barrel is stiffly connected to the bolt), which reduces total recoil energy of the barrel-bolt quasi-assembly, compared to a situation in which recoil would only cause the bolt 5 to be kicked back.
  • the above-described pistol operation scheme allows to achieve that, instead of a single impact of the bolt 5 in rearmost position, several successive impacts of parts of the barrel-bolt quasi-assembly occur, and transferal of recoil impulse of the bolt 5 to the pistol frame 1 becomes distributed in time, which makes it possible to reduce effect of recoil force on the shooter without increasing mass of the weapon’s bolt 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un pistolet semi-automatique dans lequel, en position de tir, le boîtier de cartouche situé dans la chambre de barillet, sous pression de gaz en poudre, se détendant, relie le barillet et la culasse en une seule partie fonctionnelle qui facilite le mouvement de translation conjoint du barillet solidaire de la culasse, le mouvement de translation conjoint du barillet solidaire de la culasse étant limité par la surface d'extrémité en saillie en butée contre la surface d'extrémité de rainure, et, à la suite d'une interaction d'impact de la paire saillie-rainure, facilite la déconnexion du barillet et de la culasse, tout en assurant un mouvement de translation supplémentaire de la culasse, qui a été déverrouillée, et du cadre de culasse vers l'arrière, par rapport au cadre de pistolet, et un mouvement de va-et-vient du barillet, vers l'arrière et vers l'avant, par rapport au cadre de pistolet. Il assure la décomposition d'un seul impact des parties mobiles de la culasse du pistolet en plusieurs impacts distincts répartis dans le temps.
PCT/IB2024/053548 2023-11-10 2024-04-11 Pistolet semi-automatique Pending WO2025099501A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
UAU202305357 2023-11-10
UAU202305357U UA156043U (uk) 2023-11-10 2023-11-10 Самозарядний пістолет

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025099501A1 true WO2025099501A1 (fr) 2025-05-15

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ID=91621694

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2024/053548 Pending WO2025099501A1 (fr) 2023-11-10 2024-04-11 Pistolet semi-automatique

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UA (1) UA156043U (fr)
WO (1) WO2025099501A1 (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US733681A (en) 1903-01-20 1903-07-14 Jens Theodor Suhr Schouboe Automatic firearm.
US863770A (en) 1906-02-16 1907-08-20 William John Whiting Automatic firearm.
US984519A (en) 1910-02-17 1911-02-14 John M Browning Firearm.
DE424528C (de) * 1922-07-29 1926-01-25 Nationale D Armes De Guerre St Selbstladepistole
US1618510A (en) 1923-06-28 1927-02-22 John M Browning Automatic firearm
US2664786A (en) * 1947-08-26 1954-01-05 Guisasola Bonifacio Slide and barrel securing key for automatic pistols
US4222308A (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-09-16 Arnett Perry J Accuracy device for semi-automatic pistols
US4984504A (en) * 1988-09-12 1991-01-15 Fabbrica D'armi P. Beretta S.P.A. Device to open and close the bolt in semiautomatic pistols
KR20070022128A (ko) * 2007-01-30 2007-02-23 정근석 기어를 이용해 반동을 줄인 소화기

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US733681A (en) 1903-01-20 1903-07-14 Jens Theodor Suhr Schouboe Automatic firearm.
US863770A (en) 1906-02-16 1907-08-20 William John Whiting Automatic firearm.
US984519A (en) 1910-02-17 1911-02-14 John M Browning Firearm.
DE424528C (de) * 1922-07-29 1926-01-25 Nationale D Armes De Guerre St Selbstladepistole
US1618510A (en) 1923-06-28 1927-02-22 John M Browning Automatic firearm
US2664786A (en) * 1947-08-26 1954-01-05 Guisasola Bonifacio Slide and barrel securing key for automatic pistols
US4222308A (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-09-16 Arnett Perry J Accuracy device for semi-automatic pistols
US4984504A (en) * 1988-09-12 1991-01-15 Fabbrica D'armi P. Beretta S.P.A. Device to open and close the bolt in semiautomatic pistols
KR20070022128A (ko) * 2007-01-30 2007-02-23 정근석 기어를 이용해 반동을 줄인 소화기

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Publication number Publication date
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