WO2025108751A1 - Fonctionnement d'un réseau de bus, en particulier une reconfiguration en cas de défaillance - Google Patents
Fonctionnement d'un réseau de bus, en particulier une reconfiguration en cas de défaillance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2025108751A1 WO2025108751A1 PCT/EP2024/081852 EP2024081852W WO2025108751A1 WO 2025108751 A1 WO2025108751 A1 WO 2025108751A1 EP 2024081852 W EP2024081852 W EP 2024081852W WO 2025108751 A1 WO2025108751 A1 WO 2025108751A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bus
- operating devices
- identification data
- bus control
- network
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/40169—Flexible bus arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5038—Address allocation for local use, e.g. in LAN or USB networks, or in a controller area network [CAN]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/87—Combinations of sonar systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a BUS network, having a BUS control unit and a plurality of BUS operating devices which are coupled to one another via a network line of the BUS network, wherein the BUS network is operated according to a daisy chain method in which the BUS control unit sends a query signal to the BUS operating devices via the network line, the BUS operating devices receive the query signal and sequentially send respective device data of the BUS operating devices at a predetermined position in a predetermined transmission sequence via the network line to the BUS control unit, the BUS control unit receives the device data and, depending on the position in the transmission sequence, assigns the respective received device data to a respective one of the BUS operating devices.
- the invention further relates to a computer program product and a computer-readable data carrier.
- the invention also relates to a BUS control device for a BUS network, wherein the BUS network has, in addition to the BUS control device, a plurality of BUS operating devices which are coupled to one another by means of a network line of the BUS network, wherein the BUS network is operated according to a daisy chain method, wherein the BUS control device is designed to send a query signal to the BUS operating devices via the network line, to receive respective device data of the BUS operating devices which the BUS operating devices send successively to the BUS control device via the network line in response to the query signal at a predetermined position in a predetermined transmission sequence, and to assign the respective received device data to a respective one of the BUS operating devices depending on the position in the transmission sequence.
- BUS networks serve to couple and operate BUS operating devices connected via the network cable with the BUS control device, for example, by transmitting data, in particular device data, from the BUS operating devices to the BUS control device, by transmitting control commands from the BUS control device to one or more of the BUS operating devices and/or the like.
- BUS operating devices can be, for example, sensors, actuators, combinations thereof or the like.
- the device data can therefore be, for example, recorded values of the Sensors, operating states of the BUS operating devices, combinations thereof and the like.
- the BUS operating devices are often connected to the BUS control unit via a network cable and can exchange data via the network cable.
- the network cable is therefore used, among other things, for communication between the BUS control unit and the BUS operating devices.
- the network cable can also be used to supply power to the BUS operating devices.
- the network cable can, for example, be designed as a two-wire cable. Depending on requirements, the network cable can of course also have more than two individual lines of a two-wire cable.
- the operation of the BUS network can be based on a bus protocol, such as the Distributed Systems Interface (DSI).
- DSI Distributed Systems Interface
- One such protocol is disclosed, for example, in the DSI3 bus standard dated February 16, 2011.
- the BUS operating devices are generally serially linked to the BUS control unit via the network cable. It is therefore important that the BUS operating devices do not attempt to transmit their device data over the network cable in response to a query signal from the BUS control unit at different times. For this reason, the daisy-chain process provides for the BUS operating devices to transmit their respective device data in response to the query signal from the BUS control unit at a respective assigned position in a predetermined transmission sequence.
- the position of the transmission sequence is assigned to the respective BUS operating device. This provides a respective time window for transmitting the device data, which is individually assigned to the respective BUS operating device.
- the transmission sequence can be specified, for example, during initialization or configuration of the BUS network. As a rule, the transmission sequence remains essentially unchanged during normal operation of the BUS network.
- the BUS control unit can assign the respective device data to the respective BUS operating device based on the transmission sequence of the device data and the assigned positions in the transmission sequence, which are individually assigned to the respective BUS operating devices.
- the device data can then be made available for further processing.
- the processing can take place at least partially in the BUS control unit, or it can also be provided that the device data is transmitted to a higher-level controller for further processing. In the latter case, the assignment of the position in the transmission sequence can of course also be provided so that the device data is assigned to the respective BUS operating devices and transmitted to a higher-level controller.
- Sensors, actuators, and/or the like can be configured as bus operating devices that are coupled to the bus control unit via the network cable.
- the invention is based on the object of improving the reliability of the intended operation of a BUS network.
- the invention proposes a method, a computer program product, a computer-readable data carrier and a BUS control device according to the independent claims.
- the invention proposes in particular that the BUS control device sends an identification data query signal for transmitting individual identification data stored in the BUS operating devices in a readable manner to the BUS operating devices, the BUS operating devices Receive the identification data query signal, the BUS operating devices send their respective individual identification data to the BUS control unit according to the specified transmission sequence, the BUS control unit receives the individual identification data, assigns the respective identification data to the respective BUS operating device depending on a position in the specified transmission sequence and stores the respective identification data with the respective position which is assigned to the respective identification data.
- the invention proposes in particular that the computer program product has program code means which are stored in particular in a computer-readable medium in order to at least partially carry out the method for operating a BUS network according to the invention when the computer program product is processed on a computer unit of a BUS control device of the BUS network.
- the invention proposes in particular that the computer-readable data carrier has program code instructions which, when executed by a computer unit, cause the computer unit to at least partially carry out the method for operating a BUS network according to the invention.
- the invention proposes in particular that the BUS control device is further designed to transmit an identification data query signal for transmitting individual identification data stored in the BUS operating devices in a readable manner to the BUS operating devices, to receive, in response to the identification data query signal, respective individual identification data sent from the BUS operating devices to the BUS control device in accordance with the predetermined transmission sequence, to assign the respective identification data to the respective BUS operating device depending on a position in the predetermined transmission sequence, and to store the respective identification data with the respective position which is assigned to the respective identification data.
- the invention is based, among other things, on the idea that value pairs, each of which includes at least the identification data and the current position in the transmission sequence, are stored.
- the BUS control unit can have a memory unit in which the value pairs are stored. can.
- the value pairs can also be stored, at least in part, in an external memory unit that has a communication link with the BUS control unit. It is therefore possible for the BUS control unit or the higher-level controller to determine which BUS operating devices are active.
- the data can also be used for further processing of the device data that is transmitted to the BUS control unit in response to a query signal. It is therefore possible to identify individual BUS operating devices within the framework of the daisy chain process.
- the identification data query signal is a query signal that can be transmitted by the BUS control unit.
- the identification data query signal is a specific query signal that differs from other query signals of the BUS control unit.
- the BUS operating devices recognize the identification data query signal. Provision can be made for the respective identification data to be stored in a memory unit of the respective BUS operating device. As soon as a respective BUS operating device receives an identification data query signal via the network line, provision can be made for the identification data to be read from the respective memory unit of the respective BUS operating device and transmitted from the BUS operating device to the BUS control unit at the specified position in the transmission sequence.
- both the BUS control unit and the BUS operating devices have suitable transceiver units with which communication can be realized via the network line. Furthermore, both the BUS control unit and the BUS operating devices can have respective power supply units, by means of which power can be supplied from the BUS control unit to the BUS operating devices via the network line.
- the BUS control unit after transmitting the query signal, compares a number of positions at which the BUS control unit receives the device data with a predetermined number of BUS operating devices in order to determine the function of the BUS network.
- the specified number of BUS operating devices can be determined, for example, during initialization of the BUS network. However, it can also be provided that the specified number of BUS operating devices is permanently set on the BUS control unit. A specification by the higher-level controller can also be provided.
- the specified number of BUS operating devices corresponds, for example, to the number of BUS operating devices connected to the network cable. If the BUS network is functioning properly, the number of positions corresponds to the specified number of BUS operating devices.
- the specified number of BUS operating devices is the number of BUS operating devices that are in communication with the BUS control unit via the network cable. This makes it possible for the BUS control unit to determine that the available BUS operating devices have actually transmitted their device data to the BUS control unit. This improves the reliability of the intended operation of the BUS network.
- the BUS control unit transmits the identification data query signal. In this way, it is possible to determine which BUS operating devices are operating as intended based on the number of positions at which identification data is received by the BUS control unit in response to the identification data query signal. Furthermore, it is of course possible to determine whether the network line is faulty, for example, due to an interruption or the like. If the network line is interrupted, for example, subsequent BUS operating devices can no longer communicate with the BUS control unit. This can also be determined in this way. If the BUS control unit determines that the number of positions does not correspond to the specified number, the BUS control unit can send a message, for example to the higher-level controller. It can also be provided that the BUS control unit stops or reduces the intended operation of the BUS network.
- the transmission sequence be adjusted based on the individual identification data received by the BUS control unit from the BUS operating devices.
- This development relates in particular to the case where the number of positions is smaller than the specified number. This allows, for example, deactivated or faulty BUS operating devices to be removed from the transmission sequence, so that the intended operation according to the daisy chain method can be maintained even in this case. The reliability of the The intended operation of the BUS network can thus be further improved.
- the bus control unit assigns a position in the transmission sequence to the bus operating devices depending on the individual identification data received from the bus operating devices. In particular, this can involve a reassignment or reconfiguration.
- the assignment of positions in the transmission sequence can be carried out according to a standardized initialization procedure for operation according to the daisy-chain method.
- the BUS control unit determines at least one error position, wherein the error position is a position in the transmission sequence at which the assigned BUS control unit is not receiving any device data.
- the BUS control unit can assume a malfunction or fault.
- the BUS operating device to which this position is assigned can be deactivated or faulty and therefore not transmitting any device data.
- the network line is faulty, for example, due to an open circuit or a short circuit.
- the BUS control unit can, for example, repeat the transmission of the query signal.
- the BUS control unit issues a fault message, for example to the higher-level controller.
- the BUS control unit determines the identification data of the at least one associated BUS operating device depending on the stored identification data and the associated stored positions. This makes it possible to determine the BUS operating device that did not transmit any device data to the BUS control unit in response to the query signal. It is therefore possible for the BUS control unit to identify the BUS operating device based on the stored identification data associated with the position.
- the BUS control unit can issue a corresponding message with the corresponding identification data of the affected BUS operating device, in particular to the higher-level controller, in order to carry out, for example, repair, maintenance, replacement, or the like with regard to the BUS operating device that caused the error position.
- the BUS control unit depending on the at least one error position or the at least one A fault diagnostic routine is activated for the bus operating device. This makes it possible to automatically investigate the functionality or malfunction of the bus operating device, at least partially, and, if necessary, to rectify it. In particular, it is also possible to identify the respective bus operating device whose operation is malfunctioning. This can further improve the reliability of the intended operation of the bus network.
- the BUS control unit outputs a fault message depending on the at least one fault position or the at least one BUS operating device associated with the identification data of the associated BUS operating device.
- This fault message can, for example, be output as a signal to the higher-level controller.
- the BUS control unit outputs an acoustic, visual, or haptic signal to an operator of the BUS network, a user, or maintenance personnel.
- the BUS control unit determines the operating status of the network line based on a comparison of the number of positions at which the BUS control unit receives device data with the specified number of BUS operating devices.
- This further development has the advantage that any fault or malfunction can be narrowed down.
- the detection of a fault in the network line can, for example, depend on the fact that, from a certain position in the transmission sequence, no more device data is returned in response to a query signal. In this case, it can be assumed that a fault is unlikely if there are several BUS operating devices that follow one another in the transmission sequence. This can further improve the maintenance of the BUS network.
- the BUS control device has a power supply unit for supplying at least one of the BUS control devices with electrical energy via the network cable for its intended operation.
- the power supply unit can, for example, have an electrical energy storage device such as an accumulator or the like.
- the power supply unit can also have a power supply connection for coupling an electrical energy source.
- the power supply connection can For example, it can be designed to connect an energy supply network or an on-board network of a motor vehicle.
- the BUS control unit be designed to determine a disruption to the intended operation of the BUS network and, depending on this, to reconfigure the transmission sequence. According to this development, it is therefore possible for the BUS control unit to react to disruptions in the intended operation of the BUS network and to attempt to maintain partial intended operation by reconfiguring or reconfiguring the transmission sequence. By reconfiguring the transmission sequence, the available BUS operating devices can be reinserted into the daisy chain process, so that the operation of the BUS network can be maintained with the available BUS operating devices. At the same time, it can be provided that the BUS control unit sends a corresponding message, for example to the higher-level controller or the like.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a BUS network with a BUS control unit and several BUS operating devices that are coupled to each other by means of a network line of the BUS network, the BUS network being operated according to a daisy chain method,
- Fig. 2 is a schematic signal representation for a signal sequence of device data of the BUS operating devices, which they send in response to a query signal,
- Fig. 3 is a schematic signal representation like Fig. 2, in which one of the BUS operating devices is not sending any device data due to a fault,
- Fig. 4 is a schematic signal representation like Fig. 2, in which the network line between two consecutively arranged BUS operating devices is interrupted, and
- Fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart for a process sequence for operating the BUS network.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a BUS network 1, which has a network line 9, to which a BUS control unit 2 and BUS operating devices 3 to 8 are connected, of which only the BUS operating devices 3 to 5 are shown in Fig. 1.
- the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 are connected serially to the BUS control unit 2 via the network line 9.
- the BUS control unit 2 and the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 are also included in the BUS network 1.
- the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 are essentially identical in this case. They are further configured such that the network line 9 is looped through the BUS operating devices 3 to 8.
- Each of the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 has its own power supply unit 11, an operating device control unit 13, a controllable current source 12, and a line resistance Rs.
- the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 are essentially interconnected in series and connected to the BUS control device 2.
- the BUS network 1 is operated according to a daisy-chain method.
- Each of the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 comprises a respective sensor, which is included in the respective operating device control unit 13.
- the sensors are not shown in detail and do not need to be identical in this case.
- the sensors can, for example, detect temperature, humidity, light, and/or the like. It can also be provided that the sensors are a camera, in particular an infrared camera, a LIDAR, an ultrasonic sensor, and/or the like.
- the BUS operating device 3 to 8 can also have one or more actuators that can be controlled by means of control commands from the BUS control device 2.
- the BUS control unit 2 has, in addition to a power supply unit 10, which not only supplies electrical energy for the intended operation of the BUS control unit 2, but also electrical energy for the operation of the BUS operating devices 3 to 8, so that the power supply unit 10 is able to supply the BUS network 1 essentially completely with electrical energy.
- the BUS control device 2 has a control unit 41 configured to operate the BUS network 1 according to the daisy chain method.
- the operating device control units 13 use their sensors to capture sensor values and make them available as device data.
- Fig. 2 now shows in a schematic signal representation how the device data is retrieved from the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 via the network line 9.
- the BUS control unit 2 sends a query signal 22 via the network line 9 to the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 in undisturbed, normal operation.
- the BUS control unit 2 previously assigned individual positions 23 to 28 to the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 in a transmission sequence 14.
- the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 receive the query signal 22 and send their respective device data at the previously assigned individual position 23 to 28 in the specified transmission sequence 14 via the network line 9 in succession to the BUS control unit 2.
- positions 23 to 28 are shown in the transmission sequence 14 in response to the query signal 22.
- the BUS operating device 3 sends its device data at position 23
- the BUS operating device 4 sends its device data at position 24
- the BUS operating device 5 sends its device data at position 25
- the BUS operating device 6 sends its device data at position 26
- the BUS operating device 7 sends its device data at position 27
- the BUS operating device 8 sends its data at position 28.
- Positions 23 to 28 follow one another directly in time.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic signal diagram like Fig. 2, but in this illustrated signal sequence, the BUS operating device 5 is defective and is not transmitting any device data. This is illustrated in FIG. 3 by the fact that position 25 contains an X. Position 25 is therefore omitted from the transmission sequence. This shifts the positions of the subsequent response signals. Therefore, due to its query signal 22, the corresponding device data only arrives at the BUS control unit 2 from five of the BUS operating devices 3 to 8, namely at positions 23, 24 and 26 to 28. This can lead to a signal processing disturbance in the BUS control unit 2, which at least hinders, if not completely disrupts, the further operation of the BUS network 1.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic signal diagram
- Fig. 2 shows another situation in which there is a fault with respect to the network line 9 between the BUS operating devices 5 and 6, in this case an interruption.
- the BUS control unit 2 receives only the device data from the BUS operating devices 6 to 8 at positions 26 to 28 in response to the query signal 22.
- the device data of the BUS operating devices 3 to 5 at positions 23 to 25 cannot be transmitted to the BUS control unit 2 due to the interruption of the network lines 9.
- this can lead to a significant disruption in the intended operation of the BUS network 1.
- Fig. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of how the problem explained with reference to Figs. 3 and 4 can be reduced or eliminated by means of suitable control of the BUS control unit 2.
- the method begins with step 15, in which the motor vehicle is started.
- the BUS control unit 2 initializes the BUS network 1, as explained, for example, in the DSI3 Bus Standard of February 16, 2011.
- an identification data query signal is sent to the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 for transmitting individual identification data stored in a readable manner in the BUS operating devices 3 to 8.
- the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 receive the identification data query signal from the BUS control device 2.
- the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 send their respective individual identification data to the BUS control device 2 in accordance with the predefined transmission sequence 14.
- the BUS control device 2 receives the individual identification data and assigns it to the respective BUS operating device 3 to 8 depending on a respective position in the predefined transmission sequence 14.
- a check is performed to determine whether identification data is available for BUS operating devices 3 to 8. At step 17, it is determined that no identification data is available for a specific one of BUS operating devices 3 to 8, whereas at step 19, it is determined that identification data is available for a specific one of BUS operating devices 3 to 8.
- step 20 it is then checked whether the initialization, i.e., in particular the position assignment to the BUS operating devices 3 to 8, was successful. If the assignment was successful, the method continues with step 21, in which the stored identification data is compared with the identification data obtained during initialization. If the respective identification data are identical, the method continues and ends with step 30, and the intended operation of the BUS network 1 is started or continued. If, however, there is a discrepancy between the stored identification data and the identification data obtained during initialization, the storage process is triggered in step 29, in which the respective received identification data are assigned to positions 23 to 28 and stored in the memory unit of the control unit 41, which in this case is embodied in the BUS control unit 2. The method then also continues with step 30.
- step 31 a check is performed to determine whether the stored identification data in the BUS control unit 2 is available and consistent. If this check is negative, the process continues with step 32.
- step 32 it is checked whether the initialization, in particular the addressing for all BUS operating devices 3 to 8, was carried out successfully. If this check is negative, the process continues with step 33. In step 33, a message is output that the BUS network 1 has an addressing error. The process then continues with step 34. In step 34, a check is made to determine whether the error occurred due to a debouncing time. If the result of this check is negative, the process continues with step 16. However, if the result of the check in step 34 is positive, a message is output in step 35, which the BUS operating device 2 transmits to a higher-level controller (not shown).
- step 40 the first faulty BUS operating device 3 to 8 is identified and reported. From step 40, the process then continues with step 34, as previously explained.
- step 31 If the check in step 31 is positive, the identification data of the storage unit assigned to the respective positions 23 to 28 are compared with the identification data received from the BUS operating device 2 based on the identification data query signal. This occurs in step 36, and the method continues with step 37. In step 37, the BUS operating devices 3 to 8 that are unavailable or faulty are then determined. The method then continues with step 40, as previously explained.
- the BUS control unit 2 can be used to determine whether, and if so, which BUS operating devices are no longer participating in the intended operation of the BUS network 1.
- the BUS control unit 2 can then automatically reconfigure the BUS network 1. Positions 22 to 28 can be reassigned to the available BUS operating devices 3 to 8, whereby the number of positions is reduced due to the unavailable BUS operating devices 3 to 8.
- the BUS network 1 can therefore maintain its intended operation with the still available BUS operating devices.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un procédé pour faire fonctionner un réseau de bus (1), comprenant un contrôleur de bus (2) et une pluralité de dispositifs de commande de bus (3 à 8) qui sont interconnectés au moyen d'une ligne de réseau (9), dans lequel : le dispositif de commande de bus transmet un signal de demande (22) aux dispositifs d'exploitation de bus ; les dispositifs d'exploitation de bus transmettent successivement au dispositif de commande de bus, par l'intermédiaire de la ligne de réseau, des données de dispositif respectives relatives aux dispositifs d'exploitation de bus à une position déterminée (23 à 28) dans une séquence de transmission déterminée (14) ; le dispositif de commande de bus reçoit les données de dispositif et, en fonction de la position dans la séquence de transmission, affecte chaque donnée de dispositif reçue à l'un des dispositifs d'exploitation de bus. Selon l'invention, le contrôleur de bus envoie aux dispositifs fonctionnant sur le bus un signal de demande de données d'identification pour la transmission de données d'identification individuelles dans les dispositifs fonctionnant sur le bus ; les dispositifs fonctionnant sur le bus transmettent leurs données d'identification individuelles respectives au contrôleur de bus selon la séquence de transmission spécifiée ; le contrôleur de bus reçoit les données d'identification, attribue chaque donnée d'identification au dispositif fonctionnant sur le bus particulier en fonction d'une position dans la séquence de transmission spécifiée, et stocke chaque donnée d'identification avec la position particulière.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023132826.3 | 2023-11-24 | ||
| DE102023132826.3A DE102023132826A1 (de) | 2023-11-24 | 2023-11-24 | Betreiben eines BUS-Netzwerks, insbesondere Rekonfiguration bei einer Störung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2025108751A1 true WO2025108751A1 (fr) | 2025-05-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/081852 Pending WO2025108751A1 (fr) | 2023-11-24 | 2024-11-11 | Fonctionnement d'un réseau de bus, en particulier une reconfiguration en cas de défaillance |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE102023132826A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2025108751A1 (fr) |
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| DENSO: "DSI3 Bus Standard", 16 February 2011 (2011-02-16), pages 1 - 45, XP093247641, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.elmos.com/fileadmin/elmos-website/products/sensors/ultrasonic/DSI3__Bus_Standard_r1.00.pdf> [retrieved on 20250206] * |
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