WO2025123718A1 - Accès aléatoire à ido-a - Google Patents

Accès aléatoire à ido-a Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025123718A1
WO2025123718A1 PCT/CN2024/110484 CN2024110484W WO2025123718A1 WO 2025123718 A1 WO2025123718 A1 WO 2025123718A1 CN 2024110484 W CN2024110484 W CN 2024110484W WO 2025123718 A1 WO2025123718 A1 WO 2025123718A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resource
msg1
msg3
aiot
frequency
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2024/110484
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English (en)
Inventor
Jing HAN
Jie Hu
Lihua Yang
Luning Liu
Haiming Wang
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Lenovo Beijing Ltd
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Lenovo Beijing Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2024/110484 priority Critical patent/WO2025123718A1/fr
Publication of WO2025123718A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025123718A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access
    • H04W74/0836—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access with 2-step access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to devices, processors for wireless communication and methods for ambient internet of things (AIoT) random access.
  • AIoT ambient internet of things
  • a wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology.
  • BSs base stations
  • eNB eNodeB
  • gNB next-generation NodeB
  • Each network communication devices such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology.
  • the wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) .
  • time resources e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like
  • frequency resources e.g., subcarriers, carriers
  • the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
  • 3G third generation
  • 4G fourth generation
  • 5G fifth generation
  • 6G sixth generation
  • IoT Internet of things
  • More ‘things’ are expected to be interconnected for improving productivity efficiency and increasing comforts of life.
  • Most of the current wireless IoT devices are powered by battery that need to be replaced or recharged manually.
  • the automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of markets requiring enhanced IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually.
  • Technologies are under development to capture use cases, traffic scenarios, device constraints of ambient power-enabled IoT devices and identify potential service requirements as well as potential key performance indicators.
  • Enhancements for AIoT networks, especially, enhancements on AIoT random access, are still needed.
  • the present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support AIoT random access.
  • the procedure and signalings of FDM-based AIoT random access are designed.
  • a first device transmits, to a second device, a message 1 (Msg1) of an ambient internet of things (AIoT) random access procedure in a first frequency resource among a plurality of frequency resources.
  • the first device receives, from the second device, a message 2 (Msg2) of the AIoT random access procedure, wherein the Msg 2 is associated with the first frequency resource.
  • Msg1 message 1
  • AIoT ambient internet of things
  • the Msg1 is transmitted in a first Msg1 resource in the first frequency resource.
  • a start point of the receiving of the Msg2 is based on one of the following: a first time offset after an end time of a Msg1 transmission resource for the plurality of frequency resources, wherein the first Msg1 resource is located in the Msg1 transmission resource; a first time window after an end time of a Msg1 transmission resource for the plurality of frequency resources, wherein the first Msg1 resource is located in the Msg1 transmission resource; a second time offset after an end time of the first Msg1 resource; or an indication in a reader-to-device (R2D) message received after transmitting the Msg1.
  • R2D reader-to-device
  • the first time offset is predefined.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second device, a first indication of one of the following: the first time offset; the first time window; a start time and an end time of the first time window; a start time and a time duration of the first time window; or the second time offset.
  • the first indication is carried in one of the following: an AIoT paging message; or an access trigger message.
  • the end time of the Msg1 transmission resource is associated with one of the following: the end time of the first Msg1 resource; or the first Msg1 resource and a ratio between the first frequency resource and a lowest frequency resource among the plurality of frequency resources
  • the plurality of frequency resources may include a plurality of Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg2 may include at least one confirmation indication corresponding to Msg1 transmission in at least one Msg1 resource among the plurality of Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg2 is received in a first R2D resource associated with the first frequency resource.
  • the first frequency resource may include one or more Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg2 may include at least one confirmation indication corresponding to Msg1 transmission in at least one Msg1 resource among the one or more Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg1 is transmitted in a first Msg1 resource in the first frequency resource
  • the Msg2 may include a first confirmation indication corresponding to Msg1 transmission in the first Msg1 resource.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second device, a message 3 (Msg3) of the AIoT random access procedure in a first Msg3 resource in a second frequency resource among a second plurality of frequency resources.
  • the first Msg3 resource is determined based on a Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources, and one of the following: an order of the first confirmation indication in the at least one confirmation indication, or an index of the first Msg3 resource, wherein the index is associated with the first confirmation indication.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second device, a Msg3 of the AIoT random access procedure in a Msg3 resource in a second frequency resource among a second plurality of frequency resources; and receiving, from the second device, a message 4 (Msg4) of the AIoT random access procedure.
  • a start point of the receiving of the Msg4 is based on one of the following: a third time offset after an end time of a Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources, wherein the first Msg3 resource is located in the Msg3 transmission resource; a second time window after an end time of a Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources, wherein the first Msg3 resource is located in the Msg3 transmission resource; a fourth time offset after an end time of the first Msg3 resource; or an indication in a R2D message received after transmitting the Msg3.
  • an indication of a total time-frequency resource of the Msg3 transmission resource is comprised in one of the following: the Msg2, an AIoT paging message, or an access trigger message.
  • the Msg3 transmission resource has a same frequency division multiplexing scheme as a Msg1 transmission resource for the plurality of frequency resources.
  • the third time offset is predefined.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second device, a second indication of one of the following: the third time offset; the second time window; a start time and an end time of the second time window; a start time and a time duration of the second time window; or the fourth time offset.
  • the second indication is carried in one of the following: an AIoT paging message; or an access trigger message.
  • the end time of the Msg3 transmission resource is associated with one of the following: the end time of the first Msg3 resource; or the first Msg3 resource and a ratio between the second frequency resource and a lowest frequency resource among the plurality of frequency resources.
  • the second plurality of frequency resources may include a plurality of Msg3 resources.
  • the Msg4 may include one of the following: an indication of an acknowledgement or a negative acknowledgement for Msg3 transmission in each Msg3 resource among the plurality of Msg3 resources; or an indication of a negative acknowledgement for Msg3 transmission in at least one Msg3 resource among the plurality of Msg3 resources and an indication of the at least one Msg3 resource.
  • the Msg4 is received in a second R2D resource associated with the second frequency resource.
  • the second frequency resource may include one or more Msg3 resources.
  • the Msg4 may include one of the following: an indication of an acknowledgement or a negative acknowledgement for Msg3 transmission in each Msg3 resource among the one or more Msg3 resources; or an indication of a negative acknowledgement for Msg3 transmission in at least one Msg3 resource among the one or more Msg3 resources and an indication of the at least one Msg3 resource.
  • a second device receives, from a first device, a message 1 (Msg1) of an ambient internet of things (AIoT) random access procedure in a first frequency resource among a plurality of frequency resources.
  • the second device transmits, to the first device, a message 2 (Msg2) of the AIoT random access procedure, wherein the Msg 2 is associated with the first frequency resource.
  • Msg1 message 1
  • AIoT ambient internet of things
  • the Msg1 is received in a Msg1 resource in the first frequency resource.
  • a start point of the transmitting of the Msg2 is based on one of the following: a first time offset after an end time of a Msg1 transmission resource for the plurality of frequency resources, wherein the first Msg1 resource is located in the Msg1 transmission resource; a first time window after an end time of a Msg1 transmission resource for the plurality of frequency resources, wherein the first Msg1 resource is located in the Msg1 transmission resource; a second time offset after an end time of the first Msg1 resource; or an indication in a R2D message transmitted after receiving the Msg1.
  • the first time offset is predefined.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the first device, a first indication of one of the following: the first time offset; the first time window; a start time and an end time of the first time window; a start time and a time duration of the first time window; or the second time offset.
  • the first indication is carried in one of the following: an AIoT paging message; or an access trigger message.
  • the end time of the Msg1 transmission resource is associated with one of the following: the end time of the first Msg1 resource; or the first Msg1 resource and a ratio between the first frequency resource and a lowest frequency resource among the plurality of frequency resources
  • the plurality of frequency resources may include a plurality of Msg1 resources
  • the Msg2 may include at least one confirmation indication corresponding to Msg1 transmission in at least one Msg1 resource among the plurality of Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg2 is transmitted in a first R2D resource associated with the first frequency resource.
  • the first frequency resource may include one or more Msg1 resources
  • the Msg2 may include at least one confirmation indication corresponding to Msg1 transmission in at least one Msg1 resource among the one or more Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg1 is received in a first Msg1 resource in the first frequency resource
  • the Msg2 may include a first confirmation indication corresponding to the first Msg1 resource.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the first device, a message 3 (Msg3) of the AIoT random access procedure in a first Msg3 resource in a second frequency resource among a second plurality of frequency resources.
  • the first Msg3 resource is determined based on: a Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources, and one of the following: an order of the first confirmation indication in the at least one confirmation indication, or an index of the first Msg3 resource, wherein the index is associated with the first confirmation indication.
  • the plurality of frequency resources is a first plurality of frequency resources.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the first device, a Msg3 of the AIoT random access procedure in a Msg3 resource in a second frequency resource among a second plurality of frequency resources; and transmitting, to the first device, a message 4 (Msg4) of the AIoT random access procedure.
  • Msg4 message 4
  • a start point of the transmitting of the Msg4 is based on one of the following: a third time offset after an end time of a Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources, wherein the first Msg3 resource is located in the Msg3 transmission resource; a second time window after an end time of a Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources, wherein the first Msg3 resource is located in the Msg3 transmission resource; a fourth time offset after an end time of the first Msg3 resource; or an indication in a reader-to-device (R2D) message transmitted after receiving the Msg3.
  • R2D reader-to-device
  • an indication of a total time-frequency resource of the Msg3 transmission resource is comprised in one of the following: the Msg2, an AIoT paging message, or an access trigger message.
  • the Msg3 transmission resource has a same frequency division multiplexing scheme as a Msg1 transmission resource for the plurality of frequency resources.
  • the third time offset is predefined.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the first device, a second indication of one of the following: the third time offset; the second time window; a start time and an end time of the second time window; a start time and a time duration of the second time window; or the fourth time offset.
  • the second indication is carried in one of the following: an AIoT paging message; or an access trigger message.
  • the end time of the Msg3 transmission resource is associated with one of the following: the end time of the first Msg3 resource; or the first Msg3 resource and a ratio between the second frequency resource and a lowest frequency resource among the plurality of frequency resources.
  • the second plurality of frequency resources may include a plurality of Msg3 resources
  • the Msg4 may include one of the following: an indication of an acknowledgement or a negative acknowledgement for Msg3 transmission in each Msg3 resource among the plurality of Msg3 resources; or an indication of a negative acknowledgement for Msg3 transmission in at least one Msg3 resource among the plurality of Msg3 resources and an indication of the at least one Msg3 resource.
  • the Msg4 is transmitted in a second R2D resource associated with the second frequency resource.
  • the second frequency resource may include one or more Msg3 resources
  • the Msg4 may include one of the following: an indication of an acknowledgement or a negative acknowledgement for Msg3 transmission in each Msg3 resource among the one or more Msg3 resources; or an indication of a negative acknowledgement for Msg3 transmission in at least one Msg3 resource among the one or more Msg3 resources and an indication of the at least one Msg3 resource.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates an example of Topology 1 for AIoT networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2 for AIoT networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1D illustrates an example of Topology 3 with downlink assistance for AIoT networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1F illustrates an example of Topology 4 for AIoT networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1G illustrates an example of an overall access stratum procedure in AIoT networks in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1H illustrates an example of an overall AIoT random access procedure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 1I through 1K illustrate example of three frequency division multiplexing (FDM) cases for AIoT random access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example process that supports AIoT random access in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a general procedure for FDM-based AIoT random access in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 4A through 4C illustrate examples of the Msg1 resources for different FDM cases in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • FIG. 4D illustrates an example of Msg2 reception in time domain in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 5A through 5C illustrate examples of mapping between Msg1 resources and confirmations in Msg2 for different FDM cases in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • FIGS. 6A through 6C illustrate examples of determination of Msg3 resources in a Msg3 occasion for different FDM cases in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • FIGS. 7A through 7C illustrate examples of Msg3 resources mapping for different FDM cases in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • FIGS. 8A through 8B illustrate examples of Msg4 reception for FDM case 1 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a device that supports AIoT random access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a processor that supports AIoT random access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 11 through 12 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support AIoT random access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • references in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
  • first and second or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
  • the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 5G new radio (NR) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on.
  • NR 5G new radio
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • HSPA High-Speed Packet Access
  • NB-IoT Narrow Band Internet of Things
  • the communications between a UE and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • any suitable generation communication protocols including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the 4G, 4.5G, the 5G communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
  • the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a UE can access the communication network and receive services therefrom.
  • the network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth
  • the network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a service management function (SMF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , a user plane function (UPF) or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
  • NF network function
  • SMF service management function
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • PCF policy control function
  • UPF user plane function
  • UE user equipment
  • a UE generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications.
  • a UE may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) .
  • SS subscriber station
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • MS mobile station
  • AT access terminal
  • the UE may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture UE such as a digital camera, a gaming UE, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless UE, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and/or an automated processing chain
  • AIoT device refers to a device without batteries or with limited energy storage capabilities.
  • energy is provided by harvesting radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other suitable source.
  • the AIoT device can also be called a zero-power terminal, a near-zero power terminal, a passive IoT device, an ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) device, a tag, etc.
  • AmBC ambient backscatter communication
  • NB narrow band
  • eMTC enhanced machine type communication
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system (or referred to as a communication network) 100 that supports AIoT random access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network.
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Wi-Fi Wi-Fi
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • IEEE 802.20 The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • the one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100.
  • One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology.
  • a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection.
  • a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
  • Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques.
  • data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
  • the one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100.
  • a UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology.
  • the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples.
  • the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
  • IoT Internet-of-Things
  • IoE Internet-of-Everything
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100.
  • a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
  • the one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A.
  • a UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A.
  • a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
  • a network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both.
  • a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) .
  • the network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) .
  • the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) .
  • the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) .
  • one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) .
  • An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
  • TRPs transmission-reception points
  • a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
  • CU central unit
  • DU distributed unit
  • RU radio unit
  • RIC RAN Intelligent Controller
  • RIC e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC)
  • SMO Service Management and Orchestration
  • Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU.
  • functions e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof
  • a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack.
  • the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) .
  • RRC radio resource control
  • SDAP service data adaption protocol
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • the CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, MAC layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.
  • L1 e.g., physical (PHY) layer
  • L2 radio link control
  • a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack.
  • the DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) .
  • a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
  • a CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions.
  • a CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u)
  • a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface)
  • FH open fronthaul
  • a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
  • the core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions.
  • the core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) .
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • 5GC 5G core
  • MME mobility management entity
  • AMF access and mobility management functions
  • S-GW serving gateway
  • PDN gateway Packet Data Network gateway
  • UPF user plane function
  • control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • the core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) .
  • the packet data network 108 may include an application server 118.
  • one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118.
  • a UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102.
  • the core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) .
  • the PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) .
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures.
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures.
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure.
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) .
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
  • One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix.
  • a first subcarrier spacing e.g., 15 kHz
  • a normal cyclic prefix e.g. 15 kHz
  • the first numerology associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe.
  • a time interval of a resource may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) .
  • Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration.
  • each frame may include multiple subframes.
  • each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration.
  • each frame may have the same duration.
  • each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
  • a time interval of a resource may be organized according to slots.
  • a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots.
  • the number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100.
  • Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) .
  • the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology.
  • a slot For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols.
  • a slot For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols.
  • an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) .
  • FR1 410 MHz –7.125 GHz
  • FR2 24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz
  • FR3 7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz
  • FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz)
  • FR4a or FR4-1 52.6 GHz –71 GHz
  • FR5 114.25 GHz
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands.
  • FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) .
  • FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
  • FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) .
  • FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) .
  • FIG. 1C illustrates an example of Topology 2.
  • an AIoT device 131 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 133 between the AIoT device 131 and a base station 132.
  • the intermediate node 133 may be a relay node, an IAB node, a UE, a repeater, etc., which is capable of AIoT.
  • the intermediate node 133 transfers AIoT data and/or signalling between the base station 132 and the AIoT device 131.
  • TDM time-division multiplexing
  • an A-IoT device may determine to perform a contention based random access to respond to an AIoT paging message or an access trigger message.
  • Msg1 occasion may be the longest time duration that an A-IoT device transmits a Msg1 on different frequency resources configured for random access.
  • Msg3 occasion may be the longest time duration that an A-IoT device transmits a Msg3 on different frequency resources.
  • the frequency resources for Msg3 may be indicated by the reader.
  • Msg1 transmission in Msg1 occasion and Msg3 transmission in Msg3 occasion are based on FDM and have the same FDM scheme.
  • Msg2 (and optionally Msg4 for 4-step CBRA) is received on a specific R2D frequency which contains confirmation or response for multiple A-IoT devices.
  • the Msg2 may correspond to at least one Msg1 resource.
  • the Msg4 may correspond to at least one Msg3 resource.
  • FIG. 3 only shows the total time-frequency resource of the Msg1 transmission resource and the total time-frequency resource of the Msg3 transmission resource.
  • Multiple Msg1 resources and multiple Msg3 resources may be determined based on the FDM scheme (e.g., FDM case 1, FDM case 2 or FDM case 3) .
  • FIGS. 4A through 4C illustrate examples of the Msg1 resources for different FDM cases in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • Msg1 occasion is the longest time duration that an A-IoT device transmits a Msg1 on different frequency resources configured for random access.
  • the end time point of the Msg1 occasion corresponds to the end time of the Msg1 transmission resource for the first plurality of frequency resources and may be referred to as “Msg1 occasion complete time” or other terminologies.
  • the end time of the Msg1 transmission resource may be the end time of each Msg1 resource, e.g., in FDM case 1 as shown FIG. 4A.
  • the end time of the Msg1 transmission resource may be associated with the first Msg1 resource and a ratio between the first frequency resource and a lowest frequency resource among the first plurality of frequency resources, e.g., in FDM case 2 as shown in FIG. 4B or FDM case 3 as shown in FIG. 4C.
  • the time duration of Msg1 occasion is 80ms.
  • a start point of the receiving of the Msg2 215 may be determined based on a first time offset after an end time of the Msg1 transmission resource for the first plurality of frequency resources.
  • the first time offset may be predefined.
  • the first device 201 may receive an indication of the first time offset from the second device 202. The indication of the first time offset may be carried in the AIoT paging message or the access trigger message.
  • a start point of the receiving of the Msg2 215 may be determined based on a first time window after an end time of the Msg1 transmission resource for the first plurality of frequency resources.
  • a time window for the start point of Msg2 transmission may be configured with respect to the Msg1 occasion complete time.
  • the first device 201 may receive an indication of the first time window from the second device 202.
  • the indication of the first time window may be carried in the AIoT paging message or the access trigger message.
  • the first device 201 may receive an indication of a start time and an end time of the first time window from the second device 202.
  • the indication of the start time and the end time of the first time window may be carried in the AIoT paging message or the access trigger message.
  • the first device 201 may receive an indication of a start time and a time duration of the first time window from the second device 202.
  • the indication of the start time and the time duration of the first time window may be carried in the AIoT paging message or the access trigger message.
  • FIG. 4D illustrates an example of Msg2 reception in time domain in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the A-IoT device selects a specific time-frequency resource for Msg1 transmission in the Msg1 occasion.
  • the A-IoT device determines the completion time T Msg1_complete of the Msg1 occasion and receives the Msg2 after T Msg1_complete .
  • the A-IoT device receives the Msg2 at a time offset after T Msg1_complete .
  • the A-IoT device receive the Msg2 in a time window after T Msg1_complete .
  • the time offset or the time window may be indicated by the reader, e.g., in A-IoT paging message or access trigger message.
  • the time window may also be indicated as “start time” + “end time” , or “starting point” + “time duration” .
  • a start point of the receiving of the Msg2 215 may be determined based on a second time offset after an end time of the first Msg1 resource.
  • the start point of the corresponding Msg2 may be individually configured for each Msg1 resource.
  • the end time of a Msg1 resource is the end time of the Msg1 transmission in the Msg1 resource and may be referred to as “Msg1 transmission complete time” or other terminologies.
  • the first device 201 may receive an indication of the second time offset from the second device 202.
  • the indication of the second time offset may be carried in the AIoT paging message or the access trigger message.
  • the start time to receive Msg2 may be based on a per-frequency time-offset indication which is indicated, e.g., in A-IoT paging message or access trigger message.
  • the A-IoT device may start to receive Msg2 after a time offset from the Msg1 transmission complete time of the AIoT device.
  • the first plurality of frequency resources may include a plurality of Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg2 215 may include at least one confirmation indication corresponding to Msg1 transmission in at least one Msg1 resource among the plurality of Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg1 212 may be transmitted in a first Msg1 resource among the plurality of Msg1 resources. If the second device 202 receives the Msg1 212 in the first Msg1 resource, the second device 202 may include, in the Msg2 215, a first confirmation indication corresponding to Msg1 transmission in the first Msg1 resource. In other words, for Msg2 reception frequency, all A-IoT devices receive Msg2 in the same R2D frequency.
  • Msg2 message may contain multiple confirmations which are responses to different Msg1 transmissions on different Msg1 resources.
  • Msg2 may only contain confirmations for Msg1 resource on which there has Msg1 transmission.
  • Msg1 resource index may be included in the confirmation in the Msg2 and an A-IoT device that transmits Msg1 on a specific Msg1 resource will determine whether the confirmations include its corresponding Msg1 resource index as Msg2 response for itself.
  • FIGS. 5A through 5C illustrate examples of mapping between Msg1 resources and confirmations in Msg2 for different FDM cases in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • the second device receives Msg1 transmissions in Msg1 resource 1 and Msg1 resource 2 and thus transmits a Msg2 containing Msg1 transmission confirmation information for these Msg1 resources in a sequential order.
  • the confirmation information for Msg1 in Msg1 resource 1 may include the resource index of Msg1 resource 1; and the confirmation information for Msg1 in Msg1 resource 2 may include the resource index of Msg1 resource 2.
  • No Msg1 is transmitted in Msg1 resource 1 and thus Msg2 does not contain the resource index of Msg1 resource 3.
  • the second device receives Msg1 transmissions in Msg1 resource 1 and thus transmits a Msg2 containing confirmation information for the Msg1 transmissions in Msg1 resource 1.
  • the second device receives Msg1 transmissions in Msg1 resources 2, 5, 6 and 7 and thus transmits a Msg2 containing Msg1 transmission confirmation information for these Msg1 resources in a sequential order.
  • the Msg2 215 may be received in a first R2D resource associated with the first frequency resource.
  • the first frequency resource may include one or more Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg2 215 may include at least one confirmation indication corresponding to Msg1 transmission in at least one Msg1 resource among the one or more Msg1 resources.
  • the Msg1 212 may be transmitted in a first Msg1 resource among the one or more Msg1 resources. If the second device 202 receives the Msg1 212 in the first Msg1 resource, the second device 202 may include, in the Msg2 215, a first confirmation indication corresponding to Msg1 transmission in the first Msg1 resource.
  • an A-IoT device receives Msg2 in the associated R2D frequency which has a mapping relationship with Msg1 transmission frequency of the AIoT device.
  • the second device receives Msg1 transmissions in Msg1 resource 2 and thus transmits a first Msg2 containing confirmation information for the Msg1 transmissions (e.g., an index of Msg1 resource 2) in a frequency resource mapped to the first frequency resource.
  • a first Msg2 containing confirmation information for the Msg1 transmissions e.g., an index of Msg1 resource 2
  • the second device receives Msg1 transmissions in Msg1 resources 5 and 6 and thus transmits a second Msg2 containing confirmation information for these Msg1 transmissions (e.g., indexes of Msg1 resources 5 and 6) in a frequency resource mapped to the second frequency resource.
  • the second device receives Msg1 transmissions in Msg1 resource 7 in the third frequency resource and thus transmits a third Msg2 containing confirmation information for the Msg1 transmissions (e.g., an index of Msg1 resource 7) in a frequency resource mapped to the third frequency resource.
  • the first device 201 may transmit, to the second device 202, a Msg3 of the AIoT random access procedure in a first Msg3 resource in a second frequency resource among a second plurality of frequency resources.
  • the first Msg3 resource may be determined based on a Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources, and an order of the first confirmation indication in the at least one confirmation indication in Msg2.
  • an indication of a total time-frequency resource of the Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources may be included in the Msg2 215.
  • an indication of a total time-frequency resource of the Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources may be included in an AIoT paging message.
  • an indication of a total time-frequency resource of the Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources may be included in an access trigger message.
  • the Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources may have a same frequency division multiplexing scheme as a Msg1 transmission resource for the first plurality of frequency resources.
  • the first device 201 may determine multiple Msg3 resources for Msg3 transmission in the second plurality of frequency resources based on the configuration of the total time-frequency resource of the Msg3 transmission resource and the FDM scheme for the AIoT random access procedure.
  • the A-IoT device may determine a Msg3 resource for Msg3 transmission.
  • the total time-frequency domain resource for Msg3 transmission in multiple frequencies may be indicated by the reader in Msg2.
  • Msg2 may indicate the time duration, start time, frequency resources etc. of the Msg3 occasion.
  • FIGS. 6A through 6C illustrate examples of determination of Msg3 resources in a Msg3 occasion for different FDM cases in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively. As shown in FIGS.
  • Msg3 occasion is the longest time duration that an A-IoT device transmits a Msg3 on different frequency resources.
  • the Msg3 occasion may have the same FDM structure with the Msg1 occasion.
  • the time-frequency resource of the Msg3 occasion may be different with that of the Msg1 occasion.
  • the A-IoT device may determine the Msg3 resource for the Msg3 transmission in the Msg3 occasion.
  • the A-IoT device may determine multiple Msg3 resources in the Msg3 occasion based on the total Msg3 transmission resource (e.g., indicated by the Msg2) , the FDM case.
  • the Msg3 resource for the Msg3 transmission may be determined from the multiple Msg3 resources by the A-IoT device based on the order of the confirmation in Msg2.
  • FIGS. 7A through 7C illustrate examples of Msg3 resources mapping for different FDM cases in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • the AIoT device receives Msg2 containing the corresponding confirmation information after transmitting Msg1 in Msg1 resource 2 and the corresponding confirmation information is in the second confirmation field, the AIoT device transmits Msg3 in the Msg3 resource 2.
  • the AIoT device transmits Msg3 in the Msg3 resource 2.
  • the AIoT device if the AIoT device receives Msg2 containing the corresponding confirmation information after transmitting Msg1 in Msg1 resource 3 and the corresponding confirmation information is in the second confirmation field, the AIoT device transmits Msg3 in the Msg3 resource 2. In the example in FIG. 7B, if the AIoT device receives Msg2 containing the corresponding confirmation information after transmitting Msg1 in Msg1 resource 6 and the corresponding confirmation information is in the fourth confirmation field, the AIoT device transmits Msg3 in the Msg3 resource 4.
  • a start point of the receiving of the Msg4 may be determined based on a third time offset after an end time of the Msg3 transmission resource for the second plurality of frequency resources.
  • the first Msg3 resource for transmitting the Msg3 may be located in the Msg3 transmission resource.
  • the third time offset may be predefined.
  • the first device 201 may receive an indication of the third time offset from the second device 202.
  • the indication of the third time offset may be carried in the AIoT paging message or the access trigger message.
  • the A-IoT device will try to receive Msg4 if any.
  • the A-IoT device may determine the completion time of Msg3 occasion, and receives Msg4 with a time offset after completion time of Msg3 occasion.
  • the Msg4 may include an indication of a negative acknowledgement for Msg3 transmission in at least one Msg3 resource among the plurality of Msg3 resources and an indication of the at least one Msg3 resource.
  • N N
  • FIGS. 8A through 8B illustrate examples of Msg4 reception for FDM case 1 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively.
  • the Msg4 may include corresponding ACK/NACK for Msg3 transmission in Msg3 resource 1 and Msg3 resource 2 in a sequential order.
  • the Msg4 may include only NACK for Msg3 transmission in Msg3 resource 2 and the index of Msg3 resource 2.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a device 900 that supports AIoT random access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 900 may be an example of the first device 201, the second device 202 or the third device 203 as described herein.
  • the device 900 may support wireless communication with one or more devices in the AIoT system.
  • the device 900 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 902, a memory 904, a transceiver 906, and, optionally, an I/O controller 908. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
  • the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein.
  • the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
  • the processor 902 may support wireless communication at the device 900 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the processor 902 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second device, a message 1 (Msg1) of an ambient internet of things (AIoT) random access procedure in a first frequency resource among a plurality of frequency resources; and a means for receiving, from the second device, a message 2 (Msg2) of the AIoT random access procedure, wherein the Msg 2 is associated with the first frequency resource.
  • Msg1 message 1
  • AIoT ambient internet of things
  • the processor 902 may support wireless communication at the device 900 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the processor 902 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, a message 1 (Msg1) of an ambient internet of things (AIoT) random access procedure in a first frequency resource among a plurality of frequency resources; and a means for transmitting, to the first device, a message 2 (Msg2) of the AIoT random access procedure, wherein the Msg 2 is associated with the first frequency resource.
  • Msg1 message 1
  • AIoT ambient internet of things
  • the processor 902 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) .
  • the processor 902 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 902.
  • the processor 902 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 904) to cause the device 900 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
  • the memory 904 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) .
  • the memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 902 cause the device 900 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory.
  • the code may not be directly executable by the processor 902 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.
  • the memory 904 may include, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • BIOS basic I/O system
  • the transceiver 906 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 910 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 910.
  • the transceiver 906 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
  • a receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium.
  • the receive chain may include one or more antennas 910 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium.
  • the receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal.
  • the receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal.
  • the receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a processor 1000 that supports AIoT random access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the processor 1000 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the processor 1000 may include a controller 1002 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the processor 1000 may optionally include at least one memory 1004, such as L1/L2/L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1000 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1006.
  • ALUs arithmetic-logic units
  • One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
  • the processor 1000 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • a protocol stack e.g., a software stack
  • operations e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading
  • the processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • DRAM dynamic RAM
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic RAM
  • SRAM static RAM
  • FeRAM ferroelectric RAM
  • MRAM magnetic RAM
  • RRAM resistive RAM
  • PCM phase change memory
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the controller 1002 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1000, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1000. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1004 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1004.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1000.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1000.
  • ALUs arithmetic logic units
  • the memory 1004 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1000 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementations, the memory 1004 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1000) .
  • caches e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1000 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc.
  • the memory 1004 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1000) .
  • the memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1000, cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory.
  • the controller 1002 and/or the processor 1000 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions.
  • the processor 1000 and/or the controller 1002 may be coupled with or to the memory 1004, and the processor 1000, the controller 1002, and the memory 1004 may be configured to perform various functions described herein.
  • the processor 1000 may include multiple processors and the memory 1004 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
  • the one or more ALUs 1006 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the one or more ALUs 1006 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) .
  • the one or more ALUs 1006 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) .
  • One or more ALUs 1006 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data.
  • one or more ALUs 1006 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed.
  • One or more ALUs 1006 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1006 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1006 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
  • logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1006 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
  • the processor 1000 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the processor 1000 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a second device, a message 1 (Msg1) of an ambient internet of things (AIoT) random access procedure in a first frequency resource among a plurality of frequency resources; and a means for receiving, from the second device, a message 2 (Msg2) of the AIoT random access procedure, wherein the Msg 2 is associated with the first frequency resource.
  • Msg1 message 1
  • AIoT ambient internet of things
  • the processor 1000 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the processor 1000 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first device, a message 1 (Msg1) of an ambient internet of things (AIoT) random access procedure in a first frequency resource among a plurality of frequency resources; and a means for transmitting, to the first device, a message 2 (Msg2) of the AIoT random access procedure, wherein the Msg 2 is associated with the first frequency resource.
  • Msg1 message 1
  • AIoT ambient internet of things
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports AIoT random access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a first device 201 as described herein.
  • the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include transmitting, to a second device, a message 1 (Msg1) of an ambient internet of things (AIoT) random access procedure in a first frequency resource among a plurality of frequency resources.
  • Msg1 message 1
  • AIoT ambient internet of things
  • the method may include receiving, from the second device, a message 2 (Msg2) of the AIoT random access procedure, wherein the Msg 2 is associated with the first frequency resource.
  • Msg2 message 2
  • aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a first device 201 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 that supports AIoT random access in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a second device 202 as described herein.
  • the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include receiving, from a first device, a message 1 (Msg1) of an ambient internet of things (AIoT) random access procedure in a first frequency resource among a plurality of frequency resources.
  • Msg1 message 1
  • AIoT ambient internet of things
  • the method may include transmitting, to the first device, a message 2 (Msg2) of the AIoT random access procedure, wherein the Msg 2 is associated with the first frequency resource.
  • Msg2 message 2
  • the operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a second device 202 as described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
  • Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
  • non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
  • an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements.
  • the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Divers aspects de la présente divulgation concernent un accès aléatoire à l'Internet des objets ambiant (IdO-A). Selon un aspect, un premier dispositif transmet, à un second dispositif, un message 1 (Msg1) d'une procédure d'accès aléatoire à l'Internet des objets ambiant (IdO-A) dans une première ressource de fréquence parmi une pluralité de ressources de fréquence. Le premier dispositif reçoit, en provenance du second dispositif, un message 2 (Msg2) de la procédure d'accès aléatoire à IdO-A, le Msg 2 étant associé à la première ressource de fréquence.
PCT/CN2024/110484 2024-08-07 2024-08-07 Accès aléatoire à ido-a Pending WO2025123718A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2024/110484 WO2025123718A1 (fr) 2024-08-07 2024-08-07 Accès aléatoire à ido-a

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