WO2025146456A2 - Réparation et optimisation de matériaux nanocomposites - Google Patents

Réparation et optimisation de matériaux nanocomposites Download PDF

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WO2025146456A2
WO2025146456A2 PCT/EP2025/050044 EP2025050044W WO2025146456A2 WO 2025146456 A2 WO2025146456 A2 WO 2025146456A2 EP 2025050044 W EP2025050044 W EP 2025050044W WO 2025146456 A2 WO2025146456 A2 WO 2025146456A2
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compound
coordinated
oxygen
reaction
ziegler
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WO2025146456A3 (fr
Inventor
Henrik Pedersen
Mikkel Dybro Lundorf
Ion ISASTI IRIBAR
Torben KROGSDAL JACOBSEN
Anders RANCKE MADSEN
Alejandro LÓPEZ MORENO
Emilio Manuel PÉREZ ÁLVAREZ
Marta GONZÁLEZ SÁNCHEZ
Sylwia PARZYSZEK
Julia VILLALVA FERNÁNDEZ
Maria de Lourdes GONZÁLEZ-JUÁREZ
Marisol RIVAS CARAMÉS
Matthew David Eaton
Silvia MIRANDA ALCÁZAR
Alicia NARANJO CHACÓN
Toralf Hustveit
Ravindra REDDY CHOWREDDY
Torkel BACH
Christian Benedikt OREA NIELSEN
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Nanocore ApS
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Nanocore ApS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/005—Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C08K3/042—Graphene or derivatives, e.g. graphene oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the preparation, repair and optimization of nanocomposite materials.
  • nanofillers e.g., carbon nanotubes, boron nitride nanotubes and graphene
  • This approach improves the characteristics of the nanocomposite materials.
  • the processes for preparing such nanocomposites involve the formation of covalently closed rings around the nanomaterial, e.g. the nanotube.
  • the resulting nanocomposites may have high strength or high stiffness.
  • Patents and patent applications describing the preparation, characteristics, and uses of such nanocomposites include WO 2016/078664, WO 2019/138077, WO 2023/001506, WO 2023/275051, WO 2023/275063, and WO 2024/002950.
  • WO 2016/078664 WO 2019/138077
  • WO 2023/001506 WO 2023/275051
  • WO 2023/275063 WO 2024/002950.
  • the present invention solves some of these problems by devising general approaches to the repair of nanotube composite materials.
  • the present invention presents solutions to how reactions involving monomers, initiators, terminators, and catalysts, and in some cases even by-products of the reactions that formed the initial nanotube composite, can be employed in repair reactions, in order to re-establish or at least improve composite material properties like tensile strength, stiffness, impact strength, fatigue resistance and conductivity.
  • a key feature of these repair approaches is the anchoring of the repair matrix to the surface of the cracks, through reaction of repair reagents with reactive groups on the coated, protruding nanotubes from the crack surface.
  • a process for making a component comprising a composite material is therefore provided.
  • the process comprises the following steps: (a) providing a nanofiller in the form of a nanotube or graphene; (b) providing one or more molecules capable of providing a covalently closed ring around said nanofiller; (c) optionally, providing a structural entity, or providing one or more components necessary to form said structural entity, such as monomer building blocks and one or more catalysts, initiators, terminators, or cross-linkers; wherein steps (a) (b) and (c) can take place in any order, followed by the steps of: (d1) mixing said nanofiller, said structural entity or the components necessary to form said structural entity, and said one or more molecules; (d2) forming a complex between the nanofiller and the molecule, in which the molecule provides a covalently closed ring around the nanofiller; and (d3) optionally, forming a covalent bond between said one or more molecules and said structural entity, or between said one or more molecules and one of the components necessary to form said structural entity; (d4) optionally, allowing the components necessary to form
  • a composite material comprising a nanofiller in the form of a nanotube or a graphene, and further comprising a structural entity or matrix, such as a polymer, a component of cement such as a crystal, a component of a metal such as an iron atom or iron crystal, or a component of ceramics, and further comprising a byproduct, a monomer, a catalyst, an initiator, a terminator, or a cross-linker in a concentration in the range of 1 nM - 10 nM, or in the range of 10 nM - 100 nM, or in the range of 100 nM - 1 ⁇ M, or in the range of 1 ⁇ M - 10 ⁇ M, or in the range of 10 ⁇ M - 100 ⁇ M, or in the range of 100 ⁇ M - 1 mM.
  • a structural entity or matrix such as a polymer, a component of cement such as a crystal, a component of a metal such as an iron atom or iron crystal
  • a further composite material comprising a nanofiller in the form of a nanotube or a graphene, complexed to a covalently closed ring, said composite material further comprising a structural entity or matrix, such as a polymer, a component of cement such as a crystal, a component of a metal such as an iron atom or iron crystal, or a component of ceramics, where the structural entity is optionally covalently linked to the covalently closed ring, and where the composite material further comprises a byproduct, a monomer, a catalyst, an initiator, a terminator, or a cross-linker, in a concentration in the range of 1 nM - 10 nM, or in the range of 10 nM - 100 nM, or in the range of 100 nM - 1 ⁇ M, or in the range of 1 ⁇ M - 10 ⁇ M, or in the range of 10 ⁇ M - 100 ⁇ M, or in the range of 100 ⁇ M - 1 mM.
  • FIGURE LEGENDS Figure 1 A component made from the composite material defined herein, and a product comprising the composite material or the component as defined herein.
  • FIGURE LEGENDS Figure 1 A component made from the composite material defined herein, and a product comprising the composite material or the component as defined herein.
  • Figure 2. Synthetic scheme of “Ester U-Shape of Example AA3”, such as compound AA2, following the procedure described in Example EE1.
  • Figure 3. Synthetic scheme of “Alkene U-Shape of Example AA2”, such as compound AA3, following the procedure described in Example EE2.
  • Figure 4. Synthetic scheme of “Acid U-Shape of Example AA4”, such as compound AA4, following the procedure described in Example EE3.
  • Figure 5. Synthetic scheme of “Fluorenone U-Shape of Example AA5”, including synthetic steps for the synthesis of compound AA5 and AA6, following the procedure described in Example AA5.
  • FIG. 6 Synthetic scheme of “Chain U-Shape of Example AA6”, such as compound AA7, following the procedure described in Example AA6.
  • Figure 7. Synthetic scheme of “Glycol U-Shape of Example AA7”, such as compound AA8, following the procedure described in Example AA7.
  • Figure 8. Synthetic scheme of “Fully glycol U-Shape of Example AA8”, including synthetic steps for the synthesis of compound AA9, AA10 and AA11, following the procedure described in Example AA8.
  • Figure 9. Synthetic scheme of “DER U-Shape of Example AA9”, including synthetic steps for the synthesis of compound AA12 and AA13, following the procedure described in Example AA9.
  • Compound DD2 (“2,7- Dihidroxypyrene of Example DD2”) is obtained.
  • Compound DD3 (“3-(2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethoxy) ethoxy) prop-1-eneof Example DD3”) is formed by the addition of allyl bromide to a solution of NaH and2-(2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethoxy) ethanol.
  • FIG. 42 Schematic of dogbone mold used to make dogbone shaped samples for tensile mechanical testing. Dimensions are in mm.
  • Figure 43 Average tensile modulus data of the Pyrene SWNT-ML-PP dogbones prepared in Example FF4 with standard deviation.
  • Figure 44 Average tensile modulus data of the Pyrene SWNT-ML-HDPE dogbones prepared per Example FF8 with standard deviation.
  • Figure 45 Average tensile modulus data of the Pyrene SWNT-ML-LDPE dogbones prepared in Example FF9 with standard deviation.
  • Figure 46 Films of Example FF11.
  • FIG. 49 Indentation hardness values for PS-NH2 and PS-AMIDE- MINTs of Example EE15C calculated from indentation curves.
  • Figure 49 AFM Indentation measurements.
  • (left) AFM Indentation force-displacement curves for PS- reference (blue), neat PS-NH2 (orange) and PS-AMIDE- MINTs of Example EE15C (green).
  • the JKR model fit for each curve is shown as a dashed line.
  • Diamino-Boc U-Shape Synthesis a. Another synthetic route of Diamino-Boc U-Shape GG2e. b. Different conditions to prepare the Diamino-Boc spacer GG2e. c. Synthesis of a similar Diamino-Boc U-Shape using succinic anhydride.
  • Figure 60 Synthesis of Amido U-Shape GG6d.
  • Amido U-Shape GG6d a. Synthesis of Amido U-Shape GG6d b. Alternative route to obtain the Amido U-Shape GG6d.
  • FIG. 68 shows the structures of some of the compounds synthesized, as follows: (A) Compound HH-1, “ROMP-OTs derivate of Example HH11”; Compound HH-2, “ROMP-N3 derivate of Example HH11”;Compound HH-3, alkyne U-shape; Compound HH-4, “ROMP-U-shape derivate of Example HH11”. (B) Compound HH-5, “ROMP-OTs-acid derivate of Example HH13”; Compound HH-6, “ROMP-N3-acid derivate of Example HH13”; Compound HH-7, “ROMP-U-shape-acid derivate of Example HH13”.
  • Compound HH-8 “ROMP polymer-coated SWNTs having free terminal acyl chloride groups of Example HH15”; Compound HH-9, “Nylon 6,6 reinforced with ROMP polymer-coated SWNTs of Example HH16”.
  • D Compound HH-10.
  • E Compound HH-11;
  • F Compound HH-12;
  • G Compound HH-13;
  • H Compound HH-14);
  • I Schematic of the processing of commercial thermoset polyurethane (ALEXIT® BladeRep LEP 9) composites with diamino-boc MINTs;
  • Figure 69 Compound HH-8, “ROMP polymer-coated SWNTs having free terminal acyl chloride groups of Example HH15”;
  • Compound HH-9 “Nylon 6,6 reinforced with ROMP polymer-coated SWNTs of Example HH16”.
  • D Compound HH
  • FIG 70 General formulation of thermoplastic polyurethane Figure 71. Different sequences of events leading to polymer composites Figure 72. Different sequences of events leading to ROMP polymer-carbon nanotube composite materials
  • Figure 73 Sequence 1, reaction used to generate polystyrene-coated Tuballs SWNTs.
  • Figure 74 Sequence 2, reaction used to generate polyaminoacid-coated SWNTs.
  • Figure 75 Sequence 3A, reaction used to generate polyurethane-coated Tuballs SWNTs.
  • Sequence 3B reaction used to generate polyvinylchloride-coated SWNTs.
  • Figure 77. Sequence 3C reaction used to generate epoxy-coated DWNTs.
  • Figure 78 General formulation of thermoplastic polyurethane
  • Figure 71 Different sequences of events leading to polymer composites
  • Figure 72 Different sequences of events leading to ROMP polymer-carbon nanotube composite materials
  • Figure 73 Sequence 1, reaction used to generate polystyrene-coated Tuball
  • the fibers can be made of the same polymer but having different nanotube content and alignment in each individual composite fiber type.
  • Figure 88. Composite nanotube fibers offer a huge range of moduli and strengths.
  • Figure 89. Composite made of solid part or semi-cured part (SE1) and composite fiber part (SE2).
  • the mechanical tensile test results for 125k PS-NH 2 composite (compound JJ11) were presented in the table in Figure JJ1.
  • Figure 92. The mechanical tensile test results for 921k PS-NH 2 and composite (compounds JJ12-13) were summarized in the table in Figure JJ2.
  • a crack is seen, with nanotubes/nanocomposite bridging two opposing surfaces of the crack.
  • the starting point for the present invention The formation of covalently closed rings and Lassos around nanofillers such as nanotubes and graphene, covered in earlier patent applications such as those cited above, serve as a starting point for the present invention.
  • steps A-C the complexation of covalently closed rings and nanotubes, represented by steps A-C below: Step A. Providing one or more nanotubes. Step B. Providing one or more Ushapes. Step C.
  • Step D Attachment of a structural entity (SE), such as a polymer, nanotube, organic or inorganic molecule or particle, metal or any other through a covalent bond.
  • SE structural entity
  • Step D may involve adding monomers (also called building blocks) that in situ may form the structural entity, by reactions between monomers to form the structural entity (“in situ” shall here mean “in the presence of nanotubes”), e.g.
  • the average length of the polymer, or of each of a set of polymers with different average lengths may be varied as follows: i) by varying number of initiator-carrying rings per nanotube, ii) by addition of an activator molecule that can turn a group carried on the rings of the nanotube into a more efficient initiator molecule, or iii) by having rings carrying reactive groups X, and then adding Y-initiator molecules, where one part of the Y-initiator molecule carries a reactive group Y, capable of reacting with X, and another moiety capable of initiating a polymerization.
  • the rings are first formed in order to disperse the nanotubes and mix them efficiently into a polymer or any other matrix, including gels or gel-like matrices, to form a composite. Then the rings are cleaved by an external stimuli such as UV-light exposure, a change in temperature, acid or base treatment, or soaking-in of cleaving reagents. This partly or fully releases the ring from its complex with the nanotube, thereby making the nanotube composite more electrically conductive and/or more heat conducting. Moreover, in the embodiment immediately below, we have combined this increased-conductivity approach with the repairable-composite approach, to obtain electrically conductive and/or heat conducting materials that can be repaired after exposure to external stress.
  • an external stimuli such as UV-light exposure, a change in temperature, acid or base treatment, or soaking-in of cleaving reagents.
  • a coated nanotube-polymer composite is first generated where the nanotubes are coated with rings, and where the polymer matrix is not fully cured, i.e. the matrix in addition to polymers contain both monomers and initiators that may react upon a stimuli such as heat or UV light. Then the rings (the electrical “insulation” on the nanotubes) are removed to generate a composite material comprising polymer and naked nanotubes with significant electrical conductivity. The composite material may now be molded into the desired product shape. During the product’s use it may become damaged by the generation of microscopic cracks, e.g. as a consequence of repeated stress cycles or impacts.
  • the product may then be repaired by applying an external stimuli which makes the monomers and polymerization initiators react, thereby producing new polymers in the composite, and particularly, in the cracks of the product.
  • the repair of the cracks will partly or fully allow the composite material, and hence the product, to regain its strength and electrical conductivity.
  • the process for making the product may be described by the following steps: Step 1. Carbon nanotubes are provided as a powder. Step 2. Ushapes, capable of wrapping around the nanotube and carrying a reactive group X at both ends of the Ushape molecule, and comprising a photocleavable group that upon cleavage produces two halves of the Ushape, are provided as a powder. Step 3.
  • a catalyst capable of catalysing the ligation reaction of the two reactive groups X of the Ushape.
  • Mechanical energy is provided, e.g. by performing ball milling for a period of time, to produce nanotubes coated with rings, where the rings are the ligation products of the Ushapes.
  • Monomers and polymerization initiators e.g. diamine and epoxy, for formation of polyepoxide
  • the polymer is formed by e.g. heating or further ball milling, to produce a product made up of a composite comprising polymer and well dispersed, coated nanotubes.
  • the process for repairing the product may be described by the following steps: The product is heated, to initiate further polymerization, which will reestablish the composite in e.g. areas where cracks have developed. Following this step, the composite material will have regained (some of) its strength and conductivity characteristics. Bridging or protruding nanofillers present a scaffold for the regeneration of nanocomposite material in a crack. The presence of the nanofiller, as well as the rings or lassos making up the coating of the nanofillers, present new opportunities for the repair of composite materials. In the following, several examples of approaches to the repair of nanocomposites are presented.
  • the general approaches are relevant to all kinds of nanocomposites, and the variations of the below principles of repair can all be combined, to repair any given nanocomposite.
  • a nanofiller such as a nanotube in a composite material that has been damaged by e.g. an impact or extension, can make the repair process more efficient by exploiting the scaffolding properties of the nanofiller.
  • the nanofiller may bridge across the recently generated crack, and the bridging nanofiller can therefore serve as a scaffold for the new matrix material to attach to, thereby forming a strong bridging matrix. If the nanofiller does not bridge across a crack, it can still serve as a scaffold for the formation of a composite material to fill out and repair the crack.
  • the nanocomposite material may be regenerated in the cracks, even without addition of nanofiller, in the form of nanotube or graphene – is an important aspect of the present invention. As described above, this is possible because the nanofiller may bridge across cracks in the nanocomposite material or at least protrude from the interior surface of the crack. The bridging or protruding nanofillers thus serve as a scaffold from which the new composite material in the crack can grow and expand.
  • nanocomposite materials can be repaired using the present invention, including e.g. thermoset composites, thermoplast composites, ceramics composites, metal composites, and concrete.
  • Ceramics, concrete, and gypsum may benefit strongly from the reinforcing effects of coated nanotubes. These materials are typically rather brittle, and have low impact strength. It is therefore often beneficial to include coated carbon nanotube, to form the corresponding ceramics-, concrete- and gypsum composites. See e.g. Examples 1-4. • Cracks form relatively easy on ceramics-, concrete- and gypsum composites, wherefore it is attractive to be able to perform repair on products comprising these composites. In Examples 1-4, a number of approaches for the repair of such damaged composites are described, including the repair by a like matrix, as well as repair by either a thermoset polymer- or thermoplastic polymer system.
  • thermoset material being repaired with a thermoplast material
  • thermoplast material e.g. repairing a thermoset product by dipping it into a thermoplast coating, to allow the thermoplast coating to fill out the external cracks in the thermoset material, and potentially reacting or associating with the nanofillers or the rings or lassos on the nanofiller, to restore or at least improve the integrity of the composite material
  • a concrete product being repaired with a thermoset e.g. a concrete bridge, being repaired with a glass-fiber/epoxy coating
  • thermoplast product being coated with a layer of metal, to fill out the external cracks of the thermoplast and thereby regain strength.
  • the initial nanocomposite is made up of nanotubes and graphene, both coated with rings carrying epoxy groups, and mixed with the two components of a thermoset, i.e.
  • thermoset component A an epoxy resin
  • polyamine mix comprising i) a compound comprising three aliphatic, primary amines, ii) a compound comprising three aliphatic, secondary amines, and iii) a compound comprising three anilines (thermoset component B).
  • thermoset component B a compound comprising three anilines
  • the aliphatic, primary amine is highly reactive, the remaining two kinds of amine (the aliphatic, secondary amine and the aniline) will not be significantly incorporated into the network of the thermoset composite, and will therefore be “resting” until activated by a higher temperature. If, after a damage to the composite material, upon which some of the (unreacted) secondary amine and the aniline may diffuse to the cracks that have been generated, the material is exposed to a temperature where the (resting) secondary amine and the aniline is significantly reactive they will react with the unreacted epoxy groups, both those epoxy groups that are part of the coating of the nanotubes and the graphenes, and those that are not part of the coating.
  • thermoset network will be generated in the crack, where the network also involves the scaffolding structures of the nanotubes and the graphenes.
  • the initial nanocomposite is made up of nanotubes and graphene, both coated with rings carrying epoxy groups, and mixed with the two components of a thermoset, i.e.
  • thermoset component A an epoxy resin (thermoset component A), and a polyamine mix comprising i) a compound comprising three aliphatic, primary amines, and ii) a compound comprising three aliphatic, primary amines that are protected (“inactivated”) by a UV-cleavable moiety, and where the ratio of unprotected amine:protected amine is 10:1.
  • the two thermoset components are mixed in equivalent molar amounts as regards the reactive groups (epoxy group in equivalent molar amount to the unprotected and protected amino groups in total), at most 90% of the epoxy groups will react with an amine. As a result, 10% of the epoxy groups and the protected amino groups will be “resting” until activated by a UV exposure.
  • thermoset network will be generated in the crack, where the network also involves the scaffolding structures of the nanotubes and the graphenes.
  • the initial nanocomposite is made up of nanotubes and graphene, both coated with rings carrying epoxy groups, and mixed with the two components of a thermoset, i.e. an epoxy resin (thermoset component A), and a relatively small polyamine compound carrying three primary, aliphatic amines (thermoset component B). If, in the original composite material, the two thermoset components are mixed in a ratio where the epoxy group is in excess to the amino groups, then only part of the epoxy resin will be incorporated into the network of the thermoset composite, whereas most or all of the amino groups will react and become part of the thermoset composite network.
  • a thermoset i.e. an epoxy resin
  • thermoset component B a relatively small polyamine compound carrying three primary, aliphatic amines
  • the composite material is soaked in the same primary, aliphatic amine, or soaked in a solvent comprising the same primary, aliphatic amine
  • the (small) primary, aliphatic amine may diffuse into the composite material and fill up internal cracks, or at least flow into the external cracks, where it will react with the unreacted epoxy groups – both those epoxy groups that are part of the coating of the nanotubes and the graphenes, and those that are not part of the coating – and thereby regenerate thermoset composite network in the cracks.
  • a thermoset network will be generated in the crack, where the network also involves the scaffolding structures of the nanotubes and the graphenes.
  • the externally added compounds can be short polymers, which are then reacted with reactive groups in the composite material.
  • Short polymers may also be by-products of the initial matrix-generation which are then used as reactants during the repair process. For example, polymerization reactions may terminate early, thereby generating short polymers of 100-5000 kDal. Certain polymerization reactions also can lead to chain exchange, which sometimes will generate short polymer chains of 100- 2000 kDal. Also, external stimuli such as sunlight, high temperature, or exposure to chemicals, acid or base, may lead to polymer chain cleavage, and therefore, to short polymers of 100- 5000 kDal, e.g.
  • short polymers of 100-500 kDal or 500-2000 kDal. This typically only generates small amounts of short polymers, but because of their small size, this will give a relatively high concentration of polymer ends. If damaged products of nanocomposite materials are soaked in solvents comprising reactants that carry two reactive groups, one of which can react with those polymer ends and the other which can react with the nanofillers of the composite material or can react with the coating of the nanofiller, then this may lead to regeneration of the nanocomposite material in the crack, by linking the (short) polymers embedded in the surface of the crack to the nanofillers protruding from the surface of the crack or bridging the crack, thereby repairing the product.
  • concentration of short polymers are sometimes in the range of 1 ⁇ M – 10 ⁇ M, or in the range of 10 ⁇ M – 100 ⁇ M, or in the range of 100 ⁇ M – 1 mM.
  • repairing monomers In circumstances where exposure to high external stress is rare, preferred concentrations are in the range of 0.1 nM – 1 nM, or in the range of 1 nM – 10 nM, or in the range of 10 nM – 100 nM, or in the range of 100 nM – 1 ⁇ M.
  • Monomers participating in the repairing process may be designed so they don’t diffuse easily through the network structure of the material.
  • the monomers that are supposed to participate in the healing process can be relatively long or bulky compounds that do not easily diffuse through the network structure of the material, and therefore do not get to react with the initiators or terminators until a crack is generated.
  • the diffusion-slow monomers may react with initiators, generate polymer structures and/or terminate on terminators.
  • the healing monomers can also be designed so that they need activation by e.g. temperature or UV-exposure, in order to react with initiator.
  • the healing monomers can then be activated after formation of the material specimen, and may then heal the material by formation of polymers across the crack.
  • the composite material comprises an activatable and orthogonal polymerization system that does not interfere with the polymerization system that initially produced the composite material (i.e. a set of initiator, monomer and/or terminator that does not lead to polymerization during the initial formation of the material specimen, and that does not react with the polymerization system that produces the initial material specimen).
  • the polymerization process Upon activation of the orthogonal polymerization system by e.g. heat or UV-exposure, the polymerization process will be initiated, in particular in the crack space.
  • the initiator, monomer, and/or terminator may be residing in solution, or alternatively, one or both of the initiator and terminator may be attached to a ring complexed to a nanofiller, before they are activated. The latter may lead to a stronger composite being formed in the crack, because of the resulting attachment to the ring and thereby to the nanofiller.
  • the polymerization capability, and hence the healing capacity of the material may be used up by just one activation (e.g.
  • nanofillers coated with two orthogonal, reactive groups, such as e.g. an amino group carried on one type of covalently closed ring on the nanotube, and another type of covalently closed ring on the same nanotube carrying e.g. a styrene.
  • a composite of e.g. polyamide and nanotubes coated with amines and styrene could after damage be repaired by soaking the product comprising the polyamide/nanotube composite in styrene along with appropriate catalysts.
  • the activation of the repair system may involve a change of chemical structure of a precursor of the initiator, monomer, other reactive species, and/or terminator (e.g. cleavage and deprotection of an amine carrying a protection group, by UV light exposure), or it may simply involve a change in conditions such as e.g. an increase in temperature that makes the initiator, monomer, other reactive species, and/or terminator become more reactive (e.g. increasing the temperature of an polyepoxide polymer composite that still contains some unreacted epoxy and amine components; by increasing the temperature the reaction (curing) of the epoxy and the amine is increased, leading to further polyepoxide formation).
  • a change of chemical structure of a precursor of the initiator, monomer, other reactive species, and/or terminator e.g. cleavage and deprotection of an amine carrying a protection group, by UV light exposure
  • a change in conditions such as e.g. an increase in temperature that makes the initiator, monomer, other reactive
  • the repair system and the system that make up the major part of the material specimen may be the same or may be different systems. Generally, a change in temperature (most often an increase in temperature) will make the reacting species in the material more reactive, and therefore can mediate repair. In such materials, the repair system and the system that make up the major part of the material can with little effort be designed to be the same.
  • a specific example is the epoxy system referred to above; by not fully curing the material specimen during its preparation, unreacted epoxy species and amine species may remain in the material specimen, and can thus be used to repair the material at a later stage.
  • the reactive species may be attached to e.g. rings, polymers, ring and polymer, and will therefore lead to, respectively, linkage of rings, polymers, or linkage of ring and polymer.
  • the repair system and the system that make up the major part of the material specimen may be different systems.
  • An example of such a material could be a polypropylene- CNT composite material comprising precursors of polyamide polymers, where the polypropylene polymer was generated from a radial polymerization process, to produce the majority of polymer (e.g. ⁇ 99% of the polymer and reactive species) in the material specimen.
  • the remaining ⁇ 1% of the (potentially) reactive species could then be dicarboxylic acid clorides and diamines, protected with UV-cleavable protection groups.
  • damage e.g. in the form of crack generation
  • UV-light would generate reactive diamines, capable of reacting with the dicarboxylic acid chlorides to produce polyamide polymers.
  • Filling out cracks in the material specimen, and potentially linking rings complexed to the CNT with polymers, would repair the damaged material specimen. •
  • the repair reactants e.g.
  • the repair reactants may diffuse into the interior of the material, or may just diffuse into the cracks on the surface.
  • all or most of the material will be repaired; in the latter scenario it may only be the exterior cracks that are repaired, by the repair reactants filling out the cracks on the surface.
  • repair will take place and improve the characteristics of the material at least to some degree.
  • the initial characteristics of a material specimen such as e.g.
  • stiffness and conductivity are much more important than the ability of the material specimen to be repaired after having been exposed to high stress. This will for example be the case for specimens that are unlikely to experience sudden or high-impact exposures to stress, including e.g. gears that turn continuously and that must be stiff enough to maintain their shape during operation, must be able to transfer generated heat away from the gear, and that must be able to transfer static electricity away from the gear. In such cases, it is desirable to limit the amount of unreacted initiators, monomers, terminators and other reactive species, as well as catalysts, in order to make the material specimen as ideal as possible from the start.
  • the concentration of initiators and/or monomers and/or reactive species and/or terminators and/or catalysts are kept at a low but significant concentration after the initial formation of the composite material product, such as in the range of 1-10 fM, or in the range of 10-100 fM, or in the range of 0.1 – 1 pM, or in the range of 1-10 pM, or in the range of 10-100 pM, or in the range of 0.1-1nM, or in the range of 1-10 nM, or in the range of 10-100 nM, or in the range of 0.1-1 ⁇ M.
  • the initial characteristics of a material specimen such as e.g.
  • stiffness and conductivity are much less important than the ability of the material specimen to be repaired after having been exposed to high stress.
  • a seat belt consisting of polyepoxide- CNT composite material. It needs a certain, relatively high tensile strength to be safe, and the presence of cracks should be negligible.
  • the conductivity of the polyepoxide-CNT composite seat belt could be used as a measure of its integrity. After having been exposed to high stress (e.g. from a car crash), potentially leading to crack generation in the seat belt, a loss of conductivity of the seat belt would imply that cracks had been generated, leading to a less conductive, and most importantly, a weaker seat belt.
  • the seat belt comprised a significant level of precursors for polyepoxide formation (epoxy and diamine) after its production, the seat belt might now be heated to help the reactive epoxy and amine species flow into the cracks and react to form polyepoxide, to repair the crack. Reconstituting the conductivity would imply that the strength of the seat belt had also been regained.
  • concentration of initiators and/or monomers and/or reactive species and/or terminators and/or catalysts are kept at a relatively high concentration, but still at an appropriately low concentration where the reagents and catalysts are not interfering too negatively with the properties of the composite material.
  • any of the following ranges of concentration of initiators and/or monomers and/or reactive species and/or terminators and/or catalysts may be desirable in a given application: 0.001 fM – 1 fM; 1 fM – 10 fM; 10 fM – 100 fM; 100 fM – 1 pM; 1 pM – 10 pM; 10 pM – 100 pM; 100 pM – 1 nM; 1 nM – 10 nM; 10 nM – 100 nM; 100 nM – 1 ⁇ M; 1 ⁇ M – 10 ⁇ M; 10 ⁇ M – 100 ⁇ M; 100 ⁇ M – 1 mM; 1 mM – 10 mM; 10 mM – 100 mM; or higher than 100 mM.
  • preferred concentrations of by-products include 1 pM – 10 pM; 10 pM – 100 pM; 100 pM – 1 nM; 1 nM – 10 nM; 10 nM – 100 nM; 100 nM – 1 ⁇ M; 1 ⁇ M – 10 ⁇ M; 10 ⁇ M – 100 ⁇ M; 100 ⁇ M – 1 mM; 1 mM – 10 mM; 10 mM – 100 mM; or higher than 100 mM.
  • the cracks may be repaired and/or filled out by newly formed composite material, formed from the reaction involving the catalyst and/or initiator and/or monomer and/or precursor-ML (also termed Ushape).
  • the cracks may be repaired by spontaneous reaction, or may be prompted by external stimuli such as heat, UV, infusion of more reagents or solvent, and/or pressure.
  • Appropriate levels of these reactants and catalysts may be introduced during production of the coated nanotubes, production of polymer and/or during or before the final processing (e.g. injection molding, rotational molding, extrusion) of the product.
  • a thermoset may be prepared comprising two (or more) hardeners that react at different temperatures.
  • the final product may contain a large amount of the other hardener, still unreacted.
  • the damaged product may be repaired by exposing the product to conditions that makes the unreacted hardener react – e.g. conditions such as higher heat or pressure or UV light exposure.
  • an appropriate amount of one or more of the reagents and catalysts can vary a lot.
  • Nanotubes are mixed with Ushape molecules and catalysts, to produce coated tubes, i.e. nanotube-ML complexes. Upon input of mechanical energy in the form of e.g.
  • coated nanotubes are formed where the Ushapes have been covalently closed around the nanotubes, to form a monolayer of organic material around the nanotubes.
  • the polymer and coated nanotubes are mixed, to produce a high-strength nanocomposite with relatively high electrical conductivity, because of the relative ease by which the nanotubes are well dispersed in the polymer because of their organic coating layer.
  • the coating may be cleaved, to leave the naked nanotubes well dispersed in the matrix.
  • a repair system may be incorporated into the composite material design.
  • One such repair system is e.g. epoxy and diamine, which may be added to the major matrix material, and go through the material production systems without generating polyepoxides. But once external stress has created cracks in the material, the cracks may be filled out and the material repaired by heating the material specimen, to allow polyepoxide formation and crack repair. Other repair systems are described.
  • a composite comprising a nanofiller and an initiator is described, where the concentration of the initiator is in the range of 1-10 pM, or in the range of 10-100 pM, or in the range of 100 pM-1nM, or in the range of 1-10 nM, or in the range of 10-100 nM, or in the range of 100-1000 nM, or in the range of 1-10 ⁇ M, or in the range of 10-100 ⁇ M, or in the range of 100-1000 ⁇ M, or in the range of 1-10 mM, or in the range of 10-100 mM.
  • Cationic polymerization is a type of chain-growth polymerization in which a cationic initiator transfers charge to a monomer which then becomes reactive.
  • the general reaction mechanism is shown immediately below: such as alkoxy, phenyl, or alkyl readily polymerize in the presence of very small amounts of a catalyst of the type used in Friedel-Crafts reactions.
  • effective catalysts are AlCl 3 , AlBr 3 , BF 3 , TiCl 4 , SnCl 4 .
  • strong protonic acids such as H 2 SO 4 , HClO 4 or H 3 PO 4 are also used.
  • the Friedel-Craft catalysts are examples of Lewis acids with strong electron-acceptor capability.
  • the initiator is chosen from the group consisting of inorganic peroxides, peroxo compounds, ozonides, superoxides, sodium peroxoborates, sodium carbonate peroxohydrate, peroxodisulfate salts, calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide, and potassium superoxide.
  • the peroxide is chosen from the group consisting of di(tert-butyl) peroxide, di(tert-amyl) peroxide, di(3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylbutyl) peroxide, di(tert-octyl) peroxide, di(tert-hexyl) peroxide, di(methylcyclopentyl) peroxide and di(methylcyclohexyl) peroxide.
  • the peroxide is chosen from the group consisting of di(tert-butyl) and di(tert-amyl) peroxide. More preferentially still, the dialkyl peroxide is di(tert-amyl) peroxide (DTA).
  • dialkyl peroxide is chosen from the group consisting of di(tert- butyl) peroxide (DTBP), di(3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylbutyl) peroxide, di(tert-octyl) peroxide or di(tert- hexyl) peroxide, di(tert-amyl) peroxide, di(tert-butyl) peroxide, di(3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylbutyl) peroxide, di(tert-octyl) peroxide, dicumyl peroxide and di(tert-hexyl) peroxide.
  • DTBP di(tert- butyl) peroxide
  • di(3-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylbutyl) peroxide di(tert-octyl) peroxide or di(tert- hexyl) peroxide
  • di(tert-amyl) peroxide di(tert-butyl) per
  • initiators are chosen from the group consisting of peroxyesters, hemiperoxyacetals and peroxyacetals.
  • the term “hemiperoxyacetal” is understood to mean a compound of general formula (R 3 )(R 4 )C(—OR 1 )(—OOR 2 ), in which: R 1 represents a linear or branched, preferably C 1 -C 12 , preferably C 1 -C 4 , more preferably C 1 , alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group with R 2 , R 2 represents a linear or branched, preferably C 1 -C 12 , preferably C 4 -C 12 , more preferably C 5 , alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group with R 1 , R 3 represents a hydrogen or a linear or branched, preferably C 1 -C 12 , more preferably C 4 -C 12 , alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group with R 4 , R 4 represents a
  • R 3 forms a cycloalkyl group with R 4 .
  • R 4 is a linear or branched, preferably C 1 -C 12 , more preferably C C 4 -C 12 , alkyl group.
  • a peroxide is a peroxyesters having the general structure Ry -(C(O)OO)n R'xx, wherein: (a) x, y, and n are 1 or 2; (b) when x is 2, y is 1 and n is 2; (c) when y is 2, x is 1 and n is 2; (d) when x, y and n are 1, p is selected from the group consisting of a primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl of 1 to 17 carbons, aryl or substituted aryl of 6 to 14 carbons, and cycloalkyl of 3 to 12 carbons, and R' is selected from the group consisting of a tertiary alkyl of 4 to 12 carbons, a tertiary aralkyl of 9 to 18 carbons, and tertiary cycloalkyl of 6 to 12 carbons; (e) when x is 2, R is a diradical selected from alkylene of 1
  • the peroxide is tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate.
  • the peroxide is chosen from the group consisting of Diisobutyryl-peroxide (DI), Cumol-peroxyneodecanoate (CND), 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl-peroxyneodecanoate (OPN), tert.- Amyl-peroxyneodecanoate (APN), Di-(4-tert.-butyl-cyclohexyl)-peroxydicarbonate (BCC), Di-(2- ethylhexyl)-peroxydicarbonate (EPS), tert.-Butyl-peroxyneodecanoate (PND), Di-n-butyl- peroxydicarbonate (NBC), Dicetyl-peroxydicarbonate (C124), Dimyristil-peroxidicarbonate (C126), 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl-peroxy
  • Azo initiators Aliphatic azonitriles and related compounds are widely used as initiators for polymerization. They have been first used on an industrial scale as blowing agents in the preparation of light-weight plastics since nitrogen is released during thermal decomposition.
  • the azo compounds have the general formula X a carboxylic acid derivative such as a nitrile or ester group.
  • the initiator is 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyrylnitrile (AIBN).
  • Persulfate initiators In preferred embodiments, the initiator is a persulfate such as sodium persulfate, potassium, or ammonium persulfate.
  • the initiator is an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator.
  • the initiator is chosen from the group consisting of 2-bromopropanitrile (BPN), ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (BriB), ethyl 2-bromopropionate (EBrP), methyl 2-bromopropionate (MBrP), 1-phenyl ethylbromide (1-PEBr), tosyl chloride (TsCl), 1-cyano-1- methylethyldiethyldithiocarbamte (MANDC), 2-(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamyl)-isobutyric acid ethyl ester (EMADC), dimethyl 2,6-dibromoheptanedioate (DMDBHD).
  • the equilibrium constant of the initiator is between 10 -12 and 1.
  • the equilibrium constant of the initiator is between 10 -12 and 1.
  • RAFT reverseversible addition ⁇ fragmentation chain transfer
  • polymerization involves one or more addition ⁇ fragmentation chain transfer agents (RAFT agents) that possess high transfer coefficients in free radical polymerization and confer living character on the polymerization.
  • RAFT agents addition ⁇ fragmentation chain transfer agents
  • a RAFT agent is chosen from the group consisting of thiocarbonylthio compounds such as dithioesters, dithiocarbamates, trithiocarbonates, and xanthates. In preferred embodiments, a RAFT agent is chosen from the group shown on the following image:
  • a RAFT agent is chosen from the group shown on the following image:
  • a RAFT agent is a thiocarbonylthio compound of the formula: 3;
  • R 1 is alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, haloalkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyaryl, alkyl sulfide, or alkylsilyl;
  • R 2 and R 3 are independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, alkoxy, alkyl sulfide, or alkylsilyl;
  • R 4 and R 5 are independently H, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylamino, alkoxy, alkyl sulfide, or alkylsilyl, or R 4 and R 5 link together with the carbon
  • a catalyst or initiator of anionic polymerization is chosen from the group consisting of alkali-earth-metal-lactamates and alkali-earth-metal-lactamate forming compounds, or the residues thereof.
  • an initiator is an electron donor, such as an electron transfer agent or strong anion.
  • an initiator is an electron donor, such as a Lewis bases or a nucleophile, such as alkali metals, such as lithium or sodium.
  • an initiator is a strong nucleophilic initiator, such as ionic metal amides, alkoxides, hydroxides, amines, phosphines, cyanides, and organometallic compounds such as alkyl lithium compounds and Grignard reagents.
  • anionic polymerization is used to functionalize polymers, for example by reacting the active chain ends with electrophilic reagents which yields a wide variety of telechelic polymers.
  • the electrophilic reagents is chosen from the group consisting of epoxide, aziridine, and CO 2.
  • the electrophilic reagents is chosen such the the group formed is -OH, -SH, -NH 2 , COCH 3 , or -COOH, to name only a few.
  • a catalyst is chosen from AlCl 3 , AlBr 3 , BF 3 , TiCl 4 , SnCl 4, a strong protonic acid such as H 2 SO 4 , HClO 4 or H 3 PO 4 .
  • a catalyst is a Friedel-Craft catalyst are examples of Lewis acids with strong electron-acceptor capability.
  • an initiator complex exists in a form chosen from the group consisting of ionized molecules, ion pairs and free (solvated) ions.
  • a polyester is formed by reaction of a compound of the general formula HO-R 1 -OH with a monomer chosen from the group consisting of an anhydride, an acid chloride, a carbon suboxide, an ester, a nitrile, and a dicarboxylic acid, where a monomer is chosen from a formula in the following image and where R1 and R2 is any chemical moiety and n is 1 to 10 40 :
  • a catalyst or initiator of cationic polymerization is chosen from the group consisting of aromatic diazonium salts, aromatic sulfonium salts, aromatic iodonium salts, alkyl sulfonium salts, (6-cumene)(5-cyclopentadienyl)iron hexafluorophosphate, titanocenes, sulfonyloxy ketones and triaryl-siloxyethers, and any combinations thereof, wherein the alkyl group has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and the aryl group has 7 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • cationic initiators low nucleophilicity of their anion is desired for the initiation and propagation reaction.
  • the anion is chosen from the group consisting of perfluorinated weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) like tetrafluoroborates, hexafluoroantimonates, hexafluorophosphates, hexafluoroarsenates, trifluoromethane-sulfonamides, teflate-based anions, bridged alkoxy aluminates and borates, cyanide-bridged boranes and trifluoromethanesulfonamide.
  • WCAs may applied as an ionic liquid, electrolyte, or catalyst as appropriate.
  • one or more monomers are chosen from the group consisting of acetylenes, acrylic acids (acrylics), aldehydes, amino acid n-carboxy anhydrides, amino acids (amino carboxylic acid), anilines, aromatic ethers, bifunctional monomer (polycondensation type / polyaddition type), carbon multibonding monomer (addition polymerization type), carbonates (carbonic acid derivatives), cyclic acid anhydrides, cyclic amines, cyclic carbonates, cyclic ethers, cyclic imides, cyclic iminoethers, cyclic olefins, cyclic sulfides, diamines, dicarboxylic acids, dienes, dihalides (dihalogenated compounds), diisocyanates, diketones, diols, halo-olefins, hydroxy acids (oxy carboxylic acid), lactams, lactones, melamines, o
  • Terminators In polymer chemistry, there are several mechanisms by which a polymerization reaction can terminate depending on the mechanism and circumstances of the reaction. A method of termination that applies to all polymer reactions is the depletion of monomer.
  • chain growth polymerization two growing chains can collide head-to-head causing the growth of both chains to stop.
  • radical or anionic polymerization chain transfer can occur where the radical at the end of the growing chain can be transferred from the chain to an individual monomer unit causing a new chain to start growing and the previous chain to stop growing.
  • step-growth polymerization the reaction can be terminated by adding a monofunctional species containing the same functionality as one or more of the types of monomers used in the reaction.
  • a polymerization terminator is chosen from the group consisting of a radical polymerization terminator, an atom transfer radical polymerization terminator, a reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization terminator, an anionic polymerization terminator, a cationic polymerization terminator, a polyaddition terminator.
  • a polymerization terminator is chosen from the group consisting of terminators of polymerization of one or more polymers in “Polymer List A” in this document: Below, in “Polymer List A”, various polymers are listed, all of which can be employed in the present invention.
  • Polymer List A An acrylic polymer; acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS); an aldehyde condensation polymer; an aliphatic polyether; an alkyds and oil-free coating polyester; an aramid; butyl rubber; cellulose acetate; cellulose nitrate; a cellulosic; a cyanoacrylate polymer; a diene polymer; an epoxy; an ethylene- propylene copolymer; a fluoroelastomer; a heterochain polymer; a melamine-formaldehyde polymer; a meta-aramid polymer; nitrile rubber; nylon; a para-aramid; poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA); poly bisphenol A carbonate (PC); poly butylene terephthalate (PBT); poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS); poly dodecano-12-lactam (Nylon 12); poly ether ketone ket
  • ethylene/norbornene like COC ethylene/1 -olefins copolymers, where the 1 -olefin is generated in-situ; propylene/butadiene copolymers, isobutylene/isoprene copolymers, ethylene/vinylcyclohexene copolymers, ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers and their salts (ionomers) as well as terpolymers of ethylene with propylene and a diene such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene-norbornene; and mixtures of such copolymers with one another and with polymers mentioned in 1 ) above, for example polypropylene/ethylene-propylene copolymers, LDPE/ethylene-vinyl-
  • tackifiers and mixtures of polyalkylenes and starch; Homopolymers and copolymers from 1.) - 4.) may have any stereostructure including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemi-isotactic or atactic.
  • aliphatic polyesters may comprise, for example - but are not limited to - the class of poly(hydroxyalkanoates), in particular, poly(propiolactone), poly(butyrolactone), poly(pivalolactone), poly(valerolactone) and poly(caprolactone), polyethylenesuccinate, polypropylenesuccinate, polybutylenesuccinate, polyhexamethylenesuccinate, polyethyleneadipate, polypropyleneadipate, polybutyleneadi-pate, polyhexamethyleneadipate, polyethyleneoxalate, polypropyleneoxalate, polybutylene-oxalate, polyhexamethyleneoxalate, polyethylenesebacate, polypropylenesebacate and polybutylenesebacate, as well as corresponding polyesters modified with polycarbonates or MBS; Polycarbonates and polyester carbonates; Polyketones; Polysulfones, polyether sulfones and polyether ketones; Crosslinked poly(
  • the composite materials of the present invention may be processed in a number of ways.
  • the following list (“List of processing methods for composite materials of the present invention”) is a non- comprehensive list of processing methods amenable to the composite materials of the present invention, in particular to polymer composites. “List of processing methods for composite materials of the present invention”.
  • SE2 is chosen from a platinum group metal; a pozzolanic material; acrylic polymers; aggregates; albite; alite; alumina; alumina oxide; alumina toughened zirconia; aluminium hydrogen oxide; aluminium oxide hydroxide; aluminium trihydroxide; aluminosilicates; aluminum nitride; aluminum oxide; anorthite; antimony oxide; apatite-mullite glass-ceramic; aphthitalite; arcanite; ash; barite; barium carbonate; barium oxide; barium sulfate; barium titanate; bassanite; belite, larnite; bismuth oxide; boehmite; bone ash; bone china; borates oxide; boron carbide; boron nitride; brownmillerite; brucite; calcite; calcium aluminate cement; calcium aluminates; calcium carbonate; calcium chloride; calcium dialuminate; calcium ferr
  • nanotubes e.g. carbon nanotubes
  • Such preparations of nanotubes often contain undesired compounds, aggregates and particles, because their synthesis often involve the generation of e.g. fullerenes, nanotube aggregates and nanotube bundles; nanotubes associated with metal nanoparticles, larger metal particles, or metal-carbon particles; particles comprising metals and / or carbon, amorphous carbon, and many more.
  • Another embodiment of the invention involves the complexation of nanotubes with mechanical ligands (ML), e.g. in the form of Ushapes that are consequently closed around the nanotubes to form covalently closed rings around the nanotubes.
  • ML mechanical ligands
  • the complexation of Ushapes or the closing of the ring around the nanotube may lead to the release of nanoparticles or larger particles from the nanotube, which again may lead to the formation of larger particles from these released particles.
  • the nanotube-ML complexes may bind to multiple other nanotube-ML complexes, eventually leading to the formation of particles comprising a large number of nanotube-ML complexes. Often, it is desirable to also remove these particles from the nanotube-ML preparation.
  • Yet other embodiments of the invention involve polymerization reactions, to form polymers.
  • aggregates and particles often interfere with the characteristics of the materials and products, and particularly the strength characteristics (tensile-, flexural-, torsional-, and compression strength) is much negatively affected by the presence of aggregates and particles.
  • by-products can be beneficial, for example in the repair of the composite material post product-production, if the by-product can participate as a reactant in the repair reaction, or if the by-product serves as e.g. a plasticizer with a positive effect on the desired characteristics in the repaired composite material.
  • acceptable levels of these undesired compounds can vary from very low (e.g.1 pM) to high (e.g.10 mM) or even very high 100 mM. Therefore, preferred concentrations of by-products include 1 pM – 10 pM; 10 pM – 100 pM; 100 pM – 1 nM; 1 nM – 10 nM; 10 nM – 100 nM; 100 nM – 1 ⁇ M; 1 ⁇ M – 10 ⁇ M; 10 ⁇ M – 100 ⁇ M; 100 ⁇ M – 1 mM; 1 mM – 10 mM; 10 mM – 100 mM; or higher than 100 mM.
  • the largest aggregate may have smallest dimension of less than 1 cm, such as less than 1 mm, such as less than 0.1 mm, such as less than 0.01 mm, such as less than 1 ⁇ m, such as less than 0.1 ⁇ m, such as less than 0.01 ⁇ m, such as less than 0.005 ⁇ m.
  • some undesired compounds can be modified by external stimuli such as heat or pressure. It may also be possible to dissolve the composite material in e.g. an organic solvent, and then remove the undesired compound by filtration or the like. In some cases it will be possible to eliminate almost entirely the undesired compound by converting them into compounds that may then be evaporated as gases. Below a number of mechanical approaches for the removal or separation of undesired particles and aggregates are described. These include e.g.
  • particles are separated based on their size and composition.
  • the ability to selectively isolate particles of specific characteristics from complex mixtures can be important for ensuring product quality.
  • undesired particles and substances comprised within carbon nanotube preparations are removed, their effect on the quality of the final product minimized or enhanced, or are being dealt with in other ways.
  • the subsequent sections describe the intricacies of particle formation during CNT synthesis and outline methods proposed for their efficient separation.
  • the disclosed techniques aim to overcome existing limitations in particle separation methodologies, especially in combination with other aspects of the invention, in both powdered and liquid states. Below it is described how particle separation, during, under and following nanotube fabrication may be performed.
  • the synthesis of nanotubes, in particular CNT often leads to generation of undesired particles.
  • CNTs are synthesized industrially through various methods, such as Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).
  • NTCs non-tubular carbons
  • ⁇ -C graphite particles
  • graphitic polyhedrons with enclosed metal particles metal particles encapsulated in amorphous carbon
  • metal particles in polyhedral form metal particles in polyhedral form
  • fullerenes Synthesis method of CNT
  • nanotube aggregates and nanotube bundles include nanotube aggregates and nanotube bundles; nanotubes associated with metal nanoparticles, larger metal particles, or metal-carbon particles; particles comprising metals and / or carbon, amorphous carbon, and many more.
  • ML mechanical ligands
  • One embodiment of the invention involves the complexation of nanotubes with mechanical ligands (ML), e.g. in the form of Ushapes that are consequently closed around the nanotubes to form covalently closed rings around the nanotubes.
  • ML mechanical ligands
  • the complexation of Ushapes or the closing of the ring around the nanotube may lead to the release of nanoparticles or larger particles from the nanotube, which again may lead to the formation of larger particles from these released particles.
  • the nanotube-ML complexes may bind to multiple other nanotube-ML complexes, eventually leading to the formation of particles comprising a large number of nanotube-ML complexes. Often, it is desirable to also remove these particles from the nanotube-ML preparation or to disintegrate such complexes to obtain higher yields.
  • One embodiment of the invention involves mixing nanotube-ML complexes with a matrix consisting of e.g. plastic polymers, to form a composite material. Particles and other byproducts may be generated during or following this process.
  • a sample comprises relatively well-dispersed nanotubes, e.g. well dispersed nanotube-ML complexes, where e.g. the largest nanotube aggregates (e.g. pristine SWNTs or SWNT-ML complexes) are of low micrometer dimension, as well as undesired particles (e.g.
  • sieving may be used to separate the large metal particles from the nanotubes, and hence generate a powder comprising nanotubes (e.g. complexed to covalently closed rings) with no particles above 1 mm in size.
  • the primary purpose of the sieving or filtration is to remove the largest aggregates or particles.
  • the holes in the sieve or filter should be large, such as larger than 0.1 ⁇ m, such as larger than 1 ⁇ m, such as larger than 10 ⁇ m, such as larger than 100 ⁇ m, such as larger than 1 mm. The largest particles will then be retained on the filter or sieve or membrane, and the smallest can be recovered from the run-through.
  • the primary purpose is to enrich for the smallest aggregates or particles.
  • the holes in the sieve or filter should be small, such as smaller than 1 mm, such as smaller than 0.1 mm, such as smaller than 0.01 mm, such as smaller than 1 ⁇ m, such as smaller than 0.1 ⁇ m, such as smaller than 0.01 ⁇ m.
  • the primary purpose is to enrich for medium-sized particles or aggregates. In this case, one may first use a sieve of filter or membrane with a medium hole size, to remove all particles and aggregates larger than e.g.10 ⁇ m. Then use a sieve or filter or membrane with hole size smaller than e.g.1 ⁇ m.
  • the two steps of sieving or filtration will thus allow the enrichment of particles and aggregates with dimensions of approximately 1-10 ⁇ m.
  • the pore size or hole size of the filter or sieve or membrane should be in the range of 0.01-0.1 ⁇ m; or 0.1-1 ⁇ m; or 1-10 ⁇ m; or 10-100 ⁇ m; or 100-1000 ⁇ m; or 1000-10000 ⁇ m.
  • the movements of the sieve or filter or membrane, or the movement of the powder or liquid through or across the sieve or filter or membrane may be used to disintegrate particles or aggregates or to clean the sieve or filter or membrane, and the speed of the movements (e.g. back and forth or powder or liquid passing across) will influence the degree to which the particles and aggregates will disintegrate, but also the degree to which the units of the aggregates (e.g. the individual coated tube of an aggregate consisting of coated nanotubes) may get damaged. If the movements are slow, the aggregates may not disintegrate but the units of the aggregates will also not be damaged; if the movements are rapid, the particles and aggregates will to a large degree disintegrate, but damage may occur on the units.
  • the speed of the movements e.g. back and forth or powder or liquid passing across
  • movements of the sieve or filter or membrane, or movement of the powder or liquid through or across the sieve or filter or membrane may preferably be in the range of 0.1 – 100 m/s or more.
  • Dry method 2 Air classification. Techniques such as air classification or sedimentation can be employed to separate particles based on their size differences or density difference in a dry state.
  • a sample comprises relatively well-dispersed nanotubes, e.g. well dispersed nanotube-ML complexes, where e.g. the nanotube aggregates (e.g.
  • pristine SWNTs or SWNT-ML complexes are of particle sizes either larger or smaller than undesired particles (e.g. iron particles), air classification or sedimentation may be used to separate the smaller particles from the larger particles, and hence generate a powder comprising enriched nanotubes (e.g. complexed to covalently closed rings).
  • the relative particle size difference between the particles to be separated should be large, such as larger than a factor 10, such as larger than a factor 2, such as larger than a factor 1.1, such as larger than a factor 1.01.
  • the largest particles will then go to the wall of cyclone and been collected at the bottom, and the smaller particles can be recovered from the vortex airstream going out of the top.
  • air classification is used to enrich (or remove) particular aggregates and particles, such as nanotube aggregates and nanotube bundles; nanotubes associated with metal nanoparticles, larger metal particles, or metal-carbon particles; particles comprising metals and / or carbon, amorphous carbon, particles comprising a large number of nanotube-ML complexes, or any other type of particles or aggregates, Separation of Particles Suspended in Liquids.
  • Sieving, Filtration and Membrane filtration Particle classification techniques like sieving or filtration or membrane separation can be used to separate particles or collides, or molecules based on their size or density in a liquid solution or suspension. The pore size of the sieve or filter or membrane will determine the size cut of the particles being separated.
  • a sample comprises relatively well-dispersed suspended or dissolved nanotubes, e.g. well dispersed suspended or dissolved nanotube-ML complexes, where e.g. the largest nanotube aggregates (e.g.
  • movements of the aggregates may not disintegrate but the units of the aggregates will also not be damaged; if the movements are rapid, the particles and aggregates and colloids will to a large degree disintegrate, but damage may occur on the units. It thus becomes a compromise which speed of the movements to choose. In some instances slow movements with speeds less than 3.0 m/s, such as less than 0.1 m/s. In other instances rapid movements with speeds higher than 3.0 m/s, such as higher than 100 m/s . Thus, depending on the situation and the desired outcome, movements of the sieve or filter or membrane, or movement of the suspension or liquid through or across the membrane or sieve or filter may preferably be in the range of 0.1 – 100 m/s.
  • a sample comprises relatively well-dispersed suspended nanotubes, e.g. well dispersed nanotube-ML complexes, where e.g. the nanotube aggregates (e.g. pristine SWNTs or SWNT-ML complexes) are of particle sizes either larger or smaller than undesired particles (e.g. iron particles), hydrocyclones may be used to separate the smaller particles from the larger particles, and hence generate a suspension comprising enriched nanotubes (e.g. complexed to covalently closed rings).
  • the nanotube aggregates e.g. pristine SWNTs or SWNT-ML complexes
  • undesired particles e.g. iron particles
  • the relative particle size difference between the particles to be separated should be large, such as larger than a factor 10, such as larger than a factor 2, such as larger than a factor 1.1, such as larger than a factor 1.01.
  • the largest particles will then go to the wall of cyclone and been collected at the bottom, and the smaller particles can be recovered from the suspension going out of the top.
  • the primary purpose of the particle classification is to remove the densest aggregates or particles from the less dense particles.
  • the relative particle size difference between the particles to be separated may have to be small, such as smaller than a factor 10, such as smaller than a factor 2, such as smaller than a factor 1.5, such as smaller than a factor 1.05.
  • the densest particles will then go to the wall of cyclone and been collected at the bottom, and the less dense particles can be recovered from the suspension going out of the top.
  • particular aggregates and particles such as nanotube aggregates and nanotube bundles; nanotubes associated with metal nanoparticles, larger metal particles, or metal-carbon particles; particles comprising metals and / or carbon, amorphous carbon, particles comprising a large number of nanotube-ML complexes, or any other type of particles or aggregates
  • the relative particle size difference between the particles to be separated should be in the range of a factor 1.01-1.10; or 1.10-2.0 or 2.9-10.0 or higher.
  • Appropriate sizes of the particles to be separated using this method include particle- or aggregate size ranges of from 10 nm-100nm, 100 nm-500 nm, 500 nm-2 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m-10 ⁇ m, 10-100 ⁇ m, or larger. Disintegration, homogenization, etc. of particles and aggregates
  • SWCNTs single walled carbon nanotubes
  • particles are disintegrated to individualize nanotubes or impurities like metal particles which may enable the coating process of nanotubes or may enable efficient separation of particles in process steps which follow after disintegration step or may enable coated nanotubes applications in various composite materials.
  • undesired particles and substances comprised within carbon nanotube preparations are disintegrated thus to be removed or their effect on the quality of the final product minimized or enhanced, or are being dealt with in other ways.
  • jet milling or ball milling or cryo milling is applied to disintegrate coated nanotubes powder to enable efficient dispersion of nanotubes during composite materials fabrication.
  • jet milling is applied to disintegrate solid state coated nanotubes from metal particles to enable efficient separation of metal particles from coated nanotubes which may be important for the final product quality.
  • the air flow should be in the range of minimum 0.1–1.0 m/s, 1.0-10 m/s, 10–100 m/s, 100–1000 m/s or larger.
  • high pressure homogenization is applied to disintegrate coated nanotubes in a liquid suspension from metal particles to enable efficient separation of metal particles from coated nanotubes which may be important for the final product quality.
  • the homogenization pressure should be in the range of minimum 1–10 bars, 10-100 bars, 100– 1000 bars, 1000–10000 bars or higher. Any of the abovementioned disintegration methods and separation methods may be combined. Also, in an embodiment of the invention, one or more of the separation methods described above are combined with a method of disintegrating aggregates and particles.
  • one or more magnets are applied to remove metal particles or aggregates of metal particles or metal-carbon particles from any compositions comprising of coated nanotubes, aggregates of coated nanotubes, pristine nanotubes, aggregates of pristine nanotubes, metal-carbon particles; particles comprising metals and / or carbon, amorphous carbon, particles comprising a large number of nanotube-ML complexes, or any other type of particles or aggregates or colloids or molecules.
  • Nanocomposite fibers can thus be produced by various techniques and displace legacy materials like glass- and carbon fibers. Nanocomposite fibers – principles, design, preparation, and use.
  • the present invention relates to improvements of the recently developed technique of coating nanotubes with covalently closed rings, where optionally the rings may be further linked to molecular moieties such as polymers.
  • Polymeric fibers have a limit to how stiff and strong they can become. The limit is when all the polymer chains are aligned in one direction.
  • thermoplastic polymer fibers include melt spinning, solution spinning, reaction spinning, pultrusion, extrusion, and combinations thereof.
  • a post-spin process where the fiber is further drawn and stretched, can be added to e.g. further increase the orientation of polymer chains for improved stiffness and strength.
  • the fiber can be post-applied with a suitable coating (polymers, oils, silicones, etc) for various purposes.
  • a fiber is in this context defined broadly as not only a circular elongated product, but a product attaining any geometrical cross-section (circular, oval, rectangular, quadratic etc).
  • a polymer composite fiber consisting only of any polymer and a carbon nanotube, where the stiffness and strength may be varied depending on the amount of carbon nanotube and the orientation of the nanotubes within the polymer. The orientation of the nanotubes may range from fully random to fully aligned in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, see Figure 83.
  • the fiber may have any cross-sectional size and shape (round, rectangular, oval, triangular etc).
  • a fiber may consist of several layers of polymer nanotube material with different amounts, shapes, and orientation of nanotubes in each layer, see Figures 84-87.
  • the fiber may be manufactured by fiber spinning, extrusion, pultrusion, or any other method that may produce continuous fibers of any length.
  • the fiber may be assembled with other fibers in yarns, bundles, weaves, fabrics, etc.
  • Composites may be made from consolidating the fiber assembly by heat and/or vacuum etc.
  • the composite assembly may be made with a combination of nanotube fiber and polymer fiber. Fibers may be continuous, short, or granulated.
  • Composites may be made by impregnating the fiber assembly with a viscous resin of different or same polymer type as the polymer used for the fiber.
  • the resin may also consist of nanotubes having a different orientation and concentration than the nanotube fiber, see Figures 83-87.
  • An inventive step is that both the resin and the fiber are made from the same polymer, which enables an easily recyclable composite, see Figures 85-87. Furthermore, even more advanced composite and polymer fiber hybrid combinations can be made as shown in Figures 85-87.
  • An inventive step is that a component may be designed with the optimal stiffness and strength by using fibers of different nanotube concentration and orientation, see Figures 87-89. As an example, this enables the use of only one composite material and eliminates the need for using e.g.
  • polymer fibers may be made larger than typical glass fiber (17-24 ⁇ m) and carbon fiber (5-8 ⁇ m), which speeds up the impregnation of a fiber assembly with resin due to a lower surface area that the resin must wet and pass through. Glass and carbon composites experience lower fatigue strength as the diameter of the fiber increases, which may not be the case for a nanotube polymer fiber.
  • An inventive step is that shorter polymer chains i.e. cheaper polymers may be used for the production of composite fibers. Shorter polymer chains reduce the viscosity of the molten polymer, which may make the polymer unsuited for composite fiber manufacturing e.g. by melt spinning.
  • the strength of the polymer may decrease due to the short polymeric chains.
  • the addition of CNTs coated with short, medium and long lasso polymer chains to the molten polymer with short polymeric chains may increase the viscosity of the molten polymer and thus enable e.g. melt spinning of composite fibers.
  • the tensile stiffness and strength may also increase due to the addition of CNTs with rings or lassos.
  • Figure 99 shows the possibilities of the inventive step.
  • the use of low viscosity molten resin combined with concentrations of CNTs with lassos may be used for enabling a shear thinning effect when pressing a high CNT concentration resin at a high pressure through a valve and thus make highly aligned and high CNT concentration composite fibers.
  • An inventive step is to enable that CNTs can be dispersed in normally unsolvable polymers like PET and PPS. This is done by reducing the chain length of the polymer until it becomes solvable. Subsequently, the chain length of e.g. a PET polymer is grown by solid state processing (poly- condensation) or for e.g. PPS a trimer PPS is attached to the CNT (solvable) and then grown to e.g.
  • an inventive step is to change the electrical conductivity of the composite fiber by varying the density of the rings on the CNT. In this way the number of contact points between CNTs can be varied. A high density of rings on the CNT reduces the electrical conductivity, whereas a lower density of rings increases the electrical conductivity. An advantage of this it that static electricity and electro-magnetic compability may be adjusted to the desired level.
  • An inventive step is to make co-extruded composite fibers, where the core fiber is of one type of material and the co-extruded layer is of another material.
  • the co-extruded layer may be a CNT filled layer, which e.g. may protect the core fiber from water ingress.
  • Another embodiment of the invention is that the co-extruded layer may create less friction due to the lubricating effect of CNTs which in turn may eliminate the need for soaps and oils during processing with the co-extruded composite fiber. Melt spinning of nanotube/polymer composite fibers.
  • nanotube-ML complexes also termed coated nanotubes, lassoed nanotubes, or mechanically interlocked nanotubes, MINTs
  • MINTs mechanically interlocked nanotubes
  • Typical polymers used are polyethylene, polypropylene, polylactide, polyamide, polybutylene-terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyetheretheketone, polyetherimide, polyethylenenaphthalate, polyoxymethylene, polyphenylenesulfide, and polyethylene-terephthalate.
  • coated nanotubes may be assembled into a yarn and then impregnated with a polymer of choice (e.g. polypropylene) and then this mixture is exposed to hydrodynamic stresses , to ensure a good polymer impregnation of the yarn.
  • a polymer of choice e.g. polypropylene
  • coated nanotubes are added to sulfuric acid, the temperature is decreased appropriately to solidify the mixture, PPTA is added to the solid mixture. Then the mixture is heated to above the solidifying point and then spinning, pultruding, extruding, casting, or molding is applied to the mixture to generate the composite material, e.g. composite fiber.
  • One embodiment of the invention relates to the melt spinning of thermoplastic polymers containing coated nanotubes (rings) f.ex. CNTs that are coated with mechanically interlocked rings.
  • CNTs coated nanotubes
  • rings f.ex.
  • CNTs coated with mechanically interlocked rings.
  • the functionalization of the CNT coating enables that aggregation of CNTs is minimized and that the CNT becomes chemically compatible with the surrounding polymer.
  • the CNT content in the polymer fiber can be up to 80 wt%.
  • Several variants of CNT surface coatings can be added to the polymer/CNT blend. F. ex.
  • some CNTs with only rings can be added to the polymer to enable electro- discharging conductivity by allowing closer spacing between CNTs and some CNTs with larger polymer chains attached to bring strength and toughness to the composite.
  • the addition of coated CNTs to the polymer and the production processes above may improve a number of attractive characteristics of the composite fiber relative to the polymer fiber, a) the thermal stability of the melted blend may be improved, which allows for a more stable extrusion process.
  • CNTs that are not complexed to mechanical ligands e.g. closed rings or lassos
  • the benefit of adding CNT is then often minimal; often, the addition of CNT that are not complexed to mechanical ligands results in poorer characteristics of the composite relative to the neat polymer.
  • One embodiment of the invention is that during the melt-spinning process an electrical or electromagnetic field may be applied to the melted fiber in the spinneret hole and until solidification takes place after leaving the spinneret hole to further align the CNTs.
  • the distribution of holes in the spinneret can be equally spaced or distributed in any pattern, which may be more beneficial for achieving the right temperature distribution within the spinneret plate.
  • the diameter of the spinneret holes can be equal or different in sizes to enable a stable process as f.ex. the pulling speed closest to the circumference of the spinneret plate will be higher than the pulling speed at the center of the spinneret plate. This may create fibers with different draw ratios and diameters, and hence different mechanical properties. Therefore, if the same diameter of the fibers is desired then the hole diameters should decay from the circumference towards the center of the spinneret. With CNT polymer it may also be beneficial to alter the shape of the spinneret holes from being circular to other shapes like oval.
  • One embodiment of the invention is that the viscosity of the melt with CNT and polymer may increase with increasing content of CNT in the melt.
  • over-pressure levels can be applied to the melted CNT polymer to force it through the spinneret roles.
  • the pressure may be higher as the content of CNT in the polymer increases.
  • the higher viscosity may also be compensated by increasing the spinneret hole size to allow for fiber forming.
  • One embodiment of the invention is that the number of rings and/or number lassos and/or length of the lassos may be controlled during the coating process. This may enable the friction between the CNTs and the polymer chains of the matrix may be adjusted.
  • a low number of rings and/or lassos e.g.
  • the number of rings and/or number lassos and/or length of the lassos may be controlled during the coating process. This may enable the friction between the CNTs and the polymer chains of the matrix may be adjusted.
  • Composite fibers, weaves, fabrics and mats in combination with a polymer can be used for making solid products for tubular structures, floors, ceilings, walls, beams, pipes, hoods, fenders, doors, window frames, tables, chairs, furniture, wings, drones, air-planes, boats, containers, seats, casings, suitcases, closets, computer casings, phone casings, shoes, hearing aids, loud speakers, ear phones.
  • nanotube/polymer fibers may contain CNTs that are either randomly oriented, unidirectionally aligned or a combination of both.
  • Example polymers are TPU, polyester, polyamide, and many more.
  • Coated nanotube preparations may be mixed into various types of polymers, such as neat PPS, by e.g. compounding, or may be mixed into e.g. the amine hardener and/or the epoxy resin of the desired epoxy polymer before the amine hardener and epoxy is mixed to produce the final CNT composite material.
  • Composite materials with improved processability and mechanical properties Fabrics, Mats and Weaves (FMW) are common products used in composites design and manufacturing. The impregnation of FMWs with liquid resins is often difficult due to the diameter of the individual fibres in the fabric. These fibers can e.g.
  • the improvement in resin flow may be vastly improved by using thicker composite fibers, which also have stiffnesses that are higher than normal stitching threads made from e.g. PET, PA and PP.
  • the impregnated fabric may thus have a higher stiffness than normal.
  • Weaves made of glass and carbon fibers are known to be difficult to impregnate due to the dense structure with very little resin flow capability.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is to inter-leave larger diameter composite fibers into the woven composite, glass or carbon fibers in order to improve the resin flow and impregnation without loosing stiffness and strength properties of the weave.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is to use a composite fiber, which is solvable in a suitable hardener.
  • SE1 is a composite fiber and SE2 is another composite fiber, a polymeric fiber made of e.g. PP, PE, PPS, PET, PLA, PA, PMMA, PVC, PBT, a glass fiber and/or a carbon fiber, or any other type of fiber made of other materials. More structural entities can be mixed in several directions, see Figure 100 e). Tensile and fatigue strength of SE’s.
  • Fibers are known to go up in static and fatigue strength as the diameter of the fiber decrease. In the majority of applications of composite materials, a small diameter composite fiber is preferred, as this will allow the composite material to withstand large static and dynamic forces opposed on the composite material in the composite fiber directions, e.g. trailing edge, leading edge and main spar of wind blades, sailing masts, boat keels, sails etc.
  • the composite fiber diameter is preferably less than 100mm, such as less than 10mm, such as less than 1mm, such as less than 0.1mm, such as less than 0.01mm, such as less than 0.001mm, such as less than 0.0001mm, such as less than 0.00001mm, such as less than 0.000001mm. Impregnation speed of SE’s.
  • the composite fiber diameter is preferably greater than 0.000001mm, such as greater than 0.00001mm, such as greater than 0.0001 mm, such as greater than 0.001mm, such as greater than 0.01mm, such as greater than 0.1mm, such as greater than 1mm, such as greater than 10mm, such as greater than 100mm.
  • the composite fiber diameter is preferably in the range of 0.000001 – 0.00001mm, 0.00001-0.0001mm, 0.0001-0.001mm, 0.001-0.01mm, 0.01- 0.1mm, 0.1-1mm, 1-10mm, 10-100mm or above 100mm.
  • Additive manufacturing using composite fibers One technique for additive manufacturing is to use filaments with fillers as reinforcement. The filaments are melted together by locally applying heat by lasers, UV light, ultra-sonics, micro-waves, electromagnetic fields, electrical current, heated gas, or other means to transfer energy to the melting interface between the substrate and the filament. The wavelength of the light source has to be tuned to the narrow band where the polymer absorbs energy. Composite fibers may be used as filaments for additive manufacturing.
  • the filaments can be made with various concentrations and orientations of CNTs.
  • the filaments can be circular, rectangular, hollow, tri-angular or any other cross-sectional shape.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is that CNTs are able to absorb energy in a very large wavelength spectrum. This way many different sources of light can be used to melt the polymer.
  • the inventive step is that the use of CNTs may enable a faster melting of the polymer without the need to use e.g. a laser with a very specific wavelength thereby saving energy and equipment cost.
  • the faster melting may enable a much faster printing speed, which saves cost and time.
  • it enables to use light sources that are not in the area where UV light degrades the polymer.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is to use UV light to cleavage the bond holding the ring tight around the CNT. In this way the ring may disconnect from the CNT and allow the CNTs to aggregate and thus increase the contact area between the CNTs, which may increase the electrical conductivity.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is to use lassos consisting of electrically conducting polymers. The electrical conductivity may be controlled by the ratio of lassos with electrical conducting polymers to non-conducting lasso polymer to rings. Alternatively, the number of rings and/or lassos may be reduced to allow for more contact points between two or more CNTs. The electrical conductivity may also be controlled by the degree of orientation of the CNTs within the composite fiber.
  • a polymer composite fiber is made, consisting only of any polymer and a carbon nanotube, where the stiffness and strength may be varied depending on the amount of carbon nanotube and the orientation of the nanotubes within the polymer.
  • the orientation of the nanotubes may range from fully random to fully aligned in the longitudinal direction of the fiber, see Figure 83.
  • the fiber may have any cross-sectional size and shape (round, rectangular, oval, triangular etc). In a preferred way for aligning the nanotubes in the fiber, the shortest cross-sectional distance is lower than the length of the nanotube.
  • a fiber may consist of several layers of polymer nanotube material with different amounts, shapes, and orientation of nanotubes in each layer, see Figure 84.
  • both the resin and the fiber are made from the same polymer, which enables an easily recyclable composite, see Figure 85.
  • a component may be designed with the optimal stiffness and strength by using fibers of different nanotube concentration and orientation, see Figure 87. As an example, this enables the use of only one composite material and eliminates the need for using both glass and carbon composites in a rotor blade for wind turbines, Figure 88.
  • the present invention may also be used to make all of the following products: an angle, shape or section of steel or an alloy; a door frame; a saw; an apparatus for building, e.g., as defined by IPC code E04; an apparatus for construction of roads, railways, or bridges, e.g., as defined by IPC code E01; an apparatus for earth or rock drilling or mining, e.g., as defined by IPC code E21; an apparatus for hydraulic engineering or foundations or soil-shifting, e.g., as defined by IPC code E02; an apparatus for water supply or sewerage, e.g., as defined by IPC code E03; a balcony; a brick; a bridge; a chain; a coating; a crane; a crate; a drill; an elevator; a fixed constructions, e.g., as defined by IPC code E; a flat-rolled product; a line; a lock; a multitool; a nameplate; a plier; a pole
  • ITEMS Item FF1. A composite comprising a nanotube and H2O. Item FF2. A composite comprising a carbon nanotube and HCl. Item FF3. A composite comprising a multi-wall nanotube and NaCl. Item FF4. A composite comprising a multi-wall carbon nanotube and NC-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-CN . Item FF5. A composite comprising a single-wall nanotube and biphenyl. Item FF6. A composite comprising a single-wall carbon nanotube and N2. Item FF7. A composite comprising graphene and CO2. Item FF8.
  • Item FF14. A composite comprising graphene oxide and H2O.
  • Item FF15. A composite comprising graphite and H2O.
  • Item FF16. A composite comprising graphyne and H2O.
  • Item FF17. A composite comprising a COOH-functionalized carbon nanotube and H2O.
  • Item FF18. A composite comprising a OH-functionalized carbon nanotube and H2O.
  • Item FF19. A composite comprising an NH2-functionalized carbon nanotube and H2O.
  • Item FF20. A composite comprising an SH-functionalized carbon nanotube and H2O.
  • Item FF21. A composite comprising COOH-functionalized graphene and H2O.
  • Item FF181. A composite comprising a single-wall carbon nanotube and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)- C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF182. A composite comprising graphene and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF183. A composite comprising a carbon fibre and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)- CN .
  • Item FF185. A composite comprising a carbon nanothread and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2- CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF186. A composite comprising a ceramic material and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2- CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF187. A composite comprising a fullerene and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF193. A composite comprising a OH-functionalized carbon nanotube and NC-C(CH3)(CH2- CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF194. A composite comprising an NH2-functionalized carbon nanotube and NC-C(CH3)(CH2- CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF195. A composite comprising an SH-functionalized carbon nanotube and NC-C(CH3)(CH2- CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN .
  • a composite comprising a carbon nanofibre and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)- C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF210. A composite comprising a carbon nanothread and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)- C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF211. A composite comprising a ceramic material and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)- C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF213. A composite comprising graphane and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF214. A composite comprising graphene oxide and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)- C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • a composite comprising graphite and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF216 A composite comprising graphyne and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF217 A composite comprising a COOH-functionalized carbon nanotube and NC-C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF218 A composite comprising graphite and NC-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FF219. A composite comprising an NH2-functionalized carbon nanotube and NC-C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN .
  • Item FFF1. comprising a nanotube and polyester and H2O.
  • Item FFF3. A composite comprising a multi-wall nanotube and polyester and H2O.
  • Item FFF21 A composite comprising COOH-functionalized graphene and polyester and H2O.
  • Item FFF22 A composite comprising NH2-functionalized graphene and polyester and H2O.
  • Item FFF23 A composite comprising OH-functionalized graphene and polyester and H2O.
  • Item FFF24 A composite comprising thiol-functionalized graphene and polyester and H2O.
  • Item FFF26 A composite comprising a nanotube and polyamide and H2O.
  • Item FFF27 A composite comprising a carbon nanotube and polyamide and H2O.
  • Item FFF67. A composite comprising a COOH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polyamide and HCl.
  • Item FFF68. A composite comprising a OH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polyamide and HCl.
  • Item FFF69. A composite comprising an NH2-functionalized carbon nanotube and polyamide and HCl.
  • Item FFF70. A composite comprising an SH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polyamide and HCl.
  • Item FFF71. A composite comprising COOH-functionalized graphene and polyamide and HCl.
  • Item FFF72. A composite comprising NH2-functionalized graphene and polyamide and HCl.
  • Item FFF90 A composite comprising graphite and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF91 A composite comprising graphyne and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF92 A composite comprising a COOH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF93 A composite comprising a OH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF94. A composite comprising an NH2-functionalized carbon nanotube and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF95 A composite comprising an SH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF96 A composite comprising an SH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF97 A composite comprising NH2-functionalized graphene and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF98 A composite comprising OH-functionalized graphene and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF99 A composite comprising thiol-functionalized graphene and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF100 A composite comprising a glass fibre and polyurethane and CO2.
  • Item FFF101. A composite comprising a nanotube and polystyrene and CO2.
  • Item FFF102 A composite comprising a carbon nanotube and polystyrene and CO2.
  • Item FFF103 A composite comprising a carbon nanotube and polystyrene and CO2.
  • Item FFF104 A composite comprising a multi-wall carbon nanotube and polystyrene and CO2.
  • Item FFF105 A composite comprising a single-wall nanotube and polystyrene and CO2.
  • Item FFF106 A composite comprising a single-wall carbon nanotube and polystyrene and CO2.
  • Item FFF108. A composite comprising a carbon fibre and polystyrene and CO2.
  • Item FFF109 A composite comprising a carbon nanofibre and polystyrene and CO2.
  • Item FFF110 A composite comprising a carbon nanofibre and polystyrene and CO2.
  • Item FFF130. A composite comprising a single-wall nanotube and polystyrene linked to -C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF131. A composite comprising a single-wall carbon nanotube and polystyrene linked to - C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF132. A composite comprising graphene and polystyrene linked to -C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF133. A composite comprising a carbon fibre and polystyrene linked to -C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF135. A composite comprising a carbon nanothread and polystyrene linked to -C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF136. A composite comprising a ceramic material and polystyrene linked to -C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF137. A composite comprising a fullerene and polystyrene linked to -C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF138. A composite comprising graphane and polystyrene linked to -C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF139. A composite comprising graphene oxide and polystyrene linked to -C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF151. A composite comprising a nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF152. A composite comprising a carbon nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF153. A composite comprising a multi-wall nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF154. A composite comprising a multi-wall carbon nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF158. A composite comprising a carbon fibre and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF160 A composite comprising a carbon nanothread and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF161. A composite comprising a ceramic material and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF162. A composite comprising a fullerene and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF163. A composite comprising graphane and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2- CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF164. A composite comprising graphene oxide and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF165 A composite comprising graphite and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2- CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF166 A composite comprising graphyne and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2- CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF167 A composite comprising a COOH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF168 A composite comprising a OH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF169 A composite comprising graphite and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2- CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF172. A composite comprising NH2-functionalized graphene and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN. Item FFF173.
  • Item FFF174. A composite comprising thiol-functionalized graphene and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF175. A composite comprising a glass fibre and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF176. A composite comprising a nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate linked to - C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF188. A composite comprising graphane and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF190. A composite comprising graphite and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF191. A composite comprising graphyne and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF192. A composite comprising a COOH-functionalized carbon nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate linked to -C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF201 A composite comprising a nanotube and polyacrylate linked to a phenyl group.
  • Item FFF202 A composite comprising a carbon nanotube and polyacrylate linked to a phenyl group.
  • Item FFF203 A composite comprising a multi-wall nanotube and polyacrylate linked to a phenyl group.
  • Item FFF204 A composite comprising a multi-wall carbon nanotube and polyacrylate linked to a phenyl group.
  • Item FFF205 A composite comprising a single-wall nanotube and polyacrylate linked to a phenyl group.
  • Item FFF206 A composite comprising a single-wall carbon nanotube and polyacrylate linked to a phenyl group.
  • Item FFF207 A composite comprising a single-wall carbon nanotube and polyacrylate linked to a phenyl group.
  • Item FFF231. A composite comprising a single-wall carbon nanotube and polyacrylate and NC- C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF232. A composite comprising graphene and polyacrylate and NC-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-CN.
  • Item FFF233. A composite comprising a carbon fibre and polyacrylate and NC-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-CN.
  • a composite comprising NH2-functionalized graphene and polyacrylonitrile and NC- C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF298 A composite comprising OH-functionalized graphene and polyacrylonitrile and NC- C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF299. A composite comprising thiol-functionalized graphene and polyacrylonitrile and NC- C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • Item FFF300 A composite comprising NH2-functionalized graphene and polyacrylonitrile and NC- C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • a composite comprising a glass fibre and polyacrylonitrile and NC-C(CH3)(CH2- C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-C(CH3)(CH2-C(CH3)2-O-CH3)-CN.
  • Item GG 1 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an acrylic polymer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an aldehyde condensation polymer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG4. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an aliphatic polyether and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG5. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an alkyds and oil-free coating polyester and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG6. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an aramid and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG7 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and butyl rubber and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG8 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose acetate and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG9. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose nitrate and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG10. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a cellulosic and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a cyanoacrylate polymer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG12 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a diene polymer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG13 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an epoxy and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG14. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an ethylene-propylene copolymer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG15 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an ethylene-propylene copolymer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a fluoroelastomer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG16. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a heterochain polymer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG17. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a meta-aramid polymer and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG19. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nitrile rubber and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG20. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nylon and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG21. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a para-aramid and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
  • Item GG23 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly bisphenol A carbonate (PC) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG24. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • PBT poly butylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • PVDF poly vinylidene fluoride
  • Item GG35 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(acrylic acid) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG36 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A isophthalate) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A terephthalate) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG38. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl acrylate) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG39. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl methacrylate) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butylene) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG41. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(caprolactone) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG42. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG43 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG44. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethyl acrylate) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG45. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene glycol) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene naphthalate) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG47. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(isobutylene) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG48. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(phenylsulfone) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(propylene glycol) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG50. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(tetrahydrofuran) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG51. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG52. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG53 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal (POM) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG54 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylate elastomers and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG55 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG56 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyamide and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG57 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (PBD) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG58 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (butadiene rubber, BR) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG59. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • PBT nanotube and polybutylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polycaprolactam and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG61. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polycarbonate (PC) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG62. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polychloroprene and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG63. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • PCTFE nanotube and polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • Item GG64 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyesters and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG65 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG66 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyetherketone (PEK) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG67 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethers and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG68 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethersulfone (PES) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG69 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethyl acrylate and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG70 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - cross-linked and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG71 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - cross-linked and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - medium density (MDPE) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • UHMWPE nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight
  • Item GG76 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - very low density (VLDPE) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • VLDPE very low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG78. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene (PE) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG79. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyglycolide and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG80. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA 6,6) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG81 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyimides and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG82 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR; isoprene rubber, IR) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG83. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polylactic acid (PLA) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • PPA nanotube and polylactic acid
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl acrylate and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG85. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG86. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • PPO polyphenylene oxide
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • Item GG88 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG89. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polypropylene (PP) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • PP nanotube and polypropylene
  • Item GG94 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG95 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG96. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyurethane and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG97 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyurethane and using a cavitation method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyamide and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (PBD) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (butadiene rubber, BR) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • Item GG170 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polycaprolactam and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polycarbonate (PC) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PC nanotube and polycarbonate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polychloroprene and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyesters and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PEEK nanotube and polyether ether ketone
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyetherketone (PEK) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PEK nanotube and polyetherketone
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethers and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethersulfone (PES) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PES polyethersulfone
  • Item GG179. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethyl acrylate and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG180. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - cross-linked and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material. Item GG181.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - high density (HDPE) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - linear low density (LLDPE) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - low density (LDPE) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • LDPE nanotube and polyethylene - low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - medium density (MDPE) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG185. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • UHMWPE nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight
  • Item GG186. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - very low density (VLDPE) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • VLDPE very low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Item GG188. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene (PE) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyglycolide and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA 6,6) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyimides and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG192. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR; isoprene rubber, IR) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material. Item GG193.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polylactic acid (PLA) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PPA nanotube and polylactic acid
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl acrylate and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG195. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PMMA nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PPO polyphenylene oxide
  • Item GG197. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • Item GG198. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polypropylene (PP) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG200. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polysiloxanes (silicones) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG201. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polystyrene (PS) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PS nanotube and polystyrene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfide rubber and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG203. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfides and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG204. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG206. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyurethane and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG207. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PVAc polyvinyl acetate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PVC nanotube and polyvinyl chloride
  • Item GG209 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG210. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PVDC nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and rayon and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • SAN nanotube and styrene-acrylonitrile
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-butadiene and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG215. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-isoprene and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG216. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethanes
  • Item GG218. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an unsaturated polyester and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG220 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a vinyl copolymer and using a mechanical method with a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG221. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an acrylic polymer and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG222. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an aldehyde condensation polymer and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG224. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an aliphatic polyether and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG225. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an alkyds and oil-free coating polyester and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG226 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an alkyds and oil-free coating polyester and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an aramid and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and butyl rubber and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose acetate and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG229. A method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose nitrate and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG230 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a cellulosic and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG231. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a cyanoacrylate polymer and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG232. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a diene polymer and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • Item GG233 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a diene polymer and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PDMS nanotube and poly dimethylsiloxane
  • Item GG246. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly dodecano-12-lactam (Nylon 12) and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • PEKK nanotube and poly ether ketone ketone
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A terephthalate) and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl acrylate) and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl methacrylate) and using a mechanical method without a grinding medium to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and using a turbulent flow method to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an aldehyde condensation polymer and using a turbulent flow method to form a composite material.
  • Item GG334. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an aliphatic polyether and using a turbulent flow method to form a composite material. Item GG335.
  • Item GG447 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and butyl rubber and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG448 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose acetate and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG449. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose nitrate and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG450 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a cellulosic and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a cyanoacrylate polymer and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG452. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a diene polymer and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG453. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an epoxy and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and an ethylene-propylene copolymer and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a fluoroelastomer and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG456 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a heterochain polymer and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG457 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a meta-aramid polymer and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG459. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nitrile rubber and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG460. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nylon and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and a para-aramid and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material. Item GG462.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
  • Item GG463. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly bisphenol A carbonate (PC) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PBT poly butylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly dodecano-12-lactam (Nylon 12) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PEKK poly ether ketone ketone
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A terephthalate) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG478. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl acrylate) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG479. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl methacrylate) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG480. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butylene) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG481 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(caprolactone) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG482. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG483. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material. Item GG484.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethyl acrylate) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG485. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene glycol) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG486. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene naphthalate) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG487. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(isobutylene) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG488 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(phenylsulfone) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG489. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(propylene glycol) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG490. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(tetrahydrofuran) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material. Item GG491.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG492. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG493. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal (POM) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • POM nanotube and polyacetal
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylate elastomers and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG496. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyamide and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG497. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (PBD) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PBD nanotube and polybutadiene
  • Item GG498 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (butadiene rubber, BR) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG499. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG500. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polycaprolactam and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG501. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polycarbonate (PC) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG502. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polychloroprene and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG503 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG504. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyesters and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG505. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PEEK polyether ether ketone
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyetherketone (PEK) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PEK nanotube and polyetherketone
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethers and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethersulfone (PES) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethyl acrylate and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - cross-linked and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG511 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - high density (HDPE) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG512. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - linear low density (LLDPE) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • LLDPE nanotube and polyethylene - linear low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - low density (LDPE) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - medium density (MDPE) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • UHMWPE ultrahigh molecular weight
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - very low density (VLDPE) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • VLDPE nanotube and polyethylene - very low density
  • Item GG517 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene (PE) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG519. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyglycolide and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG520 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA 6,6) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG521. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyimides and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG522. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR; isoprene rubber, IR) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polylactic acid (PLA) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PPA nanotube and polylactic acid
  • Item GG524. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl acrylate and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG525. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PPO polyphenylene oxide
  • Item GG527 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG528 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG529. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polypropylene (PP) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG530 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polypropylene (PP) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysiloxanes (silicones) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG531. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polystyrene (PS) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG532. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfide rubber and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfides and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material. Item GG534.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG535. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG536. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyurethane and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material. Item GG537.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PVAc nanotube and polyvinyl acetate
  • Item GG538 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PVF nanotube and polyvinyl fluoride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PVDC nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride
  • Item GG541. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • PVDF nanotube and polyvinylidene fluoride
  • Item GG542 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and rayon and using a ball collision mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) and using ball milling to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl acrylate (PMA) and using ball milling to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using ball milling to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinyl acetate (PVA) and using ball milling to form a composite material.
  • Item GG654 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-butadiene and using ball milling to form a composite material.
  • Item GG655. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-isoprene and using ball milling to form a composite material.
  • Item GG656. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and using ball milling to form a composite material. Item GG657.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a cyanoacrylate polymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG672. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a diene polymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG673. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an epoxy and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG674 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an ethylene-propylene copolymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG675 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a fluoroelastomer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG676 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a heterochain polymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG677 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG678 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a meta-aramid polymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG679. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nitrile rubber and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG680. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nylon and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG681. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a para-aramid and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PT poly ethylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl acrylate (PMA) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PMMA nanotube and poly methyl methacrylate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PVDF poly vinylidene fluoride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(acrylic acid) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG696. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A isophthalate) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG704. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethyl acrylate) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG705. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene glycol) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene naphthalate) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(isobutylene) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(phenylsulfone) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material. Item GG709.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(propylene glycol) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG710 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(tetrahydrofuran) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG711 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG713. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal (POM) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG714. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylate elastomers and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG715. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PAN nanotube and polyacrylonitrile
  • Item GG716 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyamide and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG717 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (PBD) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG718 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (butadiene rubber, BR) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • Item GG720 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polycaprolactam and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polycarbonate (PC) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PC nanotube and polycarbonate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polychloroprene and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • Item GG724 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyesters and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material. Item GG725.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PEEK nanotube and polyether ether ketone
  • Item GG726 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyetherketone (PEK) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PEK nanotube and polyetherketone
  • Item GG727 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethers and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethersulfone (PES) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PES polyethersulfone
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethyl acrylate and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - cross-linked and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material. Item GG731.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - high density (HDPE) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - linear low density (LLDPE) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - low density (LDPE) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • LDPE nanotube and polyethylene - low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - medium density (MDPE) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG735. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • UHMWPE nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight
  • Item GG736 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - very low density (VLDPE) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • VLDPE very low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • Item GG738 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene (PE) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyglycolide and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material. Item GG740.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA 6,6) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyimides and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG742. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR; isoprene rubber, IR) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polylactic acid (PLA) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PPA polylactic acid
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl acrylate and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG745. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PMMA nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PPO polyphenylene oxide
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • Item GG748. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PBO poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polypropylene (PP) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysiloxanes (silicones) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polystyrene (PS) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PS nanotube and polystyrene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfide rubber and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfides and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PTT polytrimethylene terephthalate
  • Item GG756 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyurethane and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PVAc polyvinyl acetate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PVC nanotube and polyvinyl chloride
  • Item GG759. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PVDC nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and rayon and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • SAN nanotube and styrene-acrylonitrile
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-butadiene and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG765. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-isoprene and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG766. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material. Item GG767.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an unsaturated polyester and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG770 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a vinyl copolymer and using a bath sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG771. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an acrylic polymer and using a bead mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG772. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and using a bead mill to form a composite material.
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
  • Item GG777 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and butyl rubber and using a bead mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG778 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose acetate and using a bead mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG779. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose nitrate and using a bead mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG780 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a cellulosic and using a bead mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an ethylene-propylene copolymer and using a bead mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG785. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a fluoroelastomer and using a bead mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG786. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a heterochain polymer and using a bead mill to form a composite material. Item GG787.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) and using a cone mill to form a composite material. Item GG908.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a cone mill to form a composite material.
  • PET ethylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl acrylate (PMA) and using a cone mill to form a composite material.
  • PMA nanotube and poly methyl acrylate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • UHMWPE ultrahigh molecular weight
  • Item GG1726 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - very low density (VLDPE) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • VLDPE nanotube and polyethylene - very low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1728 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR; isoprene rubber, IR) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polylactic acid (PLA) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl acrylate and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1735 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl acrylate and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polystyrene (PS) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfide rubber and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfides and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1744. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • PTFE nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • Item GG1752 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and rayon and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1753 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • SAN styrene-acrylonitrile
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethanes
  • Item GG1758. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an unsaturated polyester and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1759. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1760 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a vinyl copolymer and using a paint shaker to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1761. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an acrylic polymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1762. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a cyanoacrylate polymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1772. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a diene polymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1773. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an epoxy and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and an ethylene-propylene copolymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material. Item GG1775.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a fluoroelastomer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1776. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a heterochain polymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1777. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a meta-aramid polymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and nitrile rubber and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and nylon and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and a para-aramid and using a planetary mill to form a composite material. Item GG1782.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
  • Item GG1783. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly bisphenol A carbonate (PC) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PC poly bisphenol A carbonate
  • Item GG1784 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PBT poly butylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PDMS nanotube and poly dimethylsiloxane
  • Item GG1786 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly dodecano-12-lactam (Nylon 12) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1787. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PEKK poly ether ketone ketone
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PT nanotube and poly ethylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl acrylate (PMA) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PMA nanotube and poly methyl acrylate
  • Item GG1790 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PMMA nanotube and poly methyl methacrylate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinyl acetate (PVA) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PVA nanotube and poly vinyl acetate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PVC nanotube and poly vinyl chloride
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinylidene chloride (PVDC) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PVDC nanotube and poly vinylidene chloride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PVDF poly vinylidene fluoride
  • Item GG1795 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(acrylic acid) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1796. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A isophthalate) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A terephthalate) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl acrylate) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl methacrylate) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1800 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl methacrylate) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butylene) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1801. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(caprolactone) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1802. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1803. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1804 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethyl acrylate) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1805. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene glycol) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1806. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene naphthalate) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(isobutylene) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(phenylsulfone) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(propylene glycol) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1810. A method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(tetrahydrofuran) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1811 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1812. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1813. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal (POM) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1814 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylate elastomers and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1815 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1816 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyamide and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1817 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (PBD) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PBD nanotube and polybutadiene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (butadiene rubber, BR) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polycaprolactam and using a planetary mill to form a composite material. Item GG1821.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polycarbonate (PC) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1822. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polychloroprene and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1823. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PCTFE nanotube and polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • Item GG1824. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyesters and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1825 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1826 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyetherketone (PEK) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1827 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethers and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1828 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethers and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethersulfone (PES) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PES polyethersulfone
  • Item GG1829 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethyl acrylate and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1830 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - cross-linked and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1831. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - high density (HDPE) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • HDPE high density
  • Item GG1832 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - linear low density (LLDPE) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material. Item GG1833. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - low density (LDPE) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material. Item GG1834. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - medium density (MDPE) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material. Item GG1835.
  • LLDPE nanotube and polyethylene - linear low density
  • MDPE nanotube and polyethylene - low density
  • MDPE nanotube and polyethylene - medium density
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • UHMWPE ultrahigh molecular weight
  • Item GG1836 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - very low density (VLDPE) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • VLDPE nanotube and polyethylene - very low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1838 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene (PE) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PE nanotube and polyethylene
  • Item GG1839. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyglycolide and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1840. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA 6,6) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1841. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyimides and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR; isoprene rubber, IR) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polylactic acid (PLA) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PLA nanotube and polylactic acid
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl acrylate and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1845 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl acrylate and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PMMA nanotube and polymethyl methacrylate
  • Item GG1846. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PTT polytrimethylene terephthalate
  • Item GG1856 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyurethane and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1857 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PVAc polyvinyl acetate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PVC nanotube and polyvinyl chloride
  • Item GG1859. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PVDC nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and rayon and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • SAN nanotube and styrene-acrylonitrile
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-butadiene and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1865. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-isoprene and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1866. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material. Item GG1867.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethanes
  • Item GG1868 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an unsaturated polyester and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1870 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a vinyl copolymer and using a planetary mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an acrylic polymer and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an aldehyde condensation polymer and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an aliphatic polyether and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an alkyds and oil-free coating polyester and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material. Item GG1876.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an aramid and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1877. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and butyl rubber and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1878. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose acetate and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose nitrate and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1884. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an ethylene-propylene copolymer and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1885. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a fluoroelastomer and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1886. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a heterochain polymer and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1888. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a meta-aramid polymer and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1889. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nitrile rubber and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1890 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nylon and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl methacrylate) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1910 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butylene) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1911 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(caprolactone) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene glycol) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene naphthalate) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(isobutylene) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material. Item GG1918.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1922. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1923. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal (POM) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylate elastomers and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1925 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1926 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyamide and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1927 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (PBD) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PBD nanotube and polybutadiene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (butadiene rubber, BR) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • BR butadiene rubber
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polycaprolactam and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material. Item GG1931.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polycarbonate (PC) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PC nanotube and polycarbonate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polychloroprene and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1933. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PCTFE nanotube and polychlorotrifluoroethylene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - high density (HDPE) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - linear low density (LLDPE) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - low density (LDPE) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • LDPE nanotube and polyethylene - low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - medium density (MDPE) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • UHMWPE nanotube and polyethylene - ultrahigh molecular weight
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene - very low density (VLDPE) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • VLDPE very low density
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyethylene (PE) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PE nanotube and polyethylene
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyglycolide and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyhexamethylene adipamide (PA 6,6) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1951. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyimides and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1952. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR; isoprene rubber, IR) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PPO polyphenylene oxide
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PBO poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polypropylene (PP) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysiloxanes (silicones) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polystyrene (PS) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PS nanotube and polystyrene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfide rubber and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfides and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PVC nanotube and polyvinyl chloride
  • Item GG1969 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PVDC nanotube and polyvinylidene chloride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and rayon and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • SAN styrene-acrylonitrile
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethanes
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an unsaturated polyester and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material. Item GG1980.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a vinyl copolymer and using a probe sonicator to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1981. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an acrylic polymer and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1982. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an aldehyde condensation polymer and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1984. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an aliphatic polyether and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1985. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an alkyds and oil-free coating polyester and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1986. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an aramid and using a rod mill to form a composite material. Item GG1987.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and butyl rubber and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1988. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose acetate and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1989. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose nitrate and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1990. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a cellulosic and using a rod mill to form a composite material. Item GG1991.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a fluoroelastomer and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1996. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a heterochain polymer and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1997. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1998. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a meta-aramid polymer and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG1999. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nitrile rubber and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2000. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nylon and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2001. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a para-aramid and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2002. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly bisphenol A carbonate (PC) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2004. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2005. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • PDMS nanotube and poly dimethylsiloxane
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly dodecano-12-lactam (Nylon 12) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2007. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • PEKK poly ether ketone ketone
  • Item GG2008. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl acrylate (PMA) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2010. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2011. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinyl acetate (PVA) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2012. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinyl chloride (PVC) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2013 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinylidene chloride (PVDC) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2014 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2015. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(acrylic acid) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2016 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(acrylic acid) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A isophthalate) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2017. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A terephthalate) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2018. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl acrylate) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2019. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl methacrylate) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2020 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butylene) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2021. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(caprolactone) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2022. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2024. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethyl acrylate) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2025. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene glycol) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2026 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene naphthalate) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2027 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(isobutylene) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2028 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(phenylsulfone) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2029. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(propylene glycol) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2030 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(propylene glycol) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(tetrahydrofuran) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2031. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2032. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal (POM) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polyisoprene (natural rubber, NR; isoprene rubber, IR) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polylactic acid (PLA) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • PLA nanotube and polylactic acid
  • Item GG2064 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polymethyl acrylate and using a rod mill to form a composite material. Item GG2065.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polystyrene (PS) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2072. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfide rubber and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2073. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polysulfides and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2074. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • PTFE nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and rayon and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2083. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2084. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-butadiene and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2085 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and styrene-isoprene and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a urea-formaldehyde polymer and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2090. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a vinyl copolymer and using a rod mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2091. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an acrylic polymer and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an aldehyde condensation polymer and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2094. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an aliphatic polyether and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and an alkyds and oil-free coating polyester and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2096. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and an aramid and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2097. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and butyl rubber and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2098. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose acetate and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and cellulose nitrate and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a cellulosic and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and a cyanoacrylate polymer and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2102. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a diene polymer and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2107. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a melamine-formaldehyde polymer and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2108. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a meta-aramid polymer and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2109 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nitrile rubber and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2110. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and nylon and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2111 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and a para-aramid and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2112. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
  • Item GG2113 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly bisphenol A carbonate (PC) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • PC poly bisphenol A carbonate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2115 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • PDMS nanotube and poly dimethylsiloxane
  • Item GG2116 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly dodecano-12-lactam (Nylon 12) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2117 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly dodecano-12-lactam (Nylon 12) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • PEKK poly ether ketone ketone
  • Item GG2118 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • PET ethylene terephthalate
  • Item GG2119 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly methyl acrylate (PMA) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • PMA nanotube and poly methyl acrylate
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinylidene chloride (PVDC) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • PVDC nanotube and poly vinylidene chloride
  • Item GG2124 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • PVDF nanotube and poly vinylidene fluoride
  • Item GG2125 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(acrylic acid) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2126 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(acrylic acid) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A isophthalate) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(Bisphenol A terephthalate) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl acrylate) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butyl methacrylate) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(butylene) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(caprolactone) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethyl acrylate) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2135 A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethyl acrylate) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene glycol) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(ethylene naphthalate) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly(isobutylene) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and poly( ⁇ -methylstyrene) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2142. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • Item GG2143. A method for preparing a composite material, said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacetal (POM) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polyacrylate elastomers and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutadiene (butadiene rubber, BR) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • BR butadiene rubber
  • a method for preparing a composite material comprising providing a nanotube and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.
  • a method for preparing a composite material said method comprising providing a nanotube and polycaprolactam and using a rotor mill to form a composite material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un processus de fabrication d'un composant comprenant un matériau composite, trois procédés envisageables étant détaillés. Plus spécifiquement, l'invention concerne la production de matériaux composites à haute performance, le procédé consistant à entourer des nanocharges avec des molécules spécialisées qui forment des cycles fermés de manière covalente, la matrice elle-même pouvant être composée de polymères, de métaux, de céramiques ou de matériaux à base de ciment. La présente invention concerne également un matériau composite comprenant une nanocharge sous la forme d'un nanotube ou d'un graphène et comprenant en outre une entité ou une matrice structurale. En outre, l'invention concerne également des produits ou des composants fabriqués à partir du matériau composite.
PCT/EP2025/050044 2024-01-03 2025-01-02 Réparation et optimisation de matériaux nanocomposites Pending WO2025146456A2 (fr)

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WO2019138077A1 (fr) 2018-01-11 2019-07-18 Nanocore Aps Matériaux composites comprenant des ligands mécaniques
WO2023275063A1 (fr) 2021-07-02 2023-01-05 Nanocore Aps Électrofilage de composites de nanotube de carbone
WO2023275051A1 (fr) 2021-07-02 2023-01-05 Nanocore Aps Réactions de métathèse à ouverture de cycle pour la préparation de composites de nanotubes de carbone
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WO2023275051A1 (fr) 2021-07-02 2023-01-05 Nanocore Aps Réactions de métathèse à ouverture de cycle pour la préparation de composites de nanotubes de carbone
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