WO2025172516A1 - Compositions for treating surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to preparations comprising a polyurethane and/or polyurea and a copolymer, and to the use thereof as an anhydrous product for treating surfaces.

Description

Preparations for the treatment of surfaces

Description

The invention relates to preparations comprising a polyurethane and/or polyurea and a copolymer and to their use as an anhydrous agent for treating surfaces.

Aqueous or solvent-based preparations containing silicone oils, paraffins, fatty acid salts, fatty acid-modified melamine resins, fluorocarbon polymers, and other additives are typically used to impregnate, hydrophobize, and oleophobize surfaces. Surfaces treated in this way are protected against dirt, rain, splash water, and moisture. The surfaces can be porous or non-porous.

While preparations based on paraffins, fatty acid salts, fatty acid-modified melamine resins and silicones only have a water-repellent (hydrophobic) effect, preparations based on fluorocarbon polymers also have a dirt- and oil-repellent (oleophobic) effect.

However, in public debate, perfluorinated organic compounds are generally perceived negatively due to their persistence, so that there is an increasing search for alternative fluorine-free products with a comparable property profile.

Currently, fluorine-free preparations can only achieve hydrophobic, but not oleophobic, effects. Aqueous emulsions of paraffins, metal soaps, and silicic acid salts of polyvalent metals are used to make porous surfaces such as textiles, wood, or building materials more resistant to dirt, rain, or splash water. Such preparations are also used to treat paper to improve its hydrophobic properties.

In addition to good initial hydrophobicity, the resistance of the applied preparation to wear and tear is also an important point.

Fluorine-free hydrophobic agents based on highly branched polyurethanes and organopolysiloxanes are described in WO 2008/135208.

In DE 10 2013 209 170, preparations based on silicone polymers and waxes or fatty acid esters are used to achieve water-repellent effects on textile materials.

However, the use of organopolysiloxane-containing water repellents is undesirable in the automotive textile sector. This is due to the fact that organopolysiloxanes severely impair the paintability of surfaces and can lead to undesirable surface defects.

DE 10 211 549 discloses preparations consisting of a synthetic or natural wax component, a highly branched polyurethane, and optionally a blocked polyisocyanate. The waxes can be, for example, beeswax, carnauba wax, polyethylene wax, or Fischer-Tropsch wax.

WO 2010/115496 describes fluorine-free dispersions consisting of an acrylate copolymer and a paraffin. Long-chain C12-C22 alkyl (meth)acrylates, styrene or methylstyrene, vinyl(idene) chloride, and optionally 2-chloro-3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and/or glycidyl (meth)acrylate are used to construct the copolymer.

WO 2016/000830 describes fluorine-free preparations consisting of a polyacrylate, a wax, and optionally a blocked isocyanate and/or an organopolysiloxane and/or a melamine resin. The polyacrylates are based on long-chain C9-C4o-alkyl (meth)acrylates, a Ci-Cs-alkyl (methacrylate) and a glycidyl or hydroxy-functional monomer.

In EP 1 424 433, mixtures of a paraffin wax emulsion and a polymer emulsion are used to hydrophobize nonwovens and textiles. The polymer is composed of vinyl esters of branched C5-C12 carboxylic acids, C2-C12 alkyl (meth)acrylates, and other unsaturated comonomers.

JP 2000248140 describes preparations based on polyacrylates and paraffin waxes which are used to make paper hydrophobic.

In recent years, fast-drying, hydrophobic, and breathable surface treatments have gained enormous importance not only for textiles but also for material surfaces, for example, in construction. The treatment of stone, concrete, and wood surfaces is intended to improve their durability and/or appearance. In the latter application areas, too, fluorine-free preparations should be increasingly used for health and environmental reasons.

Functional textiles, for example, are designed to prevent rain and wind from penetrating from the outside, while at the same time allowing sweat to escape from the inside to the outside in the form of water vapor. In most cases, functional textiles have a 2- or 3-layer structure. 2-layer laminates are produced using prefabricated membranes, predominantly by bonding them to a corresponding outer fabric. The adhesive is usually applied in dots to cover as little surface area as possible. Alternatively, laminates can also be produced using reverse coating. For this purpose, a release paper is coated with a solvent-based polyurethane. The textile is then immediately brought into contact with the still-dry polymer film. After drying and condensing, the release paper is removed, producing the finished laminate. Frequently, the polymer film is first dried on the release paper and then bonded to the textile with a second coat of adhesive. Direct coatings with solvent-based polyurethanes represent another possibility for producing breathable functional textiles.

If hydrophobic agents contain low-molecular-weight wax compounds with a low melt viscosity, such as paraffins, these can significantly impair breathability, particularly in laminates. This is due to the fact that many waxes migrate into the membrane in their molten state. Since temperatures of up to 180°C occur during laminate production, e.g., during bonding, coating, or finishing, migration is to be expected. However, migration can also occur later in use during washing and drying at temperatures >70°C.

In DE 33 329 97 A1, WO 2008/135208, and DE 10 2013 209 170, organopolysiloxanes are used as hydrophobic components. Since organopolysiloxanes often have a strong release effect, adhesion problems can arise with the technologies described above.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a fluorine-free preparation which, when applied to a substrate, brings about optimal impregnation and/or hydrophobization, but at the same time allows further processing of the coated substrate, such as subsequent bonding and application of varnish and paint layers, and does not affect the membrane function in functional textiles.

Surprisingly, the object could be achieved by providing a preparation which comprises at least one reaction product (S) (component (1)), at least one copolymer (C) (component (2)), optionally at least one (blocked) polyisocyanate (component (3)) and at least one solvent (component (4), preferably at least one anhydrous organic solvent).

The preparations are characterized by superior impregnation and hydrophobic properties at low application rates, without This can negatively impact subsequent processing, such as bonding and coating the substrate. This processing particularly includes the application of varnish and paint, which can be completed very quickly, i.e., within seconds. This allows for high throughput speeds to be achieved during mechanical processing of wood materials or metals.

A first aspect of the present invention is therefore a preparation (Z) comprising

(1 ) at least one reaction product (S) obtainable by reacting at least one compound (A) of the formula and/or where R ¹ is -XYZ or -Z, preferably -XYZ, with

X = — (CH ₂ )n''— ,

— O-C— — O-C-NH— ii ii

Y = O or O

Z = -(CH ₂ )m-CH ₃ , ^R2

— (CH ₂ ) _n - (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _n . — (OCH ₂ CH) _n ... -OH CH. is,

R ³ is -XYZ, -Z or -YZ, with the proviso that in the case of -YZ in the radical R ² n is replaced by n”,

R ⁴ is -XYZ or -(CH ₂ ) _n H,

B ¹ -VWZ or -Z, preferably -VWZ is with

Q = -(CH ₂ ) _n” - and n, n', n", n'" and m are each independently an integer, with n = 0-2, n' = 0-4, n" = 1 -4, n'" = 0-4 and m = 8-30, preferably 10-26, more preferably 10-22, with at least one unblocked or at least partially blocked di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC), wherein the proportion of free isocyanate (NCO) groups in the polyisocyanate (IC) is between 1.8 and 10 per mole,

(2) at least one copolymer (C) comprising at least one building block of

formula (M(1 )) where M(2)) and/or

(M(3)) where

R ⁵ is -H or -CH ₃ ,

R ⁶ is a C ₁₂ -C ₄₀ hydrocarbon radical,

R ⁷ is a linear or branched aliphatic C ₁ -C ₈ hydrocarbon radical, U = -O- or -NH-, or -CH ₂ -(CH ₂ ) _P -OH, and k and p are each independently an integer with k = 1-5 and p = 0-10. (3) optionally at least one unblocked or at least partially blocked di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC) and

(4) at least one organic solvent.

All percentages of the preparations according to the invention refer to the total preparation and are percentages by weight, unless otherwise stated.

The preparation (Z) according to the invention is preferably anhydrous and preferably free of fluorine compounds. In one embodiment, the preparation (Z) according to the invention is anhydrous.

Component (1) is preferably a hydrophobic reaction product (S). The term "hydrophobic" within the meaning of the present invention defines compounds that are typically essentially insoluble in water at 20°C. Saturated solutions of the "hydrophobic" compounds within the meaning of the present invention preferably contain up to 1 g of dissolved compound per liter of water (20°C), more preferably up to 0.5 g/l, even more preferably up to 0.2 g/l.

The reaction product (S) is obtainable by reacting at least one compound (A) with at least one unblocked or at least partially blocked di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC), preferably in at least one anhydrous solvent (LM).

“Anhydrous” or “essentially anhydrous” means that the component in question, in particular the total preparation (Z), contains less than 10% by weight, in particular 0.001 - 5% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight of water.

The compound (AI) is preferably obtained by reacting polyhydric alcohols (a1) with carboxylic acids (b1) or with alkyl isocyanates (b2). Preferred examples of polyhydric alcohols (a1) are glycerol, polyglycerol, Trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,4-butanetriol, pentaerythritol or sugar and sugar derivatives, such as glucose, sorbitol, sorbitan, preferably glycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,4-butanetriol and/or pentaerythritol, more preferably glycerol.

The compound (A11) is preferably obtained by reacting alkanolamine (a2) and/or alkylamine (a3) with carboxylic acid (b1) and/or alkyl isocyanate (b2). Preferred alkanolamines (a2) are 2-amino-2,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, ethanolpropanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine, aminoethylethanolamine, aminopropylethanolamine, alkyltris(hydroxyethyl)propylenediamine, and alkyldihydroxyethylamine with preferably 12-24 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, as well as their ethoxylation products. Particularly preferred are diethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, aminoethylethanolamine and aminopropylethanolamine, more preferably triethanolamine.

Examples of alkylamines (a3) are bis(aminoethyl)amine, bis(aminopropyl)amine and their polymeric homologues, aminoethylaminopropylamine, bis(aminopropyl)ethylenediamine, tris(aminoethyl)amine, tris(aminopropyl)amine, trisaminononane, aminopropylstearylamine, and aminopropylbisstearylamine. Bis(aminoethyl)amine, bis(aminopropyl)amine, aminoethylaminopropylamine, bis(aminopropyl)ethylenediamine, and aminopropylstearylamine are preferred, especially bis(aminoethyl)amine.

The carboxylic acids (b1) used to prepare compound (A) can be saturated, unsaturated, unbranched, or branched and preferably have 10-32 carbon atoms, more preferably 12-24 carbon atoms. Preference is given to unbranched, saturated carboxylic acids having preferably 10-32 carbon atoms, more preferably 12-24 carbon atoms, such as capric, undecanoic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and behenic acid. Lauric, palmitic, stearic, and behenic acid are particularly preferred. The alkyl isocyanates (b2) used to prepare the compound (A) of formula (AI) and (A11) are preferably unbranched, with the alkyl radical preferably having 9-31, in particular 11-23, carbon atoms. A particularly preferred alkyl isocyanate is stearyl isocyanate.

Instead of the compound (A) prepared using the polyhydric alcohols (a1) or the alkanolamines (a2) or the alkylamines (a3) and the carboxylic acids (b1) or the alkyl isocyanates (b2), it is also possible to use compounds having one active hydrogen atom and two hydrophobic radicals, such as, for example, Guerbet alcohols, bis(dodecyl)amine and preferably bis(octadecyl)amine.

At least one compound (A) is reacted with at least one unblocked or at least partially blocked di-, tri-, or polyisocyanate (IC) to form the hydrophobic reaction product (S), wherein the proportion of free isocyanate (NCO) groups in the polyisocyanate (IC) is between 1.8 and 10 per mole. Examples of unblocked or partially blocked isocyanates are described in DE 100 17 651, paragraphs [0032] to [0037].

Particularly preferred, unblocked di-, tri- or polyisocyanates (IC) are, for example, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), longer-chain homologues of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (polymer MDI), 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate trimers, hexamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimers, isophorone diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate trimers, 2,2,4- or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, dimer diisocyanate, mixtures, such as mixtures of MDI and polymer MDI, and derivatives thereof. Dimer diisocyanate is available from Cognis Corp., 300 Brookside Avenue, Ambler, PA 19002, USA, under the designation DDI 1410.

Derivatives of isocyanates (IC) include, for example, cyclized oligo- or polyisocyanates. The preparation of cyclized oligo- or polyisocyanates can be carried out according to the known Cyclization methods according to W. Siefken (Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 562, 1949, pages 75-136) can be used, whereby the oligo- or polyisocyanates can be open-chain or cyclic. Such derivatives can be prepared from the above-mentioned di-, tri-, and polyisocyanates by linking them with urethane, allophanate, urea, biuret, uretdione, amide, isocyanurate, carbodiimide, uretonimine, oxadiazinetrione, or iminoxadiazinedione structures.

It is also possible to derivatize partial amounts of the isocyanate groups with polyalkoxy monoalkyl ethers to form urethanes using appropriate catalyst systems in order to improve the solubility of component (1) in organic solvents. Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ethers with preferably 4-20 ethylene oxide units, optionally with additional 2-6 propylene oxide units, can be used. Catalysts that can be used are systems known to the person skilled in the art based on tertiary amines and/or organotin compounds, such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate, or diacetate.

Preferred derivatives are hexamethylene diisocyanate trimers, diphenylmethane diisocyanate trimers, urethanes from 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate with free NCO groups, and di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC) modified with polyalkoxymonoalkyl ether, in particular di-, tri- or polyisocyanate modified with polyethylene oxide monoalkyl ether.

As an alternative to isocyanates modified with polyalkoxy monoalkyl ethers, tertiary alkanolamines can be used as additives to improve the cationic charge of the reaction products (S) and thus the solubility without compromising the overall properties. Dimethylaminoethanol is particularly suitable for this purpose.

The isocyanate (IC) may also be partially or completely blocked (see, for example, DE 100 17 651, paragraph [0042]). Preferred blocking agents are caprolactam, sodium bisulfite, methyl ethyl ketoxime, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, N-tert-butylbenzylamine, especially caprolactam. Blocking is carried out by reacting di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC) with the blocking agent in the melt or in an organic solvent (LM) which is inert towards isocyanates, preferably under a protective gas atmosphere and in the presence of a suitable catalyst, as described, for example, in EP 0 159 117 B1 or DE 44 41 418 A1. The molar ratio of the free NCO groups in the isocyanate (IC) to the isocyanate-reactive groups of the blocking agent is preferably in a stoichiometric excess, e.g. >1:1 to 2:1, more preferably up to 3:1. Suitable inert organic solvents (LM) are preferably anhydrous esters, such as, for example, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, i-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, i-butyl acetate or amyl acetate.

To prepare the reaction product (S), the molar ratio of free isocyanate (NCO) groups in the polyisocyanate (IC) to isocyanate-reactive groups, in particular hydroxyl groups and/or primary amino groups, in compound (A) is preferably adjusted to 1:1 to 1:1.3, preferably 1 to 1.1.

The component (1) preferably makes up 10-90 wt.%, preferably 20-80 wt.%, more preferably 25-65 wt.% or 0.1-90 wt.%, 1-50 wt.%, 5-30 wt.%, 1-30 wt.%, of which most preferably 1-30 wt.%, based on the total preparation (Z).

Component (2) is at least one copolymer (C) which contains at least one building block of the formula includes, where where

R ⁵ is -H or -CH ₃ , R ⁶ is a C ₁₂ -C ₄₀ hydrocarbon radical,

R ⁷ is a linear or branched aliphatic Ci-Cs hydrocarbon radical,

U = -O- or -NH-, or -CH ₂ -(CH ₂ ) _P -OH, and k and p are each independently an integer with k = 1 -5 and p = 0-10.

The building blocks are formed by copolymerization of the corresponding monomers where R ⁵ , R ⁷ , R ⁸ , and L are as defined for M(1 ), M(2) and M(3).

Monomers M'(1) that lead to a building block M(1) by polymerization are preferably alkyl (meth)acrylate, alkyl (meth)acrylamide, or alkyl carbamate (meth)acrylate, where the alkyl radical is a C ₁₂ -C ₄₀ hydrocarbon radical (R ⁶ ). Alkyl (meth)acrylates or alkyl carbamate (meth)acrylates are particularly preferred. The C ₁₂ -C ₄₀ hydrocarbon radical R ⁶ can be branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, and each comprises 12-40 carbon atoms. Preferred hydrocarbon radicals R ⁶ are selected from unbranched or branched dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, and triacosyl radicals. R ⁶ is particularly preferably an unbranched dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, or docosyl radical. The building block M(1) is particularly preferably obtained by polymerizing alkyl (meth)acrylate with an unbranched dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, cetyl, or docosyl radical as the alkyl radical. The monomer M'(1) can also be an alkyl carbamate (meth)acrylate, which is obtained from the reaction of a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate with an alkyl isocyanate, where the alkyl radical is as defined above. Alkyl carbamate (meth)acrylates are also obtainable by reacting 3-isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate with corresponding fatty alcohols or fatty amines. The starting material for the synthesis of alkyl carbamate monomers is particularly preferably 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, which is reacted with the alkyl isocyanate. The synthesis can be carried out either in bulk or in solvent at temperatures between 40-90 °C. Catalysts that can be used are systems based on tertiary amines and/or organotin compounds known to the person skilled in the art, such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin dilaurate, or diacetate. The reaction can be monitored titrimetrically or by means of IR spectroscopy.

In a preferred embodiment, component (2) comprises 30-90 mol%, preferably 40-85 mol%, more preferably 50-80 mol%, of the building block M(1).

Monomers that lead to a building block M(2) are preferably alkyl (meth)acrylates, where the alkyl radical is a C1-C8 hydrocarbon radical ( ^R7 ). Particularly preferred M'(2) is n-butyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate.

In a preferred embodiment, component (2) comprises 5-65 mol%, preferably 10-55 mol%, more preferably 16-49 mol%, of the building block M(2).

Monomers that lead to a building block M(3) are preferably (meth)acrylates or (meth)acrylamides, preferably (meth)acrylates, with a hydroxyl or epoxy group. Preferred monomers M'(3) are glycidyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.

In a preferred embodiment, component (2) comprises 0.1-8 mol%, preferably 0.5-5 mol%, more preferably 1-4 mol% of the building block M(3). In a preferred embodiment, the component (2) comprises the building block M(1), the building block M(2) and the building block M(3).

In a preferred embodiment, component (2) comprises 30-90 mol% of the building block M(1), 5-65 mol% of the building block M(2) and 0.1-5 mol% of the building block M(3).

In a preferred embodiment, component (2) does not comprise any building blocks formed by polymerization of styrene, methylstyrene, vinylidene chloride and/or vinyl chloride.

The copolymer (C) (component (2)) can be prepared in anhydrous organic solvents via radical polymerization. For this purpose, the monomers M'(1), M'(2), and M'(3) are dissolved in the solvent, and the polymerization is initiated under inert gas with the aid of a radical initiator at temperatures between 50 and 90 °C. Suitable solvents include, for example, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, alcohols, and ethers. Preference is given to aliphatic hydrocarbons, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran. Aliphatic hydrocarbons and isopropyl acetate are particularly preferred.

The polymerization is then usually initiated under inert gas at a temperature of 40-90 °C with stirring with a radical initiator such as azo compounds, e.g. azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisvaleronitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, and 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride, hydroperoxides, e.g. cumene hydroperoxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, dialkyl peroxide such as di-tert-butyl peroxide and dicumene peroxide, peroxyesters, e.g. tert-butyl perbenzoate, diacyl peroxides, e.g. benzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide, inorganic peroxides, e.g. ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate or a combination thereof. Chain regulators such as alkylthiols can also be used to control the chain length of the copolymers. The solids content of the polymer suspension after polymerization is between 20-60 wt.%, preferably 15-40 wt.%, based on the total mass.

In a preferred embodiment, component (2) (i.e. the pure copolymer) makes up 10-90 wt.%, preferably 20-80 wt.%, more preferably 30-70 wt.% or 0.1-90 wt.%, 1-50 wt.%, 5-30 wt.%, 1-30 wt.%, of which most preferably 1-30 wt.%, based on the total preparation (Z).

The addition of component (3) is optional. The above-described unblocked or at least partially blocked di-, tri-, or polyisocyanates (IC) are preferably used as component (3). Compounds of component (3) are also referred to as boosters and impart water-repellent properties. At the same time, due to the polyfunctionality of the isocyanate (IC), crosslinking occurs between the functional groups present on most substrates (e.g., -OH, -COOH, or -NH2 groups) and the unreacted functional groups of component (1) (e.g., -OH, -COOH, or -NH2 groups), which can significantly improve resistance to washing processes and increase abrasion resistance.

Component (3) can be used in both unblocked and at least partially blocked forms. When using the unblocked or partially blocked forms of component (3) in protic solvents, premature reaction of the free NCO groups with the reactive active hydrogen atoms of the application medium must be minimized or avoided. This means that the unblocked or partially blocked polyisocyanates have only a limited pot life in these application media.

If component (3) is to be applied from application media to fabrics that carry active hydrogen atoms, complete protection of the reactive NCO groups by blocking with suitable Blocking agents are necessary. The preferred blocked isocyanate (IC) is described above. To achieve complete blocking, a slight stoichiometric excess of blocking agent is typically used.

Preferably, 0-50 wt.%, preferably 1-35 wt.%, more preferably 5-35 wt.%, more preferably 5-25 wt.%, even more preferably 5-15 wt.% of component (3) is used, based on the total preparation. Component (3) can be used directly from solvent-containing, anhydrous media without formulation aids.

The preparation according to the invention contains at least one organic solvent. Component (4) is preferably a mixture of at least one organic solvent. Preferred organic solvents are polar or nonpolar. More preferably, the organic solvents are aprotic polar or aprotic non-polar and preferably selected from the group consisting of esters, e.g. ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, dibasic esters or amyl acetate, ketones, e.g. acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, ethers such as 1,1-dibutoxymethane and dimethoxymethane, glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, alcohols, in particular alcohols having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms such as 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol, butanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-hexyl-1-decanol and saturated hydrocarbons, such as saturated C5-10 hydrocarbons, preferably saturated _C6-8 hydrocarbons or most preferably saturated C6-2o hydrocarbons, in particular gasoline having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably gasoline having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, such as gasoline, hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane and cycloheptane, in particular n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane or n-octane, isoparaffin or petroleum ether. Advantageously, component (4) is used as a mixture of at least one organic solvent, in particular at least one polar and at least one non-polar solvent.

The term "polar" in the sense of the present application refers to solvents with a (permanent) electric dipole moment of at least 3.5 x 10 ^-30 Coulombmeter [Cm], preferably from 4 to 10 Cm, in contrast to an apolar or hydrophobic solvent, such as a hydrocarbon with an electric dipole moment of 0 to 3 x 10 ^-30 Cm.

The electric dipole moment and in particular the permanent electric dipole moment is a measure of the polarity of a molecule, which is usually caused by polar atomic bonds (e.g. due to different electronegativities of the atoms involved) or by charges (e.g. in the case of zwitterionic compounds).

The dipole moment of solvents can be determined using methods known to those skilled in the art and is usually known from the literature.

Polar and apolar solvents can be used in a mixing ratio of 1:99 to 99:1, preferably 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably 20:80 to 80:20 and most preferably 1:1 to 1:2.

A preferred mixture comprises at least one ester, preferably in an amount of 10 wt% to 85 wt%, at least one saturated C5-10 hydrocarbon, e.g. gasoline, preferably in an amount of 15 wt% to 35 wt% and optionally at least one alcohol, preferably in an amount of 0 wt% to 65 wt%, more preferably 35 wt% to 65 wt%.

A preferred mixture comprises at least one glycol ether, preferably in an amount of 10 wt.% to 85 wt.%, at least one ether, preferably in an amount of 15 wt.% to 55 wt.%, and optionally at least one alcohol, preferably in an amount of 0 wt.% to 65 wt.%. Component (4) can be added separately or incorporated into the preparation together with components (1), (2), and/or (3). The individual components (1), (2), and optionally (3) are preferably formulated using component (4) as a solution, in particular an anhydrous solution, to form the preparation according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment, component (4) makes up 20-99.9 wt.%, preferably 40-99.8 wt.%, more preferably 50-99 wt.%, based on the total preparation (Z).

The preparation (Z) according to the invention can further comprise at least one reaction product (CDI). The reaction product (CDI) is preferably obtained by the following steps: a) providing at least one di-, tri-, or polyisocyanate (IC), b) reacting (IC) with at least one organic compound (O) containing at least one isocyanate-reactive group, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups is set at 10:1 to 3:2, preferably 4:1 to 2:1, and c) carbodiimidizing the products present after step b) with a catalyst at temperatures of 25-150°C, preferably 40-100°C.

Alternatively, the reaction product (CDI) can be obtained by the following steps a) providing at least one di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC), b) carbodiimidizing (IC) with a catalyst at temperatures of 25-150 °C, preferably 40-100 °C, and c) reacting the products present after step b) with at least one organic compound (O) which contains at least one isocyanate-reactive group, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups is set to a ratio of 1:1.

Preferably, the organic compound (0) is selected from the group consisting of monoamine, monoalcohol, diamine, diol, polyamine and polyol, preferably monoamine, monoalcohol, diamine and diol. Particularly preferably, the organic compound (0) is selected from the group consisting of

R ⁹ -OH,

R ⁹ -NH ₂ ,

HO-R ¹⁰ -OH and

H ₂ NR ¹⁰ -NH ₂ , where

R ⁹ is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 12-40 carbon atoms, which may optionally contain at least one group selected from -CO-O-, -CO-, -CO-NH- and -O- and is optionally substituted with at least one polyalkylene oxide, cationic, anionic and/or amphoteric group, and

R ¹⁰ is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 12-40 carbon atoms, which may optionally contain at least one group selected from -CO-O-, -CO-, -CO-NH- and -O- and is optionally substituted with at least one polyalkylene oxide, cationic, anionic and/or amphoteric group.

The cationic group can be selected from an ammonium group. The anionic group can be selected from a carboxylate, sulfonate, and/or phosphate group. The amphoteric group is preferably selected from a betaine and/or sulfobetaine. In a preferred embodiment, the monoalcohol is selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, glycerol distearate, glycerol dibehenate, pentaerythritol tristearate, sorbitan tristearate, triethanolamine distearate, and mixtures thereof. Stearylamine, distearylamine, reaction products of diethanolamine with fatty acids, and mixtures thereof are preferably used as the monoamine. Suitable diamines include, for example, dimer fatty acid diamines. Suitable diols include, for example, dimer fatty acid diols.

The carbodiimidization is preferably carried out catalytically. Catalysts are known to the person skilled in the art and can be selected from phosphorene oxides, in particular 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene oxide, 1-methyl-3-phospholene oxide, 1- Methyl-2-phospholene oxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-phospholene oxide and 1,3-dimethyl-3-phospholene oxide, and mercury compounds.

Carbodiimidization is typically carried out at temperatures of 25-150 °C, preferably 40-100 °C, more preferably 50-80 °C. The catalyst is preferably used at 0.1-1 mol%, based on the isocyanate groups present during the carbodiimidization.

In a preferred embodiment, the content of the reaction product (CDI) is preferably 0-50 wt.%, preferably 1-50 wt.%, more preferably 5-35 wt.%, even more preferably 5-15 wt.%, based on the total preparation. The reaction product (CDI) can optionally be dissolved or dispersed in at least one organic solvent as described above. The reaction product (CDI) can be added separately or incorporated into the preparation together with components (1), (2) and/or optionally (3) and/or optionally (4).

The reaction product (CDI) can be used directly from solvent-containing anhydrous media without formulation aids.

The preparation (Z) according to the invention is preferably in the form of a solution (at 20°C). The solids content of the preparation (Z) (components (1) + (2) + optionally (3)) is preferably 0.1-99.9 wt. %, preferably 1-75 wt. %, based on the total preparation.

Typically, components (1), (2) and, if applicable, (3) are each prepared separately using component (4) as a solution and then formulated to form preparation (Z).

A further object of the invention is the use of the preparation according to the invention as an impregnating or hydrophobizing agent on porous and non-porous surfaces, in particular on flat structures or fibers, such as building materials, in particular wood, wood materials, fiberboards (HDF, MDF), Wood fiber products, paper, cardboard, plywood, chipboard, particleboard, fiberboard and masonite as well as glass, metal, plastic, textile substrates, leather and mineral fabrics, or linear textiles such as yarns, threads or ropes.

The preparation is preferably applied to the surfaces for hydrophobization in amounts of 0.01-5% by weight or 0.5-5% by weight, preferably 0.05-3% by weight or 0.5-3% by weight of solid substance based on the weight of the surface to be treated.

"Fibers" within the meaning of the present invention include natural fibers as well as synthetic fibers. Natural fibers are preferably cotton, wool, or silk. Synthetic fibers are synthetically produced from natural or synthetic polymers and are preferably made of polyester, polyolefin, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene, more preferably polypropylene, polyamide, polyaramid, such as Kevlar® and Nomex®, polyacrylonitrile, elastane, or regenerated fibers such as viscose, lyocell, modal, or cupro.

A textile within the meaning of the invention is made of multiple fibers. The textile is preferably linear or flat. A "linear textile" is understood to mean, for example, a yarn, a twisted yarn, or a rope. "Flat textiles" are preferably nonwovens, felts, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and braids. According to the invention, textiles can also contain mixtures of natural fibers and synthetic fibers.

Particularly preferred are fabrics made of textile substrates, such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and pre-consolidated nonwovens. The textile substrates can be made of native fibers, e.g., wool or cotton, or of synthetic fibers, such as PES-PA, and regenerated fibers and their blends.

When applied to textile fabrics, the preparations according to the invention can also be combined with the textile auxiliaries commonly used in the textile industry. Further possible textile auxiliaries include those that improve flame resistance, stability, and safety against microbes and pests, or that impart a preferred feel to the fabric. However, the desired fabric feel or stability in wood applications can be achieved solely through the inventive combination of components (1) to (3), which is why further textile auxiliaries can be dispensed with in these cases.

The use of the preparation according to the invention on wood or wood-based materials has proven particularly advantageous. These materials could be treated in such a way that swelling, for example, at the tongue and groove joints, e.g., in laminate or parquet, or at the edges of furniture components, e.g., can be significantly reduced, if not prevented. Substrates treated in this way can be easily subjected to further processing steps and, for example, exhibit good paintability.

The sheet materials can also consist of paper, which can be produced by known papermaking methods and from all raw materials commonly used in this field. The preparations according to the invention can be applied either as an additive to the paper pulp or by application to the surface of the machine-finished paper by means of coating systems using roller, doctor blade, or air brush coating methods, followed by infrared, hot air, or cylinder drying.

Leather fabrics are also well suited for finishing with the preparations according to the invention. If the application takes place in the finishing processes downstream of the tannery, this can be done using conventional application methods or by spraying or impregnating.

The treatment of other surfaces is also possible. Mineral surfaces such as concrete, brick, plaster, gypsum, non-glazed Tiles, ceramic parts or even wall surfaces can be given excellent water repellency by spraying or soaking with the finishing solution according to the invention.

In another embodiment, the preparation (Z) according to the invention can be used as an additive for water repellency in paints, varnishes, or plasters. The proportion of the preparation according to the invention in this case is typically 1 to 10 wt. % solids of the preparation according to the invention, based on the total composition.

A further aspect of the present invention is a process for hydrophobizing substrates, in particular sheet-like structures as described above, by applying the preparation (Z) according to the invention to a substrate. Application is carried out by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by spraying, dipping, impregnating, brushing, or sponging.

The process according to the invention preferably further comprises a post-treatment step, in particular for drying. Preferably, the substrate treated with preparation (Z) is first dried at room temperature. Additionally, a heat treatment can be carried out if necessary. The duration of the heat treatment depends on the temperatures used.

Many ready-made articles are washed either in domestic or industrial washing machines or subjected to dry cleaning. Garments treated with the preparation to make them oil-, water-, and dirt-repellent suffer a loss of these properties during washing or cleaning. These properties can be refreshed and revitalized by post-treating the washed textile substrates with the preparation according to the process described above. Therefore, the process is preferably also applied to textile substrates that have already been washed (several times). Figure 1: Illustration of the beading measuring device and the test setup (20° inclination angle)

Figure 2: Comparison of water repellency between a concrete surface treated with preparation Z-8 (left) and an untreated surface (right).

Figure 3: Illustration of the water application to the hydrophobized chipboard immediately after application.

Figure 4: Representation of the particle boards after 24 hours of swelling time, showing the strong swelling at the blank value and the minimal swelling at Z-1 to Z-8.

Examples

Finish fabric, water repellency

The following examples illustrate the invention. The finishes were applied to textile fabrics by spraying.

The liquor absorption was determined by weighing the finished test samples before and after application.

The modified substrates were tested under standard conditions (20 °C, 65% relative humidity) 24 hours after conditioning. Coating quantities and heat treatment conditions are listed in Tables 3a and 3b.

The water repellency of the textile fabrics was tested both by spray testing according to AATCC Standard Test Method 22 and by the much more differentiated “Bundesmann test” according to DIN 53 888. The test according to AATCC Standard Test Method 22 is carried out by spraying distilled water under controlled conditions onto the textile substrate to be tested and then visually comparing the wetting pattern to Images of an assessment standard listed in the test method. The numerical values given refer to the appearance of the surface after spraying the water and have the following meaning:

100 = No adhesion of water droplets or wetting of the upper surface 90 = Occasional adhesion of water droplets or wetting of the upper surface

80 = Wetting of the upper surface at the points of impact of the water 70 = Partial wetting of the entire upper surface

50 = Complete wetting of the entire upper surface

0 = Complete wetting of the entire upper and lower surface

(Networking).

Examples of component manufacturing (1)

Connection (A):

General preparation procedure for compounds (A) of formula (AI) and/or (All)

In a suitably sized three-necked flask equipped with a distillation condenser, adjustable stirrer and internal thermometer, the reactants (a1, a2 or a3) and (b1) listed in Table 1 are melted in the quantities in grams stated therein under a protective gas and with stirring. The mixture is then heated to the final temperature (T) stated in Table 1 and stirring is continued until no more water of reaction distills off and the acid number (AN) stated in Table 1 is reached. If necessary, 0.1% sulfuric acid can be added as a catalyst in the esterification reactions. No addition of catalyst is necessary for the amidation reactions. The resulting condensation product is poured out and, after cooling, processed into flakes.

Special preparation procedure for compounds (A) of formula (AI) and/or (A11) using alkyl isocyanates (b2) and further processing to the reaction product (S) In a suitably sized three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, adjustable stirrer, internal thermometer, and dropping funnel, the compounds (a1) and (b2) listed in Table 1 are initially charged in grams in isopropyl acetate (solvent (LM)). Then, 0.05% of 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane, based on the total amount of components, is added as catalyst, and the mixture is stirred at 80 °C until no NCO band is detectable in the IR spectrum. Subsequently, to prepare the reaction product (S), the amount in grams of component (IC) listed in Table 1 is added to the mixture, and stirring is continued at 80 °C until no NCO band is detectable in the IR spectrum.

Reaction products (S) (=component (1)):

General preparation procedure for reaction products (S) from a compound (A) and unblocked or partially blocked di-, tri- or polyisocyanates (IC)

In a suitably sized three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser, adjustable stirrer, internal thermometer, and dropping funnel, the compounds (A) and components (IC) listed in Table 1 are placed in solvent (LM) in the amounts specified therein (grams). Subsequently, 0.05% of 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octane is added as a catalyst, based on the total amount of components, and the mixture is stirred at 65 °C until no NCO band is detectable in the IR spectrum.

Examples of component manufacturing (2)

Acrylic acid 2-[[(octadecylamine)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl ester is prepared analogously to Example 2 in EP0448399B1.

Copolymer solution C(1) 62.7 g (0.150 mol) of 2-[[(octadecylamine)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl acrylate, 11.1 g (0.078 mol) of isobutyl methacrylate, and 1.5 g (0.015 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate are dissolved in 75 g of dibutoxymethane and heated to 60 °C. 0.3 g (1.5 mmol) of 1-dodecanethiol is added. After repeated inerting with nitrogen, the polymerization is initiated by adding 1.2 g of 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and the reaction solution is stirred at 60 °C for 24 hours. A clear, slightly yellowish polymer solution with a solids content of approximately 50% is obtained.

Molar ratio in mol[%]: Monomer M’(1): Monomer M’(2):Monomer M’(3) = e.g. 62:32:6

Copolymer solution C(2)

243.4 g (0.75 mol) of stearyl acrylate, 29.5 g (0.21 mol) of tert-butyl methacrylate, 2.63 g (0.012 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate, and 2.63 g (0.02 mol) of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate are dissolved in 280 g of n-heptane and heated to 60 °C. 1.1 g (5.4 mmol) of 1-dodecanethiol are added. After repeated inerting with nitrogen, the polymerization is initiated by adding 4.6 g of 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and the reaction solution is stirred at 60 °C for 24 hours. A clear, slightly yellowish polymer solution with a solids content of approximately 50% is obtained.

Molar ratio in mol[%]: Monomer M'(1): Monomer M'(2):Monomer M'(3):Monomer M'(4) = e.g. 76:21:1:2

Copolymer solution C(3)

275.0 g (0.67 mol) of behenyl methacrylate, 19.0 g (0.096 mol) of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, and 2.63 g (0.012 mol) of glycidyl methacrylate are dissolved in 300 g of Isopar J and heated to 60 °C. 1.1 g (5.4 mmol) of 1-dodecanethiol are added. After repeated inerting with nitrogen, the polymerization is initiated by adding 4.6 g of 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), and the reaction solution is stirred at 60 °C for 24 hours. A clear, slightly yellowish polymer solution with a solids content of approximately 50% is obtained.

Molar ratio in mol[%]: Monomer M'(1): Monomer M'(2):Monomer M'(3) = e.g. 86:12:2 Preparation of the preparations according to the invention (Z)

The reaction products (S) (=component (1)) listed in Table 1 are mixed with component (2) and, if appropriate, diluted with a suitable solvent (LM), whereby the preparations (Z) listed in Table 2 are obtained.

The solutions (SL) listed in Table 1, containing components (1) and (4), are mixed with component (2). If necessary, components (3) and (4) are added in the specified weight ratios, yielding the preparations (Z) listed in Table 2.

Table 1 (according to the invention): Preparation of component (1); quantities in grams Table 2: Mixing ratios of the preparation according to the invention (Z)

Table 2a: Mixing ratios of the solvent preparations according to the invention (component 4)

Finishing examples

Application of preparations (Z) on textile fabrics:

Equipment conditions and test results are summarized in Table 3. Table 3: Spray application on polyester fabric, laminated on one side with

Polyester film, 125 g/m ²

Equipment result

Application quantity of preparation (Z) 200 g/l in isopropyl acetate

Fleet intake: 80%

Drying and condensation: 24 h at room temperature

Application of preparations (Z) on porous surfaces

Example 1

Brush application on planed spruce boards, 250 g/m ²

Equipment result

Application quantity of preparation 1 -8 (Z) 200 g/l in isopropyl acetate

Drying: 15 min at room temperature

Condensation: 24 h at RT

The boards were evenly coated with a brush until the preparation (calculated at 250g/ ^m² ) was completely used up. The boards felt dry after just 5 minutes (room temperature) after impregnation. After 24 hours of storage, the boards were positioned at a 10° angle and slowly watered with 2 liters of distilled water at the highest point. The hydrophobic effects of the preparation according to the invention Preparations are evident in that the water beads up and no visible water stains can be observed.

Example 2:

Application of preparations 1-8 (Z) on mineral building materials to improve water and dirt resistance:

Application:

The inventive preparations 1-8 (Z) were used for the hydrophobicization and protective treatment of porous mineral building materials, such as concrete, brick, plaster, or gypsum. The aim was to extend the service life of these materials, increase their resistance to weathering, and prevent the penetration of moisture and dirt.

Application:

• The mineral surfaces were first cleaned of dirt, dust, and loose particles by mechanical cleaning (e.g., sweeping or high-pressure cleaning). Care was taken to ensure that the surface to be treated was dry to ensure optimal adhesion of the preparation.

• The inventive preparations 1-8 (Z) were applied evenly to the surface using a suitable application method, for example, by brushing, rolling, or spraying. The recommended application rate was approximately 200-300 g/m ²

• The treated surface was then left for 24 hours at

Dried at room temperature to allow the solvent to evaporate and permanently fix the preparation to the substrate.

Application-technical experiment

A beading meter (see Figure 1) was used to test the water repellency of the treated surface. The surface was positioned at an angle of 20° and poured with 200 milliliters of distilled water. The behavior of the water droplets was recorded. observed.

Test result

• The treated surfaces showed complete repellency of water, which rolled off in the form of drops without leaving stains or penetrating the substrate.

• For comparison, an untreated surface of the same mineral substrate type was tested. This surface showed significant water stains and significant moisture absorption by the material (see Figure 2 for an example).

Additionally, it was found that the treated surface is significantly more resistant to dirt adhesion. This makes cleaning easier and the surface retains its original appearance longer. The porous structure of the building material was fully preserved despite the hydrophobic treatment, thus ensuring the material's vapor permeability.

Conclusion:

The results show that the inventive preparations 1-8 (Z) effectively protect mineral building materials from moisture without compromising their fundamental material properties, such as vapor permeability. The high water and dirt resistance makes the preparation ideal for applications in the construction industry, such as facades, sidewalks, or exterior walls, where durability and protection against environmental influences are essential.

Example 3:

Application of preparations 1-8 (Z) for impregnation and hydrophobization of wooden surfaces:

Application:

The preparations 1-8 (Z) according to the invention were used for the impregnation and hydrophobization of wood and wood-based material surfaces, such as solid wood, chipboard or MDF boards, in order to protect them from moisture, To protect against mold growth, mechanical abrasion and other environmental influences.

Application:

• First, the wood surface was treated by mechanical rubbing or

Vacuumed to remove dust, loose particles, and dirt. Ensured the surface was dry before treatment.

The inventive preparations 1-8 (Z) were applied to the wood surface using a suitable application method, for example, by spraying or brushing. The application rate was preferably 200 g/m ²

After application, drying was carried out at room temperature (20-25 °C) for at least 24 hours to allow complete evaporation of the solvent and to ensure complete cross-linking of the preparation with the wood surface.

Application test:

A swelling test was conducted on hydrophobicized particle boards. A defined amount of water was applied to each surface treated with preparations 1 to 8 (see Figure 3). After a contact time of 24 hours (swelling time), the swelling behavior of the boards was tested (see Figure 4).

Test results:

The blank (untreated particleboard) showed pronounced swelling behavior with significant water absorption and visible deformation. Of the boards treated with the preparations (Z-1 to Z-8), only the surfaces treated with Z-1 and Z-4 showed minimal swelling behavior. The remaining preparations, however, showed no swelling behavior.

Conclusion:

The treated wood surface exhibits significantly increased water repellency, noticeable by the water beading (hydrophobic effect). At the same time, The wood's natural breathability is preserved. Furthermore, the treated wood exhibits improved resistance to mechanical influences and remains easily processable, for example, by painting, gluing, or screwing. Especially with tongue-and-groove joints, such as those found in laminate or parquet, swelling due to moisture is significantly reduced or completely prevented.

Claims

Claims 1. Preparation (Z), comprising (1 ) at least one reaction product (8) obtainable by reacting at least one compound (A) of the formula (AI) and/or where R ¹ is -XYZ or-Z, with X = — (CH ₂ ) _n ''— , Z = -(CH ₂ ) _m -CH ₃ , ^R2 is, R ³ is -XYZ, -Z or -YZ, with the proviso that in the case of -YZ in the radical R ² n is replaced by n”, R ⁴ is -XYZ or -(CH ₂ ) _n H, B ¹ -VWZ or -Z, with V = -(Ch ₂ )n“ or B ² = -(CH ₂ )n“-NH2, or is, B ³ = -VWZ, -Z or is, B ⁴ = -VWZ or is, Q = -(CH ₂ )n”- and n, n', n”, n'” and m are each independently an integer, with n 0-2, n' = 0-4, n" = 1 -4, n'" = 0-4 and m = 8-30, preferably 10-26, more preferably 10-22, with at least one unblocked or at least partially blocked di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC), wherein the proportion of free isocyanate (NCO) groups in the polyisocyanate (IC) is between 1.8 and 10 per mole, (2) at least one copolymer (C) comprising at least one building block of the formula (M(2)) and/or (M(3)) where R ⁵ is -H or -CH ₃ , R ⁶ is a C ₁₂ -C ₄₀ hydrocarbon radical, R ⁷ is a linear or branched aliphatic Ci -Cs hydrocarbon radical, U = -0- or -NH-, Or -CH ₂ -(CH ₂ ) _p -OH, and k and p are each independently an integer with k = 1-5 and p = 0-10. (3) optionally at least one unblocked or at least partially blocked di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC), and (4) at least one organic solvent. 2. Preparation (Z) according to claim 1, which is free from fluorine compounds. 3. Preparation (Z) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein component (1) makes up 0.1-90 wt.%, preferably 1-50 wt.%, more preferably 5-30 wt.% and most preferably 1-30 wt.% based on the total preparation (Z). 4. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein component (2) makes up 0.1-90 wt.%, preferably 1-50 wt.%, more preferably 5-30 wt.% and most preferably 1-30 wt.%, based on the total preparation (Z). 5. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein component (3) makes up 0-50 wt.%, preferably 5-35 wt.%, more preferably 10-25 wt.%, based on the total preparation (Z). 6. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein component (4) makes up 20-99.9 wt.%, preferably 40-99.8 wt.%, more preferably 50-99 wt.%, based on the total preparation (Z). 7. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein component (2) contains 30-90 mol%, preferably 40-85 mol%, more preferably 50-80 mol%, of the building block M(1). 8. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein component (2) contains 5-65 mol%, preferably 10-55 mol%, more preferably 16-49 mol%, of the building block M(2). 9. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein component (2) contains 0.1-8 mol%, preferably 0.5-5 mol%, more preferably 1-4 mol%, of the building block M(3). 10. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein component (2) contains 30-90 mol% of the building block M(1), 5-65 mol% of the building block M(2) and 0.1-5 mol% of the building block M(3). 11. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein for the reaction product (S) the molar ratio of free isocyanate (NCO) groups in the polyisocyanate (IC) to isocyanate-reactive groups in compound (A) is set to 1:1 to 1:1.3, preferably 1 to 1.1. 12. Preparation (Z) according to claim 11, wherein the isocyanate-reactive groups are hydroxy groups and/or primary amino groups. 13. Preparation (Z) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound (A) is hydrophobic. 14. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the Isocyanate (IC) is selected from the group consisting of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), higher-chain homologues of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (polymer MDI), 4-methylcyclohexane-1,3-diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate trimers, hexamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimers, Isophorone diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate trimers, 2,2,4- or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, dimer diisocyanate and mixtures, such as mixtures of MDI and polymer MDI, and derivatives thereof. 15. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the organic solvent according to component (4) is selected from esters, e.g. ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, Isobutyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, dibasic esters or Amyl acetate, ketones, e.g. acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, ethers such as 1,1-dibutoxymethane and dimethoxymethane, glycol ethers such as Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, Propylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, alcohols such as 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethanol, butanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-hexyl-1-decanol and saturated hydrocarbons, such as saturated C5-10 hydrocarbons, preferably saturated _C6-8 hydrocarbons or most preferably saturated _C6-20 hydrocarbons, such as gasoline, isoparaffin, petroleum ether, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane or n-octane. 16. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the organic solvent according to component (4) is a mixture of at least one polar and at least one non-polar solvent. 17. Preparation (Z) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the organic solvent according to component (4) is a mixture of at least one ether, at least one glycol ether and optionally at least one alcohol. 18. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 1-17, further comprising at least one reaction product (CDI) obtainable by the following steps a. providing at least one di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC), b. reacting (IC) with at least one organic compound (O) which contains at least one isocyanate-reactive group, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups is set at 10:1 to 3:2, preferably 4:1 to 2:1, and c. carbodiimidizing the products present after step b) with a catalyst at temperatures of 25-150 °C, preferably 40-100 °C. 19. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 1-17, further comprising at least one reaction product (CDI), preferably obtainable by the following steps: a. Providing at least one di-, tri- or polyisocyanate (IC), b. Carbodiimidizing (IC) with a catalyst at temperatures of 25-150 °C, preferably 40-100 °C, and c. reacting the products present after step b) with at least one organic compound (O) containing at least one isocyanate-reactive group, wherein the molar ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups is adjusted to a ratio of 1:1. 20. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 18-19, wherein the organic compound (O) is selected from the group consisting of monoamine, monoalcohol, diamine, diol, polyamine and polyol, preferably monoamine, monoalcohol, diamine and diol. 21. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 18-20, wherein the organic compound (0) is selected from the group consisting of R ⁹ -OH, R ⁹ -NH ₂ , HO-R ¹⁰ -OH and H ₂ NR ¹⁰ -NH ₂ , where R ⁹ is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 12-40 carbon atoms, which may optionally contain at least one group selected from -CO-O-, -CO-, -CO-NH- and -O- and is optionally substituted with at least one polyalkylene oxide, cationic, anionic and/or amphoteric group, and R ¹⁰ is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 12-40 carbon atoms, which may optionally contain at least one group selected from -CO-O-, -CO-, -CO-NH- and -O- and is optionally substituted with at least one polyalkylene oxide, cationic, anionic and/or amphoteric group. 22. Preparation (Z) according to claim 21, wherein the cationic group is selected from an ammonium group. 23. Preparation (Z) according to claim 21, wherein the anionic group is selected from carboxylate, sulfonate and/or phosphate. 24. Preparation (Z) according to claim 21, wherein the amphoteric group is selected from a betaine and/or sulfobetaine. 25. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 20-24, wherein the monoalcohol is selected from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, glycerol distearate, glycerol dibehenate, pentaerythritol tristearate, sorbitan tristearate, triethanolamine distearate and mixtures thereof. 26. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 20-24, wherein the monoamine is selected from stearylamine, distearylamine, reaction products of diethanolamine with fatty acids, and mixtures thereof. 27. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 20-24, wherein the diamine is selected from dimer fatty acid diamines. 28. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 20-24, wherein the diol is selected from dimer fatty acid diols. 29. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 18-28, wherein the catalyst for carbodiimidization is selected from phosphorene oxides, in particular 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene oxide, 1-methyl-3-phospholene oxide, 1-methyl-2-phospholene oxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-phospholene oxide and 1,3-dimethyl-3-phospholene oxide, and mercury compounds. 30. Preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 18-29, wherein the reaction product (CDI) makes up 1-50 wt.%, preferably 5-35 wt.%, based on the total preparation. 31. Use of a preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 1-30 as an impregnating and hydrophobizing agent. 32. Use of the preparation (Z) according to claim 31 as an impregnating or hydrophobizing agent for porous and non-porous surfaces, in particular wood, wood-based materials, wood fibre boards (such as HDF, MDF), paper, cardboard, plywood, chipboard, fibreboard and masonite, and mineral surface structures (such as wood wool lightweight panels). 33. Use of the preparation (Z) according to claim 31 as an additive in paints, impregnating agents, varnishes or plasters. 34. A process for the hydrophobization of substrates, comprising applying the preparation (Z) according to any one of claims 1-30 to porous and non-porous surfaces, in particular wood, wood-based materials, wood fiber boards (such as HDF, MDF), paper, cardboard, plywood, chipboard, fiberboard and masonite), and mineral sheet materials (such as concrete, brick, plaster, gypsum, unglazed tiles, ceramic parts or wood wool lightweight construction boards). 35. The method according to claim 34, wherein the application is carried out by spraying, dipping, soaking, brushing or sponging.