WO2025199933A1 - Prédiction de défaillance de transfert (ho)/défaillance de liaison radio (rlf) basée sur l'intelligence artificielle - Google Patents

Prédiction de défaillance de transfert (ho)/défaillance de liaison radio (rlf) basée sur l'intelligence artificielle

Info

Publication number
WO2025199933A1
WO2025199933A1 PCT/CN2024/084742 CN2024084742W WO2025199933A1 WO 2025199933 A1 WO2025199933 A1 WO 2025199933A1 CN 2024084742 W CN2024084742 W CN 2024084742W WO 2025199933 A1 WO2025199933 A1 WO 2025199933A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rlf
predicted
base station
circuitry
failure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/084742
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Fangli Xu
Alexander Sirotkin
Ping-Heng Kuo
Naveen Kumar R Palle VENKATA
Peng Cheng
Haijing Hu
Zhibin Wu
Ralf ROSSBACH
Yuqin Chen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Apple Inc
Original Assignee
Apple Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Apple Inc filed Critical Apple Inc
Priority to PCT/CN2024/084742 priority Critical patent/WO2025199933A1/fr
Publication of WO2025199933A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025199933A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
    • H04W8/24—Transfer of terminal data

Definitions

  • Wireless communication systems are rapidly growing in usage.
  • wireless devices such as smart phones and tablet computers have become increasingly sophisticated.
  • many mobile devices now provide access to the internet, email, text messaging, and navigation using the global positioning system (GPS) and are capable of operating sophisticated applications that utilize these functionalities.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 5G NR Fifth Generation New Radio
  • apparatuses, systems, and methods are provided for an apparatus of a UE, the apparatus comprising one or more processors, coupled to a memory, configured to: encode, for transmission to a base station, a UE capability report; decode configuration information, received from the base station, for training one or more artificial intelligence (AI) based models for predicting radio link failure (RLF) ; encode, for transmission to the base station, a notification message indicating to the base station, one or more conditions and availability of the one more AI based models for use by the UE; decode, from the base station, an activation instruction; activate the one more AI based models for predicting radio link failure (RLF) based on the activation instruction; determine a predicted RLF confidence level using the one more AI based models for predicting an RLF; compare the predicted RLF confidence level to a confidence threshold; and encode, for transmission to the base station, an RLF prediction report indicating the predicted RLF confidence level is greater than the confidence threshold.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • RLF radio link failure
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example block diagram of an interface of baseband circuitry according to some embodiments.
  • Carrier Medium a memory medium as described above, as well as a physical transmission medium, such as a bus, network, and/or other physical transmission medium that conveys signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals.
  • a physical transmission medium such as a bus, network, and/or other physical transmission medium that conveys signals such as electrical, electromagnetic, or digital signals.
  • Programmable Hardware Element includes various hardware devices comprising multiple programmable function blocks connected via a programmable interconnect. Examples include FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) , PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices) , FPOAs (Field Programmable Object Arrays) , and CPLDs (Complex PLDs) .
  • the programmable function blocks may range from fine grained (combinatorial logic or look up tables) to coarse grained (arithmetic logic units or processor cores) .
  • a programmable hardware element may also be referred to as "reconfigurable logic” .
  • UE User Equipment
  • UE Device any of various types of computer systems devices which are mobile or portable and which performs wireless communications.
  • UE devices include mobile telephones or smart phones (e.g., iPhone TM , Android TM -based phones) , portable gaming devices (e.g., Nintendo DS TM , PlayStation Portable TM , Gameboy Advance TM , iPhone TM ) , laptops, wearable devices (e.g., smart watch, smart glasses) , PDAs, portable Internet devices, music players, data storage devices, other handheld devices, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) , UAV controllers (UACs) , and so forth.
  • UAVs unmanned aerial vehicles
  • UACs UAV controllers
  • Base Station has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a wireless communication station installed at a fixed location and used to communicate as part of a wireless telephone system or radio system.
  • WLAN channels may be 22 MHz wide while Bluetooth channels may be 1 MHz wide.
  • Other protocols and standards may include different definitions of channels.
  • some standards may define and use multiple types of channels, e.g., different channels for uplink or downlink and/or different channels for different uses such as data, control information, etc.
  • band has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning, and at least includes a section of spectrum (e.g., radio frequency spectrum) in which channels are used or set aside for the same purpose.
  • spectrum e.g., radio frequency spectrum
  • Automatically refers to an action or operation performed by a computer system (e.g., software executed by the computer system) or device (e.g., circuitry, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc. ) , without user input directly specifying or performing the action or operation.
  • a computer system e.g., software executed by the computer system
  • device e.g., circuitry, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc.
  • An automatic procedure may be initiated by input provided by the user, but the subsequent actions that are performed “automatically” are not specified by the user, i.e., are not performed “manually” , where the user specifies each action to perform.
  • a user filling out an electronic form by selecting each field and providing input specifying information is filling out the form manually, even though the computer system will update the form in response to the user actions.
  • the form may be automatically filled out by the computer system where the computer system (e.g., software executing on the computer system) analyzes the fields of the form and fills in the form without any user input specifying the answers to the fields.
  • the user may invoke the automatic filling of the form, but is not involved in the actual filling of the form (e.g., the user is not manually specifying answers to fields but rather they are being automatically completed) .
  • the present specification provides various examples of operations being automatically performed in response to actions the user has taken.
  • Various components may be described as “configured to” perform a task or tasks.
  • “configured to” is a broad recitation generally meaning “having structure that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the component can be configured to perform the task even when the component is not currently performing that task (e.g., a set of electrical conductors may be configured to electrically connect a module to another module, even when the two modules are not connected) .
  • “configured to” may be a broad recitation of structure generally meaning “having circuitry that” performs the task or tasks during operation. As such, the component can be configured to perform the task even when the component is not currently on.
  • the circuitry that forms the structure corresponding to “configured to” may include hardware circuits.
  • the example embodiments are also described with regard to a fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network that may configure a UE to control the UE side performance monitoring.
  • 5G fifth generation
  • NR New Radio
  • reference to a 5G NR network is merely provided for illustrative purposes.
  • the example embodiments may be utilized with any appropriate type of network.
  • a user equipment comprising one or more processors, coupled to a memory, may be configured to: encode, for transmission to a base station, a UE capability report; decode configuration information, received from the base station, for training one or more artificial intelligence (AI) based models for predicting radio link failure (RLF) ; encode, for transmission to the base station, a notification message indicating to the base station, one or more conditions and availability of the one more AI based models for use by the UE; decode, from the base station, an activation instruction; activate the one more AI based models for predicting radio link failure (RLF) based on the activation instruction; predict the RLF using the one or more AI based models based on predicting a block error rate (BLER) of one or more reference signals or based on classifying a risk level of the RLF based on a plurality of inputs; and transmit a RLF prediction report to the base station based on the prediction.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • RLF radio link failure
  • the base station (BS) 102A may be a base transceiver station (BTS) or cell site (a “cellular base station” ) and may include hardware that enables wireless communication with the UEs 106A through 106N.
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • cellular base station a “cellular base station”
  • the communication area (or coverage area) of the base station may be referred to as a “cell. ”
  • the base station 102A and the UEs 106 may be configured to communicate over the transmission medium using any of various radio access technologies (RATs) , also referred to as wireless communication technologies, or telecommunication standards, such as GSM, UMTS (associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces) , LTE, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , 5G new radio (5G NR) , HSPA, 3GPP2 CDMA2000 (e.g., 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, HRPD, eHRPD) , etc.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • UMTS associated with, for example, WCDMA or TD-SCDMA air interfaces
  • LTE LTE-Advanced
  • 5G NR 5G new radio
  • 3GPP2 CDMA2000 e.g., 1xRT
  • the base station 102A may also be equipped to communicate with a network 100 (e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider, a telecommunication network such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN) , and/or the Internet, among various possibilities) .
  • a network 100 e.g., a core network of a cellular service provider, a telecommunication network such as a public switched telephone network (PSTN) , and/or the Internet, among various possibilities
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • the base station 102A may facilitate communication between the user devices and/or between the user devices and the network 100.
  • the cellular base station 102A may provide UEs 106 with various telecommunication capabilities, such as voice, SMS and/or data services.
  • Base station 102A and other similar base stations (such as base stations 102B...102N) operating according to the same or a different cellular communication standard may thus be provided as a network of cells, which may provide continuous or nearly continuous overlapping service to UEs 106A-N and similar devices over a geographic area via one or more cellular communication standards.
  • the UE 106 may include a processor that is configured to execute program instructions stored in memory. The UE 106 may perform any of the method embodiments described herein by executing such stored instructions. Alternatively, or in addition, the UE 106 may include a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field-programmable gate array) that is configured to perform any of the method embodiments described herein, or any portion of any of the method embodiments described herein.
  • a programmable hardware element such as an FPGA (field-programmable gate array) that is configured to perform any of the method embodiments described herein, or any portion of any of the method embodiments described herein.
  • FIG. 2 Block Diagram of a Base Station
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of a base station 102, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the base station of FIG. 2 is merely one example of a possible base station. As shown, the base station 102 may include processor (s) 204 which may execute program instructions for the base station 102. The processor (s) 204 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 240, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 204 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 260 and read only memory (ROM) 250) or to other circuits or devices.
  • MMU memory management unit
  • the base station 102 may include at least one network port 270.
  • the network port 270 may be configured to couple to a telephone network and provide a plurality of devices, such as UE devices 106, access to the telephone network as described above in FIGs. 1a, 1 b and 2.
  • the base station 102 may include at least one antenna 234, and possibly multiple antennas.
  • the at least one antenna 234 may be configured to operate as a wireless transceiver and may be further configured to communicate with UE devices 106 via radio 230.
  • the antenna 234 communicates with the radio 230 via communication chain 232.
  • Communication chain 232 may be a receive chain, a transmit chain or both.
  • the radio 230 may be configured to communicate via various wireless communication standards, including, but not limited to, 5G NR, LTE, LTE-A, GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, Wi-Fi, etc.
  • the base station 102 may be configured to communicate wirelessly using multiple wireless communication standards.
  • the base station 102 may include multiple radios, which may enable the base station 102 to communicate according to multiple wireless communication technologies.
  • the base station 102 may include an LTE radio for performing communication according to LTE as well as a 5G NR radio for performing communication according to 5G NR.
  • the base station 102 may be capable of operating as both an LTE base station and a 5G NR base station.
  • the base station 102 may include a multi-mode radio which is capable of performing communications according to any of multiple wireless communication technologies (e.g., 5G NR and Wi-Fi, LTE and Wi-Fi, LTE and UMTS, LTE and CDMA2000, UMTS and GSM, etc. ) .
  • multiple wireless communication technologies e.g., 5G NR and Wi-Fi, LTE and Wi-Fi, LTE and UMTS, LTE and CDMA2000, UMTS and GSM, etc.
  • processor (s) 204 may be comprised of one or more processing elements. In other words, one or more processing elements may be included in processor (s) 204. Thus, processor (s) 204 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 204. In addition, each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 204.
  • circuitry e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc.
  • radio 230 may be comprised of one or more processing elements.
  • one or more processing elements may be included in radio 230.
  • radio 230 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of radio 230.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of radio 230.
  • the base station or base station 102, and/or processors 204 thereof can be capable of and configured to encode, for transmission to a base station, a UE capability report; decode configuration information, received from the base station, for training one or more artificial intelligence (AI) based models for predicting radio link failure (RLF) ; encode, for transmission to the base station, a notification message indicating to the base station, one or more conditions and availability of the one more AI based models for use by the UE; decode, from the base station, an activation instruction; activate the one more AI based models for predicting radio link failure (RLF) based on the activation instruction; predict the RLF using the one or more AI based models based on predicting a block error rate (BLER) of one or more reference signals or based on classifying a risk level of the RLF based on a plurality of inputs; and transmit a RLF prediction report to the base station based on the prediction.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • RLF radio link failure
  • FIG. 3 Block Diagram of a Server
  • the server 104 may be configured to provide a plurality of devices, such as base station 102, and UE devices 106 access to network functions, e.g., as further described herein.
  • the server 104 may include hardware and software components for implementing or supporting implementation of features described herein.
  • the processor 344 of the server 104 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the methods described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) .
  • the processor 344 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) , or a combination thereof.
  • the processor 344 of the server 104 in conjunction with one or more of the other components 354, 364, and/or 374 may be configured to implement or support implementation of part or all of the features described herein.
  • FIG. 4 Block Diagram of a User Equipment
  • this set of components may be implemented as a system on chip (SOC) , which may include portions for various purposes.
  • SOC system on chip
  • this set of components 400 may be implemented as separate components or groups of components for the various purposes.
  • the set of components 400 may be coupled (e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly) to various other circuits of the communication device 106.
  • cellular communication circuitry 430 may include dedicated receive chains (including and/or coupled to, e.g., communicatively; directly or indirectly. dedicated processors and/or radios) for multiple RATs (e.g., a first receive chain for LTE and a second receive chain for 5G NR) .
  • cellular communication circuitry 430 may include a single transmit chain that may be switched between radios dedicated to specific RATs.
  • the communication device 106 may further include one or more smart cards 445 that include SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) functionality, such as one or more UICC (s) (Universal Integrated Circuit Card (s) ) cards 445.
  • SIM Subscriber Identity Module
  • UICC Universal Integrated Circuit Card
  • SIM entity is intended to include any of various types of SIM implementations or SIM functionality, such as the one or more UICC (s) cards 445, one or more eUICCs, one or more eSIMs, either removable or embedded, etc.
  • the UE 106 may include at least two SIMs. Each SIM may execute one or more SIM applications and/or otherwise implement SIM functionality.
  • each SIM may be a single smart card that may be embedded, e.g., may be soldered onto a circuit board in the UE 106, or each SIM 410 may be implemented as a removable smart card.
  • the SIM (s) may be one or more removable smart cards (such as UICC cards, which are sometimes referred to as “SIM cards” )
  • the SIMs 410 may be one or more embedded cards (such as embedded UICCs (eUICCs) , which are sometimes referred to as “eSIMs” or “eSIM cards” ) .
  • one or more of the SIM (s) may implement embedded SIM (eSIM) functionality; in such an embodiment, a single one of the SIM (s) may execute multiple SIM applications.
  • Each of the SIMs may include components such as a processor and/or a memory; instructions for performing SIM/eSIM functionality may be stored in the memory and executed by the processor.
  • the UE 106 may include a combination of removable smart cards and fixed/non-removable smart cards (such as one or more eUICC cards that implement eSIM functionality) , as desired.
  • the UE 106 may comprise two embedded SIMs, two removable SIMs, or a combination of one embedded SIMs and one removable SIMs.
  • Various other SIM configurations are also contemplated.
  • the DSDA functionality may allow the UE 106 to be simultaneously connected to two networks (and use two different RATs) at the same time, or to simultaneously maintain two connections supported by two different SIMs using the same or different RATs on the same or different networks.
  • the DSDA functionality may also allow the UE 106 to simultaneously receive voice calls or data traffic on either phone number.
  • the voice call may be a packet switched communication.
  • the voice call may be received using voice over LTE (VoLTE) technology and/or voice over NR (VoNR) technology.
  • the UE 106 may support Dual SIM Dual Standby (DSDS) functionality.
  • the DSDS functionality may allow either of the two SIMs in the UE 106 to be on standby waiting for a voice call and/or data connection. In DSDS, when a call/data is established on one SIM, the other SIM is no longer active.
  • DSDx functionality (either DSDA or DSDS functionality) may be implemented with a single SIM (e.g., a eUICC) that executes multiple SIM applications for different carriers and/or RATs.
  • the SOC 400 may include processor (s) 402, which may execute program instructions for the communication device 106 and display circuitry 404, which may perform graphics processing and provide display signals to the display 460.
  • the processor (s) 402 may also be coupled to memory management unit (MMU) 440, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 402 and translate those addresses to locations in memory (e.g., memory 406, read only memory (ROM) 450, NAND flash memory 410) and/or to other circuits or devices, such as the display circuitry 404, short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429, cellular communication circuitry 430, connector I/F 420, and/or display 460.
  • the MMU 440 may be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or set up. In some embodiments, the MMU 440 may be included as a portion of the processor (s) 402.
  • the communication device 106 may include hardware and software components for implementing the above features for a communication device 106 to communicate a scheduling profile for power savings to a network.
  • the processor 402 of the communication device 106 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) .
  • processor 402 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) .
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the processor 402 of the communication device 106 in conjunction with one or more of the other components 400, 404, 406, 410, 420, 429, 430, 440, 445, 450, 460 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein.
  • processor 402 may include one or more processing elements.
  • processor 402 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processor 402.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processor (s) 402.
  • the short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429 may include one or more ICs that are configured to perform the functions of short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of short to medium range wireless communication circuitry 429.
  • FIG. 5 Block Diagram of Cellular Communication Circuitry
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example simplified block diagram of cellular communication circuitry, according to some embodiments. It is noted that the block diagram of the cellular communication circuitry of FIG. 5 is only one example of a possible cellular communication circuit.
  • cellular communication circuitry 530 which may be cellular communication circuitry 430, may be included in a communication device, such as communication device 106 described above.
  • communication device 106 may be a user equipment (UE) device, a mobile device or mobile station, a wireless device or wireless station, a desktop computer or computing device, a mobile computing device (e.g., a laptop, notebook, or portable computing device) , a tablet and/or a combination of devices, among other devices.
  • UE user equipment
  • Modem 510 may be configured for communications according to a first RAT, e.g., such as LTE or LTE-A, and modem 520 may be configured for communications according to a second RAT, e.g., such as 5G NR.
  • a first RAT e.g., such as LTE or LTE-A
  • modem 520 may be configured for communications according to a second RAT, e.g., such as 5G NR.
  • modem 510 may include one or more processors 512 and a memory 516 in communication with processors 512. Modem 510 may be in communication with a radio frequency (RF) front end 535.
  • RF front end 535 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving radio signals.
  • RF front end 535 may include receive circuitry (RX) 532 and transmit circuitry (TX) 534.
  • receive circuitry 532 may be in communication with downlink (DL) front end 550, which may include circuitry for receiving radio signals via antenna 335a.
  • DL downlink
  • modem 520 may include one or more processors 522 and a memory 526 in communication with processors 522. Modem 520 may be in communication with an RF front end 540.
  • RF front end 540 may include circuitry for transmitting and receiving radio signals.
  • RF front end 540 may include receive circuitry 542 and transmit circuitry 544.
  • receive circuitry 542 may be in communication with DL front end 560, which may include circuitry for receiving radio signals via antenna 335b.
  • a switch 570 may couple transmit circuitry 534 to uplink (UL) front end 572.
  • switch 570 may couple transmit circuitry 544 to UL front end 572.
  • UL front end 572 may include circuitry for transmitting radio signals via antenna 336.
  • switch 570 may be switched to a first state that allows modem 510 to transmit signals according to the first RAT (e.g., via a transmit chain that includes transmit circuitry 534 and UL front end 572) .
  • the modem 510 may include hardware and software components for implementing the above features or for time division multiplexing UL data for NSA NR operations, as well as the various other techniques described herein.
  • the processors 512 may be configured to implement part or all of the features described herein, e.g., by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) .
  • processor 512 may be configured as a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , or as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) .
  • processors 512 may include one or more processing elements.
  • processors 512 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processors 512.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processors 512.
  • processors 522 may include one or more processing elements.
  • processors 522 may include one or more integrated circuits (ICs) that are configured to perform the functions of processors 522.
  • each integrated circuit may include circuitry (e.g., first circuitry, second circuitry, etc. ) configured to perform the functions of processors 522.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates example components of a device 600 in accordance with some embodiments. It is noted that the device of FIG. 6 is merely one example of a possible system, and that features of this disclosure may be implemented in any of various UEs, as desired.
  • the device 600 may include application circuitry 602, baseband circuitry 604, Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry 606, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 608, one or more antennas 610, and power management circuitry (PMC) 612 coupled together at least as shown.
  • the components of the illustrated device 600 may be included in a UE 106 or a RAN node 102A.
  • the device 600 may include less elements (e.g., a RAN node may not utilize application circuitry 602, and instead include a processor/controller to process IP data received from an EPC) .
  • the device 600 may include additional elements such as, for example, memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, or input/output (I/O) interface.
  • the components described below may be included in more than one device (e.g., said circuitries may be separately included in more than one device for Cloud-RAN (C-RAN) implementations) .
  • C-RAN Cloud-RAN
  • the application circuitry 602 may include one or more application processors.
  • the application circuitry 602 may include circuitry such as, but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.
  • the processor may include any combination of general-purpose processors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors, application processors, etc. ) .
  • the processors may be coupled with or may include memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory/storage to enable various applications or operating systems to run on the device 600.
  • processors of application circuitry 602 may process IP data packets received from an EPC.
  • the baseband circuitry 604 may include a third generation (3G) baseband processor 604A, a fourth generation (4G) baseband processor 604B, a fifth generation (5G) baseband processor 604C, or other baseband processor (s) 604D for other existing generations, generations in development or to be developed in the future (e.g., second generation (2G) , sixth generation (6G) , etc. ) .
  • the baseband circuitry 604 e.g., one or more of baseband processors 604A-D
  • the baseband circuitry 604 may provide for communication compatible with one or more radio technologies.
  • the baseband circuitry 604 may support communication with an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (EUTRAN) or other wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) .
  • EUTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • WMAN wireless metropolitan area networks
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • multi-mode baseband circuitry Embodiments in which the baseband circuitry 604 is configured to support radio communications of more than one wireless protocol.
  • the receive signal path of the RF circuitry 606 may include mixer circuitry 606a, amplifier circuitry 606b and filter circuitry 606c.
  • the transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 606 may include filter circuitry 606c and mixer circuitry 606a.
  • RF circuitry 606 may also include synthesizer circuitry 606d for synthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the transmit signal path.
  • the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path may be configured to down- convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 608 based on the synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 606d.
  • the amplifier circuitry 606b may be configured to amplify the down-converted signals and the filter circuitry 606c may be a low-pass filter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwanted signals from the down-converted signals to generate output baseband signals.
  • Output baseband signals may be provided to the baseband circuitry 604 for further processing.
  • the output baseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although this is not a necessity.
  • mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on the synthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 606d to generate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 608.
  • the baseband signals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 604 and may be filtered by filter circuitry 606c.
  • the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadrature downconversion and upconversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may include two or more mixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley image rejection) .
  • the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a may be arranged for direct downconversion and direct upconversion, respectively.
  • the mixer circuitry 606a of the receive signal path and the mixer circuitry 606a of the transmit signal path may be configured for super-heterodyne operation.
  • the output baseband signals, and the input baseband signals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the output baseband signals, and the input baseband signals may be digital baseband signals.
  • the RF circuitry 606 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry 604 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RF circuitry 606.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • a separate radio IC circuitry may be provided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 606d may be a fractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other types of frequency synthesizers may be suitable.
  • synthesizer circuitry 606d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequency multiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with a frequency divider.
  • the synthesizer circuitry 606d may be configured to synthesize an output frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 606a of the RF circuitry 606 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 606d may be a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer.
  • frequency input may be provided by a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) , although that is not a necessity.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillator
  • Divider control input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 604 or the applications processor 602 depending on the desired output frequency.
  • a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determined from a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applications processor 602.
  • Synthesizer circuitry 606d of the RF circuitry 606 may include a divider, a delay-locked loop (DLL) , a multiplexer and a phase accumulator.
  • the divider may be a dual modulus divider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phase accumulator (DPA) .
  • the DMD may be configured to divide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out) to provide a fractional division ratio.
  • the DLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phase detector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop.
  • synthesizer circuitry 606d may be configured to generate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in other embodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrier frequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrier frequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and divider circuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency with multiple different phases with respect to each other.
  • the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO) .
  • the RF circuitry 606 may include an IQ/polar converter.
  • the FEM circuitry 608 may include a TX/RX switch to switch between transmit mode and receive mode operation.
  • the FEM circuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.
  • the receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include an LNA to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplified received RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 606) .
  • the transmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 608 may include a power amplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RF circuitry 606) , and one or more filters to generate RF signals for subsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or more antennas 610) .
  • PA power amplifier
  • the PMC 612 may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the device 600. For example, if the device 600 is in a radio resource control_Connected (RRC_Connected) state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the device 600 may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power.
  • RRC_Connected radio resource control_Connected
  • DRX Discontinuous Reception Mode
  • Processors of the application circuitry 602 and processors of the baseband circuitry 604 may be used to execute elements of one or more instances of a protocol stack.
  • processors of the baseband circuitry 604 alone or in combination, may be used execute Layer 3, Layer 2, or Layer 1 functionality, while processors of the application circuitry 604 may utilize data (e.g., packet data) received from these layers and further execute Layer 4 functionality (e.g., transmission communication protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP) layers) .
  • Layer 3 may comprise a radio resource control (RRC) layer, described in further detail below.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • FIG. 7 Block Diagram of an Interface of Baseband Circuitry
  • FIG. 7 illustrates example interfaces of baseband circuitry in accordance with some embodiments. It is noted that the baseband circuitry of FIG. 7 is merely one example of a possible circuitry, and that features of this disclosure may be implemented in any of various systems, as desired.
  • a wireless hardware connectivity interface 718 e.g., an interface to send/receive data to/from Near Field Communication (NFC) components, components (e.g., Low Energy) , components, and other communication components
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • components e.g., Low Energy
  • components e.g., Low Energy
  • components e.g., Low Energy
  • components e.g., Low Energy
  • components e.g., Low Energy
  • a power management interface 720 e.g., an interface to send/receive power or control signals to/from the PMC 612.
  • FIG. 8 Control Plane Protocol Stack
  • FIG. 8 is an illustration of a control plane protocol stack in accordance with some embodiments.
  • a control plane 800 is shown as a communications protocol stack between the UE 106a (or alternatively, the UE 106b) , the RAN node 102A (or alternatively, the RAN node 102B) , and the mobility management entity (MME) 621.
  • MME mobility management entity
  • the PHY layer 801 may transmit or receive information used by the MAC layer 802 over one or more air interfaces.
  • the PHY layer 801 may further perform link adaptation or adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) , power control, cell search (e.g., for initial synchronization and handover purposes) , and other measurements used by higher layers, such as the RRC layer 805.
  • AMC link adaptation or adaptive modulation and coding
  • the PHY layer 801 may still further perform error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna processing.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • the MAC layer 802 may perform mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC service data units (SDUs) from one or more logical channels onto transport blocks (TB) to be delivered to PHY via transport channels, de-multiplexing MAC SDUs to one or more logical channels from transport blocks (TB) delivered from the PHY via transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) , and logical channel prioritization.
  • SDUs MAC service data units
  • TB transport blocks
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • the S1 Application Protocol (S1-AP) layer 815 may support the functions of the S1 interface and comprise Elementary Procedures (EPs) .
  • An EP is a unit of interaction between the RAN node 102A and the CN 100.
  • the S1-AP layer services may comprise two groups: UE-associated services and non UE-associated services. These services perform functions including, but not limited to: E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer (E-RAB) management, UE capability indication, mobility, NAS signaling transport, RAN Information Management (RIM) , and configuration transfer.
  • E-RAB E-UTRAN Radio Access Bearer
  • RIM RAN Information Management
  • the signaling may also include the UE communicating the data collection 906 to an offline server 910, such as an over the top (OTT) server, for offline training 908 the one or more AI based models 913 using data collected at the UE.
  • an offline server 910 such as an over the top (OTT) server
  • the signaling may also include the UE 106 sending 912 a notification message indicating to the base station 102 one or more conditions and availability of the one more AI based models 913 for use by the UE 106.
  • the signaling may include the base station sending 914 an activation instruction (e.g., sending the activation instruction via downlink control information (DCI) , medium access control channel element (MAC-CE) or radio resource control (RRC) signaling) to the UE to activate the one more AI based models 913 at the UE 106 for predicting radio link failure (RLF) based on the activation instruction.
  • an activation instruction e.g., sending the activation instruction via downlink control information (DCI) , medium access control channel element (MAC-CE) or radio resource control (RRC) signaling
  • DCI downlink control information
  • MAC-CE medium access control channel element
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the signaling may include the UE determining 916 a predicted RLF confidence level using the one more AI based models 913 for predicting an RLF.
  • the signaling may also include the UE comparing 918 the predicted RLF confidence level to a confidence threshold.
  • the signaling may also include the UE sending 920, to the base station 102, an RLF prediction report indicating the predicted RLF confidence level is greater than the confidence threshold (e.g., a pre-RLF indication report) .
  • the RLF prediction report may include an RLF prediction using the one or more AI based models 913 based on the predicted RLF confidence level.
  • the signaling may include the UE monitoring 922 performance of the one or more AI based models 913. Also, the signaling may include the base station monitoring 924 performance of the one or more AI based models 913.
  • the UE 106 may send to the base station 102 indicating supported features for the RLF prediction, including types of predictions modes, maximum history lengths, etc.
  • the base station 102 sends configuration information for training AI based models 913 at the UE tailored to the reported capabilities.
  • the UE 106 collects data, trains the AI based models 913, either at the UE or remotely, and sends a notification message to inform the base station 102 about available trained AI based models 913 at the UE 106 and their applicability conditions. Based on this notification, the base station determines and signals appropriate AI model 913 activation and configuration settings to the UE.
  • the UE 106 can perform RLF inference via the trained AI based models 913, generating RLF predictions that indicate potential upcoming RLF events.
  • the UE 106 can report these early predictions to the base station 102.
  • the UE 106 and/or base station 102 can monitor the activated AI model’s 913 performance over time based on metrics such as, for example, error rate or system efficiency, and initiating AI model 913 switching or deactivation as needed based on the evaluation results.
  • metrics such as, for example, error rate or system efficiency
  • initiating AI model 913 switching or deactivation as needed based on the evaluation results.
  • radio link conditions can be reliably predicted ahead of time and mitigating actions can be proactively applied to avoid communication failures.
  • significant overhead at the base station 102 and network 100 can be avoided by reducing the actual handover failures that can occur without the use of the process illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the UE-MeasurementsAvailable information element which is included in RRC messages such as, for example, RRCReestablishmentComplete, RRCReconfigurationComplete, RRCResumeComplete, and RRCSetupComplete, can be extended with a new predictedRLF-InfoAvailable boolean IE.
  • the UE 106 can predict whether the LTM execution recovery performed after a radio link failure (RLF) will succeed or fail.
  • RLF radio link failure
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example flow chart of a method 1100 of user equipment (UE) side performance monitoring for providing artificial intelligence (AI) based radio link failure (RLF) prediction, at a UE, according to some embodiments.
  • UE user equipment
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • RLF radio link failure
  • the method shown in FIG. 11 may be used in conjunction with any of the systems, methods, or devices illustrated in the Figures, among other devices. In various embodiments, some of the method elements shown may be performed concurrently, in a different order than shown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may also be performed as desired.
  • a method 1100 for providing artificial intelligence (AI) based RLF prediction, comprises encoding, for transmission to a base station, a UE capability report, as in block 1110.
  • the method 1200 further comprises determining a predicted RLF confidence level using the one more AI based models for predicting an RLF, as in block 1112.
  • the method 1200 further comprises comparing the predicted RLF confidence level to a confidence threshold, as in block 1114.
  • the method 1200 further comprises encoding, for transmission to the base station, an RLF prediction report indicating the predicted RLF confidence level is greater than the confidence threshold, as in block 1116.
  • FIG. 12 Flow Chart for a Method of providing artificial intelligence (AI) based radio link failure (RLF) prediction at a UE.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • RLF radio link failure
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example flow chart of a method 1200 of user equipment (UE) side performance monitoring for providing artificial intelligence (AI) based radio link failure (RLF) prediction, at a UE, according to some embodiments.
  • UE user equipment
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • RLF radio link failure
  • the method shown in FIG. 12 may be used in conjunction with any of the systems, methods, or devices illustrated in the Figures, among other devices. In various embodiments, some of the method elements shown may be performed concurrently, in a different order than shown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may also be performed as desired.
  • a method 1200 for providing artificial intelligence (AI) based RLF prediction comprises encoding, for transmission to a base station, a UE capability report, as shown in block 1202.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • the method 1200 further comprises decoding, from the base station, an activation instruction received from the base station, as shown in block 1208.
  • the method 1200 further comprises activating the one more AI based models for predicting radio link failure (RLF) based on the activation instruction, as shown in block 1210.
  • RLF radio link failure
  • the method 1200 further comprises determining a predicted RLF confidence level using the one more AI based models for predicting an RLF, as in block 1212.
  • the method 1200 further comprises comparing the predicted RLF confidence level to a confidence threshold, as in block 1214.
  • the method 1200 further comprises encoding, for transmission to the base station, an RLF prediction report indicating the predicted RLF confidence level is greater than the confidence threshold, as in block 1216.
  • the UE capability report indicates support for determining a predicted RLF confidence level using the one more AI based models for predicting an RLF; comparing the predicted RLF confidence level to a confidence threshold, providing RLF prediction reports indicating the predicted RLF confidence level is greater than the confidence threshold.
  • the configuration information may include an indication of each type of the one more AI based models, a time of RLF prediction, and a number of parallel predictions.
  • the notification message indicates those of the one or more AI based models that are available for use at the UE and corresponding model applicability conditions.
  • the method 1200 further comprises decoding, from the base station, the activation instruction via downlink control information, medium access control-control element, or radio resource control signaling.
  • the method 1200 further comprises monitoring performance of the one or more AI based models activated at the UE for predicting the RLF.
  • the method 1200 further comprises the RLF prediction report further includes an estimated time to a RLF.
  • the confidence threshold is configured by the base station via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
  • encoding the RLF prediction report further comprises extending a legacy RLF report with a predicted RLF information element (IE) including the predicted RLF confidence level.
  • IE predicted RLF information element
  • the method 1200 further comprises encoding, for transmission to the base station, a UE-MeasurementsAvailable information element (IE) in one of an RRCReestablishmentComplete, a RRCReconfigurationComplete, a RRCResumeComplete, or RRCSetupComplete message, wherein the UE-MeasurementsAvailable IE includes a predictedRLF- InfoAvailable boolean IE to indicate availability of the RLF prediction report.
  • IE UE-MeasurementsAvailable information element
  • the method 1200 further comprises encoding, for transmission to the base station in response to receiving the UEInformationRequest message, a UEInformationResponse message, wherein the UEInformationResponse message includes the RLF prediction report in a predicted-RLFReport information element (IE) .
  • IE predicted-RLFReport information element
  • the predicted-RLFReport IE includes at least one of: the predicted RLF confidence level based on the confidence level determined by the UE and not configured by the base station; an estimated time to the predicted RLF, and serving cell measurements and neighbor cell measurements.
  • the notification message further includes a predicted RLF availability indication in a UEAssistanceInformation message.
  • the UEAssistanceInformation message further includes the predicted RLF confidence level and an estimated time to an RLF.
  • the notification message further includes a new radio resource control (RRC) message dedicated for indicating the availability of the RLF prediction report.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the method 1200 further comprises encoding, for transmission to the base station, a second notification message to revoke the predicted RLF availability indication based the predicted RLF confidence level decreases below the confidence threshold and the base station has not fetched the RLF prediction report after receiving the notification message.
  • the method 1200 further comprises encoding, for transmission to the base station, a predicted RLF with the measurement report only when on the measurement report would have been triggered regardless of the predicted RLF.
  • the method 1200 further comprises utilizing the one more AI based models trained on previous handover (HO) failures to assist the base station in a HO decision.
  • HO previous handover
  • the method 1200 further comprises sending the predicted HO failure with the measurement report to each neighbor cell in a measResultNeighCells information element (IE) in the measurement report.
  • IE measResultNeighCells information element
  • the predicted HO failure is reported in a list of confidence levels for each cell in the measResultNeighCells IE.
  • the method 1200 further comprises triggering the measurement report based on the predicted HO failure, wherein the predicted HO failure is a new HO failure specific measurement event and is based on the predicted RLF confidence level and a time until a predicted RLF.
  • the method 1200 further comprises providing a predicted RLF, wherein the predicted RLF includes an indication about predicted subsequent LTM recovery failure.
  • the method 1200 further comprises periodically reporting the RLF prediction to a primary cell via radio resource control signaling.
  • the method 1200 further comprises encoding, the RLF prediction report, for transmission to a secondary cell via a medium access control control element (MAC-CE) or radio resource control (RRC) signaling when a first event is triggered, wherein the first event comprises a reference signal measurement exceeding a predetermined threshold.
  • MAC-CE medium access control control element
  • RRC radio resource control
  • an apparatus is disclosed that is configured to cause a user equipment (UE) to perform any of the operations of the method 1200.
  • UE user equipment
  • a computer program product comprising computer instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, perform any of the operations described with respect to the method 1200.
  • a computer program product comprising computer instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, perform any of the operations described with respect to the method 1200.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium may be configured so that it stores program instructions and/or data, where the program instructions, if executed by a computer system, cause the computer system to perform a method, e.g., any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of the method embodiments described herein, or, any subset of any of the method embodiments described herein, or, any combination of such subsets.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de réalisation d'une surveillance de performance de modèle de compression basé sur l'IA par un UE. Le procédé consiste à coder, pour une transmission à une station de base, un rapport de capacité d'UE ; à déterminer un niveau de confiance de défaillance de liaison radio (RLF) prédit à l'aide d'un ou de plusieurs modèles basés sur l'intelligence artificielle (IA) pour prédire une RLF ; à comparer le niveau de confiance de RLF prédit à un seuil de confiance ; et à coder, pour une transmission à la station de base, un rapport de prédiction de RLF indiquant que le niveau de confiance de RLF prédit est supérieur au seuil de confiance.
PCT/CN2024/084742 2024-03-29 2024-03-29 Prédiction de défaillance de transfert (ho)/défaillance de liaison radio (rlf) basée sur l'intelligence artificielle Pending WO2025199933A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2024/084742 WO2025199933A1 (fr) 2024-03-29 2024-03-29 Prédiction de défaillance de transfert (ho)/défaillance de liaison radio (rlf) basée sur l'intelligence artificielle

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023014258A1 (fr) * 2021-08-03 2023-02-09 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Prédiction et gestion proactive de défaillances de liaison radio (rlf)
WO2023038955A1 (fr) * 2021-09-07 2023-03-16 Google Inc. Rapport de métriques de prédiction d'équipement utilisateur
WO2023148699A1 (fr) * 2022-02-04 2023-08-10 Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Détection de défaillance et reprise sur défaillance de faisceau validées par ia
US20230300654A1 (en) * 2020-07-03 2023-09-21 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Methods, UE and Network Node for Failure Predictions

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20230300654A1 (en) * 2020-07-03 2023-09-21 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Methods, UE and Network Node for Failure Predictions
WO2023014258A1 (fr) * 2021-08-03 2023-02-09 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Prédiction et gestion proactive de défaillances de liaison radio (rlf)
WO2023038955A1 (fr) * 2021-09-07 2023-03-16 Google Inc. Rapport de métriques de prédiction d'équipement utilisateur
WO2023148699A1 (fr) * 2022-02-04 2023-08-10 Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Détection de défaillance et reprise sur défaillance de faisceau validées par ia

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