WO2025215687A1 - Procédé et installation de décortication - Google Patents

Procédé et installation de décortication

Info

Publication number
WO2025215687A1
WO2025215687A1 PCT/IT2025/050086 IT2025050086W WO2025215687A1 WO 2025215687 A1 WO2025215687 A1 WO 2025215687A1 IT 2025050086 W IT2025050086 W IT 2025050086W WO 2025215687 A1 WO2025215687 A1 WO 2025215687A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
husks
seeds
decortication
grading
purity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/IT2025/050086
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Virna Lucia Cerne
Ombretta POLENGHI
Luca Stefano CIALI
Silvano CIANI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Schaer SpA
Original Assignee
Dr Schaer SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dr Schaer SpA filed Critical Dr Schaer SpA
Publication of WO2025215687A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025215687A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B5/00—Grain treatment not otherwise provided for
    • B02B5/02—Combined processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method and a corresponding plant for decortication of psyllium seeds, that is, plants of the Plantago genus, for the production of high purity teguments, or husks, with high production yields.
  • psyllium husks the seeds of plants of the Plantago genus, for example Plantago ovata seeds, once cleaned of any contaminants, are introduced into continuous open-cycle decortication plants, without recirculation or reprocessing.
  • a decortication plant comprises a battery of decortication devices used for the process.
  • Each decortication device comprises impacting elements, for example rollers or rotating plates.
  • the battery of decortication devices provides a progressive narrowing of the distance between the impacting elements, with the aim of first removing the husk of the larger sized seeds, and subsequently and progressively that of the smaller sized seeds, thus simultaneously achieving the decortication of the seed and a selection of the seed based on size.
  • the mix produced (husks, seeds and flour) is then separated with physical systems, as disclosed for example by CA 1322928 C and GB 2224628 A.
  • the physically selected husks can be further purified using liquid fluorinated hydrocarbons, at different densities, which in particular intervals are capable of separating the husks from the impurities arising from the seed’s hull, as disclosed for example by AU 199216790 A.
  • the husks produced are normally graded according to their purity, which is higher the lower the content of the product not represented by husks.
  • the latter is mainly represented by the residual content of caryopsis in the product.
  • This purity is associated with the technological performance of the husks; therefore it is the parameter generally used to measure the quality of the husk itself.
  • purity is divided into four different grades: 99%, 98%, 95% and 85%.
  • Current decortication methods allow to achieve a production of psyllium husks that has a percentage distribution of the different purities, the decorticated husks being equal, which is unbalanced in favor of lower purity products and therefore of less interest.
  • current decortication methods are characterized by a substantial production inconsistency, which significantly affects the technological performance of the husk, such as its water absorption.
  • US 4 813 613 A discloses a method for obtaining high purity mucilage from Plantago psyllium seeds and, more specifically, it concerns a process for obtaining the pulverized skin of the Plantago psyllium seeds, with a high mucilage content and with a purity of up to 98%.
  • US 5 699 724 A discloses a method for cleaning by separating or selecting bulk material in the form of foodstuffs, such as cereals, rice, soybeans, sunflower seeds, coffee and suchlike, with the cleaning and selection provided as part of the preparation of these foodstuffs for further processing.
  • foodstuffs such as cereals, rice, soybeans, sunflower seeds, coffee and suchlike
  • US 2022/000140 Al discloses methods and systems for producing improved products based on hemp seeds, such as proteins and oils.
  • one purpose of the present invention is to develop a method, and a corresponding plant, for decortication of psyllium seeds that is high performing, that is, capable of obtaining a percentage of product with a high purity grade (> 95%) equal to or greater than approximately 18.5% of the total weight of the processed seed.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to develop a method, and a corresponding plant, for decortication of psyllium seeds that allows to standardize production, and consequently the qualitative parameters of the finished product, and to increase the percentage of higher purity husks.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to develop a method, and a corresponding plant, for decortication of psyllium seeds capable of dividing the product into batches with different purity grades.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • a method for decortication of psyllium seeds comprises at least one step of feeding the seeds, a step of decortication of the seeds, a step of separating husks from decorticated seeds and a step of packaging the husks.
  • the method comprises a step of grading the husks into predefined purity grades, and the subsequent packaging step provides to package the husks into different packages on the basis of this grading.
  • the division of the husks into purity grades before packaging them prevents, or at least limits, mixing husks of different purity grades, advantageously allowing to obtain a greater quantity of product at the higher purity grade.
  • purity is quantified as the percentage content, by weight, of husks in the product separated from the decorticated seeds.
  • a purity of 85% corresponds to a product containing approximately 85% by weight of husks and approximately 15% by weight of impurities, mainly represented by the residual content of caryopsis in the product.
  • the term “husks” can indicate a product at least separated from the decorticated seeds and possibly subjected to subsequent processing, consisting predominantly, that is, more than 50% by weight, of husks.
  • the grading of the husks into purity grades can be carried out on a colorimetric basis.
  • the method provides, before the decortication step, a step of calibrating the seeds to be decorticated, which provides to divide them according to their sizes.
  • the decortication step is then carried out separately for each seed caliber, so that a decortication device used for this purpose can be adjusted and dedicated to the single selected caliber on each occasion, so as to reduce the abrasion of the hull, and therefore the presence of impurities deriving therefrom in the husks produced, to values close to zero, further increasing the portion of higher purity husks produced.
  • the method can also comprise, following the separation step, a recirculation or discharge step, which provides to selectively recirculate or discharge the decorticated seeds.
  • the aforementioned grading can provide a lower purity grade, comprising husks with a purity lower than or equal to 85%, an intermediate purity grade, comprising husks with a purity greater than 85% and lower than or equal to 95%, and a higher purity grade, comprising husks with a purity greater than 95%.
  • the grading can also provide to use a digital colorimeter to obtain a set of husk colorimetric coordinates according to the CIELab international standard.
  • CIELab is the latest international standard in chronological order introduced by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE - Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage, http://cie.co.at/) in 1976 for the representation of color.
  • the Lab or CIELab or CIE 1976 color space (L*, a*, b*) is a color-opponent space with the dimension L* for brightness, and a* and b* for the color-opponent dimensions, based on the coordinates of the compressed nonlinear color space CIE XYZ (itself one of the first color spaces defined mathematically by the CIE in 1931).
  • the Hunter 1948 coordinates are therefore L*, a* and b*.
  • the brightness L* is calculated using the cube root of the relative luminance.
  • the husks can be graded into the lower purity grade if they have a first coordinate L* lower than or equal to 64.49, a second coordinate a* greater than or equal to 4.5, and a third coordinate b* greater than or equal to 13.51; into the intermediate purity grade if they have the first coordinate L* comprised between 64.5 and 69.49, the second coordinate a* comprised between 3.51 and 4.49, and the third coordinate b* comprised between 13.51 and 15; and into the higher purity grade if they have the first coordinate L* greater than or equal to 69.5, the second coordinate a* comprised between 1.7 and 3.5, and the third coordinate b* comprised between 13 and 13.5.
  • Some embodiments described here also concern a plant for decortication of psyllium seeds configured to implement the method described above.
  • the plant comprises pneumatic means and/or means based on gravitational fall for transporting and recirculating the products being processed, in place of the more widespread mechanical transport means responsible for the damage to the caryopsis and consequently the fall in quality of the husk produced.
  • - fig. 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a method for decortication of psyllium seeds according to the present invention
  • - fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a plant for decortication of psyllium seeds according to the present invention.
  • Some embodiments described here concern a method 10 for decortication of psyllium seeds, understood as a plant of the Plantago genus, preferably Plantago ovata.
  • the method 10 can comprise at least a step of feeding 20 the seeds, a step of decortication 40 of the seeds, a step of separating 50 the husk from the decorticated seeds, a step of grading 70 the husks, and a step of packaging 80 the husks.
  • the feeding step 20 provides to make available a plurality of psyllium seeds to be treated, for example by feeding them to a decortication plant 110 (fig. 2).
  • the seeds are decorticated, that is, the husk is removed from the seed’s underlying part, or hull.
  • the decortication preferably occurs with physical systems, for example by means of a known decortication device 142, such as a decortication device 142 typically used in the milling industry, preferably a stone device.
  • the husks are separated from the decorticated seeds, so that they can be directed toward a dedicated processing.
  • This separation can occur, for example, by means of a known physical air system, such as a sifter or fan screen 151.
  • the subsequent grading step 70 provides to grade the husks into predefined purity grades.
  • the grading can provide three purity grades.
  • the grading provides a lower purity grade, comprising husks with a purity lower than or equal to 85%; an intermediate purity grade, comprising husks with a purity greater than 85% and lower than or equal to 95%; and a higher purity grade, comprising husks with a purity greater than 95%.
  • the grading adopted can also provide different amplitudes of the purity ranges compared to the above and/or a number of purity grades different from three.
  • the Applicant has developed a colorimetric selection strategy based on rigorous and defined qualitative parameters.
  • the direct correlation between color and purity allows to determine the purity of the husks during the production process, and therefore to divide the husks according to their purity before packaging them, thus obtaining a greater quantity of product at the higher purity grade.
  • the grading step 70 can provide to use a digital colorimeter 172 to obtain a colorimetric reading of the husks obtained from the decortication of the psyllium seeds, obtaining for example a set of colorimetric coordinates L*, a *, b* according to the CIELab international standard, or any other colorimetric reading whatsoever that allows to quantify the color of the husks (for example using absorbance spectrophotometric reading).
  • the grading step 70 therefore provides to assign a purity grade to the husks on the basis of the colorimetric reading obtained.
  • the lower purity grade ( ⁇ 85%) can correspond to a set of colorimetric coordinates with a first coordinate L* lower than or equal to 64.49, a second coordinate a* greater than or equal to 4.5, and a third coordinate b* greater than or equal to 13.51;
  • the intermediate purity grade (> 85% and ⁇ 95%) can correspond to a set of colorimetric coordinates with the first coordinate L* comprised between 64.5 and 69.49, the second coordinate a* comprised between 3.51 and 4.49, and the third coordinate b* comprised between 13.51 and 15;
  • the higher purity grade (> 95%) can correspond to a set of colorimetric coordinates with the first coordinate L* greater than or equal to 69.5, the second coordinate a* comprised between 1.7 and 3.5, and the third coordinate b* comprised between 13 and 13.5.
  • the subsequent packaging step 80 provides to package the husks, preferably into different packages based on the grading into purity grades obtained in the grading step 70.
  • the grading step 70 can provide a grading into three purity grades and the packaging step 80 can provide to package the husks into three different packages, each corresponding to one of the three purity grades.
  • the method 10 can provide, before the decortication step 40, a step of calibrating 30 the seeds to be decorticated.
  • the calibration step 30 can provide to divide the seeds according to their sizes, by means of a calibration device 131, for example a device typically used in the milling industry such as a sieve calibrator, for example with four sieves.
  • a calibration device 131 for example a device typically used in the milling industry such as a sieve calibrator, for example with four sieves.
  • Providing a separate calibration step 30 that precedes the decortication step 40 advantageously allows to carry out the decortication step 40 separately for each caliber of seed.
  • the decortication device 142 can be adjusted and dedicated to the single selected caliber on each occasion, so as to reduce the abrasion of the hull, and therefore the consequent presence of impurities deriving from it in the husks produced, to values close to zero, thus further increasing the fractions of higher purity husks produced.
  • the method 10 can provide a step of recirculation or discharge 60 of the decorticated seeds, following the separation step 50.
  • the recirculation or discharge step 60 can be carried out at the same time as the grading step 70 and/or the packaging step 80, or it can precede or follow the steps 70 and 80.
  • the recirculation or discharge step 60 can provide to transport the decorticated seeds obtained in the separation step 50 toward the inlet of the decortication device 142 or preferably, if provided, toward the inlet of the calibration device 131, so as to subject the decorticated seeds to a new decortication step 40, possibly preceded by a new calibration step 30.
  • This realizes a step of recirculating 61 the decorticated seeds in the plant 1 10, with the aim of obtaining from the seed the totality of the husk present on the seed, and thus increasing the productivity of the plant 110.
  • the recirculation or discharge step 60 can provide to transport the decorticated seeds obtained in the separation step 50 toward suitable second discharge means 163, so as to allow the decorticated seeds to exit from the plant 110 in a discharge step 62, for example packaging them in a known manner in order to transport and/or store them.
  • the recirculation or discharge step 60 can provide an automatic or manual decision-making process to decide whether to recirculate or discharge the decorticated seeds.
  • the discharge step 62 can be provided after a predetermined number of recirculations, or on the basis of a predetermined reading of suitable sensors, or the choice between recirculation step 61 and discharge step 62 can be made by an operator.
  • the method 10 realizes a discontinuous, automatic dormant (that is, requiring an operator only to start and close a production cycle) and closed cycle production process.
  • the Applicant has found that the method 10 described above allows to obtain a percentage of product with a high purity grade (> 95%) equal to or greater than approximately 18.5% of the total weight of processed seeds, specifically equal to or greater than approximately 18.75% of the total weight of processed seeds, or equivalently equal to or greater than approximately 80% of the weight of the husks of the processed seeds (remembering that the husk represents approximately 23.5% of the weight of the respective seed).
  • Some embodiments described here also concern a decortication plant 110 that can carry out the method 10 described heretofore, configured to optimize the performance of the production process thanks also to recirculation and reprocessing systems.
  • the plant 110 can comprise pneumatic means and/or means based on gravitational fall for transporting and recirculating the products being processed, such as thrust fans, Venturi injectors and Venturi cyclones. This reduces the presence of mechanical elements, the consequent maintenance, the spaces required for installation as well as the energy demand of the plant 110.
  • the mechanical transport means which are more common in the state of the art, are generally responsible for the damage to the caryopsis and consequently the fall in quality of the husk produced.
  • Alternative embodiments can comprise mechanical transport means for transporting the products being processed.
  • the plant 110 comprises a feeding unit 120, configured to carry out the feeding step 20.
  • the feeding unit 120 can comprise a first thrust fan 121 to feed psyllium seeds to be decorticated, coming from a loading hopper 122, to the plant 110.
  • the plant 110 can comprise a plurality of conduits 111 to transport the products being processed into the various components of the plant 110.
  • the plant 110 can comprise a calibration unit 130, configured to carry out the calibration step 30.
  • the calibration unit 130 can comprise the calibration device 131 , connected to the feeding unit 120 by means of one of the conduits 111.
  • the calibration unit 130 comprises at least one first silo 132, preferably a plurality of first silos 132, configured to contain the seeds at exit from the calibration device 131.
  • the plant 110 comprises at least as many first silos 132 as there are caliber categories into which the seeds are divided in the calibration step 30.
  • the calibration unit 130 also comprises first discharge means 134, configured to allow any waste, separated from the seeds being processed by means of the calibration device 131, to exit from the plant 110.
  • Each first silo 132 can be provided with a rotary valve 133, or similar selective closing and opening mean, thus allowing to select which category of caliber of seeds to feed to the subsequent components of the plant 110.
  • the calibration unit 130 can comprise a second thrust fan 136, configured to make the calibrated seeds advance in the duct 111 downstream of the first silos 132.
  • the calibration unit 130 can comprise first packaging means 135, configured to suitably package the calibrated seeds, in the event that they constitute the finished product.
  • the plant 110 can comprise a decortication unit 140, configured to carry out the decortication step 40.
  • the possible calibration unit 130 is provided upstream of decortication unit 140.
  • the decortication unit 140 comprises a first vibration feeder 141, configured to feed the seeds fed by the feeding unit 120 and possibly at exit from the calibration unit 130 to the decortication device 142.
  • the plant 110 can comprise a separation unit 150, configured to carry out the separation step 50.
  • the sifter 151 of the separation unit 150 can be provided immediately downstream of the decortication device 142.
  • the plant 110 can comprise, downstream of the separation unit 150, a recirculation and discharge unit 160, configured to carry out the recirculation or discharge step 60.
  • the recirculation and discharge unit 160 can comprise at least one second silo 161, configured to act as a buffer for the decorticated seeds obtained in the separation step 50.
  • the recirculation and discharge unit 160 can also comprise a third thrust fan 162, configured to thrust the decorticated seeds back toward the inlet of the decortication unit 140 or, if present, toward the inlet of the calibration unit 130, or toward the second discharge means 163.
  • the plant 110 can comprise a grading unit 170, configured to carry out the grading step 70.
  • the grading unit 170 can also comprise the digital colorimeter 172 and a second vibration feeder 171 configured to feed the husks obtained in the separation step 50 to a measuring shoot 173.
  • the measuring shoot 173 is configured to accommodate the husks during the grading step 70 and to allow the husks to advance toward subsequent components of the plant 110.
  • the plant 110 can comprise a packaging unit 180, configured to carry out the packaging step 80.
  • the packaging unit 180 comprises a loading shoot 181 and second packaging means 182.
  • the second packaging means 182 are configured to package the husks into at least as many packages as the disclosed purity grades into which the husks are divided in the grading step 70.
  • the loading shoot 181 is configured to direct the graded husks at exit from the measuring shoot 173 toward the second packaging means 182 corresponding to the purity grade of the same husks.
  • the plant 110 is modular, in the sense that, in order to increase its hourly productivity, it is sufficient to add one or more decortication devices 142 to the plant 110.
  • the autonomous working times of the plant 110 can be increased or decreased as desired, simply by appropriately sizing the volumes of the first and second silos 132, 161 and adjusting the flow rate of the second and third thrust fan 136, 162 accordingly.

Landscapes

  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé (10) et une installation correspondante de décortication de graines de psyllium. Le procédé (10) comprend au moins une étape consistant à fournir (20) des graines, une étape consistant à décortiquer (40) les graines, une étape consistant à séparer (50) les enveloppes des graines décortiquées et une étape consistant à emballer (80) les enveloppes.
PCT/IT2025/050086 2024-04-11 2025-04-09 Procédé et installation de décortication Pending WO2025215687A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102024000008212 2024-04-11
IT202400008212 2024-04-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025215687A1 true WO2025215687A1 (fr) 2025-10-16

Family

ID=91967102

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT2025/050086 Pending WO2025215687A1 (fr) 2024-04-11 2025-04-09 Procédé et installation de décortication

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2025215687A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4813613A (en) 1987-01-01 1989-03-21 Felipe Salete Process for the obtention of high purity mucilage
GB2224628A (en) 1988-10-03 1990-05-16 Procter & Gamble Processes for selectively comminuting and purifying psyllium seed husk
AU1679092A (en) 1991-03-28 1992-11-02 Procter & Gamble Company, The Processes for purifying psyllium husk
CA1322928C (fr) 1989-06-30 1993-10-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede pour le decorticage des graines de psyllium
US5699724A (en) 1992-12-02 1997-12-23 Buhler Ag Cleaning and sorting bulk material
US20220000140A1 (en) 2020-07-06 2022-01-06 Victory Foods, Pbc Hemp seed products and methods and systems for producing same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4813613A (en) 1987-01-01 1989-03-21 Felipe Salete Process for the obtention of high purity mucilage
GB2224628A (en) 1988-10-03 1990-05-16 Procter & Gamble Processes for selectively comminuting and purifying psyllium seed husk
CA1322928C (fr) 1989-06-30 1993-10-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede pour le decorticage des graines de psyllium
AU1679092A (en) 1991-03-28 1992-11-02 Procter & Gamble Company, The Processes for purifying psyllium husk
US5699724A (en) 1992-12-02 1997-12-23 Buhler Ag Cleaning and sorting bulk material
US20220000140A1 (en) 2020-07-06 2022-01-06 Victory Foods, Pbc Hemp seed products and methods and systems for producing same

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