WO2025219178A1 - Véhicule avec dispositif extérieur, vitre de véhicule et source de rayonnement ir - Google Patents

Véhicule avec dispositif extérieur, vitre de véhicule et source de rayonnement ir

Info

Publication number
WO2025219178A1
WO2025219178A1 PCT/EP2025/059735 EP2025059735W WO2025219178A1 WO 2025219178 A1 WO2025219178 A1 WO 2025219178A1 EP 2025059735 W EP2025059735 W EP 2025059735W WO 2025219178 A1 WO2025219178 A1 WO 2025219178A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
radiation source
window
radiation
vehicle window
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2025/059735
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hadi RASTEGAR
Yahya MOTEMANI SHARABIANI
Siyamak MEMAR JAVID
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Sekurit France SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Sekurit France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Sekurit France SAS filed Critical Saint Gobain Sekurit France SAS
Publication of WO2025219178A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025219178A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/023—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means
    • B60S1/026—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means using electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/56—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices specially adapted for cleaning other parts or devices than front windows or windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating

Definitions

  • Vehicle with external device, vehicle window and IR radiation source Vehicle with external device, vehicle window and IR radiation source
  • the invention relates to a vehicle with an exterior device, a vehicle window and an IR radiation source, as well as a method for removing moisture from the vehicle window of the vehicle.
  • HVAC Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
  • Heated vehicle windows are well known. They are used primarily as heated windshields in motor vehicles and offer the possibility of conveniently removing ice or condensed moisture from the windshield by heating it. They feature transparent, electrically conductive coatings, particularly silver coatings. The coatings are electrically connected so that a current can be passed through them. This heats up the coating, which is responsible for the heating effect. For example, see WO2013/104438A1.
  • WO 2013/104439 A1 and EP 2803246 B1 disclose an electrically conductive coating for heating a window. It consists of different layers that can be used to slightly reduce the sheet resistance. Furthermore, the heat and thus energy loss due to convection across the usually large window surfaces is very high.
  • a further challenge for electrically conductive coatings, which are often multi-layered, for heating laminated panes is compliance with required standards, for example with regard to light transmission and color neutrality.
  • JP2013001611A discloses a laminated pane with an intermediate layer that absorbs IR radiation. Irradiating the laminated pane with IR radiation heats it up, thereby reducing fogging or icing.
  • FR960125A and US20110067726A1 show composite panes designed as windshields with IR radiation sources. If water droplets or frost are on the windshield, they can be irradiated by the IR radiation source located in the vehicle interior, causing any watery films on the windshield to evaporate.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is that the panes absorb some of the IR radiation, reducing efficiency. Further disadvantages are that the radiation sources must be mounted in a specific geometric relationship to the pane, which in turn significantly limits the design and construction freedom in the vehicle interior. Finally, there is a risk that vehicle occupants could enter the radiation path of the radiation source, which can lead to irritation and, in the worst case, burns.
  • DE202023103844U1 discloses a heatable composite pane comprising an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, and at least one heating device.
  • the heating device is a transparent heating layer made of photothermal material having an absorption of greater than 70%, preferably greater than 85%, in the IR wavelength range > 0.8 pm, preferably > 0.9 pm, particularly preferably > 1.0 pm.
  • the wavelength range of the radiation source is expediently matched to the photothermal material used for the heating device, i.e., the wavelength range of the photothermal material for the maximum possible IR absorption.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing such a vehicle and a method for removing moisture in such a vehicle.
  • the vehicle comprises at least one vehicle window (also called the first vehicle window) with an outer surface exposed to the external environment, and at least one external device mounted outside the vehicle interior.
  • vehicle window also called the first vehicle window
  • external device mounted outside the vehicle interior.
  • “Exposed to the external environment” in the sense of the invention means that the surface is directly adjacent to the external environment, so that the moisture contained in the air can condense on the surface of the vehicle.
  • the outer surface of the vehicle window can have a functional coating or be coating-free. In other words, the outer surface can be formed by the uncoated surface of the vehicle window or a coating applied to the surface of the vehicle window.
  • External device outside the vehicle interior in the sense of the invention means a device located on the outside of the vehicle, for example, on the body or outer skin of the vehicle, and thus also exposed to the external environment, whereby the external device can certainly form an interior space separated from the external environment.
  • the external device is preferably a side mirror or a side camera of a vehicle. It is also possible for the external device to have both a side mirror and a side camera.
  • At least one radiation source is attached to the external device.
  • the radiation source is designed such that it can emit IR radiation in the IR wavelength range from 1.3 pm to 3.5 pm.
  • the radiation source is arranged relative to the vehicle window such that, during operation, it irradiates at least the outer surface of the vehicle window entirely or in regions, i.e., in one region.
  • the radiation source is arranged such that it irradiates at least 30%, particularly preferably 50%, and most particularly preferably at least 70% of the outer surface.
  • the radiation source is arranged such that it irradiates at least the region of the outer surface through which at least one vehicle occupant, in particular the driver, must look in order to be able to see the external device. This is particularly advantageous when the external device is a side mirror.
  • the invention is based on the fact that the water molecules of the water deposited on the exposed surface are caused to vibrate by IR radiation, which consequently heats the water.
  • the heating of the water condensed or frozen on the exposed surface occurs largely selectively, since the panes themselves typically absorb IR radiation much less strongly, and therefore only negligible heating of the vehicle window occurs.
  • a resulting advantage is that large-area, electrically heatable layers as part of the vehicle window, such as silver layers, can be dispensed with. This leads to simplified, more cost-effective glazing production.
  • the permeability of high-frequency radiation for example, for receiving mobile phone signals, communicating with cloud servers ("Internet of Things"), and the like, is not impaired by the radiant heating according to the invention, thus resulting in further advantages.
  • evaporation using IR radiation can be many times faster than with the HVAC/coating variant.
  • the radiation source By placing the radiation source outside the vehicle interior, occupants can be better protected from heat irritation and potentially burns.
  • the IR radiation is not reduced by the low, but still present, IR absorption of the vehicle window.
  • the absorption of IR radiation is particularly problematic when the vehicle window is constructed as a laminated pane. Laminated panes often have an IR-absorbing lamination interlayer.
  • the vehicle window can be a monolithic pane, as is often the case with rear windows or side windows. If the vehicle window is a monolithic pane, it has not only an outer surface but also an interior surface facing the vehicle interior.
  • a monolithic pane refers to single glazing, which can, however, also be provided with functional coatings such as an IR-reflecting coating and/or a LowE coating (emissivity-reducing coating). Such coatings are advantageously applied to the interior surface of the vehicle window.
  • the vehicle window as a monolithic pane does not have more than one pane and no thermoplastic polymer layer.
  • the vehicle window can also be a laminated pane, as is usually the case with windshields.
  • the rear window or the side window(s) of a vehicle can also be designed as a laminated pane.
  • the vehicle window is a laminated pane, it comprises an inner pane and an outer pane, as well as a thermoplastic intermediate layer arranged between the inner and outer panes.
  • the outer pane has an outer surface facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer, which is also the outer surface of the vehicle pane (although it may have coatings).
  • the outer pane also has an interior surface facing the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the inner pane has an interior surface facing away from the thermoplastic intermediate layer, which may be coated or uncoated. The coated or uncoated interior surface of the inner pane is also the surface of the vehicle pane exposed to the vehicle interior.
  • thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged flat between the inner pane and the outer pane.
  • main surfaces of the thermoplastic intermediate layer are arranged essentially parallel to the surfaces of the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the main surface of an element describes the surface of the element with the greatest extent.
  • the vehicle window is a monolithic window and the outer surface of the vehicle window is free of coating.
  • the vehicle window can be, for example, a windshield, rear window, or a side window of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle window is a side window of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle window can be permanently installed in the vehicle, so that it is not movable.
  • the vehicle window can also be movable, for example, it can be wound up and closed as is usual with side windows.
  • the vehicle window can therefore be converted from an open state to a closed state and vice versa during use of the vehicle.
  • closed state in the sense of the invention is meant that the vehicle window essentially completely separates the vehicle interior from the outside environment.
  • a vehicle side window in a car this would mean the case in which the vehicle side window is wound up, i.e. the window opening is completely closed by the vehicle side window.
  • open state in the sense of the invention is meant that the vehicle side window does not completely close the window opening, i.e. the vehicle interior is not completely separated from the outside environment. It is understood that the vehicle side window can also be “partially open,” meaning the window is not fully open. It is understood that the irradiation of the outer surface of the vehicle window described in the invention refers to the irradiation of the vehicle window in the closed state, although it is not excluded that areas of the vehicle window can also be irradiated when it is partially open.
  • the vehicle windshield has a circumferential edge with an edge surface, which particularly preferably comprises an upper edge and a lower edge, as well as two side edges running between them.
  • the upper edge refers to the edge that points upwards when installed in the vehicle.
  • the lower edge refers to the edge that points downwards when installed in the vehicle.
  • the upper edge is often referred to as the roof edge, and the lower edge as the engine edge.
  • the vehicle windshield can have any suitable geometric shape and/or curvature.
  • the radiation source is designed such that it can emit IR radiation in the IR wavelength range from 1.8 pm to 3.4 pm, preferably from 1.9 pm to 3.3 pm, particularly preferably from 1.9 pm to 3.0 pm. It is not necessary for the emission band of the radiation source to completely cover the aforementioned ranges. However, the emission band should lie (at least partially) within these ranges.
  • the radiation source is expediently connected to a power supply device. Especially in this preferred In this wavelength range, the absorption and excitation of water molecules, and thus the resulting heating and evaporation, is particularly high.
  • the transmission of glass in the wavelength range from 2.9 pm to 3.1 pm is particularly high, at over 70%, and especially at approximately 3.0 pm at approximately 85%, so that the energy can be used efficiently for defrosting and evaporating water.
  • the radiation source is configured such that it can emit IR radiation in the IR wavelength range from 1.4 pm to 2 pm, preferably from 1.45 pm to 1.95 pm.
  • IR radiation is particularly energy-intensive and thus very suitable for evaporating water.
  • This wavelength range is particularly preferred if the radiation source comprises or consists of an LED, since LEDs with IR radiation in higher wavelength ranges above 2 pm are difficult to manufacture and can thus be expensive.
  • the radiation source preferably comprises an LED, OLED, a laser, and/or a laser diode.
  • the radiation source preferably comprises an LED, which can also be referred to as an "IR radiation-emitting diode.”
  • the radiation source can comprise laser diodes or lasers, which have the advantage of being particularly powerful and efficient.
  • the radiation source can also comprise a housing in which the radiation sources for generating IR radiation are mounted.
  • the radiation source can be an LED, OLED, a laser, and/or a laser diode.
  • the radiation source comprises or consists of an Er:YAG diode.
  • the Er:YAG diode has a wavelength of approximately 2960 nm. This wavelength corresponds to the wavelength range in which water molecules exhibit the highest absorption coefficient.
  • Other examples are InAs/GaSb and Er3+-doped sesquioxide diodes.
  • the radiation source is a fiber-bulk hybrid laser.
  • the laser preferably comprises the laser medium Cr:ZnSe/S.
  • the laser is dimmable, for example, preferably within a range of 1.9 pm to 3.0 pm, so that the wavelength or a wavelength range of the emitted IR radiation can be selected as needed.
  • the radiation source(s) can be strip-shaped or spot-shaped, for example. Other geometric shapes are also possible.
  • Several individual radiation sources can also be arranged next to one another, spaced apart, or in a strip-shaped arrangement (close to one another). In other words, if several spot-shaped LEDs are arranged next to one another, a multi-part, strip-shaped radiation source can be formed. This allows the number and intensity of the radiation sources to be flexibly adapted to the requirements for heating the vehicle window, for example, with regard to the spatial and geometric conditions and the energy required for efficient heating.
  • a scattering element is arranged between the radiation source and the vehicle window.
  • a scattering element is arranged between the radiation source and the outer surface of the vehicle window.
  • the scattering element is preferably an optical concave lens (also called a scattering lens), a microlens array, or a holographic lens.
  • the scattering element serves to scatter the IR radiation. Parallel incident IR rays are refracted by the scattering element in such a way that the IR rays are scattered in space.
  • the radiation source is therefore preferably aligned such that the IR radiation emitted by it is scattered by the scattering element, whereby, for example, the IR radiation from a laser can irradiate a larger area of the outer surface of the vehicle window.
  • the pane or panes (outer pane and inner pane) of the vehicle window are preferably made of transparent glass, in particular soda-lime glass, which is common for window panes.
  • the panes can also be made of other types of glass (e.g., borosilicate glass, quartz glass, aluminosilicate glass) or transparent plastics (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate).
  • the thickness of the at least one pane can vary widely.
  • panes with a thickness in the range of 0.8 mm to 5 mm, preferably 1.4 mm to 2.5 mm are used, for example, those with the standard thicknesses of 1.6 mm or 2.1 mm.
  • the at least one pane can be tempered, partially tempered, or prestressed. If at least one of the panes is to be tempered, this can be thermal or chemical prestressing.
  • “at least one pane” refers to the inner pane. and/or the outer pane if the vehicle window is designed as a composite pane, or the individual pane of the vehicle window if it is designed as a monolithic pane.
  • the vehicle window can have any three-dimensional shape.
  • the at least one pane of the vehicle window has no shadow zones, allowing it to be efficiently coated by cathode sputtering.
  • the vehicle window is flat or slightly or strongly curved in one or more directions of space.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably formed as at least one thermoplastic composite film and is based on ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or polyurethane (PU), or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and additionally contains additives known to those skilled in the art, such as plasticizers.
  • the thermoplastic film preferably contains at least one plasticizer.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by one or more thermoplastic films arranged one above the other, wherein the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer after lamination of the layer stack is preferably from 0.25 mm to 1 mm, typically 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be formed from a film that is colored in some areas and is thus opaque.
  • the intermediate layer can also be formed from more than one film, i.e., at least two films, and the at least two films extend over different regions of the surface of the composite pane.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably a thermoplastic film without functional properties, i.e., a thermoplastic film without functional properties other than thermoplastic properties.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be a thermoplastic film with acoustically dampening properties, an IR-reflecting thermoplastic film, and/or a UV-absorbing thermoplastic film. If something is "based" on a polymeric material, it consists predominantly of this material, i.e., at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, and especially at least 70%. It may therefore also contain other materials such as stabilizers or plasticizers.
  • the external device is a side camera of the vehicle.
  • the side camera preferably comprises a housing and a camera arranged in the housing.
  • the camera preferably serves as a replacement for a side mirror and is intended to film the traffic behind the vehicle. Alternatively or additionally, the camera can also be intended to film the traffic to the side or the traffic ahead.
  • the camera is therefore a video camera that records images and preferably transmits them to an on-board computer (wirelessly or via cable).
  • the on-board computer can display the images recorded by the camera, for example, on a display in the vehicle interior, so that the driver receives an overview of the traffic (behind).
  • the images recorded by the camera can also be stored on the on-board computer or another data storage unit if necessary, which can be particularly helpful in investigating traffic accidents.
  • the images are transmitted to the display in the vehicle interior, at least in real time. Mounting the radiation source on the side camera is particularly suitable because it eliminates the need for an external device specifically designed to illuminate the vehicle windshield, but allows the use of a device already provided for another function.
  • the side camera preferably also comprises a pane which is inserted into an opening in the housing.
  • the pane is intended to separate the interior of the housing from the outside environment.
  • the pane is preferably at least transparent enough for the camera to be able to film the traffic through it.
  • the pane is preferably transparent with a light transmittance of at least 50%, preferably at least 70%.
  • the pane is preferably made of glass, such as soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, quartz glass or aluminosilicate glass, or transparent plastics, such as polymethyl methacrylate or polycarbonate.
  • the pane of the side camera is particularly preferably arranged between the Located between the interior of the housing and the exterior surface of the vehicle windshield. The windshield protects the camera from mechanical damage.
  • At least one radiation source is also arranged in the housing of the side camera.
  • the radiation source is arranged in the housing such that it can irradiate the outer surface of the vehicle window.
  • the housing thus has an opening into which a pane as described above is preferably inserted.
  • the pane is preferably arranged between the vehicle window and the radiation source, so that a portion of the IR radiation emitted by the radiation source initially transmits through the pane before impinging on the outer surface of the vehicle window.
  • the radiation source thus irradiates at least a portion of the pane of the side camera, preferably at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 70%, in particular at least 90% of the main surface of the pane.
  • the transmittance for IR radiation of the pane arranged between the vehicle window and the radiation source can be determined by spectrophotometric tests according to ISO 9050.
  • the exterior device of the vehicle is designed as a side mirror.
  • the side mirror preferably comprises a housing and a reflective element.
  • reflective element is meant that the element has at least one surface that reflects sufficient visible light so that a vehicle occupant, in particular the driver, can visually perceive the traffic behind them through the reflection on the reflective element.
  • the reflective surface of the reflective element faces the external environment.
  • the reflective element can, for example, be a substrate coated with a metal coating (preferably aluminum) or a dichroic dielectric mirror.
  • the reflective element is preferably arranged in an opening of the housing so that the reflective element separates a housing interior from the external environment.
  • the reflective element is preferably arranged in a manually or electronically movable manner within the housing so that the element can be positioned at an angle suitable for the user (as is common for side mirrors in vehicles).
  • the radiation source is particularly preferably arranged in the interior of the housing of the side mirror.
  • the radiation source is arranged in the housing such that it can irradiate the outer surface of the vehicle window.
  • the reflective element is preferably arranged between the vehicle window and the radiation source, wherein the reflective element is provided with a recess through which the IR radiation from the radiation source can be emitted.
  • the recess is preferably arranged in an edge region of the reflective element.
  • the reflective element can also have no recess and be arranged outside the beam path of the radiation source.
  • the radiation source can be located in an edge region of the opening in the housing, wherein the reflective element does not extend beyond this edge region.
  • the recess or edge region can be provided with a protective screen arranged between the radiation source and the vehicle window.
  • the reflective surface of the reflective element preferably reflects visible light by at least 30%, particularly preferably by at least 50%, most particularly preferably by at least 70%, in particular by at least 90%. Reflection in a specific percentage range, within the meaning of the invention, means an average reflection factor at a defined angle of incidence (65°).
  • opaque means a light transmittance (according to ISO 9050:2003) for visible light (380 nm to 780 nm) of less than 30%, preferably less than 20%, particularly preferably less than 5%, and especially less than 0.1%.
  • Transparent for the purposes of the invention means a light transmittance (according to ISO 9050:2003) for visible light of at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, and particularly preferably at least 70%.
  • the relative spectral distribution of illuminant D65 (see, for example, ISO 11664-2:2007) and/or the relative spectral distribution of illuminant A (see, for example, ISO 11664-2:2007) can be used for the determination.
  • the described light transmittance ranges apply to the determination using illuminant A and/or illuminant D65.
  • the reflectance is measured at an angle of incidence of 65° to the surface normal of the reflecting surface (surface normal is the vector perpendicular to the reflecting surface of the reflecting element).
  • the reflectance describes the proportion of the total The percentage of incident visible radiation that is reflected. It is expressed as a percentage (relative to 100% incident radiation) or as a unitless number from 0 to 1 (normalized to the incident radiation). Plotted as a function of wavelength, it forms the reflection spectrum.
  • the information on the reflectance or reflection spectrum refers to a reflection measurement with a light source that radiates uniformly in the considered spectral range with a normalized radiation intensity of 100%.
  • the vehicle window is provided with an IR-reflecting coating that at least overlaps the area irradiated by the radiation source with IR radiation.
  • the IR-reflecting coating is preferably arranged at least congruently with the area irradiated by the radiation source with IR radiation.
  • the IR-reflecting coating extends over at least 50% of the surface, particularly preferably over at least 70% of the surface, and in particular completely over the surface of the vehicle window.
  • the IR-reflecting coating is preferably applied to the interior-side surface of the vehicle window. If the vehicle window is designed as a composite window, the coating can also be applied to the exterior surface of the inner window or the interior-side surface of the outer window.
  • the IR-reflecting coating can also be applied to a transparent film (e.g., a PET film) and arranged in the thermoplastic intermediate layer, i.e., between the outer window and the inner window.
  • a transparent film e.g., a PET film
  • the IR-reflective coating protects the vehicle interior from the IR radiation of the radiation source and enhances the de-icing and evaporating effect of the water or frost deposits adhering to the vehicle window, as the IR radiation is reflected back to the exposed outer surface of the vehicle window.
  • the IR-reflecting coating can comprise metallic layers or be metal-free. Particularly preferably, the IR-reflecting coating comprises at least one silver layer and preferably multiple silver layers. Such silver layers exhibit particularly advantageous reflection properties while simultaneously providing high transmission in the visible spectral range.
  • the thickness of a silver layer is preferably from 1 nm to 50 nm, particularly preferably from 5 nm to 25 nm. In this range for the thickness of the silver layer, advantageously high transmission in the visible spectral range and particularly advantageous electrical conductivity are achieved.
  • the IR-reflecting coating most preferably comprises at least two silver layers, in particular at least three silver layers. Preferably, at least one dielectric layer is arranged between each two adjacent silver layers of the coating.
  • a dielectric layer contains at least one individual layer made of a dielectric material, for example containing a nitride such as silicon nitride or an oxide such as aluminum oxide.
  • dielectric layers can also comprise several individual layers, for example individual layers of a dielectric material, smoothing layers, adaptation layers, blocking layers and/or anti-reflection layers.
  • the thickness of a dielectric layer is, for example, from 10 nm to 200 nm. This achieves the technical advantage, for example, that infrared light can be effectively blocked.
  • the blocking of infrared light is particularly well achieved when the infrared protective layer comprises at least two silver layers, particularly preferably three silver layers and in particular exactly three silver layers.
  • the IR-reflective coating has a lower refractive index than the window to which it is applied.
  • the IR-reflective coating preferably has a refractive index of less than 1.5, preferably less than 1.4. This effectively reflects the IR radiation, increasing the probability that the IR radiation will hit a water-covered area on the exterior surface of the vehicle window.
  • Refractive indices in the context of the present invention are generally given relative to a wavelength of 1500 nm. Methods for determining refractive indices are known to those skilled in the art. The refractive indices specified in the context of the invention can be determined, for example, by ellipsometry, using commercially available ellipsometers. Unless otherwise stated, the specification of layer thicknesses or thicknesses refers to the geometric thickness of a layer.
  • the vehicle further comprises a moisture detector, for example an IR sensor, for detecting water on the outside surface of the vehicle window and a control unit.
  • the moisture detector is preferably configured to send a signal to the control unit when water is present on an area of the outside surface of the vehicle window that is irradiated by the radiation source during operation.
  • the control unit is configured to, at least upon receipt of the signal, electronically deactivate the radiation source. so that the radiation source emits IR radiation onto the outside surface of the vehicle window.
  • the moisture detector is preferably mounted on the vehicle window or an exterior device, such as the side mirror or side camera, so that it can effectively detect water condensed on the outside surface of the vehicle window.
  • the vehicle further comprises at least one further exterior device according to the invention with a radiation source attached thereto, as well as at least one further vehicle window (also called a second vehicle window).
  • the radiation device is arranged relative to the second vehicle window of the vehicle such that, during operation, the radiation source irradiates at least one exterior surface of the second vehicle window, which is exposed to the external environment, entirely or in part.
  • the two exterior devices are each a side camera or a side mirror of the vehicle according to the embodiments of the invention described above.
  • the vehicle window according to the invention and the second vehicle window are each side windows of the vehicle. If the exterior device for the first vehicle window is a side mirror, the exterior device for the second vehicle window is preferably also a side mirror.
  • the exterior device for the first vehicle window is a side camera
  • the exterior device for the second vehicle window is preferably also a side camera.
  • the vehicle according to the invention can also have more than two exterior devices and two vehicle windows, each of which is irradiated by a radiation source attached to the exterior device.
  • the vehicle can be, for example, a passenger car, a truck, a motor vehicle, a tractor, or a bus.
  • the vehicle is preferably a passenger car.
  • the vehicle can be equipped with an internal combustion engine, comprising, for example, a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, an electric drive comprising a fuel cell and/or a rechargeable battery, or a hybrid drive.
  • Hybrid drives and electric drives are particularly suitable because the radiation source is electrically operated.
  • Such drive types must be energy-efficient, since otherwise the range of the vehicle can be significantly reduced, thus making the advantages of removing moisture using the vehicle according to the invention particularly clear.
  • the invention extends to a method for removing moisture using the vehicle according to the invention.
  • "Moisture" in the context of the invention refers to water in a liquid or frozen state. The method comprises the following steps in the order mentioned:
  • the radiation source is activated at least upon detection of water on at least one region of the outer surface of the vehicle window by a moisture detector.
  • the vehicle preferably comprises a moisture detector and a control unit as described above, such that upon detection of water by the moisture detector, a signal is sent to the control unit, and the control unit controls the radiation source such that it is activated according to the method and step B of the method is subsequently carried out.
  • step B of the method according to the invention is terminated and the radiation source deactivated when the moisture detector no longer detects water on the outer surface of the vehicle window.
  • the radiation source therefore only irradiates the vehicle window when the moisture detector detects water.
  • the method can also be started and terminated manually, for example, by a vehicle occupant.
  • Figure 1 The rear of an embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention, Figure 2 Vehicle door with vehicle window and external device of the inventive
  • Figures 3-5 show various embodiments of the external device with radiation source of the vehicle according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 shows an absorption spectrum of water (liquid state).
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the vehicle 100 according to the invention, wherein the rear of the vehicle 100 is shown with a view of the trunk and rear window.
  • the vehicle 100 is a passenger car of the sedan type, wherein the invention is not restricted to specific types and models of vehicles.
  • Figure 2 shows a further aspect of the vehicle 100 according to the invention from Figure 1, wherein a vehicle door 101 of the vehicle 100 with an exterior device 2 and a vehicle window 1 is shown.
  • the vehicle window 1 is shown in a plan view with a view of the outer surface I.
  • the exterior device 2 in this example is a side mirror as shown in Figure 3; however, it can also be, for example, a side mirror as shown in Figure 4 or a side camera as shown in Figure 5.
  • the exterior device 2 is shown in a side view in Figure 2, so only the radiation source 3 and the housing 6 of the exterior device 2 can be seen.
  • the vehicle 100 also comprises a further, second exterior device 11, which is fastened to the opposite vehicle door and also represents a side mirror as shown in Figure 3; here, too, this exterior device 11 can, for example, also be a side mirror as shown in Figure 4 or a side camera as shown in Figure 5.
  • Each of the exterior devices 2, 11 comprises a radiation source 3, which is designed such that it can emit IR radiation 4 in the wavelength range from 1.3 pm to 3.5 pm.
  • the radiation sources 3 are arranged relative to the vehicle window 1, 12 of the respective vehicle door 101, to which the exterior devices 2, 11 are fastened, such that they can irradiate, in particular, the area P of the vehicle window 1, 12, which allows the driver a view of the exterior device 2, 11.
  • the radiation sources 3 can also be arranged and designed such that they can irradiate another area or additional areas of the vehicle window 1, 12. By means of the irradiation 4, watery coating 5 on the vehicle window 1, 12 can be effectively removed.
  • a major advantage here is that the radiation sources 3 are arranged outside the vehicle interior 8 and thus do not reduce the space in the interior 8.
  • a further advantage is that vehicle occupants do not may accidentally enter the beam path of radiation source 3, which could cause irritation to the occupants and, in the worst case, burns.
  • FIG. 2 describes the first vehicle door 101 and the first exterior device 2 attached thereto.
  • the facts described there also apply analogously to the second vehicle door (this is, for example, the driver's door) and the second exterior device 11 attached thereto.
  • the vehicle door 101 in Figure 2 is, for example, the vehicle passenger door, and the exterior device 2, as a side mirror, is attached to a door position typical for vehicles.
  • Attached to the vehicle door 101 above the vehicle window 1 is a moisture detector 10, which is connected to a control unit (not shown).
  • the moisture detector 10 is, for example, an IR sensor.
  • the moisture detector 10 detects watery coating and/or frost 5 on the outside surface I of the vehicle window 1 in the area P. As soon as the detector 10 detects water 5, it transmits a signal to the control unit, which then controls the radiation source 3 so that the radiation source 3 emits IR radiation 4 onto the area P of the vehicle window 1.
  • the radiation source 3 is attached to the housing 6 of the external device 2, for example by means of an adhesive.
  • the external device 2 also comprises a reflective element 7, which is, for example, a substrate with a reflective coating.
  • the reflective element 7 is inserted into an opening in the housing 6, so that a housing interior (not shown) is separated from the external environment 9.
  • the reflective coating is applied to a surface of the substrate facing the external environment 9 and serves as a mirror that the driver can use to monitor rear traffic.
  • the surface of the reflective element 7, which is made reflective by the coating reflects, for example, at least 70% of the incident visible light.
  • the substrate is made of glass, for example, and the reflective coating is, for example, an aluminum coating.
  • the radiation source 3 is equipped with a scattering element 13 for scattering the IR radiation 4.
  • a scattering element 13 for scattering the IR radiation 4 is arranged between the radiation source 3 and the vehicle window 1.
  • the scattering element 13 is, for example, an optical concave lens.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative external device 2 as a side mirror.
  • the radiation source 3 is not mounted on the outside of the housing 6 of the external device 2, but rather inside the housing.
  • the radiation source 3 is shown in a top view in an edge area of the side mirror so that the reflective element 7 remains clearly visible and usable.
  • the radiation source 3 comprises, for example, several lasers arranged in a strip shape, preferably dimmable lasers such as fiber-bulk hybrid lasers with a Cr:ZnSe/S medium.
  • the reflective element 7 is arranged between the radiation source 3 and the vehicle window 1, wherein the reflective element 7 has a recess in the region of the radiation source 3 so that the beam path of the radiation source 3 is not blocked.
  • Each laser of the radiation source 3 is equipped with a scattering element 13 at a suitable distance from the emission surface of the laser.
  • the scattering element 13 serves to scatter the light of the laser beam so that a larger area of the vehicle window 1 can be irradiated.
  • the scattering elements 13 are therefore arranged in the beam path of the individual lasers of the radiation source 3.
  • the scattering element 13 is, for example, an optical concave lens.
  • Figure 5 shows a further alternative embodiment of the external device 2, wherein the external device 2 in this embodiment is not designed as a side mirror of the vehicle 100, but as a side camera.
  • the external device 2 also comprises a camera 15, which is intended to film the rear traffic.
  • the external device 2 comprises a pane 14, which is inserted into an opening in the housing 6 and separates the housing interior from the external environment 9.
  • the camera 15 is arranged in the housing interior.
  • the camera 15 films through the pane 14, wherein the pane 14 protects the camera 15 from external damage.
  • the pane 14 is transparent to visible light and consists, for example, of mineral glass or plastic glass.
  • the pane 14 is arranged between the radiation source 3 and the vehicle window 1, so that the IR radiation 4 emitted by the radiation source 3 must first transmit through the pane 14 before it can impinge on the outer surface I of the vehicle window 1.
  • the pane 14 is therefore designed such that it is at least partially permeable to IR radiation 4.
  • the radiation source 3 is also arranged in the housing interior and comprises several lasers and scattering elements 13 analogously to that described for Figure 4.
  • Side-view cameras are a popular replacement for side mirrors, particularly in electric vehicles.
  • a major advantage of this design is that the radiation source 3 can clear water 5 not only from the vehicle window 1 but also from the pane 14 of the side-view camera.
  • Figure 6 shows an absorption spectrum of water in the liquid state.
  • the diagram shows that water molecules, for example, have a particularly high absorption coefficient at a wavelength of approximately 3 pm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un véhicule (100) comprenant au moins une vitre de véhicule (1) présentant une surface côté extérieur (I), qui est exposée à l'environnement extérieur (9), et au moins un dispositif extérieur (2) monté à l'extérieur de l'habitacle (8) du véhicule. Au moins une source de rayonnement (3) destinée à émettre un rayonnement IR (4) dans la plage de longueurs d'onde IR allant de 1,3 µm à 3,5 µm est montée sur le dispositif extérieur (2), la source de rayonnement (3) étant positionnée par rapport à la vitre de véhicule (1) de telle sorte que, lorsqu'elle est en fonctionnement, ladite source de rayonnement (3) irradie au moins la surface côté extérieur (I) de la vitre de véhicule (1) dans sa totalité ou sur une partie (P) de ladite surface lors du fonctionnement, et un élément de diffusion (13) destiné à diffuser le rayonnement IR (4) étant disposé entre la source de rayonnement (3) et la vitre de véhicule (1).
PCT/EP2025/059735 2024-04-17 2025-04-09 Véhicule avec dispositif extérieur, vitre de véhicule et source de rayonnement ir Pending WO2025219178A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP24170692.8 2024-04-17
EP24170692 2024-04-17

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WO2025219178A1 true WO2025219178A1 (fr) 2025-10-23

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR960125A (fr) 1950-04-13
DE10110142A1 (de) * 2001-03-02 2002-11-14 Exatec Gmbh & Co Kg Heizeinrichtung für eine Fahrzeugscheibe
US20110067726A1 (en) 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Cochran Don W Narrowband de-icing and ice release system and method
JP2013001611A (ja) 2011-06-17 2013-01-07 Kureha Corp 合わせガラスの加熱方法およびデフロスタ装置
WO2013104438A1 (fr) 2012-01-10 2013-07-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Disque transparent avec revêtement conducteur électrique
WO2013104439A1 (fr) 2012-01-10 2013-07-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Disque transparent avec revêtement conducteur électrique
GB2534625A (en) * 2015-09-02 2016-08-03 Ford Global Tech Llc Heating system and method of control
DE102022001984A1 (de) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-04 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Infrarot-Heizeinrichtung für einen Innenraum eines Kraftwagens sowie ein Verfahren
DE202023103844U1 (de) 2023-07-11 2023-08-01 Saint-Gobain Glass France Beheizbare Verbundscheibe

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR960125A (fr) 1950-04-13
DE10110142A1 (de) * 2001-03-02 2002-11-14 Exatec Gmbh & Co Kg Heizeinrichtung für eine Fahrzeugscheibe
US20110067726A1 (en) 2009-09-18 2011-03-24 Cochran Don W Narrowband de-icing and ice release system and method
US11052435B2 (en) * 2009-09-18 2021-07-06 Pressco Ip Llc Narrowband de-icing and ice release system and method
JP2013001611A (ja) 2011-06-17 2013-01-07 Kureha Corp 合わせガラスの加熱方法およびデフロスタ装置
WO2013104438A1 (fr) 2012-01-10 2013-07-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Disque transparent avec revêtement conducteur électrique
WO2013104439A1 (fr) 2012-01-10 2013-07-18 Saint-Gobain Glass France Disque transparent avec revêtement conducteur électrique
EP2803246B1 (fr) 2012-01-10 2017-05-03 Saint-Gobain Glass France Vitre transparente dotée d'un revêtement pouvant être chauffé de manière électrique
GB2534625A (en) * 2015-09-02 2016-08-03 Ford Global Tech Llc Heating system and method of control
DE102022001984A1 (de) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-04 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Infrarot-Heizeinrichtung für einen Innenraum eines Kraftwagens sowie ein Verfahren
DE202023103844U1 (de) 2023-07-11 2023-08-01 Saint-Gobain Glass France Beheizbare Verbundscheibe

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