WO2025219785A1 - Four de recyclage - Google Patents

Four de recyclage

Info

Publication number
WO2025219785A1
WO2025219785A1 PCT/IB2025/053116 IB2025053116W WO2025219785A1 WO 2025219785 A1 WO2025219785 A1 WO 2025219785A1 IB 2025053116 W IB2025053116 W IB 2025053116W WO 2025219785 A1 WO2025219785 A1 WO 2025219785A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vessel
recycling
melting
heating arrangement
lance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/IB2025/053116
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hugo Joubert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tenova South Africa Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Tenova South Africa Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tenova South Africa Pty Ltd filed Critical Tenova South Africa Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2025219785A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025219785A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/32—Blowing from above
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4606—Lances or injectors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C21C5/5217—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace equipped with burners or devices for injecting gas, i.e. oxygen, or pulverulent materials into the furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2200/00—Recycling of waste material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • F27D2003/162—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel
    • F27D2003/163—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel the fluid being an oxidant
    • F27D2003/164—Oxygen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a furnace, and more particularly but not exclusively to a multipurpose recycling furnace.
  • Waste containing metallic materials including slags formed during a primary smelting process, are often recycled to recover both base metals and precious metals. Recycling metals from waste materials helps conserve natural resources, reduce energy consumption, and minimize environmental impact compared to extracting metals from raw ores. Efficient recovery of metals from waste materials is not only desirable for their economic value, but also for reducing reliance on primary mining, which can have significant environmental impacts.
  • Base metals like iron, aluminum, lead, nickel, cobalt and copper are commonly recovered from various waste streams such as scrap metal, electronic waste (e-waste), batteries (lead acid batteries and lithium batteries), slags, and industrial by-products.
  • Precious metals like gold, silver, and platinum are also recovered from electronic waste and other sources through specialized recycling processes. Recycling efforts for platinum group metals (PGMs) primarily focus on recovery from automotive catalytic converters, which contain significant amounts of platinum, palladium, and rhodium. These metals are extracted through various refining techniques from used catalytic converters and other sources of PGM-containing waste, such as electronic scrap and industrial catalysts.
  • Metal-containing waste products undergo a systematic recycling process starting with collection from various sources such as households, businesses and industries. Once collected, these materials are sorted to separate different types of metals and alloys, employing both manual and automated techniques. Following sorting, the waste undergoes processing which may involve shredding, crushing, or melting in preparation for further treatment. Shredding and crushing reduce bulky items like scrap metal and electronic waste, while melting extracts metals from materials such as aluminum cans and steel scrap. Once collected, sorted and processed, the processed material undergoes smelting / melting and refinement.
  • the present invention relates to the smelting / melting and refinement part of the recycling process. At present, various processes are utilized to achieve these steps.
  • An electric furnace is a type of furnace that uses electricity as its primary source of heat energy for industrial processes such as melting, heating, and refining metals, and are commonly used in metallurgy, foundries, and materials processing industries due to their efficiency, versatility, and precise temperature control.
  • a top blown rotary converter is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting and refining various types of metal-bearing materials. It's a versatile furnace that can handle a wide range of feed materials, including ores, concentrates, recycled materials, and intermediate products from other processes.
  • a conventional TBRC furnace consists of a rotating, cylindrical refractory-lined vessel equipped with a fuel lance for use in melting the feed material or providing heat to the process, and an oxygen lance for use during the refinement of the molten feed material. The rotation of the vessel helps to mix the feed materials thoroughly and ensure uniform heating and processing.
  • the first step entails a melting / smelting and first pass separation process, and typically takes place in an electric furnace.
  • the second step is then a refining and converting process that typically takes place in a top blown rotary converter (TBRC) or similar apparatus to further concentrate the recovered metals in an alloy prior to further downstream processing and refining.
  • TBRC top blown rotary converter
  • both the melting/smelting and refining can be done in a single top blown rotary converter (TBRC) or similar apparatus.
  • TBRC top blown rotary converter
  • the melting / smelting process require the use of a carbonaceous fuel such as fuel oil, pulverized coal or similar, or natural gas. This leads to high CO2 emission levels, which is not desirable from an environmental perspective. It is also not possible for the melting / smelting step of this process to be converted to be reliant on green energy.
  • a recycling furnace including: a vessel, suitable for receiving material to be recycled, the vessel having a mouth section; a lance operatively extending through the mouth section for introducing an oxidizing gas into the vessel; and an electrically powered heating arrangement for supplying heat to the material to be recycled.
  • the electrically powered heating arrangement may be in the form of an induction heating arrangement.
  • the induction heating arrangement may be in the form of induction coils located on or inside walls of the vessel, for example in the refractory lining of the vessel.
  • the electrically powered heating arrangement may be in the form of two electrodes.
  • a first electrode may be incorporated into a base of the vessel and a second electrode may extend into the vessel through the open end of the vessel.
  • both electrodes may extend into the vessel through the open end of the vessel.
  • the electrically powered heating arrangement may be in the form of a plasma torch with an end portion operatively arranged within the vessel for supplying heat to the material to be recycled.
  • the plasma torch to be displaceable relative to the vessel between an operative position in which end portion of the plasma torch is located inside the vessel, and an inoperative position in which the end portion of the plasma torch is located outside of the vessel.
  • an end of the lance When the lance is in the operative condition, an end of the lance may be located above a surface of the molten material, or below the surface of the molten material.
  • the plasma torch may be suitable for generating a non-transferred plasma arc.
  • the end portion of the plasma torch may comprise a cathode having a tip located in a gas chamber and an anode arranged proximate the tip of the cathode, the anode comprising an opening for a plasma arc operatively to pass through.
  • the end portion may include an electric arc or spark generator.
  • the cathode may comprise a tungsten electrode and the anode may comprise a copper nozzle.
  • the gas chamber may operatively be fed with a plasma forming gas.
  • the vessel in accordance with one embodiment of the invention there is provided for the vessel to be a rotatable vessel. There is also provided for the vessel to be tiltable.
  • a method of recycling metal containing waste material including the steps of:
  • the vessel is provided for the vessel to be stationary or to rotate during the melting step.
  • the melting step and the refinement step may happen concurrently, with the vessel being rotated while melting using electrical energy and refinement using the oxidizing gas take place at the same time, or at least partially overlap.
  • the vessel is continuously rotated at a variable speed.
  • the oxidizing gas prefferably oxygen or an oxygen rich gas mixture, with the gas being introduced into the vessel using a lance.
  • an end of the lance in use to be located above a surface of the molten material, or below the surface of the molten material.
  • the step of discharging the refined material may entail tilting the vessel in order for the material to be discharged under gravity.
  • the method may also include a holding step after the refinement step.
  • the holding step may include using electrical energy to maintain the temperature of the molten and refined material above a predetermined temperature.
  • the vessel is preferably stationary during the holding step.
  • the step of melting the waste material in the recycling vessel using electrical energy may entail the use of an induction heating system, electrical elements electrodes or a plasma torch.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an existing TBRC as is known in the art, with the process in the refinement state;
  • Figure 2 shows the TBRC of figure 1 in a tilted configuration for discharging the refined material
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a recycling furnace according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a recycling furnace according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a recycling furnace in accordance with the invention, with the furnace being in an upright position;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the furnace of Figure 5 with the furnace in a tilted position and an oxygen lance in an operative configuration
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the furnace of Figure 5 with the furnace in a discharge position and the oxygen lance removed;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a recycling furnace in accordance with the invention, with the furnace being in an upright position, including a detailed view of an end portion of a plasma torch;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the furnace of Figure 8 with the furnace in a tilted position and an oxygen lance and the plasma torch in an operative configuration;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the furnace of Figure 8 with the furnace in a discharge position and the oxygen lance and plasma torch removed.
  • the terms “mounted”, “connected”, “engaged” and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings and are thus intended to include direct connections between two members without any other members interposed therebetween and indirect connections between members in which one or more other members are interposed therebetween. Further, “connected” and “engaged” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings. Additionally, the words “lower”, “upper”, “upward”, “down” and “downward” designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The terminology includes the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words or similar import.
  • a TBRC as is known in the trade is generally indicated by reference numeral 10.
  • the TBRC includes a vessel 12 having an opening 13 defining a mouth, and a hollow interior 14.
  • a material to be processed is introduced into the vessel 12 through the opening 13.
  • the vessel 12 can rotate about a longitudinal axis as indicated by arrow A, and can also pivot or tilt about a transverse axis, as indicated by arrow B.
  • the vessel 12 can tilt from an upright position through about 270 degrees.
  • the vessel 12 is usually positioned in an upright position (not shown) during feeding of material, especially cold feed material, or at an angle if molten feed is added.
  • the vessel is then angled at approximately 45 degrees during the smelting/melting/heating process, as shown in Figure 1.
  • heat is imparted using a fuel lance 16.
  • oxygen or oxygen enriched air is introduced into the vessel 12 using an oxygen lance 17.
  • the lances (16 and 17) are pneumatically / hydraulically I or similarly inserted and extracted from the vessel opening 13.
  • the vessel 12 can be tilted in order for first the slag, and then the refined metal I matte I alloy, to be emptied into a ladle 18.
  • the vessel In addition to tilting, the vessel also rotates (arrow A) whilst in operation.
  • the rotation assists with mixing the feed and molten material, firstly to expose it to the burner flame from the fuel lance 16 for melting / smelting, and secondly to better expose the melt to the oxygen from the oxygen lance 17 for refining through selective oxidation and slag forming.
  • impurities and other unwanted products react with the fluxes and form oxides, they rise to the surface due to their lighter density compared to the molten metal. This separation is also facilitated by the rotation of the TBRC vessel, which helps to agitate the contents and promote the separation of slag from the metal.
  • the refinement step take place in a furnace as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 (but without the fuel lance 16), but with the melting taking place in a separate furnace, for example an electrical furnace.
  • the invention differs from the prior art in that the recycling furnace 10 does not include a fuel lance 16.
  • the furnace includes an electrically powered heating arrangement, which can be in the form of an electrode arrangement 20 (shown in Figure 3 and 4), an induction heating arrangement 50 (as shown in Figures 5 to 7) or a plasma torch (shown in Figures 8 to 10) for use in providing heat energy for melting the charge 15.
  • the new furnace still includes an oxygen lance 17, which is also still retractable as is known in the art. It should be understood that a fuel lance may still be used in combination with the electrically powered heating arrangement, but it is not required. The presence or lack of a fuel lance therefore has no specific bearing on the scope of the invention.
  • the electrically powered heating arrangement is in the form of an electrode arrangement 20 that comprises a cathode 21 and an anode 22, with the cathode 21 extending into the vessel 12 through the mouth of the vessel (similar to the fuel lance 16).
  • the anode 22 is located in or at the bottom of the vessel 12.
  • the electrical heating arrangement is also in the form of an electrode arrangement 20, but here both the anode 22 and the cathode 21 are inserted through the opening 13 of the vessel.
  • the furnace 10 includes induction coils 50 embedded in the wall of the vessel, instead of an electrode arrangement as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the vessel is shown in an upright position during which melting occurs.
  • the vessel is in a titled configuration with an oxygen lance 17 also extending into the vessel, and in Figure 7 the vessel is in a discharge configuration, with the lance 17 again retracted from the vessel.
  • the furnace also includes a fuel lance 16.
  • a fourth embodiment, shown in Figure 8 to 10, differs from the first three embodiments in that the recycling furnace 10 includes a plasma arc torch 100 as a replacement for the electrode arrangement 20 (shown in Figure 3 and 4), or the induction heating arrangement 50 (as shown in Figures 5 to 7).
  • the plasma arc torch 100 is provided for operatively providing heat energy for melting the charge 15.
  • the furnace according to the fourth embodiment still includes an oxygen lance 17, which is also still retractable as is known in the art.
  • the plasma arc torch 100 is retractable between an operative condition, in which an end portion 102 thereof is located within the inside the vessel 12 (typically by extending through the opening 13 or mouth of the vessel 12) and an inoperative condition in which the end portion 102 is displaced out of the vessel 12.
  • a fuel lance may still be used in combination with the arc torch 10, but it is not required. The presence or lack of a fuel lance therefore has no specific bearing on the scope of the invention.
  • the plasma arc torch 100 is configured for generating a non-transferred plasma arc.
  • the end portion 102 of the plasma torch 100 comprises a cathode 103 in the form of a tungsten electrode, an end portion 104 of which terminating in a tip 106.
  • the end portion 104 is encapsulated within a gas chamber 108.
  • An anode 110 typically in the form of a copper nozzle having an opening 112, is arranged proximate the end portion 104 of the cathode 103.
  • the anode 1 10 is electrically insulated from the gas chamber 108. In use, plasma forming gas is fed through a gas supply line 1 14 towards the gas chamber 108.
  • the vessel 12 is shown in an upright position during which loading and/or melting occurs.
  • the vessel is in a titled configuration with the oxygen lance 17 also extending into the vessel, and in Figure 10 the vessel is in a discharge configuration, with the lance 17 and plasma arc torch 100 again retracted from the vessel 12.
  • the material to be recycled is loaded into the vessel 12 while the vessel is in an upright position.
  • the melting phase then commences, and electricity is supplied to the electrical heating arrangement, i.e, to the electrode arrangement 20 ( Figure 3 and 4), the induction coils 50 ( Figures 5 to 7) or the plasma torch 100 ( Figures 8 to 10).
  • electrical power is supplied to heat and melt the feed material in the vessel using either AC or DC power, most likely with the top electrode or cathode 21 immersed in the molten material 15, but potentially with an end of the cathode being located above the material, thus drawing an open arc.
  • heating is achieved through resistance heating (I2R), and when drawing an open arc, heating is achieved through both resistance heating and arc radiation.
  • I2R resistance heating
  • the vessel is not rotated while the feed material is heated up and melted, and also does not have to be tilted to the position shown in Figure 1 .
  • the plasma torch 100 When the plasma torch 100 is used, a voltage is supplied over the anode 1 10 and cathode 103, gas is supplied to the gas chamber 108 and an arc or spark is created proximate the opening 112, causing a plasma arc to be generated to heat and melt the feed material in the vessel 12.
  • the plasma arc is directed towards the material in the vessel.
  • the melting phase may occur in either the upright position of figure 8, or the tilted position of figure 9.
  • the vessel 12 may be rotated during the melting phase, resulting in better heat distribution and more even heating.
  • the vessel 12 starts to rotate while in the tilted position, and oxygen or an oxygen rich gas is introduced through the oxygen lance 17.
  • the furnace is used like a conventional TBRC.
  • the vessel can be tiled further to the discharge position shown in Figure 2, at which point the slag (if formed) is skimmed, and the metal decanted into a ladle 18.
  • the invention provides for the possibility of an intermediate holding step during which the molten and refined material is kept hot, again using the electrode arrangement or plasma arc torch 100, as the case may be, which ensures adequate separation between the alloy/matte/metal and the slag that may form.
  • the electrode arrangement or plasma arc torch 100 can also be used to heat up already molten material fed to the vessel.
  • the invention provides a way in which the two-step melting and refinement process can be performed in the same vessel, without the use of fuel introduced through a fuel lance.
  • the invention will result in a reduction of the overall capital cost compared to the two-step process, and potentially reduces the CO2 emissions and carbon footprint compared to the existing single step TBRC process if green electricity is available.
  • the single, lower- cost and lower-emission process will be more suitable for smaller scale operations located closer to the source of the materials to the recycled, usually closer to residential areas.
  • the invention is not limited to the use of a rotating vessel, and will also find application when the vessel is used in a top submerged lance configuration (i.e. upright vessel with a submerged lance, instead of TBRC configuration).
  • a top submerged lance configuration i.e. upright vessel with a submerged lance, instead of TBRC configuration.
  • the important requirement is that the process should still utilize a combination of electrical energy for heating (directly using the electrodes, or by means of the plasma arc torch) and lancing (introducing oxidizing gas) for refinement.
  • the use of the submerged lance renders rotation of the vessel unnecessary, as the process results in sufficient mixing. It will, however, still be useful for the vessel to be tiltable in order to discharge slag and alloy / matte.
  • induction heating may for example be achieved by embedding an induction coil in the refractory lining of the vessel to heat the charge using electrical induction.
  • the vessel can tilt and rotate, and the oxygen lance can be used simultaneously while electrical heating takes place through the induction coils.
  • the combination of electric induction heating used concurrently with the lance is of particular interest when considering a converting operation for copper scrap / waste recycling.
  • There is little to no sulphur in the alloy that can provide the energy for heating during the converting process. Normally sulphur is oxidised when oxygen is blown into or onto the melt during a typical primary smelting converting process, but in this case the heating will be done using induction heating.
  • the fourth embodiment results in similar advantages as mentioned in respect of the induction heating version, in that heating can be done whilst in the inclined position and whilst the TBRC is rotating, resulting in more even heating of the charge.
  • the fourth embodiment has further advantages over and above those of the other embodiments, in that it doesn’t comprise potentially vulnerable hardware such as embedded induction coils or bottom anodes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un four de recyclage polyvalent conçu pour traiter des déchets contenant du métal. Le four comprend un récipient ayant une section d'embouchure pour recevoir un matériau recyclable, une lance s'étendant à travers la section d'embouchure pour introduire un gaz oxydant, et un agencement de chauffage électrique pour faire fondre le matériau. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de recyclage de déchets contenant du métal, consistant à introduire les déchets dans le récipient, à les faire fondre à l'aide d'énergie électrique, à raffiner le matériau fondu avec un gaz oxydant, et à évacuer ensuite le matériau raffiné. Ce système améliore le rendement et l'efficacité dans des procédés de recyclage de métal.
PCT/IB2025/053116 2024-04-17 2025-03-25 Four de recyclage Pending WO2025219785A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2024/02945 2024-04-17
ZA202402945 2024-04-17
ZA202405129 2024-07-01
ZA2024/05129 2024-07-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025219785A1 true WO2025219785A1 (fr) 2025-10-23

Family

ID=95309937

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2025/053116 Pending WO2025219785A1 (fr) 2024-04-17 2025-03-25 Four de recyclage

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2025219785A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4426709A (en) * 1981-12-23 1984-01-17 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for the production of steel
US5286277A (en) * 1992-05-26 1994-02-15 Zaptech Corporation Method for producing steel
US5889810A (en) * 1995-03-31 1999-03-30 Nippon Steel Corporation Apparatus for preheating and melting of scrap and process for the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4426709A (en) * 1981-12-23 1984-01-17 Voest-Alpine Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for the production of steel
US5286277A (en) * 1992-05-26 1994-02-15 Zaptech Corporation Method for producing steel
US5889810A (en) * 1995-03-31 1999-03-30 Nippon Steel Corporation Apparatus for preheating and melting of scrap and process for the same

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