WO2025242557A1

WO2025242557A1 - Dental implant with support elements

Info

Publication number: WO2025242557A1
Application number: PCT/EP2025/063498
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ole ZOFFMANN ANDERSEN; Benjamin BELLÓN PECECNIK; Sandro SIEBER; George RAEBER
Original assignee: Institut Straumann AG
Current assignee: Institut Straumann AG
Priority date: 2024-05-22
Filing date: 2025-05-16
Publication date: 2025-11-27
Anticipated expiration: 2026-11-22

Abstract

Disclosed is a dental implant. The dental implant comprises an implant body having a main axis extending from a coronal end to an apical end of the implant body. The dental implant comprises a receptacle for receiving a secondary body. The dental implant comprises one or more support elements. The one or more support elements are arranged on and protrude from the implant body. The one or more support elements comprise a first support element having a primary support surface and a secondary support surface extending along the main axis. The implant body has a bioadhesive composition contacting surface arranged between the primary support surface and the secondary support surface of the first support element.

Description

DENTAL IMPLANT WITH SUPPORT ELEMENTS

The present disclosure pertains to the field of dental implants. The present disclosure relates to a dental implant for use together with a bioadhesive composition for bonding the dental implant to a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket.

BACKGROUND

The field of biomaterials includes fixation of implants to tissues as well as tissue repair. To date, a range of synthetic, naturally-derived and biomimetic-based adhesive compositions have been developed for use in a range of clinical applications, including bone repair and dental implantology. Still, the limited mechanical strength of implants in combination with adhesives has remained an issue within the field of implants and biomaterials.

Even though there are several tissue adhesives available today on the market, none of them are ideal sealants or even adhesives. Cyanoacrylates were one of the first synthetic adhesives used as bone adhesives, demonstrating a high potential for bone bonding, together with methacrylates and the most promising synthetic adhesives in the dental area, since they are able to polymerize in wet conditions and achieve strong wet adhesion. At the same time, they are able to react with the amines on the surface of the tissue creating a covalent bond, thus achieving rapid curing at low cost. Cyanoacrylates have shown good adhesion but have shown inflammatory response during degradation. Thus, making the clinical use of cyanoacrylate-based adhesives limited to application needing only small amount of adhesives, for example, wound healing or repair damage to the skin, as large quantities of the cyanoacrylate-based adhesives can cause chemical burns chronic inflammatory response, tissue necrosis and dermatitis, due to the toxic nature of its byproducts.

Fibrin glues have low adhesive strengths but are more biocompatible. Other adhesives struggle with high costs and long curing times or lack of tailoring of the curing time dependent on the tissue and the situation.

Calcium phosphates (CaP) and in particular hydroxyapatite (Hap, HAp, or HA; with the formula Cas PCLhOH or Caio(P04)e(OH)2 to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities and is in the form of a dimer), is a mineral that is widely used in medical applications due to its similarity to the mineral components of bone and teeth. Hydroxyapatite is non- toxic, biocompatible and bioactive. This means that on one hand hydroxyapatite is not harmful and not recognized as a foreign body, and on the other hand that it may have a positive effect on remodelling the bone. Hence hydroxyapatite has been widely used in bone repair and as drug/gene delivery vehicle, catalyst, ion adsorption/exchange agent, photoelectric reagent and so on. Calcium phosphate composites are known and used as bone substitutes and bone grafts. These calcium phosphate composites tend to form complexes primarily between calcium-based salts through charge interactions. These composites are used as general bone void fillers and generally lack the adhesive strength sufficient to adhere or fix bones together, for example, fractured bone surfaces. These compositions lack sufficient chemical interactions between the calcium phosphate composite and the bone surface or other surface materials, and lack sufficient strength to be used to bond bone to bone or bone to other materials.

US2012288446 (LIS'446) discloses an adhesive comprising a multivalent metal compound, and an effective amount of a compound that is structurally similar to phosphoserine, such as for example a phosphoserine oligomer or a phosphoserine capped polymer. LIS'446 discloses, for example, experimental data using tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) as the multivalent metal compound and phosphoserine-ethyleneglycol-diglycidyl-phosphoserine and obtains adhesive strength of up to 3.76 MPa when adhered to bone.

LIS20130122057 (IIS'057) discloses a bone restorative composition comprising amino acid phosphate species, a multivalent metal compound and a bioactive glass material containing ionic functional groups. IIS'057 discloses examples using a composition comprising TTCP as the multivalent metal compound, phosphoserine as the amino acid species together with various amounts of Combeite Bioactive glass and water. The corticol bone to bone shear strengths obtained varied between 0.75-2.13 MPa.

W02019106173A1 describes a composition of a calcium phosphate such as tetracalcium phosphate or a-TCP and an additive compound selected from nucleic acid or nucleotides, phospho(enol)pyruvic acid and phosphocreatine. The composition may be used as a tissue adhesive on a subject.

WO2016196371A1 relates to a composition comprising a multivalent metal compound and a compound of formula (I) that is an organic phosphate compound (e.g., a small organic phosphate compound) such as phosphoserine. The composition is said to possess the properties of adhesion, conforming to a surface, being capable of luting, and becoming a solid that can be adhesively applied to bone or device surfaces. In some embodiments, the shape of the applied composition can be altered by flowing, molding, forming, or plastic deformation of any other kind, to obtain the desired shape and size prior to it becoming generally rigid and solid.

Notwithstanding the development of a variety of bioadhesive compositions, the use of these compositions in dental implantology has met with limited success, in part due to the immediate and extremely high shear impact/compressive forces on the dental implants, a problem that has been hard to solve in the field.

Dental implant stability is a critical parameter influencing the overall success of dental implant treatments. The concept of dental implant stability is typically separated into two regimes, namely, I) primary stability, characterized by the purely mechanical interaction between the dental implant and the host bone and II) secondary stability, characterized by biological stabilization of the implant through the process of osseointegration.

Research within the field of time-dependent stability of dental implants suggests a positive correlation between primary and secondary implant stabilities, meaning that high primary stability is a strong indicator that the implant will reach a high secondary stability.

The major factors affecting primary implant stability are the surgical protocol, host bone quality and the macroscopic implant design. Efforts to improve the primary stability of dental implants in poor quality bone or with reduced thread engagement are ongoing and, recently, a calcium phosphate-based cement material, having glue-like properties, has been developed (Bystrom JL, Pujari-Palmer M, J. Fund. Biomater. (2019), 10(4), 54 “Phosphoserine functionalized cements preserve metastable phases, and reprecipitate octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, dicalcium phosphate, and amorphous calcium phosphate, during degradation in vitro’’’, Pujari-Palmer M et al. Materials (2018), 11(12), 2492 “A novel class of injectable bioceramics that glue tissues and biomaterials” (Basel); Pujari-Palmer M et al. ChemEngineering (2020), 4(1), 19 “Factors that determine the adhesive strength in a bioinspired bone tissue adhesive”; US2020030483A1/ W02019106173A1). This technology utilizes the reported properties of the amino acid phosphoserine to facilitate adhesive bonding between the cement components and, e.g., tissues and metals, under both wet and dry conditions. While this material might hold the promise to enhance the primary stability of dental implants, considering the glue-like nature and the fact that the material is a viscous liquid at the time of implant placement, so far, widely diverging results on improved primary stability have been reported.

Generally, adhesive-based primary stability generation for dental implants is not well represented in the literature and the imaginable parameters that might contribute to the stability of the initial bond have not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that the surface area of the bond interface is a key component affecting bond strength. For dental implants, surface area is contingent upon 3 principal factors: implant length, implant radius/diameter, and implant geometry (thread-to-core ratio and shape). Additionally, depending on the specific adhesive being used, setting time has been reported to play an important role in adhesive bond strength.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, there is a need for an implant solution, which mitigate, alleviate, or address the shortcomings existing and provides improved stability and bond strength of the dental implant, for example in the presence of a bioadhesive composition.

It is an advantage of the present disclosure that the bioadhesive composition contacting surface of the dental implant facilitates a desirable pressure distribution profile on a bioadhesive composition during insertion of the dental implant into the bioadhesive composition. The pressure distribution profile increases a pressure exerted on the bioadhesive composition in a radial direction and in a longitudinal direction. The increased pressure on the bioadhesive composition causes the bioadhesive composition to evenly distribute around the dental implant. The support element is configured to contact a bone surface or tissue surface, when inserted into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket. The support element thus provides an initial stability to the implant by contact with the bone surface or tissue surface, preventing a movement of the implant before the bioadhesive composition has cured and provides further stability of the implant. The support element is further configured to prevent a rotation of the dental implant around the main axis, when inserted into the bioadhesive composition, by allowing the bioadhesive composition to surround the support member and contact the first primary support surface and the first secondary support surface. Upon curing of the bioadhesive composition, the bioadhesive composition will create a form fit with the support element which prevents a rotation of the dental implant. By distributing the bioadhesive composition around the dental implant and rotationally securing the dental implant in the bioadhesive composition, the curing of the bioadhesive composition is promoted, which improves the strength of the bond between the dental implant and the bioadhesive composition.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art by the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

Figs. 1A-1 D illustrate an example dental implant having a support element according to this disclosure,

Figs. 2A-2L illustrate example support elements comprising indentations and example implant bodies for a dental implant according to this disclosure,

Figs. 3A-3D illustrate an example dental implant having two support elements according to this disclosure,

Figs. 4A-4D illustrate an example dental implant having three support elements according to this disclosure, and

Fig. 5 illustrates a difference between a body taper angle and a support element taper angle of the example dental implant illustrated in Figs 1A-1 D. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various exemplary embodiments and details are described hereinafter, with reference to the figures when relevant. It should be noted that the figures may or may not be drawn to scale and that elements of similar structures or functions are represented by the same reference numerals throughout the figures. It should also be noted that the figures are only intended to facilitate the description of the embodiments. They are not intended as an exhaustive description of the disclosure or as a limitation of the scope of the disclosure. In addition, an illustrated embodiment does not need to have all the aspects or advantages shown. An aspect or an advantage described in conjunction with a particular embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment and can be practiced in any other embodiments even if not so illustrated, or if not so explicitly described.

The figures are schematic and simplified for clarity, and they merely show details which aid understanding the disclosure, while other details have been left out. Throughout, the same reference numerals are used for identical or corresponding parts.

The current disclosure relates to a dental implant. The dental implant comprises an implant body having a main axis extending from a coronal end to an apical end of the implant body. The dental implant comprises a receptacle for receiving a secondary body. The dental implant comprises one or more support elements. The one or more support elements are arranged on and protrude from the implant body. The one or more support elements comprise a first support element having a primary support surface and a secondary support surface extending along the main axis. The implant body has a bioadhesive composition contacting surface arranged, such as extending, between the primary support surface and the secondary support surface of the first support element.

The support surfaces of the support element and the bioadhesive composition contacting surface may be configured to define a bioadhesive composition retention chamber. The bioadhesive composition retention chamber may be configured for accommodating and retaining the bioadhesive composition, for example upon insertion of the dental implant into a bone cavity together with the bioadhesive composition. The support surfaces of the support element increase the total surface area of the dental implant that is in contact with the bioadhesive composition, thereby contributing to enhanced secondary stability of the dental implant after the bioadhesive composition has set. In accordance with conventional dental terminology, “apical” refers to the direction towards the bone and “coronal” to the direction towards the occlusal surface of the teeth. Therefore, the apical end of a component is the end which, in use, is directed towards or into the jawbone and the coronal end is that which is directed towards or into the oral cavity.

As used herein, the term bioadhesive or bioadhesive composition refers to a dental bioresorbable cement like structure. Said cement like structure is a biocompatible and biodegradable composition that is suitable to join two surfaces together where at least one of them is a tissue such as, for example, a living tissue, a bone tissue, oral soft tissue, or a dental tissue. The bioadhesive composition, as used herein, can also join together a non- biological surface (such as a dental implant surface) to a tissue, thus securing a dental implant into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket. The bioadhesive composition according to the present disclosure has the particularity to be osteofriendly and osteoconductive, providing dental primary stability (and/or secondary stability) of the dental implant while in contact with at least one tissue and maintaining said stability over time while the bone regenerates and grows around the dental implant. The bioadhesive composition will slowly disappear in favour of the newly grown bone.

As used herein, the term dental implant refers herein to a threadless implant or a threadless element. The dental implant of the present invention differs from a traditional dental implant in that said it has no thread, thus it cannot be screwed into the bone, or a jawbone. In addition, said dental implant also differs from other threadless implants known in the art, in that it is not designed to be hammered into the bone, or a jawbone.

The dental implant, according to the present invention, may be a threadless implant configured to be used together with a bioadhesive composition to secure the dental implant to a socket or a tissue. In other words, the dental implant may be configured to not be screwed into any bone upon insertion into a socket.

As used herein, the term primary stability, also known as mechanical stability, refers to the mechanical engagement of the dental implant with the bioadhesive composition once set and the absence of mobility of the dental implant in the bone cavity, such as the extraction socket. Said mechanical or bio-mechanical stability being influenced by numerous factors, such as, for example but not limited to, the setting of the bioadhesive, the quantity or quality of the bioadhesive composition, or the geometric design of the dental implant. As used herein, the term secondary stability, also known as biological stability, refers to the development from regeneration and remodeling of the bone and tissue around the dental implant after insertion and can be affected by the primary stability.

The one or more support elements are configured to prevent a rotation, such as an unwanted rotation, of the dental implant when the dental implant is inserted into the bioadhesive composition. The one or more support element(s) may respectively have a primary support surface and a secondary support surface. The primary support surface and the secondary support surface may be radial surfaces, such as surfaces having a surface normal perpendicular to the radial direction of the dental implant, such as in a tangential direction of the dental implant. The primary support surface and the secondary support surface are configured to contact the bioadhesive composition and to create a form fit with the bioadhesive composition, thereby preventing a rotation of the dental implant in relation to the bioadhesive composition. In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support element(s) comprise a first support element having a first primary support surface and a first secondary support surface. The one or more support elements may extend along, such as in parallel to, the main axis of the dental implant, such as in a longitudinal direction of the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements, such as the first support element, protrude(s) from the implant body over at least 15% of a length of the implant body extending along the main axis. In other words, the one or more support elements may extend over at least 15% of the length of the implant body, respectively. In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements extend between the apical end and the coronal end over at least 20% of the length of the dental implant. In one or more example dental implants, such as when the support element comprising a plurality of separate sub-portions, the sub-portions may in combination cover at least 20% of the length of the dental implant. For example, a first sub-portion of the support element may extend over 10% of the length of the dental implant, while a second sub-portion of the support element may extend over 10% of the length of the dental implant, so that the support element in total covers at least 20% of the length of the dental implant.

An apical end of a support element may be arranged at an apical distance from the apical end of the dental implant. For example, the first support element may be arranged at a first apical distance from the apical end of the dental implant. The first apical distance may be less than 2.0 mm. For example, a second support element may be arranged at a second apical distance from the apical end of the dental implant. The second apical distance may be less than 2.0 mm. For example, a third support element may be arranged at a third apical distance from the apical end of the dental implant. The third apical distance may be less than 2.0 mm. For example, a fourth support element may be arranged at a fourth apical distance from the apical end of the dental implant. The fourth apical distance may be less than 2.0 mm. The first apical distance may be the same or different than one or more of the second apical distance, the third apical distance, and the fourth apical distance. By arranging the support elements at the apical distance, the support elements may provide initial stability to the dental implant upon insertion into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket, by ensuring that the apical end of the dental implant contacts the bone cavity via the support elements. Thereby, the dental implant can be aligned and supported within the bone cavity until the bioadhesive composition has cured and provides primary and/or secondary stability to the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements, such as the first support element, protrude(s) from the implant body by at least 0,5 mm in a radial direction of the implant body. In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support element(s) protrude from the implant body by 5-30%, such as by 7-25%, of the width of the implant body. The protrusion of the support element in a radial direction of the dental implant may herein be referred to as the height of the support element.

In one or more example dental implants, a surface area of a support surface, such as the primary and/or secondary support surface, of one of the one or more support elements is at least 10% of a projected coronal surface area of the dental implant. The projected coronal surface area of the dental implant can herein be seen as the area defined by a cross-section of the dental implant arranged perpendicular to the main axis of the dental implant at the widest section of the dental implant, when the dental implant is seen from the coronal end of the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant is configured to have a passive- fit within the bone cavity. Having a passive-fit herein means that the dental implant, such as an apical part of the dental implant, has a width equal to or slightly smaller than the bone cavity. This configuration enables insertion of the dental implant into the bone cavity without the application of excessive force and allows for post-insertion adjustment and precise positioning of the dental implant within the bone cavity. To facilitate such placement, the one or more support elements of the dental implant may be dimensioned to engage the walls of the bone cavity, while still allowing the dental implant to be rotated into its final position without damaging the surrounding bone. The disclosed dental implants may thereby reduce pressure on a cortical bone. The cortical bone is a dense, rigid outer layer of bone tissue that forms a hard protective shell and provides structural support and strength. By minimizing stress on the cortical bone during insertion and seating of the dental implant, the risk of bone resorption, such as a loss of bone mass close to the bone cavity, may be reduced, contributing to improved long-term implant stability and preservation of the bone architecture.

In one or more example dental implants, the primary support surface and/or the secondary support surface is a radial surface, such as a radial surface of the dental implant. A radial surface can herein be seen as a surface having a surface normal perpendicular to a radius of the dental implant, such as the implant body.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements, such as the first support element, have/has a boundary surface arranged between the primary surface and the secondary surface. In one or more example dental implants, the boundary surface is a tangential surface of the implant body, such as a surface having a surface normal in a radial direction of the dental implant, such as the implant body. The boundary surface of the one or more support element(s) may be substantially parallel to the main axis of the dental implant or be arranged at an angle, such as a support element taper angle (QSET), relative to the main axis. The boundary surface of the one or more support element(s) may thus be inclined with regards to the main axis of the dental implant, so that a distance from the main axis to the boundary surface is larger at the coronal end than at the apical end of the boundary surface.

In one or more example dental implants, the boundary surface comprises indentations. The indentations may be oriented towards the main axis. In other words, the boundary surface may be at a distance from the main axis that varies over the length of the main axis. The indentations may be concave, square, and/or triangular. The boundary surface may thus have a wave form, such as a sine wave form, a square wave form, and/or a triangle wave form. The indentations may be configured to receive the bioadhesive composition, so that the bioadhesive composition engages the indentations. In one or more example dental implants, the boundary surface of the support element curves at the apical end of the dental implant, so that the boundary surface forms the tangential surface parallel to the main axis of the implant body and a base surface at the apical end of the implant body. The depth of the indentations may be in the range of 25- 100% of the height of the one or more support element(s). The height of the one or more support element(s) can herein be seen as the distance from the boundary surface to the bioadhesive composition contacting surface in a direction perpendicular to the main axis of the dental implant. When the depth of the indentations is 100% of the height of the support element, the support element can be seen as a non-continuous support element, such that the support element comprises a plurality of separate sub-portions. The plurality of separate sub-portions of the support element may be parallel and aligned.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support element(s) is/are arranged, at least partly, at the apical end of the dental implant. The one or more support element(s) may be arranged on a part of the dental implant contacting the bioadhesive composition, such as a part of the dental implant configured to be in contact with and adhere to the bioadhesive composition upon the dental implant being inserted into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket. The part of the dental implant in contact with the bioadhesive composition is typically an apical part of the dental implant, such as a part of the dental implant extending from the apical end of the dental implant towards the coronal end.

In one or more example dental implants, a coronal end of the dental implant is cylindrical.

In one or more example dental implants, the coronal end of the dental implant is multi-sided, such as may have a triangular shape, a quadrilateral shape, a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, a heptagonal shape, an octagonal shape, etc. The multi-sided shape of the coronal end may be used for securing the dental implant to one or more tools used for positioning the dental implant into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket.

In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant comprises a plurality of support elements, such as a second, a third, a fourth, or further support elements. In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant has less than five support elements, such as one, two, three or four support elements. In one or more example dental implants, the plurality of support elements are equidistantly, such as symmetrically, distributed around the longitudinal axis. Equidistantly distributed can herein be seen as each of the plurality of support elements being arranged at the same distance from a neighbouring support element. In other words, the plurality support elements may be separated by an angular distance of 3607N, where N is the number of support elements arranged on the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the number of support elements arranged on the dental implant are in the range of N=1-5. By reducing the number of support elements on the dental implant to between one and five, wider gaps between the support elements may be provided, thereby creating increased space for the introduction and stabilization of the bioadhesive composition within the bone cavity. A wider gap between the support elements herein means that the surface area of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface between two support elements increases, thereby increasing the contact surface between the dental implant and the bioadhesive composition. This may improve the strength of the bond between the dental implant and the bioadhesive composition.

In one or more example dental implants, the plurality of support elements are unequally, such as non-equidistantly or asymmetrically, distributed around the circumference of the implant body. In other words, the distance between two adjacent support elements does not have to be the same. For example, if the dimension of the dental implant is to be reduced in a certain direction, such as due to the bone in which the dental implant is to be implanted being narrow, the position of the support elements may be adapted to avoid or reduce the protrusion in that direction.

In one or more example dental implants, the implant body has a cylindrical shape along the main axis. In other words, the bioadhesive composition contacting surface can be seen as a flat surface extending substantially parallel to the main axis from the apical end of the implant body towards the coronal end. The cylindrical implant body can be made narrower than the conical or concave shape, which is advantageous in a narrow osteotomy where a neighboring tooth, such as roots of the neighboring tooth, are close to the bone cavity, such as the extraction socket, in which the dental implant is to be inserted with the bioadhesive composition.

In one or more example dental implants, the implant body has a tapered shape, such as a conical shape, along the main axis. In other words, the bioadhesive composition contacting surface can be seen as a flat surface tapering outwards in relation to the main axis from the apical end of the implant body towards the coronal end.

In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant, such as the implant body of the dental implant, has a concave shape along the main axis. The concave shape can herein be characterized as a tapered concave shape, wherein the implant body gradually narrows from the coronal end toward the apical end. In other words, the bioadhesive composition contacting surface can be seen as a concave surface tapering outwardly with respect to the main axis from the apical end of the implant body towards the coronal end. The average inclination of this surface relative to the main axis may be referred to as the mean body taper angle (OBT).

The body taper angle, such as the mean body taper angle, can herein be seen as the angle of an imaginary straight line connecting the most apical and the most coronal point of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface.

The conical and/or concave shape of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface, may facilitate a desirable pressure distribution profile on a bioadhesive composition during insertion of the dental implant into the bioadhesive composition. The conical and/or concave shape transfers a longitudinal pressure applied on the coronal end in the apical direction to a non-longitudinal pressure, such as a radial pressure or a pressure component in a direction between the radial direction and the longitudinal direction. The pressure distribution profile increases the pressure exerted on the bioadhesive composition in a radial direction and in a longitudinal direction.

The conical and/or concave shape causes a faster change in volume available for the bioadhesive composition compared to a strictly conical shape implant when the implant is inserted into the bioadhesive composition and the bioadhesive composition is provided in an enclosed space such as a bone cavity, or an extraction socket. The change in volume causes a pressurizing and compacting effect on the bioadhesive composition, which enhances the interaction between the bioadhesive composition and the contacting surface of the implant.

In one or more examples, the body taper angle of the conical and/or concave bioadhesive composition contacting surface is larger, such as has a steeper angulation with regards to the main axis, than the support element taper angle of the support element(s), such as the boundary surface of the support element(s).

The concave shape of the bioadhesive composition contacting surfaces further increases the surface area of the dental implant compared to a straight surface, such as compared to a dental implant having a strictly conical shape. Thereby, the contact surface between the bioadhesive composition and the dental implant can be increased without increasing the overall footprint of the dental implant, thus increasing the stability and the strength between the bioadhesive composition and the dental implant upon curing of the bioadhesive composition.

In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant, such as the bioadhesive composition contacting surface, has a wider radius at a coronal end of the first primary surface than at the apical end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface, so that the dental implant has a substantially conical shape. Upon insertion of the dental implant into the bioadhesive composition, the conical shape of the dental implant exerts a pressure on the bioadhesive composition causing the bioadhesive composition to be compacted and evenly spread around the dental implant. By compacting the bioadhesive composition, the bioadhesive composition and the dental implant become strongly bonded.

In one or more examples according to the current disclosure, the bioadhesive composition is a bioadhesive composition comprising a calcium phosphate. Said bioadhesive is suitable for dental procedures and can be used to reach primary and/or secondary stability of a dental implant and/or tooth replacement when placed into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket. In one or more examples according to the current disclosure, the bioadhesive composition comprises an organic phosphate compound, as well as calcium phosphate.

As used herein, the term organic phosphate compound refers to an organic compound comprising a phospho-amino acid moiety, for example, but not limited to phosphoserine or a phosphoserine derivative. As used herein the term phosphoserine derivative refers to a compound with a phosphoserine like skeleton. Illustrative examples of organic phosphate compounds include, but not limited to, phosphoserine, phosphoserine derivatives such as a phosphoserine polymer, a phosphoserine oligomer, phosphoserine-ethyleneglycol- diglycidyl-phosphoserine, as well as distinct phospho amino acid moieties like tyrosine phosphate, and threonine phosphate.

More specifically, the disclosure applies to bioadhesive compositions comprising calcium phosphate for use as described herein. In one or more examples according to the current disclosure, the bioadhesive composition comprises an organic phosphate compound as well as calcium phosphate. Typically, the composition may comprise phosphoserine as well as calcium phosphate.

In one or more examples according to the current disclosure, the composition comprises a calcium phosphate selected from the group consisting of hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate, tetracalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and combinations thereof. In a currently preferred embodiment, the calcium phosphate is tetracalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, or combinations thereof.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements comprise a plurality of support elements having a primary support surface and a secondary support surface, respectively. The plurality of support elements may comprise the first support element and a second support element, the second support element having a second primary support surface and a second secondary support surface.

The second support element extends along the main axis and has a second primary support surface and a second secondary support surface. The bioadhesive composition contacting surface may thus be separated into a first bioadhesive composition contacting surface and a second bioadhesive composition contacting surface. The first bioadhesive composition contacting surface may extend between the first primary support surface and the second secondary support surface. The second bioadhesive composition contacting surface may extend between the second primary support surface and an adjacent secondary support surface. The adjacent secondary support surface may be a secondary support surface of an adjacent support element. For example, a dental implant having two support elements, the adjacent secondary support surface may be the first secondary support surface of the first support element. For a dental implant having more than two support elements, the adjacent secondary support surface may be the third secondary support surface of the third support element. Correspondingly, first, second, third, etc., denote surfaces arranged adjacent to each other along the circumference of the dental implant. In other words, a first bioadhesive composition contacting surface is arranged adjacent to a second bioadhesive composition contacting surface around the longitudinal axis of the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements is/are arranged at the apical end of the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements is/are arranged at the coronal end of the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements extend from the apical end towards the coronal end over at least 50% of the length, such as at least 75% of the length of the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more protruding support elements are solid elements. The term solid element refers to an element comprising a continuous surface and comprising no perforations, cavities, void spaces, recesses, holes and/or bores.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more protruding support elements and/or the implant body, such as a core of the dental implant, may be perforated. Perforated can herein be seen as comprising one or more recesses, cavities, void spaces, holes, and/or bores, in the outer surface of the core and/or the one or more support elements. The recesses, cavities, void spaces, holes, and/or bores may be configured for receiving the bioadhesive composition. This can further increase the primary stability of the dental implant once the bioadhesive composition has cured. In addition, the bioadhesive composition present in said recesses, cavities, void spaces, holes, and/or bores will ultimately slowly disappear in favour of the newly grown bone, thus providing increased secondary stability of the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the radius of the dental implant is larger at a coronal end of the conical and/or concave bioadhesive composition contacting surface than at an apical end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface. In one or more example dental implants, an outer surface of the dental implant, such as of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface, is threadless. The dental implant is thus not configured to be threaded into a jawbone, but rather configured to be secured to the jawbone once bonded with the bioadhesive composition. In a similar manner, the dental implant is not configured to be hammered into the jawbone, but rather configured to be secured to the jawbone once bonded with the bioadhesive composition.

In one or more example dental implants, such as when the plurality of support elements comprise a third support element having a third primary support surface and a third secondary support surface, the second bioadhesive composition contacting surface, may extend between the primary support surface of the second support element, such as between the second primary support surface, and the secondary support surface of the third support element, such as the third secondary support surface.

In one or more example dental implants, the one or more support elements are protruding from the implant body. In other words, the support elements may protrude from an outer surface, so that the first primary support surface and the first secondary support surface face away from each other, when seen from the shortest angular distance between the first primary support surface and the first secondary support surface. The protruding support element is configured to prevent a rotation of the dental implant around the main axis, when inserted into the bioadhesive composition, by allowing the bioadhesive composition to surround the support member and contact the first primary support surface and the first secondary support surface. Upon curing of the bioadhesive composition, the bioadhesive composition will create a form fit with the recessed support element which prevents a rotation of the dental implant.

In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant has a substantially solid core. Substantially solid can herein be seen as the core being solid except for a receptacle for receiving a secondary body.

In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant may have a perforated core and/or support element(s). Perforated can herein be seen as comprising one or more recesses, cavities, void spaces, holes, and/or bores, in the outer surface of the core and/or the one or more support elements. The recesses, cavities, void spaces, holes, and/or bores may be configured for receiving the bioadhesive composition. This can further increase the stability of the dental implant once the bioadhesive composition has cured. In addition, the bioadhesive composition present in said recesses, cavities, void spaces, holes, and/or bores will ultimately slowly disappear in favour of the newly grown bone, thus providing increased secondary stability of the dental implant. The material of the dental implant or dental structure may be made of titanium, titanium alloys, ceramic, glass ceramic, zirconia, zirconia alloys, titanium-zirconium alloy, chrome, cobalt, cobalt-chrome alloy, or porcelain. The material of the dental implant or dental structure are preferably made of titanium, titanium alloys or titanium-zirconium alloy. Most preferably, the material of the dental implant or dental structure is made of titanium, or titanium alloys.

Figs. 1A to 1 D illustrate an example dental implant 1 according to the current disclosure. Fig 1A shows a perspective view of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 1 B shows a cross section view along the main axis Xi_, such as the longitudinal axis, of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 1C shows a side view of the example dental implant 1 , and Fig. 1 D shows a side view from the apical end along the main axis of the example dental implant 1. The dental implant 1 may be configured to be used together with a bioadhesive composition to secure the dental implant to a socket (such as a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket) or a tissue (such as a tissue of a subject). The dental implant 1 comprises an implant body 10 having a main axis XL extending from a coronal end 11 to an apical end 12 of the implant body 10. The dental implant 1 comprises a receptacle 13 for receiving a secondary body, such as a crown, or an adapter, such as an abutment or a healing cap, or a scanbody. The receptacle 13 may comprise threads 13A for receiving the secondary body. The threads 13A may be arranged on an inner surface of the receptacle 13. The implant body 10 has a bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 extending in a first angular range about the main axis XL. The first angular range may be less than 359 degrees. In the example dental implant shown in Fig. 1A-1 D, the primary bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is concave along the main axis XL. The bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 may however also be straight surface being parallel to or slanted towards the main axis XL. When the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is a straight surface parallel to the main axis XL, the apical part of the implant body 10 is cylindrical. Being slanted towards can herein be seen as being arranged at an angle different than 0° to the main axis XL. When the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is a straight surface slanted towards the main axis XL, the apical part of the implant body 10 is conical. The concave and/or the conical shape of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 may facilitate a desirable pressure distribution profile on a bioadhesive composition during insertion of the dental implant into the bioadhesive composition. The concave and/or the conical shape of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 transfers a longitudinal pressure applied on the coronal end in the apical direction to a non-longitudinal pressure, such as radial pressure or a pressure component in a direction between the radial direction and the longitudinal direction. The pressure distribution profile increases the pressure exerted on the bioadhesive composition in a radial direction and in a longitudinal direction. The concave shape may further increase the change in volume available for the bioadhesive composition compared to the conical shape implant when the implant is inserted into the bioadhesive composition and the bioadhesive composition is provided in an enclosed space such as a bone cavity. The change in volume causes a pressurizing and compacting effect on the bioadhesive composition, which enhances the interaction between the bioadhesive composition and the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14. In one or more example dental implants, the dental implant 1 has a wider radius Rci at the coronal end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 than the radius RAI at the apical end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14. In other words, the radius of the dental implant 1 may be larger at a coronal end 14A of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 than at an apical end 14B of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14. Upon insertion of the dental implant 1 into the bioadhesive composition, due to the dental implant being wider at the coronal end of the first bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 than at the apical end of the first bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14, the dental implant exerts a pressure on the bioadhesive composition causing the bioadhesive composition to be compacted and evenly spread around the dental implant. Thus, the interaction between the bioadhesive composition and the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is improved, and ultimately leading to the bioadhesive composition and the dental implant being strongly bonded. The dental implant 1 further comprises a top part 30. The top part 30 is arranged at the coronal end 11 of the dental implant 1. In the example dental implant shown in Figs 1 A-1 D, the top part 30 is configured as a tissue level top part 30A, which allows, for example, to deal with the addition or the removal of parts without disturbing the soft tissue. In the example dental implant shown in Figs. 1A to 1 D, the dental implant 1 has one, such as a single, support element 20, such as the first support element 20A. The one or more support elements 20, such as the first support element 20A, is configured to prevent rotation of the dental implant 1 when the dental implant 1 is inserted into the bioadhesive composition. The first support element 20A has a primary support surface 21A and a secondary support surface 22A. In the example dental implant shown in Figs. 1A to 1 D, the primary support surface 21 A and the secondary support surface 22A are radial surfaces. In other words, the primary support surface 21A and the secondary support surface 22A are surfaces having a surface normal perpendicular to the radial direction of the dental implant 1 , such as in a tangential direction of the dental implant 1. The first primary support surface 21 A and the first secondary support surface 22A are configured to contact the bioadhesive composition and to create a form fit with the bioadhesive composition, thereby locking the dental implant in relation to the bioadhesive composition and preventing the rotation of the dental implant 1 in relation to the bioadhesive composition. The support surfaces, such as the primary support surface 21 A and the secondary support surface 22A of the first support element 20A and the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 are configured to define a bioadhesive composition retention chamber for accommodating and retaining the bioadhesive composition upon insertion of the dental implant into a bone cavity comprising the bioadhesive composition.

By providing the dental implant 1 with a combination of support elements and bioadhesive composition contacting surfaces being separated by an edge, undesired movement of the dental implant in a longitudinal direction and tangential direction, such as a rotation of the dental implant 1 around the main axis, can be prevented. The one or more support elements 20 may extend, at least partly, in parallel to the main axis of the dental implant 1 , such as in a longitudinal direction of the dental implant 1. In the example shown in Figs. 1A-1 D the primary support surface 21 , such as the first primary support surface 21 A, and the secondary support surface 22, such as the first secondary support surface 22A, are connected via a boundary surface 23, such as a first boundary surface 23A. The boundary surface 23 may be a substantially tangential surface of the implant body 10. A tangential surface can herein be seen as a surface having a normal, such as a surface normal, in the radial direction R of the dental implant 1. The boundary surface 23 of the support element 20 may be the widest part of the dental implant 1 , such as the part of the dental implant where the radius is the largest. The boundary surface 23 of the support element 20 may curve at the apical end of the dental implant 1 , so that the boundary surface 23 forms a tangential surface 23' parallel to the main axis XL of the implant body 10 and a base surface 23” at the apical end of the implant body 10. In other words, the one or more support elements 20 may comprise a first part 20’ having the tangential surface 23’ extending in parallel with the main axis XL of the dental implant 1 . The one or more support elements 20 may further comprise a second part 20” having the base surface 23” extending in parallel to a radial direction of the dental implant 1. The second part 20” of the support element having the base surface 23” may be arranged at the apical end 12 of the dental implant. The boundary surface 23 of the one or more support elements 20 may further comprise a third part 20’”, such as a connecting surface 23’”, connecting the tangential surface 23’ of the first part 20’ with the base surface 23” of the second part 20”. The connecting surface 23’” of the third part 20’” may be curved, such as rounded. By making the third part 20’”, such as the connecting surface 23’”, curved, the insertion of the dental implant 1 into the bioadhesive composition can be facilitated. Although the tangential surface 23' is depicted as being parallel to the main axis XL in Figs. 1A-1 D, the tangential surface may alternatively be oriented at an angle relative to the main axis XL, such as at an angle different to 0 degrees, which is described in further detail in Fig. 5. This angle may herein be referred to as a support element taper angle.

Figs. 2A to 2L illustrate example support elements having indentations and example implant bodies according to the current disclosure. In the following, Figs. 2A, 2E and 2I show a perspective view of the respective example dental implant, Figs. 2B, 2F, and 2J show a cross section view along the main axis XL, such as the longitudinal axis, of the respective example dental implant, Figs. 2C, 2G, and 2K show a side view of the respective example dental implant 1 , and Figs. 2D, 2H, and 2L show a side view from the apical end along the main axis of the respective example dental implant 1. In one or more example dental implants, the boundary surface 23 of the one or more support elements 20 may have one or more indentations 24. The one or more indentations 24 may be indented towards the main axis XL. In other words, the boundary surface 23 may have a distance from the main axis XL that varies over the length of the main axis XL. The one or more indentations 24 may be concave, square, and/or triangular. The boundary surface 23 may thus have a wave form, such as a sine wave form, a square wave form, and/or a triangle wave form. The depth of the indentations 24 may be in the range of 25-100% of the height of the support element 20. The height of the one or more support element(s) can herein be seen as the protrusion of the support element 20 from the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 in a direction perpendicular to the main axis of the dental implant, such as in a radial direction of the dental implant 1. Upon placing the dental implant 1 and the bioadhesive composition into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket, the bioadhesive composition can enter the one or more indentations 24 of the boundary surface 23 of the support element 20. Upon curing of the bioadhesive composition, the bioadhesive composition creates a form fit with the one or more indentations 24, for securing the dental implant 1 in a longitudinal direction. The one or more indentations 24 can thus provide a longitudinal securing of the dental implant 1 to the bioadhesive composition in addition to the rotational securing provided by the primary support surface 21 and the secondary support surface 22 of the support element 20.

Figs. 2A-2D show an example dental implant 1 having a concave implant body 10, such as having a concave bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14. This example implant body corresponds to the implant body of Figs. 1A-1 D, 3A-3D, and 4A-4D. The coronal end of the concave bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is arranged further from the main axis than the apical end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14. The coronal end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 may for example be arranged at a first distance Rci, while the apical end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is arranged at a second distance RAI from the main axis XL. The example dental implant 1 of Figs. 2A-2D has a first support element 20A having a plurality of indentations 24 in the boundary surface 23, such as in the first boundary surface 23A. In the example dental implant 1 of Figs. 2A-2D, the indentations 24 are square indentations 24A. In other words, the boundary surface 23 can be seen as having a square waveform, where a distance between the boundary surface 23 and the main axis XL varies over the length of the main axis XL with a square waveform. The square indentations 24A provide a sharp transition between the boundary surface 23 and the indentations 24, such that an inner surface of the square indentation is arranged substantially perpendicular to the main axis XL, which may improve the engagement of the bioadhesive composition with the indentations 24A in a longitudinal direction of the dental implant 1.

Figs. 2E-2H show an example dental implant 1 having a conical implant body 10, such as having a conical bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14. In the conical implant body of Figs. 2E-2H, the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is a straight surface being slanted towards to the main axis XL. Being slanted towards can herein be seen as being arranged at an angle different than 0° to the main axis XL. AS for the example dental implant of Figs. 2A-2D, the coronal end of the conical bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14A is also arranged further from the main axis than the apical end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14B. The coronal end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14A may for example be arranged at a first distance Rci while the apical end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14B is arranged at a second distance RAI from the main axis XL. In the example dental implant 1 of Figs. 2E- 2H, the indentations 24 have a concave shape, such as are concave indentations 24B. In other words, the boundary surface 23 can be seen as having a sine wave form, such as a half sine wave form, where a distance between the boundary surface 23 and the main axis XL varies over the length of the main axis XL with the sine wave form. By making the indentations concave the transition between the boundary surface 23 and the respective indentation 24 can be made smoother which can improve the flow characteristics of the bioadhesive composition into the indentations 24, which allows for easier filing of the indentations 24 with the bioadhesive composition upon insertion of the dental implant 1 and the bioadhesive composition into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket.

Figs. 2I-2L show an example dental implant 1 having a cylindrical implant body 10. In other words, the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is a straight surface that is arranged substantially parallel to the main axis XL. In this example dental implant, the radius RAI of the apical end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14B is the same as the radius Rci for the coronal end of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14A. The apical part of the implant body 10 may thus be cylindrical. In the example dental implant 1 of Figs. 2I-2L, the indentations 24 have a triangular shape, such as are triangular indentations 24C. In other words, the boundary surface 23 can be seen as having a triangular wave form, where a distance between the boundary surface 23 and the main axis XL varies over the length of the main axis XL with the triangular wave form. By making the indentations triangular the transition between the boundary surface 23 and the respective indentation 24 can be made smoother which can improve the flow characteristics of the bioadhesive composition into the indentations 24, which allows for easier filing of the indentations 24 with the bioadhesive composition upon insertion of the dental implant 1 and the bioadhesive composition into a bone cavity, such as an extraction socket.

It should be noted that the different shape of indentations, such as the square shape, the concave shape, and the triangle shape, are alternative shapes and are not restricted to a specific implant body shape. In other words, any one of the example indentations 24A, 24B, 24C, can be combined with any one of the concave implant body, the conical implant body, and the cylindrical implant body.

Figs. 3A to 3D illustrate an example dental implant 1 according to the current disclosure having two support elements and a first and a second bioadhesive composition contacting surface. Fig 3A shows a perspective view of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 3B shows a cross section view along the main axis of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 3C shows a side view of the example dental implant 1 , and Fig. 3D shows a side view from the apical end along the main axis of the example dental implant 1. In the example dental implant shown in Figs. 3A to 3D, the dental implant 1 comprises two support elements 20, such as a first support element 20A and a second support element 20B. The first support element and the second support element have a primary support surface 21 and a secondary support surface 22, respectively. In other words, the first support element 20A has a first primary support surface 21A and a first secondary support surface 22A. The first primary support surface 21A and the first secondary support surface 22A are connected via a first boundary surface 23A. The second support element 20B has a second primary support surface 21 B and a second secondary support surface 22B. The second primary support surface 21 B and the second secondary support surface 22B are connected via a second boundary surface 23B. In the example shown in Figs. 3A-3D, the first support element 20A and the second support element 20B are equidistantly distributed, such as symmetrically distributed, around the main axis XL of the implant body 10 of the dental implant 1 , such as equally distributed around the circumference of the implant body 10. The first support element 20A and the second support element 20B are thus separated by an angle of 180°. Due to the dental implant comprising two support elements, the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is separated into two surfaces, such as a first bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14’ and a second bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14”. The first bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14’ is arranged between the first primary support surface 21A of the first support element 20A and the second secondary support surface 22B of the second support element 20B. The second bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14” is arranged between the second primary support surface 21 B of the second support element 20B and the first secondary support surface 22A of the first support element 20A. Although shown with concave bioadhesive composition contacting surface(s) 14 in the example of Figs. 3A-3D, the example dental implant 1 of Figs. 3A-3D may have a conical or cylindrical implant body as disclosed in Figs. 2E-2L. Furthermore, the first support element 20A and/or the second support element 20B may comprise indentations in accordance with any one of the examples disclosed in Figs. 2A-2L.

Figs. 4A to 4D illustrate an example dental implant 1 according to the current disclosure having three support elements and a first bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14’, a second bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14”, and a third bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14”’. Fig. 4A shows a perspective view of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 4B shows a cross section view along the main axis XL of the example dental implant 1 , Fig. 4C shows a side view of the example dental implant 1 , and Fig. 4D shows a side view from the apical end along the main axis XL of the example dental implant 1. In the example dental implant shown in Figs. 4A to 4D, the dental implant 1 comprises three support elements 20, such as a first support element 20A, a second support element 20B, and a third support element 20C. The first support element 20A, the second support element 20B, and the third support element 20C have a primary support surface 21 and a secondary support surface 22, respectively. In other words, the first support element 20A has a first primary support surface 21A and a first secondary support surface 22A. The first primary support surface 21 A and the first secondary support surface 22A are connected via a first boundary surface 23A. The second support element 20B has a second primary support surface 21 B and a second secondary support surface 22B. The second primary support surface 21 B and the second secondary support surface 22B are connected via a second boundary surface 23B. The third support element 20C has a third primary support surface 21 C and a third secondary support surface 22C. The third primary support surface 21 C and the third secondary support surface 22C are connected via a third boundary surface 23C. The primary support surface 21A-21C and the respective secondary support surface 22A-22C of each support element 20A-20C face each other, when seen from the shortest angular distance between the first primary support surface 21A-21C and the first secondary support surface 22A-22C. The protruding support elements 20A-20D are configured to prevent a rotation of the dental implant 1 around the main axis XL, when contacted with the bioadhesive composition. Upon curing of the bioadhesive composition, the bioadhesive composition creates a form fit with the protruding support element(s) 20A- 20C which prevents a rotation of the dental implant 1. In the example shown in Figs. 4A- 4D, the first support element 20A, the second support element 20B, and the third support element 20C are equidistantly distributed, such as symmetrically distributed, around the main axis XL of the implant body 10 of the dental implant 1 , such as equally distributed around the circumference of the implant body 10. The first support element 20A, the second support element 20B, and the third support element 20C are thus separated by an angle of 120°. Due to the dental implant comprising three support elements 20A-20C, the primary bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 is separated into three surfaces, such as a first bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14’, a second bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14”, and a third bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14”’. The first bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14’ is arranged between the first bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 21A of the first support element 20A and the second secondary support surface 22B of the second support element 20B. The second bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14” is arranged between the second primary support surface 21 B of the second support element 20B and the third secondary support surface 22C of the third support element 20A. The third bioadhesive composition contacting surface part 14’” is arranged between the third primary support surface 21C of the third support element 20C and the first secondary support surface 22A of the first support element 20A. Although shown with concave bioadhesive composition contacting surface(s) 14 in the example of Figs. 4A-4D, the example dental implant 1 of Figs. 4A-4D may have a conical or cylindrical implant body as disclosed in Figs. 2E-2L. Furthermore, the first support element 20A, the second support element 20B, and/or the third support element 20C may comprise indentations in accordance with any one of the examples disclosed in Figs. 2A-2L.

Although, shown with only primary concave support surface(s) 14 in the example of Figs. 4A-4D, the example dental implant 1 having two support elements 20A, 20B may also be combined with secondary concave support surface(s), and/or tertiary support surface(s) in accordance with the example dental implant 1 of Figs. 2A-2B.

Fig. 5 illustrates the body taper angle a_BT of the implant body 10, such as the taper of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 of the implant body 10, and a support element taper angle a_SET of the boundary surface 23 of the support element 20, both defined relative to the main axis XL of the implant body 10. The body taper angle a_BT may represent either the angle of a straight conical bioadhesive composition contacting surface (not depicted in Figure 5), or alternatively, the mean body taper angle of the illustrated concave bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14. The mean body taper angle can be defined as the angle between an imaginary straight line extending from the most apical point 142 and the most coronal point 141 of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 and the main axis XL.

The boundary surface 23, such as the tangential surface 23’, of the support element 20 is arranged at the support element taper angle a_SET relative to the main axis XL. The support element taper angle a_SET may range from 0° up to, but not including, the body taper angle a_BT (i.e., 0° < a_SET < a_BT). Accordingly, the boundary surface 23, such as the tangential surface 23’, of the support element 20 may be arranged substantially parallel to the main axis XL of the dental implant 1 , as shown in Fig. 5, or inclined at a taper angle greater than 0° but less steep than, such as at an angle less than, the body taper angle a_BT. As such, the boundary surface 23, 23’ of the support element 20 may be inclined with regards to the main axis XL, such that a radial distance from the main axis XL to the boundary surface 23, 23’ is larger at the coronal end than at the apical end of the boundary surface.

Consequently, the mean body taper angle a_BT of the concave bioadhesive composition contacting surface 14 of Fig. 5 is greater, such as has a steeper angulation relative to the main axis XL, than the support element taper angle a_SET of the support element 20, such as of the boundary surface 23 of the support element 20.

It shall be noted that the features mentioned in the embodiments described in Figs. 2A-2L are not restricted to these specific embodiments. Any features relating to the support elements and/or the implant body and/or the bioadhesive composition contacting surface, and any features related thereto and mentioned in relation to the dental implant of Figs. 2A- 2L, such as the shape of the indentations on the support elements, dimensions, the number and/or the combination of the support elements and/or shape of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface, are thus also applicable to the dental implants described in relation to Figs. 1 A-1 D, 3A-3D, and 4A-4D. Any features relating to the body taper angle a_BT of the implant body, such as the taper of the bioadhesive composition contacting surface of the implant body, and the support element taper angle a_SET of the boundary surface of the support element, as illustrated in Fig. 5, are also applicable to the dental implants disclosed in Figs. 2A-2H, and 3A-4D. The use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not imply any particular order but are included to identify individual elements. Moreover, the use of the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. does not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Note that the words “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth”, “primary”, “secondary”, “tertiary” etc. are used here and elsewhere for labelling purposes only and are not intended to denote any specific spatial or temporal ordering. Furthermore, the labelling of a first element does not imply the presence of a second element and vice versa.

It is to be noted that the word "comprising" does not necessarily exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed.

It is to be noted that the words "a" or "an" preceding an element do not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.

Although features have been shown and described, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the claimed disclosure, and it will be made obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claimed disclosure. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. The claimed disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

Claims

1. A dental implant, the dental implant comprising:

- an implant body having a main axis extending from a coronal end to an apical end of the implant body;

- a receptacle for receiving a secondary body; and

- one or more support elements, wherein the one or more support elements are arranged on and protrude from the implant body and comprise a first support element and having a primary support surface and a secondary support surface extending along the main axis, the implant body having a bioadhesive composition contacting surface arranged between the primary support surface and the secondary support surface of the first support element.

2. The dental implant according to claim 1 , wherein the first support element protrudes from the implant body over at least 15% of a length of the implant body extending along the main axis.

3. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the first support element protrudes from the implant body with at least 0,5 mm in a radial direction of the implant body.

4. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the primary support surface and/or the secondary support surface is a radial surface.

5. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the support element has a boundary surface arranged between the primary surface and the secondary surface.

6. The dental implant according to claim 5, wherein the boundary surface comprises indentations.

7. The dental implant according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the boundary surface is a tangential surface of the implant body.

8. The dental implant according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the boundary surface of the support element curves at the apical end of the dental implant, so that the boundary surface forms the tangential surface parallel to the main axis of the implant body and a base surface at the apical end of the implant body.

9. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the one or more support elements is/are arranged at the apical end of the dental implant.

10. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the one or more support elements extend between the apical end and the coronal end over at least 20% of the length of the dental implant.

11 . The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein a coronal end of the dental implant is cylindrical.

12. The dental implant according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein a coronal end of the dental implant is multi-sided.

13. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the dental implant comprises a plurality of support elements.

14. The dental implant according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of support elements are equidistantly distributed around the longitudinal axis.

15. The dental implant according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of support elements are unequally distributed around the circumference of the implant body.

16. The dental implant according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the implant body has conical shape, a cylindrical shape, or a concave shape along the main axis.