WO2025264013A1 - Procédé et appareil d'émission de signal de synchronisation pour réseau terrestre et réseau non terrestre - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil d'émission de signal de synchronisation pour réseau terrestre et réseau non terrestre

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Publication number
WO2025264013A1
WO2025264013A1 PCT/KR2025/008506 KR2025008506W WO2025264013A1 WO 2025264013 A1 WO2025264013 A1 WO 2025264013A1 KR 2025008506 W KR2025008506 W KR 2025008506W WO 2025264013 A1 WO2025264013 A1 WO 2025264013A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
synchronization signal
synchronization
block
symbol
signal symbol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/KR2025/008506
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
박한준
이승민
황대성
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LG Electronics Inc
Original Assignee
LG Electronics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LG Electronics Inc filed Critical LG Electronics Inc
Publication of WO2025264013A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025264013A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/08—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
    • H04W48/08—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery
    • H04W48/10—Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery using broadcasted information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.
  • 5G NR the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability.
  • 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.
  • the 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities.
  • the vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below.
  • Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.
  • a method that can be performed by a first device includes: receiving a first synchronization signal block from a second device; and performing wireless communication based on the first synchronization signal block, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and the first synchronization signal block can be used for non-terrestrial network-based communication.
  • a first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions.
  • the instructions based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: receive a first synchronization signal block from a second device; and perform wireless communication based on the first synchronization signal block, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and the first synchronization signal block may be used for non-terrestrial network-based communication.
  • a processing device configured to control a first device.
  • the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions.
  • the instructions based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: receive a first synchronization signal block from a second device; and perform wireless communication based on the first synchronization signal block, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and the first synchronization signal block may be used for non-terrestrial network-based communication.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided.
  • the instructions when executed, cause a first device to: receive a first synchronization signal block from a second device; and perform wireless communication based on the first synchronization signal block, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and the first synchronization signal block can be used for non-terrestrial network-based communication.
  • a method that can be performed by a second device includes: transmitting a first synchronization signal block to a first device; and performing wireless communication with the first device, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and based on the first device having a capability of performing non-terrestrial network-based communication, the wireless communication can be performed based on the first synchronization signal block, and based on the first device not having a capability of performing non-terrestrial network-based communication, the wireless communication can be performed based on a second synchronization signal block in which the second synchronization signal symbol is excluded from the first synchronization signal block.
  • a second device may be provided.
  • the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions.
  • the instructions based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit a first synchronization signal block to a first device; And perform wireless communication with the first device, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and based on the first device having a capability of performing non-terrestrial network-based communication, the wireless communication may be performed based on the first synchronization signal block, and based on the first device not having a capability of performing non-terrestrial network-based communication, the wireless communication may be performed based on a second synchronization signal block in which the second
  • Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates components of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) of transparent payloads according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • Figure 9 shows the structure of a synchronization signal block according to the existing technology.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the structure of a new synchronization signal block that can be used in non-terrestrial network communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a or B can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.”
  • a or B in this disclosure can be interpreted as “A and/or B.”
  • A, B or C in this disclosure can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or "any combination of A, B and C.”
  • a slash (/) or a comma may mean “and/or.”
  • A/B may mean “A and/or B.”
  • A/B may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.”
  • A, B, C may mean “A, B, or C.”
  • “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”
  • “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”
  • parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean “for example.” Specifically, when indicated as “control information (PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information.” In other words, “control information” in the present disclosure is not limited to “PDCCH,” and “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of "control information.” Furthermore, even when indicated as “control information (e.g., PDCCH)", “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of "control information.”
  • the device obtaining information may include the information being (pre-)set to the device, the information being received from another entity to the device, or the device generating the information.
  • higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined.
  • a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal.
  • the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • MAC medium access control
  • setting or defining may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network.
  • predefined signaling e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.
  • setting or defining may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device.
  • predefined signaling e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.
  • a user equipment may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.
  • a base station may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell/node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.
  • RAN radio access network
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • TRP transmission reception point
  • IAB integrated access and backhaul
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single carrier frequency division multiple access
  • CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000.
  • TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications)/GPRS (general packet radio service)/EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution).
  • GSM global system for mobile communications
  • GPRS general packet radio service
  • EDGE enhanced data rates for GSM evolution
  • OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • IEEE 802-20 E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.
  • E-UTRA evolved UTRA
  • LTE long term evolution
  • 5G NR 5G NR
  • 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low latency communications
  • mMTC massive machine-type communication
  • AI artificial intelligence integrated communication
  • tactile internet high throughput
  • high network capacity high energy efficiency
  • low backhaul and access network congestion and enhanced data security.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • a first device and a second device can perform synchronization.
  • the first device can be a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure.
  • the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node/cell, a TRP, a terminal and/or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure.
  • the first device can perform an initial cell search operation.
  • the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule.
  • the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.).
  • the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and/or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).
  • the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device.
  • the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and/or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service.
  • the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc.
  • the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB).
  • MIB master information block
  • SIB system information block
  • the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information.
  • the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.
  • the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure.
  • the first device can transmit and/or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.).
  • system information e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.
  • the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and/or connection establishment.
  • Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and/or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).
  • the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information.
  • the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • MAC media access control
  • PHY physical
  • the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and/or signaling for indicating allocated resources.
  • the control information may be signaled/transmitted via a control channel.
  • the control information and/or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and/or control information on the data channel.
  • the first device and the second device may transmit and/or receive data.
  • the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and/or receive data based on signaling of control information.
  • the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and/or resource mapping on the information bits.
  • the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and/or channel decoding.
  • the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc.
  • a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel
  • an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device.
  • the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication
  • (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication
  • (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication
  • (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.
  • the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels.
  • the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel.
  • data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel.
  • transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface.
  • data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through the physical channel.
  • the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels.
  • the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels.
  • the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel.
  • the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.
  • the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs).
  • SDUs RLC service data units
  • the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM).
  • TM transparent mode
  • UM unacknowledged mode
  • AM acknowledged mode
  • AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).
  • ARQ automatic repeat request
  • the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane.
  • the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers.
  • an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.
  • a first layer e.g., a physical layer
  • a second layer e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.
  • the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering.
  • the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering/integrity protection.
  • establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each.
  • RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs).
  • SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane
  • DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.
  • a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and/or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages.
  • BCH broadcast channel
  • SCH downlink shared channel
  • traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH).
  • MCH downlink multicast channel
  • an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and/or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages.
  • RACH random access channel
  • SCH uplink shared channel
  • a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and/or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).
  • BCCH broadcast control channel
  • PCCH paging control channel
  • CCCH common control channel
  • MCCH multicast control channel
  • MTCH multicast traffic channel
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and/or device-to-device transmission.
  • a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF).
  • a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF).
  • SF subframes
  • a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS).
  • SCS subcarrier spacing
  • each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).
  • each slot can contain 14 symbols.
  • each slot can contain 12 symbols.
  • the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).
  • Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot (N slot symb ), the number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ), and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used.
  • OFDM(A) numerology e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.
  • OFDM(A) numerology e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.
  • the (absolute time) interval of time resources e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)
  • time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.
  • multiple numerologies may be supported to support various services.
  • a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz/60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth.
  • a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain.
  • a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.).
  • a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer).
  • data communication may be performed through an activated BWP.
  • each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.
  • RE resource element
  • a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology.
  • a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.
  • CRBs common resource blocks
  • the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and/or a default BWP.
  • the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell).
  • the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP.
  • the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP.
  • CSI channel state information
  • the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP.
  • the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)).
  • the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure.
  • SIB system information block
  • the default BWP can be set by a higher layer.
  • the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical control channel, etc.
  • PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical shared channel, etc.
  • SL communication may be replaced by device-to-device communication.
  • the SL part may be replaced by "device-to-device.”
  • PUCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with uplink, a physical control channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical control channel, a terminal-to-base station physical control channel, etc.
  • PUSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with uplink, a physical shared channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical shared channel, a terminal-to-base station physical shared channel, etc.
  • UL communication may be replaced by terminal-to-base station communication or device-to-base station communication.
  • the UL part may be replaced by "device-to-base station" or "terminal-to-base station.”
  • PDCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a downlink-related control channel, a downlink-related physical control channel, a base station-to-device physical control channel, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel, etc.
  • PDSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a downlink-related shared channel, a downlink-related physical shared channel, a base station-to-device physical shared channel, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel, etc.
  • DL communication may be replaced by base station-to-device communication or base station-to-terminal communication.
  • the DL part in terms referring to various channels and/or signals related to DL communication may be replaced by "base station-to-device" or "base station-to-terminal.”
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • a common resource block may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP.
  • point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.
  • the BWP can be set by a point A, an offset from point A (N start BWP ), and a bandwidth (N size BWP ).
  • point A can be an outer reference point of a PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns.
  • the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A.
  • the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • FSO free-space optical transmission
  • massive MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • WIET wireless information and energy transfer
  • integration of sensing and communication integration of access backhaul networks
  • holographic beamforming big data analysis
  • big data analysis big data analysis
  • large intelligent surface LIS
  • AI Artificial Intelligence
  • AI can streamline and improve real-time data transmission.
  • AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI.
  • AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications.
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • BCIs brain-computer interfaces
  • AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.
  • THz waves also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm.
  • the 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications.
  • 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band.
  • the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.
  • Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas).
  • the narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference.
  • the small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.
  • FSO backhaul network Free-space optical transmission backhaul network
  • AAM Advanced Air Mobility
  • UAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS).
  • AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).
  • V2X vehicle to everything
  • V2I vehicle to infrastructure
  • NTN Non-terrestrial network
  • RF radio frequency
  • Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and/or objects within the environment.
  • RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments.
  • a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal.
  • a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and/or intensity of the propagating signal.
  • power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas.
  • a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs).
  • HAPS high-altitude platform stations
  • IMT international mobile telecommunications
  • BS base stations
  • AAMs terminals capable of aerial communication
  • devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays.
  • an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and/or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates components of a non-terrestrial network (e.g., NTN) of transparent payloads according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • the embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • Non-terrestrial network e.g., NTN
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • satellites can be broadly divided into two types: transparent payloads (Fig. 8) and regenerative payloads, depending on the characteristics of the payload.
  • roles such as radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification are performed, so that the waveform signal of the transmission payload may not be changed.
  • the functions of frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification may also be performed, in addition to demodulation/decoding, switching and/or routing, and coding/modulation. Therefore, all or part of the base station functions may be considered to be onboard the satellite.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the structure of a synchronization signal block according to the prior art.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • a synchronization signal block (e.g., SSB; synchronization signal block) that can be transmitted by a base station in a wireless communication system and used for a synchronization procedure is shown.
  • SSB synchronization signal block
  • a terminal may need to perform initial synchronization to initiate communication with a base station, and for this purpose, the base station may transmit a synchronization signal block (e.g., SSB).
  • a synchronization signal block e.g., SSB
  • a synchronization signal block typically comprises at least one primary synchronization signal (e.g., PSS) symbol, at least one secondary synchronization signal (e.g., SSS) symbol, and at least one physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH) symbol, each of which may be placed in a different symbol on time and frequency resources.
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • Synchronous signal blocks e.g., SSB
  • SSB Synchronous signal blocks
  • a synchronization signal block may include a certain number of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (e.g., OFDM) symbols, within which at least one primary synchronization signal (e.g., PSS) symbol, at least one secondary synchronization signal (e.g., SSS) symbol, and at least one physical broadcast channel (e.g., PBCH) symbol may be configured in a specific order and time-frequency arrangement.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • the format of the synchronization signal block (e.g., SSB) can be defined in various ways depending on the subcarrier spacing or duplexing method (FDD/TDD, etc.), and such format settings can affect the cell search and initial synchronization performance of the terminal.
  • SSB subcarrier spacing or duplexing method
  • non-terrestrial networks e.g., NTN
  • satellites in non-terrestrial networks can be broadly divided into satellites in geosynchronous orbits (e.g., GSO) and satellites in non-geosynchronous orbits (e.g., NGSO).
  • GSO geosynchronous orbits
  • NGSO non-geosynchronous orbits
  • satellites in non-terrestrial networks can be classified into low Earth orbit (e.g., LEO; Low Earth Orbit), medium Earth orbit (e.g., MEO; Medium Earth Orbit), and high Earth orbit (e.g., HEO; High Earth Orbit) depending on the satellite's altitude.
  • LEO low Earth orbit
  • MEO Medium Earth Orbit
  • HEO High Earth Orbit
  • non-terrestrial networks e.g., NTN
  • low-Earth orbit e.g., LEO
  • LEO satellites are in non-Geosynchronous orbits (e.g., NGSO) and, due to their close proximity to the Earth, require extremely high speeds to maintain their orbit. Therefore, to provide services to ground terminals, etc. via LEO satellites, it may be necessary to overcome the Doppler shift caused by the high relative speed.
  • next-generation mobile communication systems are evolving to support integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks. Therefore, it may be desirable for synchronization signals in next-generation mobile communication systems to be designed in a form suitable for both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks. Therefore, the present disclosure proposes a synchronization signal transmission method and device that support both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks.
  • the proposed method(s) of the present disclosure are described as an example of a non-terrestrial network, but the proposed method(s) of the present disclosure can be extended and applied to a terrestrial network as well.
  • the first synchronization signal may mean a primary synchronization signal
  • the second synchronization signal may mean a primary synchronization signal or a secondary synchronization signal
  • a method may be provided for supporting one or more synchronization block configurations including a first synchronization block and a second synchronization block, wherein the second synchronization block is configured in a nested structure including the first synchronization block.
  • the first synchronization block may be available to a terminal that supports connection to a terrestrial network
  • the second synchronization block may be available to a terminal that supports connection to a non-terrestrial network
  • the first synchronization block and/or the second synchronization block may include (at least) a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • a first synchronization signal or primary synchronization signal
  • a second synchronization signal e.g., SSS
  • system information or physical broadcast channel
  • the terminal may support detection capabilities for the first synchronization block as a mandatory capability, and detection capabilities for the second synchronization block as an optional capability. For example, the terminal may attempt detection of the first synchronization block and/or the second synchronization block depending on its capabilities.
  • a base station (or network node) can serve terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals based on terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks
  • the base station (or network node) can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and/or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to the terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals via the terrestrial base station and/or satellite.
  • base station-to-terminal transmission e.g., DL transmission
  • terminal-to-base station transmission e.g., UL transmission
  • the synchronization block may include at least a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH system information
  • path attenuation, time delay, and/or Doppler shift may occur significantly (compared to terrestrial networks) due to the altitude and/or high mobility of the satellite in the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and/or terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network. Therefore, the requirements that the synchronization block must meet in the non-terrestrial network may be strengthened compared to the terrestrial network.
  • the synchronization block for the non-terrestrial network e.g., the second synchronization block
  • the present disclosure proposes a method for supporting the configuration of one or more synchronization blocks including a first synchronization block and a second synchronization block when a network node and/or a terminal in a terrestrial and/or non-terrestrial network supports transmission and/or reception of synchronization blocks for a synchronization process, wherein the second synchronization block is configured in a nested structure including the first synchronization block.
  • the second synchronization block may be in an extended and/or reinforced form so as to enable compensation/mitigation for path attenuation, time delay, and/or Doppler shift in the non-terrestrial network compared to the first synchronization block.
  • synchronization blocks for synchronization processes in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks when supporting synchronization blocks for synchronization processes in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, by supporting one or more nested synchronization block configurations including a basic synchronization block, a unified synchronization framework for terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks can be provided, and the implementation complexity of the terminal can be reduced.
  • the synchronization block by enabling the synchronization block to be expanded/reinforced, there is an advantage in that synchronization blocks suitable for the channel environment in non-terrestrial networks can be supported.
  • a method may be provided in which one or more synchronization block configurations including a first synchronization block and a second synchronization block are supported, the second synchronization block is configured in an extended form by adding a third transmission block (or a third synchronization signal) to the first synchronization block, and the third transmission block (or the third synchronization signal) is configured in a form that modifies and/or repeatedly transmits (a part of) a synchronization signal within the first synchronization block.
  • the third transmission block may be characterized by one or more of the following methods:
  • the first synchronization block may be available to a terminal that supports connection to a terrestrial network
  • the second synchronization block may be available to a terminal that supports connection to a non-terrestrial network
  • the first synchronization block and/or the second synchronization block may be composed of a first synchronization signal (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (e.g., PBCH).
  • a first synchronization signal e.g., PSS
  • a second synchronization signal e.g., SSS
  • system information e.g., PBCH
  • the terminal may support detection capabilities for the first synchronization block as a mandatory capability, and detection capabilities for the second synchronization block as an optional capability. For example, the terminal may attempt detection of the first synchronization block and/or the second synchronization block depending on its capabilities.
  • the third transmission block (or third synchronization signal) may be located immediately before or after the first synchronization block.
  • a base station (or network node) can serve terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals based on terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks
  • the base station (or network node) can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and/or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to the terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals via the terrestrial base station and/or satellite.
  • base station-to-terminal transmission e.g., DL transmission
  • terminal-to-base station transmission e.g., UL transmission
  • the synchronization block may include at least a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH system information
  • path attenuation, time delay, and/or Doppler shift may occur significantly due to the altitude and/or high mobility of the satellite in the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and/or terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network. Therefore, the requirements that the synchronization block must meet in the non-terrestrial network may be more stringent than in the terrestrial network.
  • the synchronization block for the non-terrestrial network e.g., the second synchronization block
  • the present disclosure proposes a method of supporting one or more synchronization block configurations including a first synchronization block and a second synchronization block when a network node and/or a terminal in a terrestrial and/or non-terrestrial network supports synchronization block transmission and/or reception for a synchronization process, wherein the second synchronization block is configured in an extended form by adding a third transmission block (or a third synchronization signal) to the first synchronization block, and the third transmission block (or the third synchronization signal) is configured in a form that modifies and/or repeatedly transmits (a part of) the synchronization signal within the first synchronization block.
  • the third transmission block (or the third synchronization signal) may be configured in one or more of the following ways.
  • the above configuration may have the effect of expanding/strengthening the second sync block so that more energy is coupled when detecting a sync signal.
  • the above configuration may have the effect of extending/strengthening the second sync block to have higher peak correlation and lower cross-correlation between sequences when detecting a sync signal.
  • the above configuration may have the effect of extending/strengthening the second synchronization block to enable transmission of system information through sequence combination upon detection of a synchronization signal.
  • the above configuration can have the effect of expanding/strengthening the second synchronization block to reduce the complexity of the Doppler shift detection process per sub-carrier when detecting a synchronization signal.
  • a second synchronization block for a non-terrestrial network may be an extended/reinforced form of the first synchronization signal in the first synchronization block.
  • the first synchronization signal may be extended/reinforced in a form that is repeatedly transmitted, and a cyclic shift, a sub-carrier unit offset, and/or a sequence parameter change, etc. may be applied during the repeated transmission.
  • the first synchronization signal may be a synchronization signal utilized for (initial) (symbol) timing and carrier frequency offset (e.g., CFO; Carrier Frequency Offset) estimation, for example, a primary synchronization signal (e.g., PSS; Primary Synchronization Signal).
  • a primary synchronization signal e.g., PSS; Primary Synchronization Signal
  • synchronization blocks for synchronization processes in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks when supporting synchronization blocks for synchronization processes in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, by supporting one or more nested synchronization block configurations including a basic synchronization block, a unified synchronization framework for terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks can be provided, and the implementation complexity of the terminal can be reduced.
  • the synchronization block by enabling the synchronization block to be expanded/reinforced, there may be an advantage in that synchronization blocks suitable for the channel environment in non-terrestrial networks can be supported.
  • the transmission resources of the third transmission block may be transmitted so as to be distinguished from the transmission resources of the first synchronization block in time, frequency, code, and/or space domains.
  • the third transmission block (or the third synchronization signal) may be transmitted with a certain time and/or frequency offset from the first synchronization block.
  • the candidate sequence set (hereinafter, the first sequence set) of the synchronization signal within the third transmission block (or the third synchronization signal) may be designed not to include any element within the candidate sequence resource (hereinafter, the second sequence set) of the synchronization signal within the first synchronization block.
  • any element within the first sequence set may be designed to be orthogonal to any element within the second sequence set.
  • the transmission resource of the third transmission block may be configured to be located at a midpoint of the time interval in which the first synchronization block is transmitted.
  • the first synchronization block may be transmitted discontinuously on the time axis, and thus, an empty time interval may exist within the (entire) transmission interval.
  • the third transmission block (or the third synchronization signal) may be transmitted within the empty time interval.
  • the third transmission block when the second synchronization block is configured in an extended form by adding a third transmission block (or a third synchronization signal) to the first synchronization block, the third transmission block (or the third synchronization signal) can be distinguished from the first synchronization block in terms of time/frequency/code/sequence, thereby preventing the third transmission block (or the third synchronization signal) from affecting the detection performance of the first synchronization block.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the structure of a novel synchronization signal block that can be used in non-terrestrial network communications, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • the synchronization signal block (e.g., SSB) of the present embodiment may be configured in a form in which a first type synchronization signal block and a second type synchronization signal block overlap.
  • a terminal receiving the synchronization signal block e.g., SSB
  • the terminal can perform non-terrestrial network-based communication using the second type synchronization signal block.
  • the terminal can perform terrestrial network-based communication using the first type synchronization signal block.
  • a second synchronization signal symbol included in a second type synchronization signal block may be included in the second type synchronization signal block in a form in which a first synchronization signal symbol included in the first type synchronization signal block is repeated in the time domain.
  • a second synchronization signal to which a cyclic shift is applied from a first synchronization signal transmitted through a synchronization signal symbol (e.g., a first synchronization signal symbol) prior to repetition may be transmitted through a repeated synchronization signal symbol (e.g., a second synchronization signal symbol).
  • a third synchronization signal symbol included in a second type synchronization signal block may be included in the second type synchronization signal block in a form in which a first synchronization signal symbol included in the first type synchronization signal block is repeated in the frequency domain.
  • an offset of a subcarrier interval unit may exist between a repeated synchronization signal symbol (e.g., a third synchronization signal symbol) and a synchronization signal symbol prior to repetition (e.g., a first synchronization signal symbol).
  • a third synchronization signal to which a cyclic shift is applied from a first synchronization signal transmitted via a synchronization signal symbol prior to repetition may be transmitted via a repeated synchronization signal symbol (e.g., a third synchronization signal symbol).
  • repetition in the time domain and/or repetition in the frequency domain may mean existing adjacently within the time domain and/or the frequency domain.
  • the difference in reception characteristics between terrestrial and non-terrestrial network environments can be taken into account in the configuration of the synchronization signal block, so that smoother non-terrestrial network-based communication can be performed without causing conflict with existing technologies.
  • a method may be provided for supporting one or more synchronization block configurations including a first synchronization block and a second synchronization block, wherein the second synchronization block is configured in an extended form by adding a third transmission block (or a third synchronization signal) to the first synchronization block, and the third transmission block (or the third synchronization signal) is configured in a form including one or more of the following sequences and/or sequence groups.
  • the first synchronization block may be available to a terminal that supports connection to a terrestrial network
  • the second synchronization block may be available to a terminal that supports connection to a non-terrestrial network
  • the first synchronization block and/or the second synchronization block may be composed of a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • a first synchronization signal or primary synchronization signal
  • a second synchronization signal e.g., SSS
  • system information or physical broadcast channel
  • the terminal may support detection capabilities for the first synchronization block as a mandatory capability, and detection capabilities for the second synchronization block as an optional capability. For example, the terminal may attempt detection of the first synchronization block and/or the second synchronization block depending on its capabilities.
  • the third transmission block (or third synchronization signal) may be located immediately before or after the first synchronization block.
  • a base station (or network node) can serve terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals based on terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks
  • the base station (or network node) can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and/or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to the terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals via the terrestrial base station and/or satellite.
  • base station-to-terminal transmission e.g., DL transmission
  • terminal-to-base station transmission e.g., UL transmission
  • the synchronization block may include at least a first synchronization signal (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (e.g., SSS) and/or system information.
  • PSS first synchronization signal
  • SSS second synchronization signal
  • path attenuation, time delay, and/or Doppler shift may occur significantly due to the altitude and/or high mobility of the satellite in the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and/or terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network. Therefore, the requirements that the synchronization block must meet in the non-terrestrial network may be more stringent than in the terrestrial network.
  • the synchronization block for the non-terrestrial network e.g., the second synchronization block
  • a method for supporting one or more synchronization block configurations including a first synchronization block and a second synchronization block, wherein the second synchronization block is configured in an extended form by adding a third transport block to the first synchronization block, and the third transport block is configured in a form including one or more of the following sequences and/or sequence groups.
  • the above configuration can have the effect of expanding/strengthening the second synchronization block to effectively support a synchronization process based on differential cross correlation, which obtains a first cross correlation (between a sequence and a received signal) and then obtains a second cross correlation, which is a cross correlation between the first cross correlations, and utilizes it in the synchronization process.
  • the differential cross-correlation-based synchronization process may have a robust characteristic to Doppler shift (from the perspective of estimating time axis synchronization).
  • synchronization blocks for synchronization processes in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks when supporting synchronization blocks for synchronization processes in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, by supporting one or more nested synchronization block configurations including a basic synchronization block, a unified synchronization framework for terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks can be provided, and the implementation complexity of the terminal can be reduced.
  • the synchronization block by enabling the synchronization block to be expanded/reinforced, there is an advantage in that synchronization blocks suitable for the channel environment in non-terrestrial networks can be supported.
  • a method may be provided for supporting one or more synchronization block configurations including a first synchronization block and a second synchronization block, and defining and/or setting different (time axis) transmission patterns applied to each of the synchronization blocks that are distinguished from each other.
  • the transmission pattern may include (time axis) transmission resources/locations of synchronous blocks within a synchronous burst and/or transmission periods of the synchronous burst.
  • the synchronous burst may mean a transmission unit composed of a plurality of synchronous blocks.
  • the first synchronization block may be available to a terminal that supports connection to a terrestrial network
  • the second synchronization block may be available to a terminal that supports connection to a non-terrestrial network
  • the first synchronization block and/or the second synchronization block may be composed of a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • a first synchronization signal or primary synchronization signal
  • a second synchronization signal e.g., SSS
  • system information or physical broadcast channel
  • the terminal may support detection capabilities for the first synchronization block as a mandatory capability, and detection capabilities for the second synchronization block as an optional capability. For example, the terminal may attempt detection of the first synchronization block and/or the second synchronization block depending on its capabilities.
  • a base station (or network node) can serve terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals based on terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks
  • the base station (or network node) can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and/or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to the terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals via the terrestrial base station and/or satellite.
  • base station-to-terminal transmission e.g., DL transmission
  • terminal-to-base station transmission e.g., UL transmission
  • the synchronization block may include at least a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH system information
  • path attenuation, time delay, and/or Doppler shift may occur significantly due to the altitude and/or high mobility of the satellite in the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and/or terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network. Therefore, the requirements that the synchronization block must meet in the non-terrestrial network may be more stringent than in the terrestrial network.
  • the synchronization block for the non-terrestrial network e.g., the second synchronization block
  • the transmission period of the synchronization block may need to be set longer than in a terrestrial network.
  • a low signal-to-interference-noise ratio e.g., SINR
  • a method for supporting one or more synchronization block configurations including a first synchronization block and a second synchronization block, and defining and/or setting different (time axis) transmission patterns applied to each of the synchronization blocks that are distinguished from each other.
  • the transmission pattern may include (time axis) transmission resources/locations of synchronous blocks within a synchronous burst and/or transmission periods of the synchronous burst.
  • the synchronous burst may mean a transmission unit composed of a plurality of synchronous blocks.
  • a first synchronization block for a terrestrial network may be transmitted in a relatively short period (e.g., 20 ms), and a second synchronization block for a non-terrestrial network may be transmitted in a relatively long period (e.g., 160 ms).
  • the second synchronization block may be transmitted multiple times for one transmission opportunity during the long period, thereby being transmitted in a burst form.
  • the terminal may determine a detected synchronization block for synchronization blocks having different configurations and then utilize a (pre-)configured/defined transmission pattern corresponding to the detected synchronization block.
  • synchronization blocks for synchronization processes in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks when supporting synchronization blocks for synchronization processes in terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, by supporting one or more nested synchronization block configurations including a basic synchronization block, a unified synchronization framework for terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks can be provided, and the implementation complexity of the terminal can be reduced. Furthermore, by enabling synchronization blocks to be expanded/reinforced, there may be an advantage in that synchronization blocks suitable for the channel environment in non-terrestrial networks can be supported.
  • a method may be provided for selectively transmitting a terminal-to-base station signal/channel (e.g., UL signal/channel) including one or more of the following information when the terminal detects (some) synchronization signals within the synchronization block.
  • a terminal-to-base station signal/channel e.g., UL signal/channel
  • the synchronization block may be composed of a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • a first synchronization signal or primary synchronization signal
  • a second synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal
  • SSS system information
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • (some) of the synchronization signals within the synchronization block may be a first synchronization signal (e.g., PSS).
  • PSS first synchronization signal
  • the transmission resources of the terminal-to-base station signal/channel may be (implicitly) indicated via the synchronization block and/or (some) synchronization signal transmission resources within the (detected) synchronization block.
  • a base station (or network node) can serve terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals based on terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks
  • the base station (or network node) can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and/or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to the terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals via the terrestrial base station and/or satellite.
  • base station-to-terminal transmission e.g., DL transmission
  • terminal-to-base station transmission e.g., UL transmission
  • the synchronization block may include at least a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH system information
  • path attenuation, time delay, and/or Doppler shift may occur significantly due to the altitude and/or high mobility of the satellite in the base station-to-terminal channel (e.g., DL channel) and/or terminal-to-base station channel (e.g., UL channel) of the non-terrestrial network. Therefore, the requirements that the synchronization block must meet in the non-terrestrial network may be more stringent than in the terrestrial network.
  • the synchronization block for the non-terrestrial network e.g., the second synchronization block
  • the second synchronization block for a non-terrestrial network may be an extended/reinforced form of the first synchronization signal in the first synchronization block.
  • the first synchronization signal may be extended/strengthened in a form of repeated transmission, and a cyclic shift and/or a sub-carrier unit offset and/or a sequence parameter change may be applied during the repeated transmission.
  • the first synchronization signal may be a synchronization signal utilized for (first) (symbol) timing and carrier frequency offset (e.g., CFO; Carrier Frequency Offset) estimation, for example, a primary synchronization signal (e.g., PSS).
  • the terminal may support the terminal to additionally detect the remaining signals of the second synchronization block, and for this purpose, the terminal may need to be able to feedback to the network a request for (additional) transmission and/or whether detection was successful for some and/or all signals within the synchronization block.
  • the terminal may request additional transmission of the second synchronization signal (e.g., SSS) and/or system information.
  • SSS second synchronization signal
  • a method is proposed in which the terminal selectively transmits a terminal-to-base station signal/channel (e.g., UL signal/channel) including one or more of the following information when detecting (some) synchronization signals within a synchronization block.
  • a terminal-to-base station signal/channel e.g., UL signal/channel
  • one or more nested synchronization block configurations including a basic synchronization block are supported, thereby providing a unified synchronization framework for terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, and reducing the implementation complexity of terminals.
  • synchronization blocks suitable for the channel environment in non-terrestrial networks can be supported by allowing the synchronization blocks to be extended/reinforced.
  • a method may be provided in which a network node provides a terminal with information about a time period during which sync block transmission is interrupted and/or a time period during which sync block-based measurement is not allowed/recommended.
  • the terminal can maintain base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) time/frequency synchronization based on location information transmitted by a network node, ephemeris information, and/or a base station-to-terminal reference signal (e.g., DL reference signal) (other than a synchronization block).
  • base station-to-terminal communication e.g., DL communication
  • ephemeris information e.g., DL reference signal
  • a base station-to-terminal reference signal e.g., DL reference signal
  • the synchronization block may be composed of a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • a first synchronization signal or primary synchronization signal
  • a second synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal
  • SSS system information
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • a base station (or network node) can serve terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals based on terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks
  • the base station (or network node) can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and/or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to the terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals via the terrestrial base station and/or satellite.
  • base station-to-terminal transmission e.g., DL transmission
  • terminal-to-base station transmission e.g., UL transmission
  • the synchronization block may include at least a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH system information
  • constraints such as the satellite's maximum output power and/or effective radiated power (e.g., EIRP) may exist, which may limit the percentage of time during which signal transmission is possible for a particular cell/beam.
  • EIRP effective radiated power
  • base stations may block additional (initial) connection processes for some terminals.
  • the present disclosure proposes a method for providing information to a terminal about a time interval during which synchronization block transmission is interrupted and/or a time interval during which synchronization block-based measurement is not allowed/recommended, when a network node and/or a terminal in a terrestrial and/or non-terrestrial network supports transmission and/or reception of synchronization blocks for a synchronization process.
  • a satellite in a non-terrestrial network may stop transmitting synchronization blocks for a (specific) cell/beam for a certain period of time, thereby operating as if the cell/beam were in an off state.
  • the satellite may still support services for already connected terminals.
  • already connected terminals may maintain time/frequency synchronization for base station-to-terminal communication (e.g., DL communication) based on location information, ephemeris information, and/or base station-to-terminal reference signals (e.g., DL reference signals) transmitted by network nodes.
  • base station-to-terminal communication e.g., DL communication
  • base station-to-terminal reference signals e.g., DL reference signals
  • an operation in which a non-terrestrial network can stop a synchronization block for reasons such as power management is supported, and information about a time period in which the synchronization block transmission is stopped is provided to the terminal, thereby preventing the terminal from incorrectly performing a synchronization process and/or a measurement process based on a synchronization block.
  • a method may be provided for configuring (some) synchronization signals of the synchronization block in a comb form on the frequency axis.
  • the synchronization block may be composed of a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • a first synchronization signal or primary synchronization signal
  • a second synchronization signal or secondary synchronization signal
  • SSS system information
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • the (some) synchronous signal may mean a first synchronous signal (e.g., PSS).
  • PSS first synchronous signal
  • the comb form may mean a form in which transmission resources are allocated at regular intervals (on the time axis and/or frequency axis).
  • a base station (or network node) can serve terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals based on terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks
  • the base station (or network node) can support base station-to-terminal transmission (e.g., DL transmission) and/or terminal-to-base station transmission (e.g., UL transmission) to the terrestrial terminals and/or air terminals via the terrestrial base station and/or satellite.
  • base station-to-terminal transmission e.g., DL transmission
  • terminal-to-base station transmission e.g., UL transmission
  • the synchronization block may include at least a first synchronization signal (or primary synchronization signal) (e.g., PSS) and/or a second synchronization signal (or secondary synchronization signal) (e.g., SSS) and/or system information (or physical broadcast channel) (e.g., PBCH).
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • PBCH system information
  • a method is proposed in which (some) synchronization signals of the synchronization block are configured in a comb shape on the frequency axis.
  • the comb shape may mean a shape in which transmission resources are allocated at regular intervals (on the time axis and/or the frequency axis).
  • the synchronization signal allocated in the comb shape has a structure in which it is repeatedly transmitted on the time axis, and through this, there is an advantage in that the terminal can more easily perform Doppler shift through a technique such as auto-correlation.
  • the proposed method can be applied to the device described below.
  • the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can set at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP; bandwidth part).
  • the processor (202) of the receiving terminal can control the transceiver (206) of the receiving terminal to receive a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) and/or a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting terminal on at least one partial bandwidth (e.g., BWP).
  • a physical channel related to terminal-to-terminal communication e.g., SL communication
  • a reference signal related to terminal-to-terminal communication e.g., SL communication
  • a non-terrestrial network can refer to a base station or network that supports wireless communications, not on the ground, but in the air or orbit.
  • Non-terrestrial networks can include drones, satellites, and other devices. Depending on the payload type, they can include transparent payload networks and regenerative payload networks. Depending on the type, non-terrestrial networks can move very quickly, requiring Doppler shift considerations for non-terrestrial network-based communications.
  • a new synchronization signal (block) format for non-terrestrial network-based communication is defined, and based on this, pre-compensation operation and/or synchronization for delay or Doppler shift for RTT can be performed.
  • Doppler shifts that may occur in non-terrestrial network-based communications can be easily obtained, thereby enabling smooth wireless communication by more easily compensating for Doppler shifts resulting from non-terrestrial network-based communications.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • a first device can receive a first synchronization signal block from a second device.
  • the first device can perform wireless communication based on the first synchronization signal block.
  • the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and the first synchronization signal block can be used for non-terrestrial network-based communication.
  • a second synchronization signal block in which the second synchronization signal symbol is excluded from the first synchronization signal block can be used for terrestrial network-based communication.
  • the position in the time domain of the second synchronization signal symbol may be adjacent to the position in the time domain of the first synchronization signal symbol.
  • the first cyclic shift associated with the first synchronization signal symbol may be different from the second cyclic shift associated with the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the position of the second synchronization signal symbol in the frequency domain may be adjacent to the position of the first synchronization signal symbol in the frequency domain, and an offset of a subcarrier unit may exist between the first synchronization signal symbol and the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the first device may transmit a request to the second device for transmission of a first signal related to the first synchronization signal block; and receive the first signal transmitted based on the request.
  • the first signal may include at least one signal constituting the first synchronization signal block.
  • the first device may receive information from the second device regarding a time interval during which transmission of the first synchronization signal block is interrupted. For example, monitoring of the first synchronization signal block may not be performed within the time interval.
  • synchronization may be maintained based on ephemeris information of the second device within the time interval.
  • At least one of a first root index, a first seed value, or a first basis sequence associated with a first synchronization signal transmitted based on the first synchronization signal symbol may be different from at least one of a second root index, a second seed value, or a second basis sequence associated with a second synchronization signal transmitted based on the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • a first element in a first candidate sequence set associated with a first synchronization signal transmitted based on the first synchronization signal symbol may be orthogonal to a second element in a second candidate sequence set associated with a second synchronization signal transmitted based on the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the first synchronization signal symbol and the second synchronization signal symbol may be primary synchronization signal symbols.
  • the first synchronization signal block may include a physical broadcast channel symbol.
  • the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive a first synchronization signal block from the second device (200). Then, the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to perform wireless communication based on the first synchronization signal block.
  • the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and the position in the time domain and the position in the frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and the first synchronization signal block can be used for non-terrestrial network-based communication.
  • a first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions.
  • the instructions based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: receive a first synchronization signal block from a second device; and perform wireless communication based on the first synchronization signal block, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and the first synchronization signal block may be used for non-terrestrial network-based communication.
  • a second synchronization signal block in which the second synchronization signal symbol is excluded from the first synchronization signal block can be used for terrestrial network-based communication.
  • the position in the time domain of the second synchronization signal symbol may be adjacent to the position in the time domain of the first synchronization signal symbol.
  • the first cyclic shift associated with the first synchronization signal symbol may be different from the second cyclic shift associated with the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the position of the second synchronization signal symbol in the frequency domain may be adjacent to the position of the first synchronization signal symbol in the frequency domain, and an offset of a subcarrier unit may exist between the first synchronization signal symbol and the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the instructions may cause the first device to: transmit, to the second device, a request for transmission of a first signal associated with the first synchronization signal block; and receive the first signal transmitted based on the request.
  • the first signal may include at least one signal constituting the first synchronization signal block.
  • the commands may cause the first device to: receive, from the second device, information relating to a time interval during which transmission of the first synchronization signal block is interrupted. For example, monitoring of the first synchronization signal block may not be performed within the time interval.
  • synchronization may be maintained based on ephemeris information of the second device within the time interval.
  • At least one of a first root index, a first seed value, or a first basis sequence associated with a first synchronization signal transmitted based on the first synchronization signal symbol may be different from at least one of a second root index, a second seed value, or a second basis sequence associated with a second synchronization signal transmitted based on the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • a first element in a first candidate sequence set associated with a first synchronization signal transmitted based on the first synchronization signal symbol may be orthogonal to a second element in a second candidate sequence set associated with a second synchronization signal transmitted based on the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the first synchronization signal symbol and the second synchronization signal symbol may be primary synchronization signal symbols.
  • the first synchronization signal block may include a physical broadcast channel symbol.
  • a processing device configured to control a first device.
  • the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions.
  • the instructions based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: receive a first synchronization signal block from a second device; and perform wireless communication based on the first synchronization signal block, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and the first synchronization signal block may be used for non-terrestrial network-based communication.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided.
  • the instructions when executed, cause a first device to: receive a first synchronization signal block from a second device; and perform wireless communication based on the first synchronization signal block, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and the first synchronization signal block can be used for non-terrestrial network-based communication.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • a second device may transmit a first synchronization signal block to a first device.
  • the second device may perform wireless communication with the first device.
  • the first synchronization signal block may include a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol may be determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol.
  • the wireless communication may be performed based on the first synchronization signal block, and based on the fact that the first device does not have the capability of performing non-terrestrial network-based communication, the wireless communication may be performed based on a second synchronization signal block in which the second synchronization signal symbol is excluded from the first synchronization signal block.
  • a second synchronization signal block in which the second synchronization signal symbol is excluded from the first synchronization signal block can be used for terrestrial network-based communication.
  • the position in the time domain of the second synchronization signal symbol may be adjacent to the position in the time domain of the first synchronization signal symbol.
  • the first cyclic shift associated with the first synchronization signal symbol may be different from the second cyclic shift associated with the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the position of the second synchronization signal symbol in the frequency domain may be adjacent to the position of the first synchronization signal symbol in the frequency domain, and an offset of a subcarrier unit may exist between the first synchronization signal symbol and the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the second device may receive, from the first device, a request for transmission of a first signal related to the first synchronization signal block; and transmit the first signal based on the request.
  • the first signal may include at least one signal constituting the first synchronization signal block.
  • the second device may transmit to the first device information related to a time interval during which transmission of the first synchronization signal block is interrupted. For example, monitoring of the first synchronization signal block may not be performed within the time interval.
  • synchronization may be maintained based on ephemeris information of the second device within the time interval.
  • At least one of a first root index, a first seed value, or a first basis sequence associated with a first synchronization signal transmitted based on the first synchronization signal symbol may be different from at least one of a second root index, a second seed value, or a second basis sequence associated with a second synchronization signal transmitted based on the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • a first element in a first candidate sequence set associated with a first synchronization signal transmitted based on the first synchronization signal symbol may be orthogonal to a second element in a second candidate sequence set associated with a second synchronization signal transmitted based on the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the first synchronization signal symbol and the second synchronization signal symbol may be primary synchronization signal symbols.
  • the first synchronization signal block may include a physical broadcast channel symbol.
  • the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a first synchronization signal block to the first device (100). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to perform wireless communication with the first device (100).
  • the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and based on the first device (100) having a capability of performing non-terrestrial network-based communication, the wireless communication may be performed based on the first synchronization signal block, and based on the first device (100) not having a capability of performing non-terrestrial network-based communication, the wireless communication may be performed based on a second synchronization signal block in which the second synchronization signal symbol is excluded from the first synchronization signal block.
  • a second device may be provided.
  • the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions.
  • the instructions based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: transmit a first synchronization signal block to a first device; And perform wireless communication with the first device, wherein the first synchronization signal block includes a first synchronization signal symbol and a second synchronization signal symbol, and a position in a time domain and a position in a frequency domain of the second synchronization signal symbol are determined based on the first synchronization signal symbol, and based on the first device having a capability of performing non-terrestrial network-based communication, the wireless communication may be performed based on the first synchronization signal block, and based on the first device not having a capability of performing non-terrestrial network-based communication, the wireless communication may be performed based on a second synchronization signal block in which the second
  • a second synchronization signal block in which the second synchronization signal symbol is excluded from the first synchronization signal block can be used for terrestrial network-based communication.
  • the position in the time domain of the second synchronization signal symbol may be adjacent to the position in the time domain of the first synchronization signal symbol.
  • the first cyclic shift associated with the first synchronization signal symbol may be different from the second cyclic shift associated with the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the position of the second synchronization signal symbol in the frequency domain may be adjacent to the position of the first synchronization signal symbol in the frequency domain, and an offset of a subcarrier unit may exist between the first synchronization signal symbol and the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the instructions may cause the second device to: receive, from the first device, a request for transmission of a first signal associated with the first synchronization signal block; and transmit the first signal based on the request.
  • the first signal may include at least one signal constituting the first synchronization signal block.
  • the commands may cause the second device to transmit to the first device information relating to a time interval during which transmission of the first synchronization signal block is interrupted. For example, monitoring of the first synchronization signal block may not be performed within the time interval.
  • synchronization may be maintained based on ephemeris information of the second device within the time interval.
  • At least one of a first root index, a first seed value, or a first basis sequence associated with a first synchronization signal transmitted based on the first synchronization signal symbol may be different from at least one of a second root index, a second seed value, or a second basis sequence associated with a second synchronization signal transmitted based on the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • a first element in a first candidate sequence set associated with a first synchronization signal transmitted based on the first synchronization signal symbol may be orthogonal to a second element in a second candidate sequence set associated with a second synchronization signal transmitted based on the second synchronization signal symbol.
  • the first synchronization signal symbol and the second synchronization signal symbol may be primary synchronization signal symbols.
  • the first synchronization signal block may include a physical broadcast channel symbol.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network.
  • the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device.
  • the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device/server (400).
  • the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc.
  • the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and/or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)).
  • UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
  • AV Aerial Vehicle
  • AAM Advanced Air Mobility
  • the XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR)/Virtual Reality (VR)/Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc.
  • the portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc.
  • the home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc.
  • the IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc.
  • a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station/network node to other wireless devices.
  • the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication.
  • NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names.
  • the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology.
  • LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication).
  • LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names.
  • the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names.
  • ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small/low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.
  • PAN personal area networks
  • Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300).
  • the network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc.
  • the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200)/network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station/network.
  • vehicles can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle)/V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication).
  • IoT devices e.g., sensors
  • IoT devices can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).
  • Wireless communication/connection can be established between wireless devices (100a ⁇ 100f)/base stations (200), and base stations (200)/base stations (200).
  • wireless communication/connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul).
  • 5G NR wireless access technologies
  • uplink/downlink communication 150a
  • sidelink communication 150b
  • base station-to-base station communication 150c
  • wireless devices and base stations/wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit/receive wireless signals to each other.
  • wireless communication/connection can transmit/receive signals through various physical channels.
  • various configuration information setting processes for transmitting/receiving wireless signals various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR).
  • ⁇ the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200) ⁇ can correspond to ⁇ the wireless device (100x), the base station (200) ⁇ and/or ⁇ the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x) ⁇ of FIG. 13.
  • the description of the first wireless device (or device) and the second wireless device (or device) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or device) or a wireless device (or device) corresponding to a subsequent reference number.
  • the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.
  • a first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and/or one or more antennas (108).
  • the processor (102) controls the memories (104) and/or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information/signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal via the transceiver (106).
  • the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information/signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory (104).
  • the memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR).
  • the transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108).
  • the transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit.
  • a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • a second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and/or one or more antennas (208).
  • the processor (202) controls the memories (204) and/or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information/signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signals via the transceivers (206).
  • the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information/signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signals in the memory (204).
  • the memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR).
  • the transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208).
  • the transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.
  • the transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit.
  • a wireless device may also mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.
  • one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202).
  • one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP).
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • PDUs Protocol Data Units
  • SDUs Service Data Units
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.
  • One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and/or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206).
  • One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.
  • signals e.g., baseband signals
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer.
  • One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
  • ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
  • DSPs Digital Signal Processors
  • DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
  • PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc.
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202).
  • the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.
  • One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or commands.
  • the one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof.
  • the one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and/or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and/or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and/or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices.
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices.
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208).
  • one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc.
  • One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202).
  • one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and/or a filter.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060).
  • the operations/functions of FIG. 15 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14.
  • the hardware elements of FIG. 15 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and/or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14.
  • blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14.
  • blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14.
  • the codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 15.
  • the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block.
  • the information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block).
  • the wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).
  • the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010).
  • the scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc.
  • the scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020).
  • the modulation method may include pi/2-BPSK (pi/2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc.
  • the complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030).
  • the modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding).
  • the output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M.
  • N is the number of antenna ports
  • M is the number of transmission layers.
  • the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols.
  • the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.
  • the resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources.
  • the time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • the signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna.
  • the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • CP Cyclic Prefix
  • DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter
  • the signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 15.
  • a wireless device e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 14
  • the received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer.
  • the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process.
  • a signal processing circuit for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.
  • Figure 16 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case/service (see Figure 13).
  • the embodiment of Figure 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 14 and may be composed of various elements, components, units/units, and/or modules.
  • the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140).
  • the communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114).
  • the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and/or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 14.
  • the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and/or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 14.
  • the control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device.
  • the control unit (120) may control the electrical/mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program/code/command/information stored in the memory unit (130).
  • control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless/wired interface in the memory unit (130).
  • the additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device.
  • the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output unit (I/O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit.
  • the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 13, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 13, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 13, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 13, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 13, 100e), an IoT device (Fig.
  • Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use/service.
  • various elements, components, units/parts, and/or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110).
  • the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110).
  • each element, component, unit/part, and/or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements.
  • the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets.
  • control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc.
  • memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.).
  • the mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT).
  • the embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.
  • the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input/output unit (140c).
  • the antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110).
  • Blocks 110 to 130/140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 16, respectively.
  • the communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations.
  • the control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations.
  • the control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor).
  • the memory unit (130) can store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input/output data/information, etc.
  • the power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc.
  • the interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices.
  • the interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input/output ports, video input/output ports) for connection with external devices.
  • the input/output unit (140c) can input or output video information/signals, audio information/signals, data, and/or information input from a user.
  • the input/output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and/or a haptic module.
  • the input/output unit (140c) obtains information/signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130).
  • the communication unit (110) converts the information/signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station.
  • the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information/signals.
  • the restored information/signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input/output unit (140c).

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un premier dispositif (100) dans un système de communication sans fil. Le procédé peut comprendre les étapes consistant à : recevoir un premier bloc de signal de synchronisation en provenance d'un second dispositif (200) ; et effectuer une communication sans fil sur la base du premier bloc de signal de synchronisation, le premier bloc de signal de synchronisation pouvant comprendre un premier symbole de signal de synchronisation et un second symbole de signal de synchronisation, et des positions du second symbole de signal de synchronisation dans le domaine temporel et dans le domaine fréquentiel peuvent être déterminées sur la base du premier symbole de signal de synchronisation.
PCT/KR2025/008506 2024-06-19 2025-06-19 Procédé et appareil d'émission de signal de synchronisation pour réseau terrestre et réseau non terrestre Pending WO2025264013A1 (fr)

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KR20240132093 2024-09-27

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