WO2026025323A1 - Messagerie de train de canaux pour découverte de dispositif - Google Patents

Messagerie de train de canaux pour découverte de dispositif

Info

Publication number
WO2026025323A1
WO2026025323A1 PCT/CN2024/108688 CN2024108688W WO2026025323A1 WO 2026025323 A1 WO2026025323 A1 WO 2026025323A1 CN 2024108688 W CN2024108688 W CN 2024108688W WO 2026025323 A1 WO2026025323 A1 WO 2026025323A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
train
slot
aspects
chain
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/108688
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jie ZENG
Runyuan Liu
Pei Wang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qualcomm Inc
Original Assignee
Qualcomm Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qualcomm Inc filed Critical Qualcomm Inc
Priority to PCT/CN2024/108688 priority Critical patent/WO2026025323A1/fr
Publication of WO2026025323A1 publication Critical patent/WO2026025323A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/005—Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and to techniques and apparatuses associated with channel train messaging for device discovery.
  • a wireless personal area network is a short-range wireless network typically established by a user to interconnect various personal devices, sensors, and/or appliances located within a certain distance or area of the user.
  • a WPAN based on a communication protocol such as a (BT) protocol, a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol, or a protocol may provide wireless connectivity to peripheral devices that are within a specific distance (e.g., 5 meters, 10 meters, 20 meters, 100 meters) of each other.
  • Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication protocol that supports a WPAN between a central device (such as a host device or a source device) and at least one peripheral device (such as a client device or a sink device) .
  • BR basic rate
  • EDR enhanced data rate
  • BLE also referred to herein as WPAN LE
  • WPAN LE BLE
  • WPAN LE WPAN LE
  • BLE exploits infrequent data transfer by using a low duty cycle operation and placing one or both of the central device and the peripheral device (s) into a sleep mode between data transmissions, thereby conserving power.
  • Example applications that use BLE include battery-operated sensors and actuators in various medical, industrial, consumer, and fitness applications.
  • BLE may also be used to connect devices such as BLE-enabled smartphones, tablets, laptops, earbuds, or the like.
  • Bluetooth and BLE offer certain advantages, there exists a need for further improvements in Bluetooth and BLE technology.
  • traditional Bluetooth and BLE have a limited range, have a limited data capacity throughput, and are susceptible to interference from other devices communicating in the same frequency band (such as via wireless local area network (WLAN) communications) .
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the method may include transmitting at least two inquiry messages of a first channel train in a first slot of a cycle that includes the first channel train and a second channel train.
  • the method may include receiving at least one message of the second channel train in the first slot.
  • the apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories.
  • the one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the wireless device to transmit at least two inquiry messages of a first channel train in a first slot of a cycle that includes the first channel train and a second channel train.
  • the one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the wireless device to receive at least one message of the second channel train in the first slot.
  • Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a wireless device.
  • the set of instructions when executed by one or more processors of the wireless device, may cause the wireless device to transmit at least two inquiry messages of a first channel train in a first slot of a cycle that includes the first channel train and a second channel train.
  • the set of instructions when executed by one or more processors of the wireless device, may cause the wireless device to receive at least one message of the second channel train in the first slot.
  • the apparatus may include means for transmitting at least two inquiry messages of a first channel train in a first slot of a cycle that includes the first channel train and a second channel train.
  • the apparatus may include means for receiving at least one message of the second channel train in the first slot.
  • aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, central device, peripheral device, wireless communication device, access point, mobile station, and/or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
  • aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios.
  • Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and/or packaging arrangements.
  • some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail/purchasing devices, medical devices, and/or artificial intelligence devices) .
  • Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and/or system-level components.
  • Devices incorporating described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects.
  • transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and/or summers) .
  • RF radio frequency
  • aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and/or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless personal area network (WPAN) , in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication device, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a protocol stack, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example transmission of a data packet from a wireless communication device to a peripheral device over a WPAN connection, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication device, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of device connections, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of device discovery that is able to use two trains in a slot, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of using two trains in a slot, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of using two trains in multiple directions in the same slot, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a wireless device or an apparatus of a wireless device, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • a wireless device In a wireless personal area network (WPAN) , such as a (BT) network or a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) network, a wireless device (e.g., a handset, a smartphone, or other user equipment (UE) ) may connect to multiple peripheral devices (e.g., an earbud, an extended reality (XR) headset, a watch) .
  • peripheral devices e.g., an earbud, an extended reality (XR) headset, a watch
  • the wireless device may initialize both basic rate enhanced data rate (BREDR) modules for connections with BREDR devices and BLE modules for connections with BLE devices.
  • BREDR basic rate enhanced data rate
  • Modules may include a section of code that is part of a software program and that performs a particular function, such as handling a connection with a peripheral device.
  • RF channels are divided into two channel trains, where each train includes 16 channels for device discovery.
  • a central device or inquirer, inquires of peripheral devices, such as scanners or listeners, with inquiry messages.
  • peripheral devices may respond with inquiry response messages.
  • Two channels may be used in each slot, where the slot is part of a cycle that includes the first train and the second train.
  • the central device may repeat transmissions on channels in one train before switching to another train. Since a peripheral device has no information about which RF channel is being used to transmit an inquiry message, the peripheral device will listen on one channel (one of 32 channels) for a substantial amount of time, which may be in a different train than the train used by the central device. As a result, a substantial amount of time is consumed to discover a nearby device.
  • Various aspects relate generally to wireless device connections. Some aspects more specifically relate to when a wireless device, such as a central device, may utilize the gaps between the channels of a first train to transmit or receive on channels of a second train within the same slot. More than one train may be covered in a single cycle, such as the first train (16 channels) and the second train (16 channels) for a total of 32 channels. The two trains in the slot may have messages in different directions (both inquiry and response) . This improves the possibility that peripheral devices can receive all packets.
  • processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure.
  • processors in the processing system may execute software.
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
  • RAM random-access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable ROM
  • optical disk storage magnetic disk storage
  • magnetic disk storage other magnetic storage devices
  • combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a WPAN 100, according to some implementations.
  • a central device 102 (which may be referred to herein as a source device or using other suitable terminology) may connect to and may establish a communication link 116 with one or more peripheral devices, such as a smartwatch 104, a Bluetooth portable speaker 106, wireless headphones 108, an XR headset 110, a wireless earbud 112, and/or a smart appliance 114 (which may be referred to herein as sink devices or using other suitable terminology) using a BLE protocol or a modified BLE protocol.
  • the BLE protocol is part of the BT core specification and enables radio frequency communication operating within the globally accepted 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band.
  • ISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical
  • the central device 102 may include suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, processors, and/or code that may be used to communicate with the one or more peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114 using the BLE protocol or the modified BLE protocol.
  • the central device 102 may operate as an initiator to request establishment of a link layer (LL) connection with an intended peripheral device 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114.
  • LL link layer
  • a link manager may be used to control operations between a WPAN application controller in the central device 102 and a WPAN application controller in each of the intended peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114.
  • the central device 102 may become a host device, and the selected or intended peripheral device 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114 may become paired with the central device 102 over the established LL connection.
  • the central device 102 may support multiple concurrent LL connections with various peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114 that are operating as client devices.
  • the central device 102 may manage various aspects of data packet communication in an LL connection with one or more associated peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114.
  • the central device 102 may be configured to transmit the first LL data PDU in each connection event to an intended peripheral device 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114. Additionally, or alternatively, in some aspects, the central device 102 may utilize a polling scheme to poll the intended peripheral device 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114 for an LL data PDU transmission during a connection event. The intended peripheral device 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114 may transmit an LL data PDU upon receipt of a packet carrying an LL data PDU from the central device 102. In some other aspects, a peripheral device 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114 may transmit an LL data PDU to the central device 102 without first receiving an LL data PDU from the central device 102.
  • Examples of the central device 102 may include a cellular phone, a smartphone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a mobile station (STA) , a laptop, a personal computer (PC) , a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player, a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device (such as a smart watch or wireless headphones) , a vehicle, a vehicle infotainment system or car kit, an electric meter, a gas pump, a toaster, a thermostat, a hearing aid, a blood glucose on-body unit, an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, or the like.
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • STA mobile station
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • satellite radio a global positioning system
  • a multimedia device a video device, a digital audio player
  • Examples of the one or more peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and/or 114 may include a cellular phone, a smartphone, an SIP phone, an STA, a laptop, a PC, a desktop computer, a PDA, a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player, a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, wireless headphones, or wireless earbuds) , a vehicle, a vehicle infotainment system or car kit, an electric meter, a gas pump, a toaster, a thermostat, a hearing aid, a blood glucose on-body unit, an IoT device, or the like.
  • a cellular phone a smartphone, an SIP phone, an STA, a laptop, a PC, a desktop computer, a PDA, a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device,
  • central device 102 is illustrated in Fig. 1 as being in communication with six peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and 114 in the WPAN 100, the central device 102 may communicate with more or fewer than six peripheral devices within the WPAN 100 without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • a device implementing the BT protocol may operate according to a first radio mode (e.g., a basic rate (BR) /enhanced data rate (EDR) radio mode)
  • a device implementing the BLE protocol may operate according to a second radio mode (e.g., the BLE radio mode)
  • the central device 102 may be configured with dual radio modes, and therefore may be able to operate according to the BR/EDR mode or the BLE mode, for example, based on the type of short-range wireless communication in which the central device 102 may engage.
  • the central device 102 may operate according to the BR/EDR mode for continuous streaming of data, for broadcast networks, for mesh networks, and/or for some other applications in which a relatively higher data rate may be more suitable. Additionally, or alternatively, the central device 102 may operate according to the BLE mode for short burst data transmissions, such as for some other applications in which power conservation may be desirable and/or a relatively lower data rate may be acceptable. Additionally, or alternatively, in some aspects, the central device 102 may operate according to one or more other radio modes, such as proprietary radio mode (s) . Examples of other radio modes may include high speed radio modes, low energy radio modes, and/or isochronous radio modes, among other examples.
  • proprietary radio mode s
  • an assisting wireless device may track a first retransmission metric that is based on a number of retransmitted packets that the assisting wireless device received from a source device, such as the central device 102.
  • the assisting wireless device may receive, from a sink wireless device (e.g., among peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and 114) , an acknowledgement assistance request indicating a second retransmission metric for the sink wireless device.
  • the assisting wireless device may transmit, to the sink wireless device, a response to the acknowledgement assistance request based on respective values of the first retransmission metric and the second retransmission metric. Additionally, or alternatively, the assisting wireless device may perform one or more other operations described herein.
  • a sink wireless device may track a first retransmission metric that is based on a number of retransmitted packets that the sink wireless device received from a source device, such as the central device 102.
  • the sink wireless device may transmit, to an assisting wireless device (e.g., among peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and 114) , an acknowledgement assistance request indicating the first retransmission metric tracked by the sink wireless device.
  • the sink wireless device may receive, from the assisting wireless device, a response to the acknowledgement assistance request based on respective values of the first retransmission metric tracked by the sink wireless device and a second retransmission metric tracked by the assisting wireless device. Additionally, or alternatively, the sink wireless device may perform one or more other operations described herein.
  • Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication device 200, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communication device 200 may be an example of the central device 102 illustrated in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless communication device 200 may be an example of one or more of the peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, or 114 illustrated in Fig. 1. In some aspects, the wireless communication device 200 may be a Bluetooth-enabled device (such as a BLE device) .
  • the wireless communication device 200 may include a processing element, such as processor (s) 202, which may execute program instructions for the wireless communication device 200.
  • the wireless communication device 200 may also include a display 242 that can perform graphics processing and present information to a user.
  • the processor (s) 202 may also be coupled to a memory management unit (MMU) 240, which may be configured to receive addresses from the processor (s) 202 and translate the addresses to address locations in memory such as memory 206, ROM 208, or flash memory 210 and/or to address locations in other circuits or devices, such as display circuitry 204, radio 230, connector interface 220, and/or display 242.
  • the MMU 240 may also be configured to perform memory protection and page table translation or set up. In some aspects, the MMU 240 may be included as a portion of the processor (s) 202.
  • the processor (s) 202 may be coupled to other circuits of the wireless communication device 200.
  • the wireless communication device 200 may include various memory types, a connector interface 220 through which the wireless communication device 200 can communicate with a computer system, and wireless communication subsystems that can transmit data to, and receive data from, other devices based on one or more wireless communication standards or protocols.
  • the wireless communication subsystems may include (but are not limited to) a wireless local-area network (WLAN) subsystem, a WPAN subsystem, and/or a cellular subsystem (such as a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) or New Radio (NR) subsystem) .
  • WLAN wireless local-area network
  • WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
  • a cellular subsystem such as a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) or New Radio (NR) subsystem
  • the wireless communication device 200 may include multiple antennas 235a, 235b, 235c, and/or 235d for performing wireless communication with, for example, wireless communication devices in a WPAN.
  • the WPAN may be an extended PAN (XPAN) .
  • the wireless communication device 200 may be configured to implement part or all of the techniques described herein by executing program instructions stored on a memory medium (such as a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium) and/or through hardware or firmware operation.
  • a memory medium such as a non-transitory computer-readable memory medium
  • the techniques described herein may be at least partially implemented by a programmable hardware element, such as an FPGA, and/or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the radio 230 may include separate controllers configured to control communications for various respective radio access technology (RAT) protocols.
  • radio 230 may include a WLAN controller 250 that manages WLAN communications, a WPAN controller 252 that manages Bluetooth, BLE, and/or other suitable WPAN communications, and a wireless wide area network (WWAN) controller 256 that manages WWAN communications.
  • the wireless communication device 200 may store and execute a WLAN software driver for controlling WLAN operations performed by the WLAN controller 250, a WPAN software driver for controlling WPAN operations performed by the WPAN controller 252, and/or a WWAN software driver for controlling WWAN operations performed by the WWAN controller 256.
  • a first coexistence interface 254 (such as a wired interface) may be used for sending information between the WLAN controller 250 and the WPAN controller 252. Additionally, or alternatively, in some aspects, a second coexistence interface 258 may be used for sending information between the WLAN controller 250 and the WWAN controller 256. Additionally, or alternatively, in some aspects, a third coexistence interface 260 may be used for sending information between the WPAN controller 252 and the WWAN controller 256.
  • one or more of the WLAN controller 250, the WPAN controller 252, and/or the WWAN controller 256 may be implemented as hardware, software, firmware, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • the WLAN controller 250 may be configured to communicate with a second device in a WPAN using a WLAN link using one or more, some, or all of the antennas 235a, 235b, 235c, and 235d.
  • the WPAN controller 252 may be configured to communicate with at least one second device in a WPAN using one or more, some, or all of the antennas 235a, 235b, 235c, and 235d.
  • the WWAN controller 256 may be configured to communicate with a second device in a WPAN using one or more, some, or all of the antennas 235a, 235b, 235c, and 235d.
  • the WLAN controller 250, the WPAN controller 252, and/or the WWAN controller 256 may be configured to adjust a wakeup time interval and a shutdown time for the wireless communication device 200.
  • a short-range wireless communications protocol such as BT, BLE, and/or BR/EDR, may include and/or may use one or more other communications protocols, for example, to establish and maintain communications links.
  • the wireless communication device 200 may establish a communications link 116 with one or more peripheral devices, such as a wireless headset 112, according to at least one communications protocol for short-range wireless communications.
  • the communications link 116 may include a communications link that adheres to a protocol included and/or for use with BT, BLE, BR/EDR, or the like.
  • the communications link 116 may include an asynchronous connection-oriented logical (ACL) transport, sometimes referred to as an ACL link.
  • ACL asynchronous connection-oriented logical
  • the communications link 116 may allow the central device 102 (e.g., a source device) to connect or “pair” with a peripheral device, such as the headset 112.
  • the connection is asynchronous in that the two devices may not need to synchronize, timewise, data communications between each other to permit communication of data packets via the communications link 116.
  • a logical link control and adaptation protocol may be used within a BT protocol stack (not shown in Fig. 2 for simplicity) .
  • An L2CAP connection may be established after an ACL link has been established.
  • Reference to L2CAP in the present disclosure may be further applicable to enhanced L2CAP (EL2CAP) , which may be an enhanced version of the L2CAP protocol that enables multiplexing of multiple logical data channels via a single radio connection.
  • EL2CAP enhanced L2CAP
  • the communications link 116 may include an advanced audio distribution profile (A2DP) link.
  • A2DP link may provide a point-to-point link between a source device, such as the central device 102, and a sink device, such as the headset 112.
  • A2DP link data packets including audio may be transmitted over an ACL channel, and other information (e.g., for controlling the audio stream) may be transmitted over a separate control channel. The data packets may occur non-periodically.
  • the communications link 116 may support synchronous logical transport mechanisms between a source device (such as the central device 102) and a peripheral device (such as the headset 112) .
  • the communications link 116 may include a synchronous connection-oriented (SCO) link that provides a symmetric point-to-point link between the source device and the peripheral device using time slots reserved for BT communications.
  • SCO synchronous connection-oriented
  • an SCO link may not support retransmission of data packets, which may be unsatisfactory in audio streaming and/or voice call use cases in which a dropped audio or voice packet may reduce the quality of the user experience.
  • the communications link 116 may include an extended SCO (eSCO) link.
  • eSCO link may provide a symmetric or asymmetric point-to-point link between a source device and a peripheral device using time slots reserved for BT communications, and may also provide for a retransmission window following the reserved time slots. Because retransmissions may be facilitated using the retransmission window, an eSCO link may be suitable for audio streaming and/or voice call use cases because a dropped audio or voice packet may be retransmitted, and therefore the probability of successfully receiving a data packet may be increased.
  • the communications link 116 shown in Fig. 1 may include an isochronous (ISO) link.
  • ISO isochronous
  • the communications link 116 may combine some features of both synchronous and asynchronous links. For example, a stream on an ISO link may begin with a start packet, and then data packets may be asynchronously transmitted.
  • the number of retransmission attempts by a transmitting device may be limited. Thus, if a receiving device is unable to decode a data packet within the limited number of retransmission attempts, then the data packet may be dropped, and the receiving device may continue to receive the stream without data from the dropped data packet.
  • a wireless device may include a communication manager 270.
  • the communication manager 270 may transmit at least two inquiry messages of a first channel train in a first slot of a cycle that includes the first channel train and a second channel train.
  • the communication manager 270 may receive at least one message of the second channel train in the first slot. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 270 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
  • a wireless device (e.g., wireless communication device 200, a central device 102, a mobile station, a UE, a peripheral device 110) includes means for transmitting at least two inquiry messages of a first channel train in a first slot of a cycle that includes the first channel train and a second channel train; and/or means for receiving at least one message of the second channel train in the first slot.
  • the means for the wireless device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of a WPAN controller 252, memory 206, antenna 235, processor 202, and/or MMU 240.
  • Fig. 2 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example 300 of a protocol stack (e.g., a WPAN and/or a Bluetooth protocol stack) , in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the protocol stack 300 may be implemented in a wireless communication device (such as the central device 102 or one or more of the peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, or 114 of Fig. 1) .
  • the protocol stack 300 may be implemented by one or more of processor (s) 202, memory 206, flash memory 210, ROM 208, the radio 230, and/or the WPAN controller 252 illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • the protocol stack 300 may be organized into three layers that include an application layer 310, a host layer 320, and a controller layer 330.
  • the application layer 310 may be a user application layer that interfaces with the other blocks and/or layers of the protocol stack 300.
  • the application layer 310 may include one or more applications 312 and one or more Bluetooth profiles 314 that allow the one or more applications 312 to use Bluetooth and/or BLE communications.
  • the host layer 320 may include the upper layers of the protocol stack 300, and may communicate with a controller (such as the WPAN controller 252 of Fig. 2) in a wireless communication device using a host controller interface (HCI) 340.
  • HCI host controller interface
  • the host layer 320 may include a host stack 321 that can be used for application layer interface management to allow an application 312 to access WPAN communications.
  • the controller layer 330 may include the lower layers of the protocol stack 300. In some aspects, the controller layer 330 may be used for hardware interface management, link establishment, and link management. As shown in Fig. 3, the controller layer 330 may include a link manager (LM) 332, a link layer 334, and a physical (PHY) layer 336.
  • the PHY layer 336 may include, for example, a radio and/or a baseband processor. In some aspects, the PHY layer 336 may define a mechanism for transmitting a bit stream over a physical link or channel that connects WPAN devices. The bit stream may be grouped into code words or symbols, and may be converted to a data packet that is transmitted over a wireless transmission medium.
  • the PHY layer 336 may provide an electrical, mechanical, and/or procedural interface to the wireless transmission medium.
  • the PHY layer 336 may be responsible for modulation and demodulation of data into RF signals for transmission over the air.
  • the PHY layer 336 may describe the physical characteristics of a transmitter/receiver (or transceiver) included in a wireless communication device. The physical characteristics may include modulation characteristics, an RF tolerance, and/or a sensitivity level, among other examples.
  • the link layer 334 is responsible for low-level communication over the PHY layer 336.
  • the link layer 334 may manage the sequence and timing for transmitting and receiving data packets, and using an LL protocol, communicates with other devices regarding connection parameters and data flow control.
  • the link layer 334 also provides gatekeeping functionality to limit exposure and data exchange with other devices. If filtering is configured, the link layer 334 maintains a list of allowed devices and may ignore all requests for data exchange from devices not on the list of allowed devices.
  • the link layer 334 may also reduce power consumption.
  • the link layer 334 may include a proprietary LL that may be used to discover peer devices and establish a secure communication channel with the peer devices.
  • the link layer 334 may be responsible for transporting data packets between devices in a WPAN.
  • Each data packet may include an access address, which specifies the type of logical transport used to carry the data packet.
  • Logical transports may exist between a master device and slave devices. Additionally, some logical transports may carry multiple logical links.
  • the link manager 332 may be responsible for establishing and configuring links and managing power-change requests, among other tasks.
  • Each type of logical link such as ACL links, A2DP links, SCO links, eSCO links, ISO links, or the like, may be associated with a specific packet type.
  • an SCO link may provide reserved channel bandwidth for communication between a central device and a peripheral device, and may support regular, periodic exchange of data packets with no retransmissions.
  • An eSCO link may provide reserved channel bandwidth for communication between a source device and a peripheral device, and support regular, periodic exchange of data packets with retransmissions.
  • An ACL link may exist between a source device and a peripheral device from the beginning of establishment of a connection between the source device and the peripheral device, and the data packets for ACL links may include encoding information in addition to a payload.
  • the link manager 332 may communicate with the host layer 320 using the HCI 340.
  • the link manager 332 may translate commands associated with the HCI 340 into controller-level operations, such as baseband-level operations.
  • the HCI 340 may act as a boundary between the lower layers (such as between the controller layer 330, the host layer 320, and the application layer 310) .
  • the BT specification may define a standard HCI to support BT systems that are implemented across two separate processors.
  • a BT system on a computer may use a processor of the BT system to implement the lower layers of the protocol stack 300, such as the PHY layer 336, the link layer 334, and/or the link manager 332, and may use a processor of a BT component to implement the other layers of the protocol stack 300, such as the host layer 320 and the application layer 310.
  • the host layer 320 is shown to include a generic access profile (GAP) 322, a generic attribute protocol (GATT) 324, a security manager (SM) 326, an attribute protocol (ATT) 328, and an L2CAP layer 329.
  • the GAP 322 may provide an interface for an application 312 to initiate, establish, and manage connections with other WPAN (e.g., BT or BLE) devices.
  • the GATT 324 may provide a service framework using the attribute protocol for discovering services, and for reading and writing characteristic values on a peer device.
  • the GATT 324 may interface with the application 312, for example, through a profile which may define a collection of attributes and any permissions needed for the attributes to be used in BT or BLE communications.
  • the security manager 326 may be responsible for device pairing and key distribution.
  • a security manager protocol implemented by the security manager 326 may define how communications with the security manager of a counterpart BLE device are performed.
  • the security manager 326 provides additional cryptographic functions that may be used by other components of the protocol stack 300.
  • the architecture of the security manager 326 used in WPAN communications is designed to minimize recourse requirements for peripheral devices by shifting work to a presumably more powerful central device.
  • BLE uses a pairing mechanism for key distribution.
  • the security manager 326 provides a mechanism to encrypt the data and a mechanism to provide data authentication.
  • the ATT 328 includes a client/server protocol based on attributes associated with a BLE device configured for a particular purpose. Examples may include monitoring heart rate, temperature, broadcasting advertisements, or the like. The attributes may be discovered, read, and written by peer devices. The set of operations which are executed over the ATT 328 may include error handling, server configuration, find information, read operations, write operations, and/or queued writes. The ATT 328 may form the basis of data exchange between BT and BLE devices.
  • the L2CAP layer 329 may be implemented above the HCI 340, and may communicate with the controller layer 330 through the HCI 340.
  • the L2CAP layer 329 may be responsible for establishing connections across one or more existing logical links and for requesting additional links if none exist.
  • the L2CAP layer 329 may also implement multiplexing between different higher-layer protocols, for example, to allow different applications to use a single link, such as a logical link, including an ACL link.
  • the L2CAP layer 329 may encapsulate multiple protocols from the upper layers into a data packet format (and vice versa) .
  • the L2CAP layer 329 may also break packets with a large data payload from the upper layers into multiple packets with the data payload segmented into smaller size data payloads that fit into a maximum payload size (for example, twenty-seven (27) bytes) on the transmit side.
  • a maximum payload size for example, twenty-seven (27) bytes
  • the central device 102 may detect errors in a packet and/or a dropped/missed/not received packet through the use of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) validation and through the use of message integrity code (MIC) validation.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • MIC validation may be used when a packet is encrypted. For example, failure of CRC validation may indicate one or more errors in a received packet, and failure of MIC validation may indicate that another packet has not been received (although failure of CRC validation may also indicate that another packet has not been received, and/or failure of MIC validation may also indicate one or more errors in a received packet) .
  • CRC validation and MIC validation may be based on generating CRC values and MICs, respectively, based on received packets and respectively comparing those generated CRC values and MICs to CRC values and MICs included in the received packets.
  • a receiving device such as the headset 112 that receives a packet may first generate a CRC value or a CRC checksum based on the received packet, such as based on a payload and, if applicable, an MIC included in the received packet.
  • the receiving device may compare the generated CRC value with a CRC value included in the received packet. If the generated CRC value matches the CRC value included in the received packet, then the received packet may be validated for CRC.
  • the CRC-validated received packet may then be decrypted.
  • the receiving device may determine that the received packet fails CRC validation. If the receiving device determines that the received packet fails CRC validation, then the received packet may include errors and/or may be corrupted. In one configuration, the receiving device may discard the received packet that fails CRC validation. Alternatively, in another configuration, the receiving device may attempt to recover the received packet, for example, using one or more error correction techniques.
  • the decoded and decrypted payload of the received packet may be provided to another layer of the receiving device, such as a coder-decoder (codec) of the receiving device that may cause the payload data of the received packet to be output by the receiving device, for example, as audio through speakers of the headset 112.
  • codec coder-decoder
  • the receiving device may determine that the received packet is unsuccessfully decrypted. When the received packet is unsuccessfully decrypted, then a different packet may have been missed or the received packet may be erroneous or otherwise corrupted. In one configuration, the receiving device may discard the received packet that fails MIC validation. Alternatively, in another configuration, the receiving device may attempt to recover the received packet.
  • Fig. 3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example transmission 400 of a data packet from a source device 410 to a sink device 420 over a WPAN connection 430, according to the present disclosure.
  • the source device 410 may be one example of the central device 102 in Fig. 1 and/or the wireless communication device 200 in Fig. 2, and the sink device 420 may be an example of one or more of the peripheral devices 104, 106, 108, 110, 112 or 114 in Fig. 1.
  • the sink device 420 may be a wireless earbud, a pair of wireless earbuds, a wireless portable speaker, or another suitable device.
  • the WPAN connection 430 may be any suitable Bluetooth or BLE connection or link.
  • the WPAN connection 430 may be one or more of an ACL link, an L2CAP link, an A2DP link, an SCO link, or an ISO link.
  • the source device 410 may include an encoder 412 and a transmit buffer 414.
  • the encoder 412 may be configured to encode data, such as audio or video data, using a specified bitrate.
  • the transmit buffer 414 may be configured to queue data packets that are to be transmitted over the WPAN connection 430 to the sink device 420.
  • the data packets to be transmitted over the WPAN connection 430 may have a predefined size, for example, based on the type of WPAN connection 430 and/or channel conditions associated with the WPAN connection 430.
  • data encoded by the encoder 412 may be packetized into a data packet of a predefined size.
  • the source device 410 may de-queue data packets from the transmit buffer 414 and transmit the data packets to the sink device 420 over the WPAN connection 430.
  • the sink device 420 may include a receive buffer 422 and a decoder 424.
  • Data packets that the sink device 420 receives over the WPAN connection 430 may be queued or otherwise stored in the receive buffer 422.
  • the data packets may be output from the receive buffer 422 and forwarded to the decoder 424.
  • the decoder 424 may decode data (such as audio and/or video data) carried in the payloads of the queued data packets, and forward the decoded data to upper layers of the protocol stack for processing and playback to a user.
  • the encoder 412 may encode a first encoder/decoder (codec) frame using a first bitrate and forward the first codec frame to the transmit buffer 414 to be packetized for transmission to the sink device 420 over the WPAN connection 430.
  • the sink device 420 may queue the received data packet in the receive buffer 422 and may forward the first portion of the first codec frame to the decoder 424 for decoding.
  • Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of a wireless communication device 500, according to the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communication device 500 may be an example of the central device 102 in Fig. 1, the wireless communication device 200 in Fig. 2, or the source device 410 in Fig. 4.
  • the wireless communication device 500 is depicted as having an established WPAN connection 430 (e.g., a Bluetooth communication connection) with the sink device 420 in Fig. 4.
  • WPAN connection 430 e.g., a Bluetooth communication connection
  • the wireless communication device 500 may include an application processing subsystem 510, an audio subsystem 520, a WPAN subsystem 530, and an HCI 540.
  • the application processing subsystem 510 which may correspond to at least some portions of the application layer 310 and the host layer 320 of the protocol stack 300 of Fig. 3, is shown to include a media player 511, an application layer 512, a WPAN stack 513, and an audio interface 514.
  • the media player 511 can be any suitable device or component capable of generating or receiving multimedia content including, for example, real-time audio streams, real-time video streams, real-time gaming streams, and/or latency-sensitive traffic, among other examples.
  • the application layer 512 which may be one implementation of the application layer 310 of Fig.
  • the application processing subsystem 510 may include a WPAN transport driver 516, which may include a split audio and packetization module (not shown for simplicity) that can packetize data (such as audio and/or video data) into Bluetooth frames that can be transmitted to the sink device 420 using a Bluetooth and/or BLE protocol.
  • the WPAN transport driver 516 may be connected to the audio subsystem 520 via an audio and control link 550.
  • the audio and control link 550 may be used to send encoded audio/video data and control signals between the WPAN transport driver 516 and audio/video DSPs within the audio subsystem 520.
  • the WPAN transport driver 516 is also connected to a universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter (UART) controller 518 that provides controls for transmission of information via the WPAN connection 430.
  • UART universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter
  • the audio subsystem 520 may include encoders/decoders 522, one or more DSPs 524, and one or more codecs 526.
  • the encoders/decoders 522 may be used to sample audio/video data extracted from one or more packets received from another wireless communication device. The extracted audio/video data may be processed in the application processing subsystem 510 based at least in part on the Bluetooth profile.
  • the encoders/decoders 522 may partition the sampled audio/video data into payloads that can be embedded within one or more Bluetooth packets for transmission to the sink device 420 over the WPAN connection 430.
  • the DSPs 524 and/or the codecs 526 may employ one or more encoding or decoding algorithms in conjunction with sampling the audio data.
  • the WPAN subsystem 530 may include a baseband component 532 (e.g., a Bluetooth baseband component) , a firmware component 534, an A2DP component 536, and a PHY component 538.
  • the baseband component 532 and the firmware component 534 may be used to generate baseband signals for constructing and deconstructing data frames based on the Bluetooth or BLE protocol.
  • the baseband component 532 and the firmware component 534 may also be used to generate carrier signals for up-converting baseband signals during data transmissions and for down-converting received data signals to baseband.
  • the A2DP component 536 may be used to control or manage an A2DP link between the wireless communication device 500 and the sink device 420.
  • Communications may be target wake time (TWT) -based with synchronized end-to-end (E2E) timing.
  • TWT involves the use of a schedule for waking up to communicate and powering down to conserve power.
  • Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
  • 32 physical RF channels are divided into two channel trains, where each train includes 16 channels for device discovery (with 10 ms correction) .
  • the channels may be used for operation such as device discovery, where a central device, or inquirer, inquires of peripheral devices, such as scanners or listeners, with inquiry messages.
  • the peripheral devices may respond with inquiry response messages.
  • Two channels may be used in each slot (1.25 ms) , where the slot is part of a cycle 610 that includes the first train and the second train.
  • the central device may repeat transmissions on channels in one train before switching to another train. Since a peripheral device has no information about which RF channel is being used to transmit an inquiry message, the peripheral device will listen on one channel (one of 32 channels) for a long time, which may be in a different train than the train used by the central device. As a result, a substantial amount of time is consumed to discover a nearby device.
  • Example 600 shows that the central device 602 may transmit (e.g., broadcast) two inquiry messages (for channel 1 (C1) and channel 2 (C2) ) of a first train in a first slot 606, as shown by reference number 615. There may be gaps between the messages. As shown by reference number 620, the peripheral device 604 may transmit two inquiry response messages for the inquiry messages of the first train in a second slot 608. Only channels of the first train (channels 1-16) are being used for some time. If the peripheral device 604 switches to and listens on a second train (for channels 17-32) , it may be some time before the central device 602 receives a response from the peripheral device 604. This increases the latency involved with device discovery.
  • two inquiry messages for channel 1 (C1) and channel 2 (C2)
  • C1 channel 1
  • C2 channel 2
  • the peripheral device 604 may transmit two inquiry response messages for the inquiry messages of the first train in a second slot 608. Only channels of the first train (channels 1-16) are being used for some time. If the peripheral device
  • Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
  • Example 700 shows the use of two trains within one slot, where channels of the first train are shown with reference number 706 and channels of the second train are shown with reference number 708.
  • the first train 706 includes channels C17 to C32
  • the second train 708 includes channels C1 to C16.
  • the central device 702 may transmit two inquiry messages (on channels C1 and C2) of the second train 708.
  • the central device 702 may move to the next state of discovery. In this case, if the central device 702 receives a message on the first attempt, the central device 702 may stop receiving the second message.
  • the peripheral device 704 may transmit two inquiry response messages (for C17 and C18) of the first train 706 in a second slot 608. As shown by reference number 740, the peripheral device 704 may transmit two inquiry response messages (for C17 and C18) of the first train 706 in the second slot 608. Channels of the two trains may be used in subsequent slots.
  • example 700 shows the central device 702 inquiring of peripheral devices.
  • the peripheral device 704 may indicate support for, operate with, or be configured to use two trains in a slot of a cycle.
  • Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.
  • Example 800 shows a possible solution, where a second train (train B) fills in gaps of a first train (train A) .
  • each message slot includes messages in a single direction, such as train A and train B inquiry messages (first slot 804) or train A and train B inquiry response messages (separate second slot 806) .
  • Example 802 shows the solution of example 700, where a single slot (first slot 804) includes two trains in two directions, such as train A inquiry messages and train B inquiry response messages.
  • the next slot (second slot 806) includes train A inquiry response messages for the inquiry message in the first slot 804.
  • the second slot 806 also includes train B inquiry messages that can receive responses in the next slot. That is, each slot provides some progress towards device discovery. If a whole slot is lost, such as the first slot 804 in example 800, the second slot 806 is wholly lost as the second slot 806 includes only responses for the missing first slot 804 inquiry messages. By contrast, if the first slot 804 is lost in example 802, the second slot 806 is not completely wasted as the central device 702 may still transmit two inquiry messages for train B. Latency is reduced and signaling resources are conserved.
  • Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 8.
  • a central device may repeatedly iterate through all of the channels in a train for some time before switching to another train.
  • Example 900 shows the central device iterating through all of the channels (frequency f0 to frequency f15) in one train with ID packets that are transmitted or received. The timing between channels is also shown.
  • Example 902 shows interleaving messages in channels of a second train (f16 to f31) using gaps in between channels of a first train.
  • the central device may iterate through all 32 channels (frequencies) in 10.625 ms, which may be about the same amount of time that the device uses to iterate through only 16 frequencies, as in example 900.
  • Packets may be transmitted in both directions for different trains in the same slot. For example, in slot 904, channels of a first train (f2 and f3) are for transmitted packets, and channels of a second train (f16 and f17) are for received packets. This improves throughput and reduces latency for paging and inquiry.
  • Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, at a wireless device or an apparatus of a wireless device, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • Example process 1000 is an example where the apparatus or the wireless device (e.g., wireless communication device 200, central device 702) performs operations associated with channel train messaging for device discovery.
  • the apparatus or the wireless device e.g., wireless communication device 200, central device 702 performs operations associated with channel train messaging for device discovery.
  • process 1000 may include transmitting at least two inquiry messages of a first channel train in a first slot of a cycle that includes the first channel train and a second channel train (block 1010) .
  • the wireless device e.g., using transmission component 1104 and/or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11
  • process 1000 may include receiving at least one message of the second channel train in the first slot (block 1020) .
  • the wireless device e.g., using reception component 1102 and/or communication manager 1106, depicted in Fig. 11
  • Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and/or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
  • process 1000 includes receiving two response messages in a second slot of the cycle that are responses to the at least two inquiry messages transmitted in the first slot.
  • process 1000 includes transmitting at least two inquiry messages of the second channel train in a second slot of the cycle.
  • the first channel train includes at least 16 channels for device discovery
  • the second channel train includes at least 16 channels for device discovery
  • the first channel train operates with a first RF chain and the second channel train operates with a second RF chain.
  • the first RF chain is a primary RF chain and the second RF chain is a secondary RF chain.
  • the first RF chain is a transmit-only chain and the second RF chain is a receive-only chain.
  • the wireless device is a central device.
  • process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
  • Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 1100 may be a wireless device, or a wireless device may include the apparatus 1100.
  • the apparatus 1100 includes a reception component 1102, a transmission component 1104, and/or a communication manager 1106, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and/or one or more other components) .
  • the communication manager 1106 is the communication manager 270 described in connection with Fig. 2.
  • the apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1108, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104.
  • another apparatus 1108 such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1102 and the transmission component 1104.
  • the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 1-9. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1000 of Fig. 10.
  • the apparatus 1100 and/or one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may include one or more components of the wireless device described in connection with Fig. 2 and Fig. 5. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 2 and Fig. 5. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
  • the reception component 1102 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1108.
  • the reception component 1102 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1100.
  • the reception component 1102 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1100.
  • the reception component 1102 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers/processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the wireless device described in connection with Fig. 2 and Fig. 5.
  • the transmission component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1108.
  • one or more other components of the apparatus 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1104 for transmission to the apparatus 1108.
  • the transmission component 1104 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1108.
  • the transmission component 1104 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers/processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the wireless device described in connection with Fig. 2 and Fig. 5. In some aspects, the transmission component 1104 may be co-located with the reception component 1102 in one or more transceivers.
  • the communication manager 1106 may support operations of the reception component 1102 and/or the transmission component 1104. For example, the communication manager 1106 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1102 and/or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1104. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1106 may generate and/or provide control information to the reception component 1102 and/or the transmission component 1104 to control reception and/or transmission of communications.
  • the transmission component 1104 may transmit at least two inquiry messages of a first channel train in a first slot of a cycle that includes the first channel train and a second channel train.
  • the reception component 1102 may receive at least one message of the second channel train in the first slot.
  • the reception component 1102 may receive two response messages in a second slot of the cycle that are responses to the at least two inquiry messages transmitted in the first slot.
  • the transmission component 1104 may transmit at least two inquiry messages of the second channel train in a second slot of the cycle.
  • Fig. 11 The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 11 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 11. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 11 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 11 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 11.
  • a method of wireless communication performed by a wireless device comprising: transmitting at least two inquiry messages of a first channel train in a first slot of a cycle that includes the first channel train and a second channel train; and receiving at least one message of the second channel train in the first slot.
  • Aspect 2 The method of Aspect 1, further comprising: receiving two response messages in a second slot of the cycle that are responses to the at least two inquiry messages transmitted in the first slot.
  • Aspect 3 The method of any of Aspects 1-2, further comprising: transmitting at least two inquiry messages of the second channel train in a second slot of the cycle.
  • Aspect 4 The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the first channel train includes at least 16 channels for device discovery, and the second channel train includes at least 16 channels for device discovery.
  • Aspect 5 The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the first channel train operates with a first radio frequency (RF) chain and the second channel train operates with a second RF chain.
  • RF radio frequency
  • Aspect 7 The method of Aspect 5, wherein the first RF chain is a transmit-only chain and the second RF chain is a receive-only chain.
  • Aspect 8 The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the wireless device is a central device.
  • Aspect 9 An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-8.
  • Aspect 10 An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-8.
  • Aspect 11 An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-8.
  • Aspect 12 A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-8.
  • Aspect 13 A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-8.
  • a device for wireless communication comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-8.
  • Aspect 15 An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-8.
  • the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software.
  • “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, and/or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • a “processor” is implemented in hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems and/or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware and/or a combination of hardware and software.
  • satisfying a threshold may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, or the like.
  • “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a +a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
  • the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” or the like are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B) .
  • the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.
  • the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and/or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”) .

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Abstract

Divers aspects de la présente divulgation se rapportent, de façon générale, aux communications sans fil. Selon certains aspects, un dispositif sans fil peut transmettre au moins deux messages d'interrogation d'un premier train de canaux dans un premier créneau d'un cycle qui comprend le premier train de canaux et un second train de canaux. Le dispositif sans fil peut recevoir au moins un message du second train de canaux dans le premier créneau. De nombreux autres aspects sont décrits.
PCT/CN2024/108688 2024-07-31 2024-07-31 Messagerie de train de canaux pour découverte de dispositif Pending WO2026025323A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2024/108688 WO2026025323A1 (fr) 2024-07-31 2024-07-31 Messagerie de train de canaux pour découverte de dispositif

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2024/108688 WO2026025323A1 (fr) 2024-07-31 2024-07-31 Messagerie de train de canaux pour découverte de dispositif

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2026025323A1 true WO2026025323A1 (fr) 2026-02-05

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US9148473B1 (en) * 2012-08-27 2015-09-29 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Dynamic resource expansion of mobile devices
US20230254917A1 (en) * 2019-11-20 2023-08-10 Mediatek Singapore Pte. Ltd. Method for bluetooth enquiry/paging and communication device therefor

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9148473B1 (en) * 2012-08-27 2015-09-29 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Dynamic resource expansion of mobile devices
US20230254917A1 (en) * 2019-11-20 2023-08-10 Mediatek Singapore Pte. Ltd. Method for bluetooth enquiry/paging and communication device therefor

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