ZA903151B - Method and apparatus for fracturing connecting rods - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for fracturing connecting rods

Info

Publication number
ZA903151B
ZA903151B ZA903151A ZA903151A ZA903151B ZA 903151 B ZA903151 B ZA 903151B ZA 903151 A ZA903151 A ZA 903151A ZA 903151 A ZA903151 A ZA 903151A ZA 903151 B ZA903151 B ZA 903151B
Authority
ZA
South Africa
Prior art keywords
support
connecting rod
fracture
symmetry
cap
Prior art date
Application number
ZA903151A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Miessen
Miessen Walter
Nikolaus Fauser
Fauser Nikolaus
Michael Haehnel
Haehnel Michael
Original Assignee
Alfing Kessler
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP89108419A external-priority patent/EP0396797B1/de
Application filed by Alfing Kessler filed Critical Alfing Kessler
Publication of ZA903151B publication Critical patent/ZA903151B/xx

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D31/00—Shearing machines or shearing devices covered by none or more than one of the groups B23D15/00 - B23D29/00; Combinations of shearing machines
    • B23D31/002—Breaking machines, i.e. pre-cutting and subsequent breaking
    • B23D31/003—Breaking machines, i.e. pre-cutting and subsequent breaking for rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00—Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/003—Articles made for being fractured or separated into parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/04—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof
    • F16C9/045—Connecting-rod bearings; Attachments thereof the bearing cap of the connecting rod being split by fracturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30—Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/35—Work-parting pullers [bursters]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T225/00—Severing by tearing or breaking
    • Y10T225/30—Breaking or tearing apparatus
    • Y10T225/371—Movable breaking tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49231—I.C. [internal combustion] engine making
    • Y10T29/49233—Repairing, converting, servicing or salvaging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49288—Connecting rod making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49721—Repairing with disassembling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y10T29/49796—Coacting pieces

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Shearing Machines (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
ZA903151A 1989-05-10 1990-04-25 Method and apparatus for fracturing connecting rods ZA903151B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP89108419A EP0396797B1 (de) 1989-05-10 1989-05-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bruchtrennen von Pleueln

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ZA903151B true ZA903151B (en) 1991-02-27

Family

ID=8201339

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ZA903151A ZA903151B (en) 1989-05-10 1990-04-25 Method and apparatus for fracturing connecting rods

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (2) US5115564A (de)
JP (1) JP2695272B2 (de)
KR (1) KR970008481B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1021301C (de)
AT (1) ATE98343T1 (de)
AU (1) AU621748B2 (de)
DE (1) DE58906379D1 (de)
SU (1) SU1816256A3 (de)
ZA (1) ZA903151B (de)

Families Citing this family (59)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5131577A (en) * 1988-05-17 1992-07-21 Ford Motor Company Apparatus for making a powder metal connecting rod
DE4037429A1 (de) * 1990-11-14 1992-05-21 Ex Cell O Gmbh Bearbeitungsverfahren- und anlage fuer ein lagerauge aufweisende maschinenteile
US5274919A (en) * 1992-05-08 1994-01-04 Giddings & Lewis, Inc. Method of cracking a connecting rod
CA2096166C (en) * 1993-05-13 1996-01-23 Joel W. Jones Con rod fracturing tool and method of making same
US5503317A (en) * 1994-03-31 1996-04-02 Tri-Way Machine Ltd. Apparatus for fracturing connecting rods preforms
US6386417B1 (en) 1994-03-25 2002-05-14 Tri-Way Manufacturing Technologies Method and apparatus for fracturing connecting rods and the like
DE69517965T2 (de) * 1994-03-25 2001-03-01 Tri-Way Machine Ltd., Sterling Heights Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bruchtrennen von pleueln und dergleichen
IT1268130B1 (it) * 1994-10-18 1997-02-20 Vigel Spa Procedimento e macchina per la separazione mediante rottura del cappello di testa delle bielle, particolarmente bielle per motori
DE19531365C2 (de) * 1995-08-25 1998-11-05 Knorr Bremse Systeme Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Pleuelstange, insbesondere für Kompressoren
US5848947A (en) * 1996-08-23 1998-12-15 Giddings & Lewis, Inc. Split power transfer member
US5974663A (en) * 1996-10-25 1999-11-02 Honda Giken Kogya Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing connecting rod
US6609643B1 (en) 1997-05-06 2003-08-26 Tri-Way Machine Tool Ltd. Dual clamping arrangement for connecting rod fracturing machine
DE19733433A1 (de) * 1997-08-01 1999-02-18 Kessler Kg Maschf Vorrichtung zum Bruchtrennen von Stange und Deckel eines Pleuels
DE19758583C2 (de) * 1997-08-01 2002-05-08 Kessler Kg Maschf Vorrichtung zum Bruchtrennen eines ringförmigen Bauteils
JP2000071129A (ja) * 1998-08-30 2000-03-07 Isuzu Motors Ltd コンロッド破断分割装置の加圧機構
DE19853307A1 (de) * 1998-11-19 2000-05-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Vorrichtung zum Bruchtrennen eines drehgesichert gehaltenen Lagerdeckels von einer Lageranordnung eines Bauteiles, insbesondere Antriebsstrang-Bauteil für Kfz
DE19918067A1 (de) * 1999-04-21 2000-10-26 Kessler Kg Maschf Vorrichtung zum Bruchtrennen eines Werkstücks
DE19918063A1 (de) * 1999-04-21 2000-10-26 Kessler Kg Maschf Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bruchtrennen eines Werkstücks
IT1310716B1 (it) * 1999-09-14 2002-02-22 Vigel Spa Apparato per la separazione del cappello di testa di biella medianterottura
CA2287140C (en) * 1999-10-13 2001-02-13 Sudip Bhattacharjee Process to fracture connecting rods and the like with resonance-fatigue
DE19950140C2 (de) * 1999-10-18 2001-10-31 Kessler Kg Maschf Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln von Körpern nach dem Bruchtrennen
DE10013980A1 (de) * 2000-03-21 2001-09-27 Hatz Motoren Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bruchtrennen eines Maschinenbauteils mit Lagerauge
AU2001273612A1 (en) * 2000-06-23 2002-01-08 Federal Mogul Corporation Connecting rod fracturing fixture
RU2191100C2 (ru) * 2000-07-03 2002-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество "АВТОВАЗ" Устройство для отделения крышки нижней головки шатуна
RU2179921C1 (ru) * 2000-07-17 2002-02-27 Открытое акционерное общество "ГАЗ" Устройство для разрыва нижней головки шатуна
JP3642268B2 (ja) * 2000-08-24 2005-04-27 株式会社安永 コンロッドの破断装置
DE10122249B4 (de) * 2001-05-08 2005-06-16 Alfing Kessler Sondermaschinen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten von ringartigen Werkstücken
WO2003015971A1 (en) * 2001-07-26 2003-02-27 Gottfried Hoffmann Dynamic splitting of connecting rods
US6782609B1 (en) 2002-08-12 2004-08-31 Unova Ip Corp. Connecting rod cracking apparatus
DE10320372A1 (de) * 2003-05-07 2004-12-16 Alfing Kessler Sondermaschinen Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bruchtrennen von Lagerdeckeln
US7250070B2 (en) 2003-06-10 2007-07-31 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fractured powder metal connecting rod and a method of manufacturing the same
US20050072438A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-07 Darwish Ahmad Mohammad Cigar tobacco paper and a method for packaging the same
EP1577038A1 (de) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-21 Alfing Kessler Sondermaschinen GmbH Verfahren und Fertigungseinrichtung zur Herstellung einer geteilten Lageranordnung
DE102004020063A1 (de) * 2004-04-24 2005-11-17 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag Verfahren zum Bruchtrennen wieder zusammensetzbarer Bauteile oder deren Vormaterialien
JP4579614B2 (ja) * 2004-08-05 2010-11-10 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 コンロッド用分割装置
US8006878B2 (en) * 2004-11-25 2011-08-30 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Splitting method and device for connecting rod
WO2007055254A1 (ja) * 2005-11-09 2007-05-18 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. コネクティングロッドの製造方法及び装置
JP4833697B2 (ja) * 2005-12-01 2011-12-07 本田技研工業株式会社 コネクティングロッドの製造方法及び装置
JP4390801B2 (ja) * 2006-12-13 2009-12-24 本田技研工業株式会社 コネクティングロッドの製造装置
JP5340822B2 (ja) * 2009-06-22 2013-11-13 株式会社安永 金属製部品の破断開始部形成方法
JP2011183529A (ja) 2010-03-10 2011-09-22 Suzuki Motor Corp コンロッド破断分割装置及び破断分割方法
CN102133728A (zh) * 2010-12-11 2011-07-27 昆明台兴精密机械有限责任公司 晶片单面抛光机防撞减压装置
JP5703991B2 (ja) * 2011-06-24 2015-04-22 スズキ株式会社 コンロッドの破断分割方法及びその装置
CN203484729U (zh) * 2011-09-06 2014-03-19 盖恩度有限公司 用于涨断连杆的机器
BR112014018784A8 (pt) * 2012-01-30 2017-07-11 Metaldyne Llc Biela e método de fabricação
DE102012015385B3 (de) * 2012-08-02 2013-08-08 Alfing Kessler Sondermaschinen Gmbh Bruchtrennvorrichtung und Bruchtrennverfahren zum Bruchtrennen von Werkstücken
DE102013008115B4 (de) * 2013-05-11 2023-12-07 Neumayer Tekfor Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zur Bruchtrennung eines Pleuels und entsprechende Vorrichtung
RU2667665C2 (ru) * 2013-05-24 2018-09-24 Гайнду, С.Л. Машина и способ раскалывания шатуна
US20150364905A1 (en) * 2014-06-11 2015-12-17 Ted Russell Fehrman Conduit fitting splitter
JP6091021B2 (ja) * 2015-03-12 2017-03-08 本田技研工業株式会社 破断分割装置
CN106944737B (zh) 2017-03-28 2019-05-31 江苏大学 连杆超声辅助裂解加工方法及其加工装置
JP6930447B2 (ja) * 2018-02-01 2021-09-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 コンロッドの製造方法
AT521274B1 (de) * 2018-05-24 2019-12-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines bruchgetrennten Pleuels
KR102740238B1 (ko) * 2018-09-28 2024-12-10 셀 임팩트 아베 금속 성형 및/또는 절단을 위한 방법 및 장치
CN109434408B (zh) * 2018-12-17 2023-08-11 深圳市易广达智能科技有限公司 自动装螺套及自重下落式冲断安装柄机构
JP7340317B2 (ja) * 2019-08-05 2023-09-07 株式会社安永 コネクティングロッドの破断装置、破断方法並びにコネクティングロッドの製造方法
CN112372245A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-02-19 宁波球霸机械有限公司 一种主轴连杆的冲断工艺及其冲断设备
CN113245797B (zh) * 2021-06-10 2022-03-22 江苏威马悦达智能装备有限公司 一种用于连杆涨断的夹紧、避让机构
CN113649776B (zh) * 2021-08-17 2022-05-24 青岛青特众力车桥有限公司 一种冲击裂解的工艺及设备

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2553935A (en) * 1948-04-17 1951-05-22 F A Boucha Method of manufacturing connecting rods
US3818577A (en) * 1971-01-15 1974-06-25 Caterpillar Tractor Co Connecting rod manufacturing
US3994054A (en) * 1975-01-06 1976-11-30 Brunswick Corporation Multiple part tubular member and method and apparatus for manufacture thereof
JPS59107005A (ja) * 1982-12-11 1984-06-21 Toyota Motor Corp エンジン用焼結鍛造コネクテイングロツドおよびキヤツプの製造方法
US4569109A (en) * 1984-07-02 1986-02-11 General Motors Corporation Method of making a split bearing assembly
US4684267A (en) * 1984-07-02 1987-08-04 General Motors Corporation Split bearing assemblies
JPS6182016A (ja) * 1984-09-14 1986-04-25 Honda Motor Co Ltd 往復動機関の連接棒
JPS6271415U (de) * 1985-10-24 1987-05-07
US4754540A (en) * 1987-02-11 1988-07-05 Cincinnati Milacron Inc. Method of making bearing block for robotic manipulator
US4754906A (en) * 1987-03-11 1988-07-05 Mts Systems Corporation System for manufacturing connecting rods
US4860419A (en) * 1987-08-17 1989-08-29 General Motors Corporation Split bearing assemblies, method for making
US4768694A (en) * 1987-08-17 1988-09-06 General Motors Corporation Connecting rod fracture machine
US4936163A (en) * 1988-05-17 1990-06-26 Ford Motor Company Making a fractured powder metal connecting rod
US4970783A (en) * 1989-12-14 1990-11-20 Ford Motor Company Method of making split remateable connecting rod portions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1047463A (zh) 1990-12-05
DE58906379D1 (de) 1994-01-20
SU1816256A3 (ru) 1993-05-15
CN1021301C (zh) 1993-06-23
KR910007640A (ko) 1991-05-30
JP2695272B2 (ja) 1997-12-24
US5115564A (en) 1992-05-26
AU621748B2 (en) 1992-03-19
JPH0314904A (ja) 1991-01-23
ATE98343T1 (de) 1993-12-15
AU5489990A (en) 1990-11-15
US5169046A (en) 1992-12-08
KR970008481B1 (ko) 1997-05-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU5489990A (en) Method and apparatus for fracturing connecting rods
PT842411E (pt) Aparelho para o alinhamento paralelo de macromoleculas e sua utilizacao
EP0234033A3 (en) Carrier bracket for power cylinder
GB2001759A (en) Flow measurement
BR9004522A (pt) Processo para a preparacao de um agente aromatizante
EP0112985A3 (en) Device for the measurement of feed motions
ES2063358T3 (es) Aparato para enrollar o desenrollar cable o analogos.
KR900014264A (ko) 컨베이어상에서 이동하는 유리판의 위치 결정 방법 및 장치
FI892546A7 (fi) Roentgenapparat.
MY112935A (en) Glass gob shearing apparatus
JPS5676350A (en) Automatic assembling device for piston
ES8405648A1 (es) Aparato de forjar con estampa, y metodo correspondiente
SE9401573L (sv) Vridanordning
SU1608479A1 (ru) Установка дл испытани образцов материалов повторными ударами
JPS51124987A (en) Impact test apparatus
SU781051A1 (ru) Манипул тор
JPS5542739A (en) Cylinder cutting method and device with multi blade
NL181931C (nl) Werkwijze ter bereiding van een thermisch hardbare vormmassa, werkwijze van daarbij als glijmiddel toepasbare derivaten van aromatische aminen alsmede gevormd voortbrengsel, vervaardigd door vormgeving van de aldus bereide vormmassa.
SU555999A1 (ru) Устройство дл разделени круглого проката на мерные заготовки
SU728970A1 (ru) Приспособление дл прессовани
JPS577542A (en) Method and apparatus for testing adhesion force between intermediate film and glass
JPS5570436A (en) Forging press device which makes forging stroke variable
FR2306912A1 (fr) Appareil d'orientation ou de transfert d'articles
EP0417638A3 (en) Electron beam producing device, particularly for an electron gun
BR9004995A (pt) Processo para a preparacao de um agente aromatizante