AT394055B - METALLURGICAL VESSEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE FIREPROOF LINING OF SUCH VESSELS - Google Patents
METALLURGICAL VESSEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE FIREPROOF LINING OF SUCH VESSELS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AT394055B AT394055B AT88190A AT88190A AT394055B AT 394055 B AT394055 B AT 394055B AT 88190 A AT88190 A AT 88190A AT 88190 A AT88190 A AT 88190A AT 394055 B AT394055 B AT 394055B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- layer
- lining
- refractory
- metallurgical
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011470 perforated brick Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/44—Refractory linings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/02—Linings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
Description
AT 394 055 BAT 394 055 B
Die Erfindung betrifft ein metallurgisches Gefäß, insbesondere eine Transport- oder Behandlungspfanne für die Stahlherstellung.The invention relates to a metallurgical vessel, in particular a transport or treatment pan for steel production.
Die Auskleidungen metallurgischer Gefäße für die Stahlherstellung, es handelt sich hauptsächlich um Auskleidungen von Elektroofen, Stahltransport- oder Stahlbehandlungspfannen, werden, bestimmt von den metallurgischen Prozessen und den chemischen Eigenschaften des Stahls und der Stahlschlacke, vermehrt mit basischen Steinen hergestelltThe linings of metallurgical vessels for steel production, mainly linings for electric furnaces, steel transport pans or steel treatment pans, are increasingly produced with basic stones, determined by the metallurgical processes and the chemical properties of steel and steel slag
Es ist üblich, solche Auskleidungen mit pech-, kunstharzgebundenen oder sonst chemisch gebundenen oder gebrannten Steinen aus Magnesit oder Dolomit auszuföhren. Seit Jahren ist man bemüht solche Steine durch magnesitische oder dolomitische Massen zu ersetzen, um die kostspielige Herstellung von Steinen und die Steinverlegearbeit zu umgehen. Alle Entwicklungen solcher basischer Massen sind in die Richtung gegangen, Sintermagnesite oder Sinterdolomite mit Bindemitteln zu versetzen, die mit Wasser zu aktivieren sind wobei diese Massen mit nach der Verarbeitung zu einer monolithischen Auskleidung aushärten. Diese Versuche haben sich als nicht wirtschaftlich herausgestellLIt is customary to carry out such linings with pitch, synthetic resin-bonded or otherwise chemically bonded or burned stones made of magnesite or dolomite. For years, efforts have been made to replace such stones with magnesite or dolomitic masses in order to avoid the expensive production of stones and stone laying work. All developments of such basic masses have gone in the direction of adding sintered magnesite or sintered dolomite with binders which are to be activated with water, these masses also hardening after processing to form a monolithic lining. These attempts have proven not to be economical
Solche basische, bei Raumtemperatur chemisch bindende, monolithische Auskleidungen sind über die gesamte Mauerstärke starr. Beim Aufheizen entstehen Risse, durch die flüssiger Stahl tief eindringt und die Auskleidung großflächig zerstörtSuch basic, chemically binding, monolithic linings are rigid over the entire wall thickness. When heating up, cracks occur, through which liquid steel penetrates deeply and destroys the lining
Weiters wird bei herkömmlichen Bindungssystemen die chemische Bindung vielfach durch Zugabe von Wasser aktiviert. Dieses Wasser ist nach Aushärten und Trocknen der Auskleidung nicht vollständig zu entfernen und führt beim Aufheizen ebenfalls zur Bildung von großen Rissen. Wasser führt insbesondere bei dolomitischen Materialien zur Hydratation und damit zum Verlust der feuerfesten Eigenschaften.Furthermore, in conventional binding systems, the chemical bond is often activated by adding water. This water cannot be completely removed after the lining has hardened and dried and also leads to the formation of large cracks when heated. With dolomitic materials in particular, water leads to hydration and thus to the loss of refractory properties.
Weiters sind Auskleidungen mit trockenem, basischem Schüttmaterial für liegende und horizontale Auskleidungen in Böden von Elektroofen bekannt In einem solchen Aggregat stellt sich vielfach nicht das Problem, daß bei der ersten Befüllung des Gefäßes die Schüttung durch den Strahl flüssigen Stahls weggeschwemmt wird. Wenn solcher flüssiger Stahl der Charge zugesetzt wird, ist die Bodenschüttung durch kalten Schrott abgedeckt und damit geschütztFurthermore, linings with dry, basic bulk material for horizontal and horizontal linings in floors of electric furnaces are known. In such an aggregate, there is often no problem that when the vessel is filled for the first time, the bed is washed away by the jet of liquid steel. If such liquid steel is added to the batch, the bottom fill is covered by cold scrap and thus protected
Bei Gefäßen allerdings, wo der Stahlstrahl im freien Fall auf die Bodenauskleidung auftrifft, insbesondere bei Stahltransport- oder Stahlbehandlungspfannen, besteht sehr wohl das Problem, daß bei der ersten Befüllung des Gefäßes die Schüttung durch den Strahl flüssigen Stahls weggeschwemmt wird.In the case of vessels, however, where the steel jet hits the floor lining in free fall, in particular in the case of steel transport or steel treatment pans, there is very well the problem that when the vessel is filled for the first time, the fill is washed away by the jet of liquid steel.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Auskleidung für den Boden eines solchen Gefäßes zu schaffen, die einfach und billig herstellbar ist und eine sichere Anwendung gewährleistetThe object of the invention is to provide a lining for the bottom of such a vessel, which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and ensures safe use
Erfindungsgemäß ist daher vorgesehen, daß die Arbeitsschicht mindestens teilweise als Schüttung eines trockenen, basischen Materials vorliegt welche vor der ersten Erhitzung des Gefäßes auf der Oberseite durch eine chemisch erhärtete Schutzschicht abgedeckt ist und die nach der Beschickung des Gefäßes teilweise als monolithische Schicht vorliegt.According to the invention, it is therefore provided that the working layer is at least partially in the form of a bed of dry, basic material which is covered by a chemically hardened protective layer on the top before the first heating of the vessel and which is partially present as a monolithic layer after the vessel has been charged.
Als Arbeitsschicht wird dabei die wesentliche Schicht der Auskleidung des Gefäßes bezeichnet, die mit dem flüssigen Stahl in Kontakt kommt und abgesehen vom Verschleiß dauerhaft im Gefäß verbleibt. Die Auskleidung umfaßt weitere eine Schutzschicht. Die Arbeitsschicht wird als trockene Schüttung in das Gefäß eingebracht, das heißt, sie ist im wesentlichen wasserfrei. Sehr wohl jedoch kann das Schüttmaterial mit Öl, Bitumen, Kunstharz u. dgl. getränkt sein, um beispielsweise die Einformung zu erleichtern oder die Staubentwicklung zu vermindern. Die erstmalige Erhitzung des Gefäßes erfolgt entweder durch die erste Befüllung mit flüssigem Stahl oder durch einen eigenen Arbeitsgang, in dem die Auskleidung nach ihrer Herstellung mit Brennern etwa auf Prozeßtemperatur gebracht wird.The working layer is the essential layer of the lining of the vessel that comes into contact with the liquid steel and remains permanently in the vessel apart from wear. The lining further includes a protective layer. The working layer is introduced into the vessel as a dry bed, which means that it is essentially water-free. However, the bulk material with oil, bitumen, synthetic resin u. Like. Soaked, for example, to facilitate the molding or to reduce the development of dust. The vessel is heated for the first time either by filling it with liquid steel for the first time or by a separate process in which the lining is brought to process temperature with burners after it has been manufactured.
Sintermagnesit oder Dolomit verffitten durch Einfluß von Temperatur etwa ab 1200 °C und bilden eine verfestigte Schicht. Ausreichend für eine solche keramische Abbindung bis zu einer Schichttiefe von 40 bis 60 mm ist die Temperatur des flüssigen Stahls. Eine solche, nach Eingießen des Stahls sich durch Temperatureinwirkung aufbauende, keramisch gebundene Schicht bildet eine tragende monolithische Wand, die während des Betriebes auf der Stahlbadseite laufend verschleißt, sich aber auf der kalten Seite in Richtung Pfannenmantel fortwährend aufbaut. Die Dehnung der keramischen Schicht infolge von Temperaturschwankungen beim Füllen und Entleeren der Pfanne wird vom noch nicht keramisch gebundenen, auf der kalten Seite liegenden Schüttmaterial aufgenommen, sodaß grobe Rissigkeit der keramischen Schicht nicht entstehtSintered magnesite or dolomite spread under the influence of temperature from around 1200 ° C and form a solidified layer. The temperature of the molten steel is sufficient for such ceramic bonding down to a layer depth of 40 to 60 mm. Such a ceramic-bonded layer, which builds up after the steel has been poured in due to the action of temperature, forms a load-bearing monolithic wall that continuously wears out on the steel bath side during operation, but builds up continuously on the cold side in the direction of the pan shell. The expansion of the ceramic layer as a result of temperature fluctuations when filling and emptying the pan is absorbed by the bulk material which is not yet ceramic-bonded and lies on the cold side, so that the ceramic layer does not develop a rough crack
In einer dünnen, keramisch gebundenen, flexiblen Wand mögen bei Temperaturechwankungen feine Risse entstehen; sollte flüssiger Stahl hindurchdringen, so verläuft sich dieser im auf der kalten Seite vorhandenen Schüttmaterial.In a thin, ceramic-bonded, flexible wall, fine cracks may appear when the temperature fluctuates; if liquid steel should penetrate, it runs in the bulk material on the cold side.
Die Schutzschicht hat die Aufgabe bei der ersten Befüllung des Gefäßes ein Ausschwemmen der Auskleidung zu verhindern.The task of the protective layer is to prevent the lining from being washed out when the vessel is filled for the first time.
Eine weitere Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung besteht darin, daß in die Aibeitsschicht eine Platte, vorzugsweise aus bei Raumtemperatur chemisch abbindendem Material gegossen, eingelassen ist. Die Prallplatte leistet dem Angriff des gebündelten Stahlstrahl Widerstand. Die an die Prallplatte anschließende Schüttung ist gegen Ausschwemmen durch die Schutzschicht geschützt.A further embodiment variant of the invention consists in that a plate, preferably made of a material that chemically sets at room temperature, is embedded in the working layer. The baffle plate resists the attack of the bundled steel beam. The bed following the baffle plate is protected against being washed out by the protective layer.
Es ist auch möglich, daß die Arbeitsschicht mindestens teilweise als Schüttung eines trockenen, basischen Materials vorliegt, welche vor der ersten Beschickung des Gefäßes auf der Oberseite durch eine monolithisch verfrittete basische Schicht abgedeckt ist, die durch Erhitzung der Schüttung hergestellt ist. Die Auskleidung wird -2-It is also possible that the working layer is at least partially present as a bed of dry, basic material, which is covered on the top by a monolithically fritted basic layer, which is produced by heating the bed, before the first loading of the vessel. The lining will be -2-
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88190A AT394055B (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1990-04-12 | METALLURGICAL VESSEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE FIREPROOF LINING OF SUCH VESSELS |
| JP3508072A JPH04506109A (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Metallurgical container and method for producing a fire-resistant lining for the metallurgical container |
| EP19910908664 EP0477353A1 (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Metallurgical vessel and a process for producing the refractory lining of such vessels |
| PL91293026A PL168877B1 (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Metallurgical vessel and method of refractory lining such vessel |
| CA 2059132 CA2059132C (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Metallurgical vessel and method of making the refractory lining of such vessels |
| HU392091A HUT60789A (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Furnace pot for steel production and process for forming fireproof bottom lining of furnace pot |
| PCT/AT1991/000054 WO1991016459A1 (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Metallurgical vessel and a process for producing the refractory lining of such vessels |
| AT7769791A ATA7769791A (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Metallurgical vessel and a process for producing the refractory lining of such vessels |
| US08/113,735 US5340088A (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1993-08-30 | Metallurgical vessel and method of making the refractory lining of such vessels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88190A AT394055B (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1990-04-12 | METALLURGICAL VESSEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE FIREPROOF LINING OF SUCH VESSELS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATA88190A ATA88190A (en) | 1991-07-15 |
| AT394055B true AT394055B (en) | 1992-01-27 |
Family
ID=3501980
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88190A AT394055B (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1990-04-12 | METALLURGICAL VESSEL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE FIREPROOF LINING OF SUCH VESSELS |
| AT7769791A ATA7769791A (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Metallurgical vessel and a process for producing the refractory lining of such vessels |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT7769791A ATA7769791A (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1991-04-12 | Metallurgical vessel and a process for producing the refractory lining of such vessels |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0477353A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04506109A (en) |
| AT (2) | AT394055B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2059132C (en) |
| HU (1) | HUT60789A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL168877B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991016459A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112457029B (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-21 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Spray coating for slag pot grating and use method thereof |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1189836A (en) * | 1967-06-15 | 1970-04-29 | Lion Sa Fonderies | Improvements in Oil-fired Reflector Stoves |
| DE2852248B2 (en) * | 1978-12-02 | 1981-06-04 | Dolomitwerke GmbH, 5603 Wülfrath | Process for increasing the durability of basic converter linings when refining pig iron |
| EP0064863A1 (en) * | 1981-05-08 | 1982-11-17 | Quigley Company Inc. | Monolithic refractory layer for metallurgical vessels and method of application |
| GB2105828A (en) * | 1981-09-02 | 1983-03-30 | Ksr Int Ltd | Monolithic lining of vessels such as furnaces and parts thereof |
| AT374499B (en) * | 1982-05-14 | 1984-04-25 | Voest Alpine Ag | METHOD FOR HEATING NEW ADDED LD CONVERTERS |
| EP0249959A1 (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1987-12-23 | Dolomitwerke GmbH | Refractory mixture for refractory linings of metallurgical vessels |
| EP0318701A2 (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-07 | INTOCAST GMBH Feuerfestprodukte und Giesshilfsmittel | Method and apparatus for repairing the linings of metallurgical ladles |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1477632A (en) * | 1973-08-16 | 1977-06-22 | Foseco Int | Containers for molten metal |
| US4238121A (en) * | 1977-10-07 | 1980-12-09 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Hearth structure of an oxygen-bottom-blowing converter |
| JPS5533509A (en) * | 1978-08-31 | 1980-03-08 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Method of sintering liner of induction melting furnace |
| JPS6110756A (en) * | 1984-06-25 | 1986-01-18 | Shinei Kk | Gas sensor and manufacture thereof |
| JPS63247589A (en) * | 1986-11-28 | 1988-10-14 | ドーサン エ コンパーニュ | Lining for protecting inside of metallurgical vessel and lining forming method |
-
1990
- 1990-04-12 AT AT88190A patent/AT394055B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-04-12 WO PCT/AT1991/000054 patent/WO1991016459A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-04-12 EP EP19910908664 patent/EP0477353A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-04-12 PL PL91293026A patent/PL168877B1/en unknown
- 1991-04-12 HU HU392091A patent/HUT60789A/en unknown
- 1991-04-12 AT AT7769791A patent/ATA7769791A/en unknown
- 1991-04-12 JP JP3508072A patent/JPH04506109A/en active Pending
- 1991-04-12 CA CA 2059132 patent/CA2059132C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1189836A (en) * | 1967-06-15 | 1970-04-29 | Lion Sa Fonderies | Improvements in Oil-fired Reflector Stoves |
| DE2852248B2 (en) * | 1978-12-02 | 1981-06-04 | Dolomitwerke GmbH, 5603 Wülfrath | Process for increasing the durability of basic converter linings when refining pig iron |
| EP0064863A1 (en) * | 1981-05-08 | 1982-11-17 | Quigley Company Inc. | Monolithic refractory layer for metallurgical vessels and method of application |
| GB2105828A (en) * | 1981-09-02 | 1983-03-30 | Ksr Int Ltd | Monolithic lining of vessels such as furnaces and parts thereof |
| AT374499B (en) * | 1982-05-14 | 1984-04-25 | Voest Alpine Ag | METHOD FOR HEATING NEW ADDED LD CONVERTERS |
| EP0249959A1 (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1987-12-23 | Dolomitwerke GmbH | Refractory mixture for refractory linings of metallurgical vessels |
| EP0318701A2 (en) * | 1987-12-04 | 1989-06-07 | INTOCAST GMBH Feuerfestprodukte und Giesshilfsmittel | Method and apparatus for repairing the linings of metallurgical ladles |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA7769791A (en) | 1991-11-11 |
| HUT60789A (en) | 1992-10-28 |
| JPH04506109A (en) | 1992-10-22 |
| ATA88190A (en) | 1991-07-15 |
| EP0477353A1 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
| WO1991016459A1 (en) | 1991-10-31 |
| CA2059132A1 (en) | 1991-10-13 |
| PL168877B1 (en) | 1996-04-30 |
| PL293026A1 (en) | 1992-06-26 |
| CA2059132C (en) | 1998-02-03 |
| HU913920D0 (en) | 1992-04-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELJ | Ceased due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| UEP | Publication of translation of european patent specification | ||
| REN | Ceased due to non-payment of the annual fee |