ATE146370T1 - Mittel zur fixierung von giftabfällen und verfahren zu dessen gebrauch - Google Patents
Mittel zur fixierung von giftabfällen und verfahren zu dessen gebrauchInfo
- Publication number
- ATE146370T1 ATE146370T1 AT92203020T AT92203020T ATE146370T1 AT E146370 T1 ATE146370 T1 AT E146370T1 AT 92203020 T AT92203020 T AT 92203020T AT 92203020 T AT92203020 T AT 92203020T AT E146370 T1 ATE146370 T1 AT E146370T1
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- sulfate
- fixants
- ferric
- compounds
- agent
- Prior art date
Links
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 title 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 abstract 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 231100000701 toxic element Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/24—Organic substances containing heavy metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/43—Inorganic substances containing heavy metals, in the bonded or free state
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/45—Inorganic substances containing nitrogen or phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0004—Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
- C04B2103/0013—Iron group metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0004—Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
- C04B2103/0021—Compounds of elements having a valency of 3
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0004—Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
- C04B2103/0022—Compounds of elements having a valency of 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
- C04B2111/00784—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes for disposal only
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL9101656A NL9101656A (nl) | 1991-10-01 | 1991-10-01 | Fixeermiddel voor giftig afval en werkwijze ter bereiding en toepassing daarvan. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ATE146370T1 true ATE146370T1 (de) | 1997-01-15 |
Family
ID=19859767
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT92203020T ATE146370T1 (de) | 1991-10-01 | 1992-09-30 | Mittel zur fixierung von giftabfällen und verfahren zu dessen gebrauch |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5347077A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0535758B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE146370T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2079507C (de) |
| CZ (1) | CZ300892A3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE69216034T2 (de) |
| HU (1) | HU212614B (de) |
| NL (1) | NL9101656A (de) |
| SK (1) | SK300892A3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2695577B1 (fr) * | 1992-09-14 | 1994-12-02 | Lafarge Fondu Int | Procédé de traitement des résidus d'incinération de déchets urbains, et produits obtenus. |
| FR2703604B1 (fr) * | 1993-04-06 | 1995-05-19 | Sol Cie | Procédé et stabilisation et de solidification de déchets polluants, produits obtenus par ce procédé, et produits pour le mettre en Óoeuvre. |
| NL9302114A (nl) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-04-03 | Pelt & Hooykaas | Werkwijze voor het immobiliseren van met metaalionen verontreinigd materiaal, alsmede een gevormd voorwerp met een matrix met reducerende eigenschappen. |
| NL9301546A (nl) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-04-03 | Pelt & Hooykaas | Werkwijze voor het immobiliseren van verontreinigd materiaal, alsmede een gevormd voorwerp met een matrix met reducerende eigenschappen. |
| BR9408510A (pt) * | 1993-12-29 | 1997-03-04 | Buckman Labor Inc | Composiçao e processo para reduzir our evitar a formaçao de contaminantes em drenagens oriundas de resíduos e refugos de pedra |
| NL9400292A (nl) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-10-02 | Pelt & Hooykaas | Werkwijze voor het immobiliseren van milieuschadelijke organische en anorganische verbindingen. |
| US5403496A (en) * | 1994-03-31 | 1995-04-04 | Drew Chemical Corporation | Process for stabilizing metals in ash |
| NZ307966A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1999-11-29 | Rmt Inc | Method of treating arsenic-contaminated matter using aluminum compounds |
| US5640704A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-06-17 | Snyder; Thomas S. | Process for solidification and immobilization of harmful waste species |
| US5700107A (en) * | 1995-07-25 | 1997-12-23 | Habour Remediation And Transfer Inc. (Hr&T) | Method of soil remediation |
| US6492572B2 (en) * | 1995-08-29 | 2002-12-10 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for remediating contaminated soils |
| US5683344A (en) * | 1996-08-09 | 1997-11-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method for solidification and stabilization of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic compounds including explosive compounds |
| US6254312B1 (en) | 1998-06-18 | 2001-07-03 | Rmt, Inc. | Stabilization of arsenic-contaminated materials |
| US6843617B2 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2005-01-18 | Rmt, Inc. | Stabilization of toxic metals in a waste matrix and pore water |
| US6409819B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2002-06-25 | International Mineral Technology Ag | Alkali activated supersulphated binder |
| ES2187349B2 (es) * | 2001-05-10 | 2004-12-16 | Universidad De Cantabria. | Procedimiento de inertizacion de lodos que contienen carga contaminante organica e inorganica. |
| US7029202B2 (en) * | 2002-07-22 | 2006-04-18 | Zhuang J Ming | Method for treating metal-contaminated water and soil |
| FR2854088B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-23 | 2006-09-29 | Inertec | Procede de fixation des cyanures dans les dechets solides ou dans les eaux |
| GB0505330D0 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2005-04-20 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Waste disposal method |
| US20090306452A1 (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-12-10 | Payne Frederick C | Apparatus for treating a contaminated media with a sorbent |
| US20110049057A1 (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-03 | Grubb Dennis G | Metal Immobilization Using Slag Fines |
| FR2955320B1 (fr) * | 2010-01-20 | 2016-02-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede pour preparer un materiau composite a partir de dechets et materiau ainsi obtenu. |
| JP6619193B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-30 | 2019-12-11 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | 残土処理材及び残土の処理方法 |
| AU2019361542B2 (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-09-23 | Uenme Global Pty Ltd | Use of composition as a growth promotant for plants |
| WO2021081151A1 (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-29 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Binder composition for soil and solidification treatment method for soil |
| CN112341127A (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-09 | 广西云燕特种水泥建材有限公司 | 一种淤泥固化剂及其生产方法 |
| JP2022085246A (ja) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-08 | 国際航業株式会社 | 砒素吸着層構築方法 |
| CN113351621B (zh) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-11-08 | 成都锐思环保技术股份有限公司 | 一种脱硫废水零排放高含盐产物资源化的方法 |
| CN113637482B (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-12-20 | 四川正升环保科技有限公司 | 石油烃类有机污染土壤修复药剂及其制备方法,污染土壤修复方法 |
| JP7814985B2 (ja) * | 2022-03-09 | 2026-02-17 | Ube三菱セメント株式会社 | セメント系固化材 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS53144872A (en) * | 1977-05-25 | 1978-12-16 | Takenaka Komuten Co | Solidification method* solidifying agent and additive aid for wastes |
| US4142912A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1979-03-06 | Union Oil Company Of California | Landfill material |
| US4668124A (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1987-05-26 | Engelhard Corporation | Disposal of material containing vanadium as landfill |
| JPH066177B2 (ja) * | 1987-01-13 | 1994-01-26 | 大豊産業株式会社 | 産業廃棄物を利用した液状有機ハロゲン化物の固定化処理剤、同固定化処理方法及び同燃焼処理方法 |
| US4822496A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1989-04-18 | Degussa Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the treatment of effluent containing cyanide and toxic metals, using hydrogen peroxide and trimercaptotriazine |
| NL9002335A (nl) * | 1990-10-25 | 1992-05-18 | Pelt & Hooykaas | In een matrix ingebedde, niet uitloogbare organische verbindingen. |
-
1991
- 1991-10-01 NL NL9101656A patent/NL9101656A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1992
- 1992-09-30 CA CA002079507A patent/CA2079507C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-09-30 AT AT92203020T patent/ATE146370T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-09-30 DE DE69216034T patent/DE69216034T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-09-30 EP EP19920203020 patent/EP0535758B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-01 HU HU9203131A patent/HU212614B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-01 SK SK3008-92A patent/SK300892A3/sk unknown
- 1992-10-01 US US07/955,296 patent/US5347077A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-01 CZ CS923008A patent/CZ300892A3/cs unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0535758B1 (de) | 1996-12-18 |
| US5347077A (en) | 1994-09-13 |
| EP0535758A1 (de) | 1993-04-07 |
| HUT65905A (en) | 1994-07-28 |
| CA2079507C (en) | 2005-06-14 |
| HU212614B (en) | 1996-09-30 |
| DE69216034D1 (de) | 1997-01-30 |
| CZ300892A3 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
| SK300892A3 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
| DE69216034T2 (de) | 1997-06-19 |
| CA2079507A1 (en) | 1993-04-02 |
| NL9101656A (nl) | 1993-05-03 |
| HU9203131D0 (en) | 1993-03-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| RER | Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties |