BE364576A - - Google Patents

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Publication number
BE364576A
BE364576A BE364576DA BE364576A BE 364576 A BE364576 A BE 364576A BE 364576D A BE364576D A BE 364576DA BE 364576 A BE364576 A BE 364576A
Authority
BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
sep
mineral
lubricants
frost
oils
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
French (fr)
Publication of BE364576A publication Critical patent/BE364576A/fr

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/06Mixtures of thickeners and additives
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    • C10M117/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof
    • C10M117/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular carboxylic acid or salt thereof having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
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    • C10M125/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/10Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C10M125/14Water
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/06Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/08Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least 2 hydroxy groups
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/16Ethers
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2201/00Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2201/06Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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    • C10M2201/06Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/063Peroxides
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    • C10M2207/02Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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    • C10M2207/044Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms, e.g. furans, dioxolanes
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    • C10M2207/046Hydroxy ethers
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    • C10M2207/10Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/121Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/122Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
    • C10M2207/1225Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic used as thickening agent
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    • C10M2207/125Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2207/1265Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic used as thickening agent
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    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/50Medical uses

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

       

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



         Lubrifiants résistant au gel ". 



    @   
On a trouvé suivant la présente invention qu'on peut préparer des lubrifiants résistant au gel en mélangeant des huiles ou des graisses d'origine minérale, végétale ou animale avec des alcools polyvalents tels que l'éthylène-,   le   propylène- ou le   butylèneglycol,,   la.

   glycérine etc.,-ou leurs produits de transformation, notamment les polyalcools, par exemple le   diéthylèneglycol,   les polyglycols, le dioxane, ou les dérivés d'alcools de ce genre qui ne sont pas des graisses, par exemple les éthers, ou les esters tels que l'é- thylglycol, le crésylglycol, les éthers polyglycoliques, en 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 présence d'agents dispersifs ou humidifiants, etc., tels que les sels d'acides carboniques supérieurs, les sels d'a- cides sulfoniques, les huiles pour rouge turc par exemple, les sels d'acides gras, l'oléate de triéthanolamine, les sels sodiques ou ammoniacaux des acides propyl- ou butyl- naphtalènesulfonique, etc. et, le cas échéant, d'autres produits additionnels.

   Par le choix conforme des composants isolés ou par l'emploi de mélanges de corps de ce genre, de même que par addition d'autres substances, spécialement aussi d'eau ou de diluants tels que les alcools, les éthers, les esters, les sels, par exemple le lactate ou le benzoate de soude, le chlorure d'ammonium, le chlorure de calcium, le chlorure de magnésium, etc., ou de substances ayant une action alcaline, permettant en même temps d'empêcher une attaque du métal etc., par exemple la soude carbonatée, la potasse carbonatée, les phosphates alcalins, les hydroxydes alcalins, le borax., on peut obtenir des lubrifiants allant des graisses à consistance élevée jusqu'aux produits fluides, et par là même adapter parfaitement les lubrifiants au but qu'on se propose.

   Pour la préparation, on peut partir aussi des émulsions d'huiles ou de graisses se trouvant déjà dans le commerce, telles que les huiles ou graisses pour perceuses et aléseuses. Les agents résistant au gel ainsi obtenus peu- vent être utilisés partout où les huiles ou les graisses étaient employées jusqu'à présent comme lubrifiants.

   Etant donné leur très bonne stabilité au froid et leur viscosité relativement faible à des températures bien inférieures à 0 C., on peut remplacer les lubrifiants employés jusqu'à présent par ces agents avec un succès marqué partout où il peut se produire des dérangements par suite de congélation      

 <Desc/Clms Page number 3> 

 ou d'épaississement dûs aux basses températures, comme par exemple dans les installations de signaux de chemin de fer,   etc.

   / dans   les appareils de commande des aiguilles et des barrières, dans les aiguilles elles-mêmes, dans les poulies des fils de transmission aux appareils, dans les tiroirs à vapeur des locomotives, dans les axes, dans les paliers etc., 
On peut aussi employer ces agents résistant au froid comme liquides transmetteurs de la force dans les machines ou ap- pareils hydrauliques tels que les freins, presses,appareils de levage. De plus on peut éviter au moyen de ces produits la formation de couches isolantes par production de glace, de givre, etc., aux contacts électriques soumis aux   influen-   ces atmosphériques, par exemple dans les aiguilles électriques. 



   EXEMPLE 1. 



   On mélange dans un malaxeur approprié 85 parties de graisse pour perceuses, 13 parties d'éthylèneglycol, 2 par- ties d'eau et 0. 5 partie de soude carbonatée calcinée, jusqu'à formation d'une masse homogène. On peut employer le produit obtenu au lieu des graisses utilisées jusqu'à présent pour le graissage d'installation de signaux, de freins pneumatiques, d'aiguilles de chemin de fer etc.,   ainsi   que pour enduire des contacts électriques,l'emploi de ce produit permettant d'assurer un fonctionnement sûr de ces appareillages, aussi à des températures basses. 



   EXEMPLE 2. 



   On mélange 10 parties   d'éthylèneglycol,   2 parties d'eau, 0.03 partie de soude carbonatée calcinée et 88 parties de graisse pour perceuses en une masse homogène. Cette masse 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 4> 

 est plus visqueuse que celle obtenue dans l'exemple 1; elle est spécialement indiquée pour le graissage d'aiguilles de changement de voie, de poulies des ,fils de transmission aux appareils etc. 



   Si au lieu   d'éthylèneglycol,   on emploie la même quantité de glycérine, on obtient un lubrifiant un   peplus   consistant. 



   On obtient des résultats analogues si on emploie les huiles au lieu des graisses pour perceuses. 



   EXEMPLE 3. 



   On fond ensemble 170 kg d'acides gras solides con- tenant 60 à   70%   d'acides gras libres à côté de glycérides neutres 300 kg d'huile à broches et 89 kg de glycol à   50-60"C,   puis on ajoute en mélangeant soigneusement la solution de 30 kg de potasse caustique dans 220 à 300 kg d'eau et on continue de mélanger jusqu'à ce qu'il se forme une émulsion homogène. On obtient, après refroidissement, un lubrifiant résistant au gel, dont la consistance reste pratiquement la même aussi      aux basses températures, et qui empêche la prise par congéla- tion, en présence d'humidité, de parties mobiles, de même que la formation de givre. 



   Les quantités d'eau ajoutées dans ce mélange peuvent varier dans de larges limites. 



   On obtient des résultats analogues avec d'autres alcools polyvalents ou avec leurs produits de transformation ou leurs dérivés. 



   EXEMPLE 4. 



   Les mélanges dont la composition est indiquée à titre d'exemple dans le tableau ci-après sont également des   lubri-   fiants résistant bien au   gel,: , ;   

 <Desc/Clms Page number 5> 

   -: - T A B L E A U -:-   
 EMI5.1 
 k)17..ad.

   300 kg q'ànlle 180 lltres du éthyl% neglycol 1 40 lcg due au 1110 xg de lactate 
 EMI5.2 
 
<tb> pour <SEP> broches <SEP> caustique <SEP> ,,'de <SEP> soude
<tb> )120 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'acides <SEP> gras <SEP> de <SEP> suif <SEP> 400 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'huile <SEP> 400 <SEP> " <SEP> 39" <SEP> de <SEP> potasse <SEP> 50 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'ean <SEP> 1/2 <SEP> kg <SEP> de <SEP> benzoate
<tb> 
 
 EMI5.3 
 3) 25 4 de sel sodique de pour broahee 20 de tormam1de ÉÉIÉÎÉÉà ' 1 250 kg dteau Î de soude 3 ) oide Xg de Sel de 1 minérale 80 Il de formamide Î 2µ0 kg a'eau tonique m1nérale de oraoy1glycol ton1que 15 kg de colle forte '*  1 1 5 lllµt±fli&fl 4) 120 kg d'ac1des gras de suit '1400 kg d'hu1le of 80 kg" àe àioxane 39- - - 1 30 Il 
 EMI5.4 
 
<tb> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'oléime <SEP> minérale <SEP> 39 <SEP> " <SEP> 30 <SEP> " <SEP> -
<tb> 5)

   <SEP> 120 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'acides <SEP> gras <SEP> de <SEP> suif <SEP> 300 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'huile <SEP> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'éther <SEP> monoéthylique <SEP> 39" <SEP> 100" <SEP> -
<tb> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'oléine <SEP> minérale <SEP> de <SEP> l'éthylèneglycol
<tb> 
 
 EMI5.5 
 6)120kg-d'aeidesgraS-desuit 400 kg deliuile 'f60kgd'éthyleglYC01 1398 8 " 150" 50 kg d'oléate de tr1étbano- minérale 20 kg d'alcool propylique   lam1ne 20IcgdeglyoérlDe 
 EMI5.6 
 
<tb> 5 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'alcool <SEP> benzylique
<tb> 7) <SEP> 120 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'acide <SEP> stéarique <SEP> 1300 <SEP> kg <SEP> de <SEP> suint <SEP> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP> de <SEP> glycérine <SEP> 41 <SEP> " <SEP> " <SEP> " <SEP> 40 <SEP> "
<tb> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP> d'acide <SEP> oléique <SEP> 5 <SEP> " <SEP> de <SEP> soude <SEP>  
<tb> carbonatée
<tb> 
 
 EMI5.7 
 8)

   200 kg d'ac1des gras 1200 kg d'huUede 1 80 kg d'étbylèneglyool 139 kg de potasse 1150 Il d'huile d-arachide ricin miscible caustique lthuile minérale 200 kg d'haile 
 EMI5.8 
 
<tb> minérale
<tb> 9) <SEP> 200 <SEP> kg <SEP> de <SEP> cire <SEP> de <SEP> montan <SEP> 200 <SEP> kg <SEP> de <SEP> vaseline <SEP> 200 <SEP> kg <SEP> " <SEP> 37 <SEP> kg <SEP> de <SEP> potasse <SEP> 150 <SEP> " <SEP> " <SEP> -
<tb> 
 
 EMI5.9 
 d'indice d'acide 149 200kgd.S:S caustique d'indice à'aaide 149 pour broches caustique Brevet ? 651869 du 29/3/28 1 pour broches :

  Brevet 651869 29/3/28 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 6> 

 
Leur préparation s'effectue généralement en fondant ensemble les acides gras, les graisses ou les huiles animales, végétales ou minérales, les alcools etc. à température appro- priée, par exemple vers 50 - 70" C., après quoi on ajoute en mélangeant bien les solutions aqueuses de l'alcali et des sels etc.,, et on continue de mélanger jusqu'à refroidissement de la masse. Le mélange ? 3 fait exception à cette méthode générale de préparation, en ce sens qu'il faut dissoudre ou mélanger en une émulsion homogène, tout d'abord à chaud, le sel de sodium de l'acide   isopropyl-naphtalinesulfonique   avec l'eau puis ajouter cette solution ou émulsion peu à peu au mélange de l'huile avec les autres substances.

   Il faut tou- jours mesurer les quantités d'alcali de façon à ce que le lu- brifiant soit à réaction neutre, ou mieux encore alcaline.



   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



         Freeze-resistant lubricants ".



    @
It has been found according to the present invention that frost-resistant lubricants can be prepared by mixing oils or fats of mineral, vegetable or animal origin with polyvalent alcohols such as ethylene-, propylene- or butylene glycol, ,   the.

   glycerin etc., - or their transformation products, in particular polyalcohols, for example diethylene glycol, polyglycols, dioxane, or derivatives of alcohols of this kind which are not fats, for example ethers, or esters such as ethyl glycol, cresyl glycol, polyglycol ethers, in

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 presence of dispersing or wetting agents, etc., such as salts of higher carbonic acids, salts of sulfonic acids, Turkish red oils for example, salts of fatty acids, triethanolamine oleate , sodium or ammoniacal salts of propyl- or butyl-naphthalenesulfonic acids, etc. and, where appropriate, other additional products.

   By the correct selection of the isolated components or by the use of such substance mixtures, as well as by the addition of other substances, especially also water or diluents such as alcohols, ethers, esters, salts, for example sodium lactate or benzoate, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, etc., or substances having an alkaline action, at the same time making it possible to prevent attack on the metal etc., for example carbonated soda, carbonated potash, alkali phosphates, alkali hydroxides, borax., it is possible to obtain lubricants ranging from greases of high consistency to fluid products, and thereby perfectly adapt the lubricants to the goal we propose.

   For the preparation, it is also possible to start with emulsions of oils or fats which are already commercially available, such as oils or greases for drills and boring machines. The frost resistant agents thus obtained can be used wherever oils or greases have heretofore been employed as lubricants.

   Due to their very good cold stability and their relatively low viscosity at temperatures well below 0 ° C., the lubricants hitherto used by these agents can be replaced with marked success wherever there may be problems as a result. freezing

 <Desc / Clms Page number 3>

 or thickening due to low temperatures, for example in railway signal installations, etc.

   / in switchgear and barrier control devices, in the needles themselves, in the pulleys of the transmission wires to the devices, in the steam drawers of locomotives, in the axles, in the bearings etc.,
These cold-resistant agents can also be used as force-transmitting fluids in machines or hydraulic devices such as brakes, presses, lifting devices. Moreover, by means of these products, it is possible to avoid the formation of insulating layers by production of ice, frost, etc., at electrical contacts subjected to atmospheric influences, for example in electrical needles.



   EXAMPLE 1.



   85 parts drill grease, 13 parts ethylene glycol, 2 parts water and 0.5 parts carbonated soda ash are mixed in a suitable mixer until a homogeneous mass is formed. The product obtained can be used instead of the greases used up to now for the lubrication of signal installations, pneumatic brakes, railway points etc., as well as for coating electrical contacts, the use of this product ensuring safe operation of these devices, also at low temperatures.



   EXAMPLE 2.



   10 parts of ethylene glycol, 2 parts of water, 0.03 part of calcined carbonated soda and 88 parts of grease for drills are mixed into a homogeneous mass. This mass

 <Desc / Clms Page number 4>

 is more viscous than that obtained in Example 1; it is specially indicated for lubricating lane change needles, pulleys, transmission wires to devices, etc.



   If instead of ethylene glycol the same amount of glycerin is used, a more consistent lubricant is obtained.



   Similar results are obtained if the oils are used instead of drill greases.



   EXAMPLE 3.



   170 kg of solid fatty acids containing 60-70% free fatty acids are melted together, along with neutral glycerides, 300 kg of pin oil and 89 kg of glycol at 50-60 ° C, then added in carefully mixing the solution of 30 kg of caustic potash in 220 to 300 kg of water and mixing continues until a homogeneous emulsion is formed. After cooling, a frost-resistant lubricant is obtained, whose consistency remains practically the same also at low temperatures, and which prevents freezing, in the presence of humidity, of moving parts, as well as the formation of frost.



   The amounts of water added to this mixture can vary within wide limits.



   Similar results are obtained with other polyvalent alcohols or with their transformation products or their derivatives.



   EXAMPLE 4.



   The mixtures, the composition of which is given by way of example in the table below are also lubricants which are well resistant to frost:,;

 <Desc / Clms Page number 5>

   -: - BOARD -:-
 EMI5.1
 k) 17..ad.

   300 kg q'ànl 180 liters of ethyl% neglycol 1 40 lcg due to 1110 xg of lactate
 EMI5.2
 
<tb> for <SEP> pins <SEP> caustic <SEP> ,, 'of <SEP> soda
<tb>) 120 <SEP> kg <SEP> of acids <SEP> fatty <SEP> of <SEP> tallow <SEP> 400 <SEP> kg <SEP> of oil <SEP> 400 <SEP> "< SEP> 39 "<SEP> of <SEP> potash <SEP> 50 <SEP> kg <SEP> of an <SEP> 1/2 <SEP> kg <SEP> of <SEP> benzoate
<tb>
 
 EMI5.3
 3) 25 4 sodium salt of pour broahee 20 of tormam1de EIÉÉÉÉ to 1250 kg of water Î of soda 3) oide Xg of Salt of 1 mineral 80 II of formamide Î 2µ0 kg of mineral tonic water of oraoy1glycol ton1que 15 kg of glue strong '* 1 1 5 lllµt ± fli & fl 4) 120 kg of fatty acids following' 1400 kg of oil of 80 kg "ioxane 39- - - 1 30 Il
 EMI5.4
 
<tb> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP> of oleime <SEP> mineral <SEP> 39 <SEP> "<SEP> 30 <SEP>" <SEP> -
<tb> 5)

   <SEP> 120 <SEP> kg <SEP> of acids <SEP> fatty <SEP> of <SEP> tallow <SEP> 300 <SEP> kg <SEP> of oil <SEP> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP > monoethyl ether <SEP> <SEP> 39 "<SEP> 100" <SEP> -
<tb> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP> of olein <SEP> mineral <SEP> of <SEP> ethylene glycol
<tb>
 
 EMI5.5
 6) 120kg-ofgraS-desuit 400 kg of 60kg ethylglYC01 oil 1398 8 "150" 50 kg of tri-etbano-mineral oleate 20 kg of propyl alcohol lam1ne 20IcgdeglyoérlDe
 EMI5.6
 
<tb> 5 <SEP> kg <SEP> of benzyl alcohol <SEP>
<tb> 7) <SEP> 120 <SEP> kg <SEP> of <SEP> stearic acid <SEP> 1300 <SEP> kg <SEP> of <SEP> soot <SEP> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP> of <SEP> glycerin <SEP> 41 <SEP> "<SEP>" <SEP> "<SEP> 40 <SEP>"
<tb> 80 <SEP> kg <SEP> of oleic acid <SEP> <SEP> 5 <SEP> "<SEP> of <SEP> soda <SEP>
<tb> carbonated
<tb>
 
 EMI5.7
 8)

   200 kg of fatty acids 1200 kg of oil 1 80 kg of ethylene glycol 139 kg of potash 1150 Il of caustic miscible castor peanut oil with mineral oil 200 kg of hail
 EMI5.8
 
<tb> mineral
<tb> 9) <SEP> 200 <SEP> kg <SEP> of <SEP> wax <SEP> of <SEP> montan <SEP> 200 <SEP> kg <SEP> of <SEP> Vaseline <SEP> 200 < SEP> kg <SEP> "<SEP> 37 <SEP> kg <SEP> of <SEP> potash <SEP> 150 <SEP>" <SEP> "<SEP> -
<tb>
 
 EMI5.9
 of acid number 149,200kgd.S: S caustic index using 149 for caustic pins Patent? 651869 of 29/3/28 1 for spindles:

  Patent 651869 3/29/28

 <Desc / Clms Page number 6>

 
Their preparation is generally carried out by melting together fatty acids, animal, vegetable or mineral fats or oils, alcohols etc. at a suitable temperature, for example around 50-70 "C., after which the aqueous solutions of the alkali and salts etc. are added with mixing well and mixing is continued until the mass has cooled. The mixture? 3 is an exception to this general method of preparation, in that it is necessary to dissolve or mix in a homogeneous emulsion, first of all hot, the sodium salt of isopropyl-naphthalinesulfonic acid with water. then add this solution or emulsion little by little to the mixture of oil with the other substances.

   It is always necessary to measure the amounts of alkali so that the lubricant reacts neutral, or better still alkaline.


    

Claims (1)

-:- R E S U M E -:- ----------- L'invention a pour objet: 1) Un procédé de préparation de lubrifiants résistant au gel, consistant à mélanger des huiles ou des graisses d'o- rigine minérale, végétale ou animale avec des alcools polyva- lents ou leurs produits de transformation ou des dérivés d'al- cools de ce genre etc. en présence d'agents dispersifs ou hu- midifiants etc., et, le cas échéant, d'autres additions. -:- ABSTRACT -:- ----------- The subject of the invention is: 1) A process for the preparation of frost resistant lubricants, consisting in mixing oils or fats of mineral, vegetable or animal origin with polyvalent alcohols or their transformation products or alcohol derivatives of this kind etc. in the presence of dispersing or moisturizing agents, etc., and, where appropriate, other additions. 2) L'emploi comme lubrifiants résistant au gel de mélanges contenant des huiles ou des graisses d'origine mi- nérale, végétale ou animale, puis des alcools polyvalents ou leurs produits de transformation ou des dérivés d'alcools de ce genre etc., puis des agents dispersifs ou humidifiants et le cas échéant encore d'autres additions, telles que l'eau, <Desc/Clms Page number 7> les diluants etc. 2) The use as frost-resistant lubricants of mixtures containing oils or fats of mineral, vegetable or animal origin, then polyvalent alcohols or their transformation products or derivatives of such alcohols, etc., then dispersing or humidifying agents and where appropriate still other additions, such as water, <Desc / Clms Page number 7> thinners etc. 3) Les lubrifiants tels qu'ils sont spécifiés sous 1). 3) Lubricants as specified under 1).
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