BE473162A

BE473162A - Rail bogie

Info

Publication number: BE473162A
Application number: BE473162A
Authority: BE
Original assignee: Acec
Priority date: 1946-05-13
Filing date: 1947-05-09
Publication date: 1947-06-30
Also published as: FR946468A

Description

       

   <EMI ID=1.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=2.1> 

  
actuels tout en rendant les! 'marnes services. 

  
Un autre obje,t de l'invention est de réaliser un 

  
 <EMI ID=3.1> 

  
qui comporte un mode de suspension amélioré pour le moteur,

  
du fait duquel chacun des moteurs;' de traction est solidement

  
 <EMI ID=4.1> 

  
béré promptement pour permettre de- démonter les moteurs aux

  
fins d'entretien... 

  
 <EMI ID=5.1>  bogie dans lequel la traverse soit supportée par des ressorts et non par les biellettea= habituelles et de réaliser des tampons élastiques qui transmettent toutes, les forces de traction et de ralentissement du bogio à la caisse de la

  
 <EMI ID=6.1> 

  
. traverse. 

  
Un autre objet de l'invention est de réaliser une traverse. entièrement supportée par des ressorts- qui sont les-, ressorts: principaux du bogie conformément à la demande de brevet U.S.A. déposée le 4 septembre 1945 pour:[deg.]'  Improvement in Rail.Truck" et de réaliser un système de ressorts s'ajoutant aux ressorts principaux par l'effet desquels on puisse ^corriger les défauts dans l'agencement des ressorts et compenser les différences de poids qu'ils, doivent supporter et les différences dans- les conditions du trafic, de sorte que le monteur du bogie puisse, ajuster les-caractéristiques de la suspension à chaque cas qui se présente. Suivant une application de l'invention décrite ciaprès:, on fait varier la résistance des ressorts.. aux mouvements transversaux par rapport à leur résistance aux mouvements' élastiques verticaux.

   Selon la présente invention le dispositif par lequel on fait varier la résistance aux mouvements transversaux est complété par un dispositif de réglage élastique additionnel qui peut être installé par lo constructeur pour ajouter une résistance additionnelle prédéterminée s'opposant au mouvement oscillatoire de la traverse et que le monteur peut modifier ensuite s'il lé veut pour augmenter ou diminuer la résistance ainsi opposée. 

  
 <EMI ID=7.1>  

  
 <EMI ID=8.1> 

  
vention, l'une' des extrémités de la

  
/ et enlevée traverse étant supposée rompue/et les tampons- élastiques dont il sera question ci-après, étant représentés en coupè;  La figure 2 est une élévation latérale du bogie de la figure 1- avec les enveloppes d'essieu supposées:!'rompues et' enlevées, les roues étant .représentées en traits; . mixtes*- et les ressorts; de la traverse .étant enlevés; <EMI ID=9.1> 

  
ronce désignent les mêmes éléments ou organes.

  
Les enveloppes .d'essieu 1 du bogie comportent des essieux 2(fig.2) aux extrémités- extérieures'desquels sont mon-

  
 <EMI ID=10.1>  serrée. L'autre extrémité de /chaque longeron forme avec le chapeau 8 correspondant un orifice circulaire recevant des fourrures en matière élastique 9 comme le caoutchouc qui entoure l'on-

  
 <EMI ID=11.1> 

  
res en caoutchouc sur les enveloppes d'essieu. Les fourrures en  caoutchouc,' de l'un des longerons 5 se trouvent à des angles-

  
 <EMI ID=12.1> 

  
grande rigidité 'dans le plan horizontal mais doué do souplesse dans; le sens:, verticale de sorte que l'une quelconque des roues peut suivre les dénivellations? du rail sur lequel elle roule.

  
Les enveloppes 1 comprennent également des carters d'engrenages- 10 logeant les engrenages ((non représentés) par lesquels; les essieux 2 sont actionnés par. les arbres de trans-

  
 <EMI ID=13.1> 

  
bride 14 articulée et articulée à une extrémité d'un berceau cintré 15, comme représenté sur la fig.5. Selon cette figure, chacun des berceaux comporte une broche. 16 soudée à son autre extrémité, une ouverture adjacente à la broche étant prévue. dans chaque berceau pour recevoir un crochet de support 17.  Une brocha 18 formant pivot supporte le crochet 17 à partir de la poutre 13:; cette broche; 18 comporte un prolongement 19

  
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abaissant le prolongement 19, le crochet 17 se soulève en serrant le berceau 15 sur le moteur)' ce qui fait porter le moteur avec force sur,la poutre 13 et le maintient fermement en place. Quand on fait tourner la vis 20 de' façon à l'éloigner du prolongement 19, le crochet 17 est à même de pivoter' vers- .le bas ce qui desserre; le berceau 15. Le berceau peut alors basculer  <EMI ID=15.1> 

  
moteur du bogie aux fins' de réparation ou de remplacement. 

  
Les poutres; 13. sont montées en sens inverse l'une par rapport à l'autre et chacune d'elles: est supportée à une extrémi-

  
 <EMI ID=16.1> 

  
retenus dans- le sens longitudinal par les -.plaques métalliques' 35  <EMI ID=17.1> 

  
rent aux plaques -37 fixées- aux longerons 5. Ces sabots ne sont pas du type classique, et renferment des'-bobines électriques lesquelles, quand elles sont mises sous tension, aimantent un noyau qui applique .chacun des sabots sur le rail correspondant, d'où résulte le freinage. Comme les sabots; de ce système et leur  fonctionnement sont bien connus, on n'a pas représenté leur agen'cernent intérieur. 

  
 <EMI ID=18.1> 

  
cevant le pivot de la caisse(non représenté) et allô comporte à chaque extrémité une partie en forme de cuvette circulaire 40 comportant un rebord 41(fig.3) orienté vers; le bas et formant ainsi un logement pour les ressorts du. bogie. Au fond du loge-

  
 <EMI ID=19.1> 

  
ne broche 43, cette extrémité étant arrondie pour pouvoir accomplir dos mouvements relatifs de bascule par rapport au grain 42. La broche 43 comporte un épaulement près de son extrémité supérieure sur lequel prend appui ou est fixée la cuvette de ressort
44 laquelle comporte deux saillies circulaires 45 en faisant partie intégrante.

  
Un grand ressort à boudin 46 prend appui sur la cu-

  
 <EMI ID=20.1> 

  
et repose par son autre extrémité directement sur le longeron 5. Un deuxième ressort à boudin 47 concentrique au ressort 46 prend appui sur la cuvette; 44 entre les saillies circulaires 45 et ropose par son extrémité inférieure sur. une cuvette de ressort inférieure 48. La cuvette 48 comporte un mamelon formant rotule 49

  
 <EMI ID=21.1> 

  
est monté concentriquement à l'intérieur de la saillie circulaire intérieure 45 un ressort en caoutchouc 51 comportant une face supérieure conique et qui est légèrement conique sur sa paroi '. latérale. Le haut de ce ressort prend, appui sur la. cuvette-. 

  
 <EMI ID=22.1> 

  
Intérieurement au ressort 51 est ménagé un vide audessous de l'extrémité de la broche 42 pour rendre le ressort plus doux lorsqu'il, est sollicité par une charge verticale .. Ce ressort n'est pas sollicité tant que les traverses n'ont pas à

  
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Le fonctionnement des ressorts de traverse du 'type. général. représenté sur les dessins annexés-. a été décrit à pro-

  
 <EMI ID=24.1> 

  
de brevet U.S.A. déposée le-, 4 septembre 1945, .déjà mentionnée. En peu do mots, sous une charge verticale transmise par la tra- . verse les trois ressorts 46 / 47. et 51 travaillent conjointement.

  
.Le ressort en caoutchouc se trouvant soumis à une sollicitation combinée de cisaillement; de flexion et de compression, a une  courbe charges-affaissement un peu plus;-.. raide que celles, desressorts? à boudin, de sorte que sous une charge verticale la courbe charge-affaissement composée de tous- ces' ressorts pré- <EMI ID=25.1> 

  
té: dans la demande U.S.A. précitée, l'augmentation de raideur n'est pas' aussi grande que dans ce ressort si on utilise dans les: deux cas un caoutchouc de même dureté':, mesurée au duromètre:

  
Sous les mouvements oscillatoires transversaux de,la traverse, les ressorts: 47 et 51, ne font .que basculer, avec les

  
 <EMI ID=26.1> 

  
sens transversal. Le ressort 46 s'affaisse transversalement par-  ce qu'il repose directement sur 'le longeron 5 de sorte que.sa spire du bas reste immobile tandis - que sa? spire du haut se déplace élans: la sons transversal vu que le -grain 42 se déplace avec'la traverse.. La figure 6'montre la position occupes par le

  
 <EMI ID=27.1> 

  
et 50, mais qu'elles restent' parallèles entre elles de sorte que les ressorts ne participent pas à la résistance qui s'oppose au déplacement transversal de la traverse* A droite, les spires du ressort 46 sont plus écartées qu'il n'est représenté sur la fig. 3 et à gauche les spires sont plus rapprochées .entre elles  qu'il n'est représenté sur la figure 3. De deux côtés du bogie la résistance qu'opposent les ressorts 46' à cette déformation

  
 <EMI ID=28.1> 

  
cotte résistance est nettement inférieure à la résistance opposée par les ressorts- composés à l'affaissement vertical. C'est cette différence dans les caractéristiques élastiques qui permet de construire avec succès un bogie ferroviaire sans biellettes

  
et ne comportant qu'un seul groupé de ressorts composés constituant essentiellement la totalité du système de suspension du bogie.

  
Admettant que la force de rappel selon le projet du

  
 <EMI ID=29.1> 

  
tructeur n'arrive pas à approvisionner dos ressorts répondant à cette sujétion, par exemple à cause du prix trop élevée des difficultés à établir des ressorts d'un-tracé approprié dans un espace limité, ou pour toute autre raison. Si les ressorts que le constructour a pu approvisionner dans ces conditions développent des réactions' transversales inférieures à celles que l'on veut obtenir, on peut ajouter un ressort supplémentaire 5&#65533; à chaque groupe de ressorts(voir fig.4). 

  
Le ressort 52 est disposé concentriquement par rapport une courte- broche. 53. épaulée à son extrémité supérieure

  
 <EMI ID=30.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=31.1>   <EMI ID=32.1> 

  
de ressort 44 au voisinage- de sa périphérie et à l'extrémité dirigée vers l'extérieur du diamètre déterminé par la,ligne d'axe passant par le centre: du grain .42 et par le centre du pivot

  
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fectue dans le senas transversal et à côté des ressorts et. de préféronce en s'éloignant le plus 'de la crapaudine centrale.

  
Le rôle, de ce .rassort s'explique en se reportant à la figure 7; Sur cette figure les droites 146 représentent, la' position occupée par l'axe des deux ressorts 46 quand la traverse <EMI ID=35.1> 

  
s'est déplacée dans le sens transversal. Les cuvettes 144 correspondent aux cuvettes 44, les ressorts' 152 représentent les ressorts 52, la ligne 138 représente la traverse 38, les points d'articulation 143 représentent les bouts arrondis;'des broches
43 et la ligne 105 représente les longerons 5.

  
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Si les ressorts sont situés; à la distance, $ du point d'articula-

  
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Supposant maintenant que la traverse se déplace d'une. distance a vers la gauche comme indiqué sur la' figure 7, Le couple dû au déplacement a de la charge verticale totale P par

  
 <EMI ID=38.1> 
-de chacun des ressort$ et 1 la hauteur:' des points d'articulation 143 au-dessus de la basa 105./

  
Du fait du déplacement 'et de la rotation des cuvettes

  
 <EMI ID=39.1> 

  
 <EMI ID=40.1> 

  
le ressort 152 s'affaissa: de la même distance dans* le groupe

  
 <EMI ID=41.1> 

  
rd à r(d-b) pour la premier et de rd à r (d+b pour le deuxième).

  
 <EMI ID=42.1> 

  
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.En tournant ces couples développent les réactions transversales 

  

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On voit ainsi que la force de rappel, se trouve augmenté.&#65533; , de 2 rba

  
 <EMI ID=46.1> 

  
les; au déplacement de la traverse-"

  
Le; constructeur peut ainsi ajouter ce ressort tant pour augmenter la forcé! de rappel qui s'exerce sur la traverse que pdur mettra à la disposition de l'usager un moyen facile pour augmenter ou diminuer la force de rappel simplement-, en rempla-

  
 <EMI ID=47.1> 

  
par des ressorts plus forts? ou moins forts;, à la demande.

  
Si l'on veut augmenter- non seulement la réaction dans le sens transversal mais aussi la raideur à mesure que le déplacement dans le sans, transversal augmenter on peut.



   <EMI ID = 1.1>

  
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current while making them! 'marls services.

  
Another object of the invention is to achieve a

  
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which features an improved suspension mode for the engine,

  
whereby each of the engines; ' traction is securely

  
 <EMI ID = 4.1>

  
disconnected quickly to allow the motors to be dismantled

  
maintenance ...

  
 <EMI ID = 5.1> bogie in which the cross member is supported by springs and not by the usual rods a = and to make elastic buffers which all transmit the traction and slowing forces of the bogio to the body of the

  
 <EMI ID = 6.1>

  
. crosses.

  
Another object of the invention is to produce a cross member. fully supported by springs- which are the-, main springs of the bogie in accordance with the USA patent application filed on September 4, 1945 for: [deg.] 'Improvement in Rail.Truck "and to achieve a system of springs s' adding to the main springs by the effect of which it is possible to correct the faults in the arrangement of the springs and to compensate for the differences in weight which they must bear and the differences in traffic conditions, so that the bogie fitter In accordance with an application of the invention described below, the resistance of the springs to transverse movements is varied with respect to their resistance to vertical elastic movements.

   According to the present invention the device by which the resistance to transverse movements is varied is completed by an additional elastic adjustment device which can be installed by the manufacturer to add a predetermined additional resistance opposing the oscillatory movement of the crosspiece and that the fitter can then modify if he wants to increase or decrease the resistance thus opposed.

  
 <EMI ID = 7.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 8.1>

  
vention, one 'of the ends of the

  
/ and removed cross member being supposed broken / and the elastic buffers which will be discussed below, being shown in section; Figure 2 is a side elevation of the bogie of Figure 1- with the assumed axle casings: broken and removed, the wheels shown in lines; . mixed * - and springs; of the crosspiece being removed; <EMI ID = 9.1>

  
bramble designate the same elements or organs.

  
The bogie axle casings 1 have axles 2 (fig. 2) at the outer ends of which are my

  
 <EMI ID = 10.1> tight. The other end of / each side member forms with the corresponding cap 8 a circular orifice receiving furs of elastic material 9 such as the rubber which surrounds the on-

  
 <EMI ID = 11.1>

  
rubber res on the axle casings. The rubber furs, 'of one of the side members 5 are at angles-

  
 <EMI ID = 12.1>

  
great rigidity in the horizontal plane but endowed with flexibility in; the direction :, vertical so that any one of the wheels can follow the unevenness? of the rail on which it runs.

  
The housings 1 also include gear housings 10 housing the gears ((not shown) by which the axles 2 are operated by the drive shafts.

  
 <EMI ID = 13.1>

  
flange 14 articulated and articulated at one end of a curved cradle 15, as shown in fig.5. According to this figure, each of the cradles has a pin. 16 welded at its other end, an opening adjacent to the pin being provided. in each cradle to receive a support hook 17. A pin 18 forming a pivot supports the hook 17 from the beam 13 :; this brooch; 18 has an extension 19

  
 <EMI ID = 14.1>

  
lowering the extension 19, the hook 17 rises by clamping the cradle 15 on the motor) 'which forces the motor to bear on the beam 13 and holds it firmly in place. When the screw 20 is rotated away from the extension 19, the hook 17 is able to pivot downwards which loosens; the cradle 15. The cradle can then switch <EMI ID = 15.1>

  
bogie engine for repair or replacement.

  
Beams; 13. are mounted in the opposite direction to each other and each of them: is supported at one end

  
 <EMI ID = 16.1>

  
retained in the longitudinal direction by the metal plates' 35 <EMI ID = 17.1>

  
rent to the plates -37 fixed- to the side members 5. These shoes are not of the conventional type, and contain electrical coils which, when they are energized, magnetize a core which applies each of the shoes to the corresponding rail, from which the braking results. Like hooves; of this system and their operation are well known, their interior agen'cernent has not been shown.

  
 <EMI ID = 18.1>

  
cevant the pivot of the body (not shown) and allô comprises at each end a part in the form of a circular bowl 40 having a rim 41 (fig.3) oriented towards; the bottom and thus forming a housing for the springs of. bogie. At the bottom of the lodge-

  
 <EMI ID = 19.1>

  
spindle 43, this end being rounded in order to be able to accomplish its relative rocking movements with respect to the grain 42. The spindle 43 has a shoulder near its upper end on which the spring cup rests or is fixed.
44 which comprises two circular projections 45 forming an integral part.

  
A large coil spring 46 is supported on the cylinder.

  
 <EMI ID = 20.1>

  
and rests by its other end directly on the side member 5. A second coil spring 47 concentric with the spring 46 bears on the cup; 44 between the circular projections 45 and ropose by its lower end on. a lower spring cup 48. The cup 48 has a nipple forming a ball 49

  
 <EMI ID = 21.1>

  
mounted concentrically within the inner circular projection 45 is a rubber spring 51 having a tapered upper face and which is slightly tapered on its wall. lateral. The top of this spring rests on the. bowl-.

  
 <EMI ID = 22.1>

  
Inside the spring 51 is formed a vacuum below the end of the pin 42 to make the spring softer when it is biased by a vertical load. This spring is not biased until the cross members have not. at

  
 <EMI ID = 23.1>

  
The operation of transom springs of the 'type. general. shown in the accompanying drawings. has been described to pro-

  
 <EMI ID = 24.1>

  
U.S. patent filed September 4, 1945, previously mentioned. In short, under a vertical load transmitted by the tra-. pours the three springs 46 / 47. and 51 work together.

  
.The rubber spring being subjected to a combined shear stress; flexion and compression, has a slightly more load-sag curve; - .. steeper than those, of the springs? coil, so that under a vertical load the load-sag curve composed of all these pre- <EMI ID = 25.1>

  
tee: in the aforementioned U.S.A. application, the increase in stiffness is not 'as great as in this spring if a rubber of the same hardness is used in both cases' :, measured with a durometer:

  
Under the transverse oscillatory movements of the cross member, the springs: 47 and 51, do nothing but tilt, with the

  
 <EMI ID = 26.1>

  
transverse direction. The spring 46 sags transversely as it rests directly on the spar 5 so that its bottom coil remains stationary while its? the top spiral moves momentum: the transverse sounds seen that the -grain 42 moves with the cross. Figure 6 shows the position occupied by the

  
 <EMI ID = 27.1>

  
and 50, but that they remain 'parallel to each other so that the springs do not participate in the resistance which opposes the transverse displacement of the crosspiece * On the right, the turns of the spring 46 are more apart than it is. is shown in fig. 3 and on the left the turns are closer. Between them than is shown in Figure 3. On two sides of the bogie the resistance that the springs 46 'oppose to this deformation

  
 <EMI ID = 28.1>

  
This resistance is significantly less than the resistance offered by the springs to vertical sag. It is this difference in the elastic characteristics that makes it possible to successfully build a rail bogie without links.

  
and comprising only a single group of compound springs constituting essentially the entire suspension system of the bogie.

  
Assuming that the restoring force according to the project of

  
 <EMI ID = 29.1>

  
The operator is unable to supply springs meeting this constraint, for example because of the excessively high price, difficulties in establishing appropriate un-routed springs in a limited space, or for any other reason. If the springs that the constructour has been able to supply under these conditions develop transverse reactions lower than those which one wishes to obtain, one can add an additional spring 5 &#65533; to each group of springs (see fig. 4).

  
Spring 52 is arranged concentrically with respect to a short pin. 53. shouldered at its upper end

  
 <EMI ID = 30.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 31.1> <EMI ID = 32.1>

  
spring 44 in the vicinity of its periphery and at the end directed towards the outside of the diameter determined by the axis line passing through the center: of the grain .42 and by the center of the pivot

  
 <EMI ID = 33.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 34.1>

  
carried out in the transverse senas and next to the springs and. preferentially moving further away from the central crapaudine.

  
The role of this .rassort is explained by referring to FIG. 7; In this figure the lines 146 represent the 'position occupied by the axis of the two springs 46 when the crosspiece <EMI ID = 35.1>

  
moved in the transverse direction. Cups 144 correspond to cups 44, springs 152 represent springs 52, line 138 represents cross member 38, pivot points 143 represent rounded ends; 'of pins
43 and line 105 represents spars 5.

  
 <EMI ID = 36.1>

  
If the springs are located; at the distance, $ from the point of articula-

  
 <EMI ID = 37.1>

  
Now assuming that the crosshead moves by one. distance a to the left as shown in figure 7, The torque due to the displacement a of the total vertical load P by

  
 <EMI ID = 38.1>
-of each of the springs $ and 1 the height: 'of the articulation points 143 above the base 105./

  
Due to the displacement and rotation of the cuvettes

  
 <EMI ID = 39.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 40.1>

  
the spring 152 sagged: the same distance in * the group

  
 <EMI ID = 41.1>

  
rd to r (d-b) for the first and from rd to r (d + b for the second).

  
 <EMI ID = 42.1>

  
 <EMI ID = 43.1>

  
By turning these couples develop the transverse reactions

  

 <EMI ID = 44.1>


  
 <EMI ID = 45.1>

  
We thus see that the return force is increased. &#65533; , of 2 rba

  
 <EMI ID = 46.1>

  
the; the displacement of the cross- "

  
The; manufacturer can add this spring so much to increase the force! return which is exerted on the crosspiece that pdur will provide the user with an easy means to increase or decrease the return force simply -, by replacing

  
 <EMI ID = 47.1>

  
by stronger springs? or less strong ;, on demand.

  
If one wants to increase- not only the reaction in the transverse direction but also the stiffness as the displacement in the without, transverse increase one can.

Claims

as the displacement increases using springs of varying pitch, which becomes stiffer, if part of the turns "lock up as sag increased."

The extremities; 40 of the transom have vertical speech oriented * towards? the bottom ?, in order to make contact, rubbing with the movement damping device 57.'Ce. shock-absorbing device has the form. of rubber blocks 59

holding hold the rubber blocks in place ... This $ blocae

of rubber are used. thus to cushion the movements? both vertical and transverse of the cross and they serve as otter

device for transmitting "tensile forces and

1.- Combination in a railway bogie, an ele-

all of these: springs opposing resistance to relative vertical movements? entered these-elementae; Some of the springs being arranged to oppose resistance to the movements :; horizontal;

spring carried by one of these "remains passive for-

resistance to the relative horizontal movements of

these elements .. .2.-Combination according to 1 in which the additional device forming a spring is more flexible than the springs which remain passive during horizontal movements- <EMI ID = 55.1>

main frame, a cross member supporting the body, supporting spring devices, the cross member from the frame, all spring devices providing resistance to relative vertical movements between the frame? and the: crosspiece, .the devices forming res-

zontals between the frame and the cross member than relative vertical movements, and an additional device forming a spring which remains passive during these movements: relative vertical and which assists the devices? forming a spring mentioned in the first place to provide resistance to relative horizontal movements ;, the; first? spring devices and the additional spring device opposing together less resistance to movement? relative horizontals than resistance opposas, by the first spring-forming devices to the relative vertical movements.

4.-. In combination in a railway bogie, a

intervening to oppose a resistance to the relative vertical movements between the frame; and the cross member, a spring cup device for at least one part.

relative to the frame and to the cross member, which intervenes to prevent the collapse of part of the spring devices under the relative transverse movements <EMI ID = 61.1>

spring with resistance: to transverse movements,

tif forming a spring with relative transverse movements, the additional device! forming a spring remaining passive for

main., a crossed a number of spring supporting the cross member at its two ends from the chassie all. the? springs opposing a resistance to the vertical movements * relative between the frame and the cross member., a spring cup above and below? at least? a spring at. each end

springs opposing resistance to these transverse movements :. relative as, and an additional device forming a spring acting on one of the cups; of spring at each of the two ends of the cross member to increase the resistance against the relative transverse movements of the frame and the cross member.

additional spring provides significantly less resistance to these relative transverse movements "than would provide.

the spring 'included between the cups if the cups are removed,

7.- In combination with a railway bogie, a chassis /

spells! which can tilt in relation to the cross member ^ a cup: - - spring plate, for the bottom of the interior elements only, back groups of springs: which can tilt in relation to the frame,

directly on the frame, and 'a relatively flexible spring interposed' between the cross member and each of the cups? spring. which is located next to the spring and acting on the cups; in

practically on a straight line passing through the back of the articulation points.

8.- In a railway bogie with a bogie frame, a cross member, a certain number of springs supporting the cross member at its two ends from the frame and constituting the main bogie springs, part of the springs in situ.

other springs being of a rubber-like material, all these springs opposing a resistance to the relative vertical movements.

intervening to oppose the relative transverse movements of the chassis and. the: cross member, the other springs comprising those made up, with a rubber-like material being. passive as regards their resistance against these relative transverse movements and, an additional device forming a spring being passive as regards the resistance opposed to the vertical movements.

to change the resistance to movement; transverse ^ relative of these elements; *

9.- In a railway bogie comprising a bogie frame and a cross member, a main bogie suspension system comprising a group of springs supporting the cross member

/of them- .

rubber springs-, all- springs in each group, from <EMI ID = 76.1>

rubber also bearing on a spring cup which can tilt on the frame, the rest 'of the springs taking directly, bearing by their lower end on the frame ?, is an auxiliary spring for each of these groups of springs located at. a certain distance from the point of articulation of the bowl

in contact with the corresponding spring cup, by its other end and in the vicinity of the periphery of the cup, thus modifying the effect of these groups of springs with regard to: the resistance they oppose relative transverse movements between the ': chassis. and crosses it.

10.- 'In a railway bogie, a main frame,

and are in rubbing contact with it to resist by friction all: the relative movements between the frame and the. across: - �,

12.- In. a railway bogie, .a main frame; a; crossed, a group of, springs supporting the crosspiece at both ends, from. of the frame and constituting the main suspension system of the bogie, and buffers forming friction surfaces to resist by friction to all: movements, vertical and transverse. relative between the frame and the cross member. <EMI ID = 80.1>

verse, a group of springs supporting the 'cross at its two

greater resistance to relative vertical movements: entered the frame and crossed it than relative transverse movements: Between; these elements, 'and a device forming a friction surface

14.- In a railway bogie following 13. ,, a device forming a friction surface between the frame and the cross member: to oppose by friction the relative transverse movements :, between the frame and the cross member.

greater resistance ".- to the relative vertical movements * between the frame; and the work? * � - than to the relative transverse movements ^ between these elements ;, and pads, of elastic friction-

springae opposing relative vertical movements.! between the frame? and the cross member, a spring cup above and a

ends of the cross member that can tilt relative. to the frame; and to the cross and which intervene to remove

your bowls with movements; relative transverse of the frame and cross member., the other springs � opposing these movements;

relative transverse ;, and an additional device forming a spring at each end: of the .traverse acting on. one of the spring cups to increase the resistance against the transverse movements of the chaser and the cross member and the elastic buffers forward and backward of the cross member at each of its ends; to transmit the traction and deceleration forces between the frame and the bogie, these. buffers opposing by friction to all. vertical movements

17.- A railway bogie comprising a frame comprising articulated spars, at their diametrically opposite angles.

so flexible in the vertical direction, a cross member, springs. supporting the crossmember at its: 'both ends - directly from the frame, these springs - providing more resistance; large to the relative vertical movements between the chassis and the cross member! that the relative transverse movements of these elements, and elastic buffers forward and backward of the beam: e at each of its ends to transmit them.

relative vertical and transverse elements ?, between, the frame and, the cross member).

18.- In a railway bogie comprising wheels and axles, a bogie frame, comprising axle envelopes

its ends from the side members and serving as the main suspension system of the bogie, and elastic buffers in front and behind the cross member at each of its ends to transmit the traction and deceleration forces between the frame and the traverses, these buffers. opposing by. friction at all relative vertical and transverse movements between the frame; and crosses it.

19.- In a railway bogie comprising engines of.

-traction, an engine assembly comprising a beam, an elastic joint to which; one end of the beam is secured, a device forming a spring supporting the beam: at its other end, a flange articulated on the beam prose from its end supported by the device forming a spring,

a strap forming a cradle for the engine articulated on one of :; ends; of the flange, the strap comprising a pin welded to its other end, a support hook articulated at a point. of its length on the beam and can swing on its pivot to engage with the pin or_ release it, and a screw

outer tee of the hook, chain screw when tightened to make it occupy its lowest position applying the hook to the spindle and raising the strap so as to keep the motor tight on the beam ....