BE474804A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  "MULTI-EFFECTS FRACTIONED DISTILLATION PROCESS
The object of the present invention is a process for fractional distillation with multiple effects and the devices for carrying out this process which is applicable to all distillations of complex fluids and more particularly to those of petroleum and bitumens.



   In a previous French patent,? 824.104, the applicant has disclosed a process of fractional distillation with multiple effects comprising different operations, carried out at successively increasing temperatures, and the recovery of all the heat absorbed by the successive products

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 of the é.i: xtilix, iion c'-u-.i well in reason of their rise in temperature (heat that that of lilui change ii ':'. t a.'C (ch al ei:; r latent of e -v; - ;,> iz ii a1 1 o> i) and c-: absorbed by the final residue.



     The present invention is inspired by the same ideas and
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 improves their 6 method of application, it includes important innovations which, represent notable advantages for the operation.



  Most i, ii,> c;> tan.1e of this!:; news due. IJr88cnte invenion coa: sisi.e to mix with 1) 11 gas or a vapor the fluid intended 1 ;. ttx = i. d, 1: sÉill <] and. carry out the distillations in tubes of medium or small diameter joined together.;:, in bundles and heated externally.



   This device causes an intimate and renewed contact between the ::! vapor particles produced and parti- '
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 liquid cules; That is, the same particle of liquid successively and rapidly comes into contact with various particles of vapor and vice versa, which produces rectification;

   the vapor particle liable to liquefy under the conditions of the operation thus brought into contact with particles of more volatile liquid will evaporate them, and
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 will condense, and reciprocally one to; zoeticile e.e liquid placed in contact with a, = jautici; 1.e <, c less volatile vapor will condense it and L; 'will evaporate.



  The operation carried out according to the invention produces the continuous and renewed molanse of all the liquor particles with all the vapor particles, which contributes significantly to the perfection of each elementary operation of the distillation.



   Addition to the liquid treats an incipient gas or vapor.
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 pable to condense dan.? the conditions of the operation also offer important advantages8, the first of which represents the increase in the transfer of heat through the

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 walls of the tube in which the distillation is carried out.

   This addition in fact increases the volume of the liquid and consequently its speed in the tube which it passes through while distilling; the gas or vapor injected occupies the central part of the tube, forming a central core and pressing the treated liquid against the walls where it forms, over the height of the tube, an annular cylindrical sheath of very small thickness; and in this form the average distance of the particles of the fluid from the heating wall is considerably reduced, which favors the transmission of heat.



   In the second place, the injection of gas or non-liquefiable vapor into the treated fluid entrains the vapor in production, awakening and increasing the capacity of evaporation of this liquid.



   This second effect of the injection of gas or vapor into the treated fluid is known and applied in forms different from those of the invention and do not give the same results; but when this injection is carried out according to the process of the invention, by carrying out the distillation in tubes of small or medium diameter traversed by the treated fluid mixed with gas or vapor, the effects obtained are notably improved, and relate not only to the ease of evaporation of the fluid, but also to the transmission of heat through the wall and to the perfection of the distillation operation.



   In order to be able to apply in all the operations of these distillations tubular bundles included in calenders and that all the liquid fluids which yield or receive. heat can operate, mixed with a gas or a vapor, in tubes of small or medium diameter which they traverse, one uses an intermediate fluid excellent transmitter of heat, that is to say the saturated water vapor in state of formation or of condensation.

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  The apparatus dan #: which the petroleum is distilled by the recovery of the heat absorbed by the products of the operations j0l: iY'.E.E: Lîx'c¯; of mt1ü (. distillation:, C, 1 'al01'8 di-
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 aims in two parts: either the heat recovery device
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 of these products!:; to which this Clla181.r is subtracted from the heating fluids and t'Cé.l1, .mi3 (to y;. 'E':? l; a that it evaporates, and the proper distillation apparatus <1 d. dan.-, which the vaporized water of this W, CAOi1 condenses, tl'é "113ruC.tti: t: 1t EL1 fluid treats this me.oie heat which it received, at the time of Sèt vaporisatiofi, of the products c1E;: 3 1.)} 1z.:..e'3 posterior: ± .e distillation,, L ';, i0.A.0i of vapor C OHI1Dç:

   fluid il1.1ù E.CTH dic..ir also has the advantage ü'tl0fYt0; :: Tli: = ET 'les'' C :: Cljl: '.' Câ, Lü.ï2: â de trarlSTIli: 38io112 .1J fluid treated clEf3 calories from fluid nazivers: iî, ï, l: i'EE11X't and, under operating conditions e ;; a1es, to maintain constant this temperature, which means that operations C; ., 1 C G:>:, j¯ v C of the distillation -'are '11a' (MC ':,: IiG' ',: l7.CjlàE:; p which considerably improves their perfec-
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 tion.



  The early stages; this distillation could
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 operate under pressures L101; 8.b1.E.Iü.etli greater than atmospheric pressure; D 11E.2.'Cî? U10 ü11 we do this first:.! "t l.; s, '4 â.Z.: l, a. t 1 0 il - :; or ,, rJ¯C: 3 1.:>1:'("6.::io11.'; "1. i] j É r <e ùi e. 12'l '' '1). <-' 8I'iê \ :: c., ;; à 1 au? X'G'ï-1.OI1 atmo r:, p'ih: 1T i que and t 51 .;

   C ce: ¯, '.; i VU, lb1t 6.6 cr 0 iI, ;; ,: '. il "jC.;. p .-. i., 0i1 applies to these phases injections of hydrocarbons 11018.ti1.3 qni .se, i1'. ^ e, .21, L iW Hol, petroleum treated.: In phases 1JOf ;;; tel-ienre ;;; we apply 6 - <, :::.; injections of water vapor, 6th preferably G :: ltï. ' Cil ',', ls fairy, and. Voids successively CJ. "A., :: Fr.". Yl "t:" i 'so that all the distillation p <: 15; 5 ±. 8 is carried out at a relatively low temperature, avoided ":! the cr2..c] <Íab and thus separating the products of the distillation or- 'their most state .i = :: 1:' :::: il,, 1z # -,:;:

   such operating conditions, the
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 tion of the products obtained in each phase, so as to adapt

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 the volatility of these products at specified commercial conditions can be achieved either by adjusting the injection of gas or vapor, mixed with the treated fluid, or by the. variation of the operating pressure, or by the simultaneous application of these two means.



   It is also possible to use for the same purpose the variation of the temperature of the vapor which heats a phase of the -distillation, which is obtained by means of an injection into the recuperator producing this heating vapor, of higher pressure vapor, carried out directly in this steam-producing recuperator or in the calender which uses it, and by adjusting a valve located between these two devices,
Finally, the invention comprises embodiments of calender distillation apparatus and apparatus for recovering the heat contained in the products and in the residue of the distillation working according to the process of the invention.



   To the attached drawings:
Figures 1 and 2 schematically represent a complete petroleum distillation plant according to the process.



   FIG. 3 shows the detail of an evaporation apparatus according to the invention, in vertical section.



   Figure 3bis shows a cross section of the same.



   FIG. 4 represents the grouping of successive evaporation devices.



   FIG. 5 shows the details of an apparatus for recovering the heat contained in the products of the distillation according to the invention.



   And FIG. 6 shows the modifications made to the application of the invention when the rectification of the pro-

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 The products of partial distillation are carried out causing these products to come into contact with the petroleum feeding this distillation.
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  In the E: Figures 1 and 2 the oil to be distilled is injected by the pump 1 into the tube 10. At the. set with this
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 pump a by-pass 2 regulated by a regulator maintains the flow rate adapted to the needs of the distillation in such a way 1 maintain constant the. density of r2f; idw.i. To this effect, a float S is provided, placed in a container kept completely filled with residue, this 1 '± [; idu descending through tube 4 of the last recuoperator at a substantially constant temperature. , 4 residue. of the container is thus constantly renewed.



   The oil, at its outlet from the pump 1 enters through the tube 10 into the annular container 5 which surrounds the outer
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 heat recovery systems. A -: - passing through the oil, absorbs the small quantity of heat which the last of these recuperators yields through its outer cylindrical envelope.



   The oil to be treated leaves the container 5 through the tube
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 6 and is injected through the tube '7ôt in the.:, Tube.'.? ten tube bundle of the first evaporator apparatus 8a.



   When entering the ;, tube, ;; (the this beam, the petro-
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 le receives an injection of} 1'ydlIOC2,11) t.1 ':. ::', 37rtl: ï> from at a. i oi-1 ;. i x = É: which are pumped by the ventilator 11 into the tube 12, this injection being r> 1¯1; '<. by valve 13.Q.



  The oil entering 8.ê .: i) 8X the tube 7JJ :. Gas is added in this form, heated in this device 8Ji, by steam from chaly, erne> nt of. steam engine of the. vacuum pump 14 which leads the tube 15; t by 1 1 1 i 't of this heating and the drive produced by the movement of the. gas
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 .n "s.ai, é a part ', of oil .3' 'evaporates.



  Dan'3 the flask 16Q which surmounts the beam wt: 1¯: -i: lai-re la va1JE.ur distilled separates from the liquid to be distilled.

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   This distilled vapor rises in the flask 16a and bypasses the partition 17a in order to enter the outlet tube. In this movement in contact with the partition 17a a large part of the entrained liquid adheres to this wall. He returned to balloon 16a. The steam is conducted through the outlet tube to the rectifier 18a. This rectifier operates according to the process protected by my prior patent 840,692 of permanent contact between two fluids of different densities.



   In this corrugated tube, a small part of the vapor condenses by virtue of the external cooling, and the stirring which occurs there brings these condensates into close contact and constantly renewed with the vapors. This contact produces the rectification of these vapors and ensures that the final condensates consist of the less volatile components contained in these vapors.



   At the outlet of the rectifier, the vapor enters a centrifugal separator 19a of the type protected by patent 792.307, which completely strips it of the liquid which it entrains, and it follows through the tube 21a, while the separated liquid consisting of the condensates formed by the rectifier 18a is returned again by the tube 22 to the lower part of the still 8a in order to be treated, united to the oil supplied by the tube 7 which feeds this apparatus. The entry of steam into the tube 21a is regulated by the valve 23a.



   The vapors which descend along 21a pass into the cooler 24 where they condense for the most part; at the outlet d.e this cooler, through 38a the mixture of condensed liquid, vapor and gas is returned to the separator 25a.



  The separated liquid goes down through the tube 26a passing through the cooler 27 to which it gives up part of its heat. Later it is cooled and returned to the depot; but these additional operations which do not represent the invention have not been shown in the drawing in order to simplify it,

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 -The separate iaz é.;> I .. # the separator 25a. rises eï.-exits through the tub <: '. 2G which j <: leads to the gasometer 9.



  The liquidated which j. ;.: ' through. # =. é.t; ' <':; i: j; o> # in 1 '; ::: j # ly ;; ti V L- a. descends from this t é i; a, jo r. ;; t>. i:. i through tube 7b¯ which leads him to the second apparatus of; #js; 11? .z * tiin & ±.



  CL tube e. 7 ± forMë 'biphon of a height E i ± #F i: 1 a.i'ii to constitute a hydraulic seal which avoids in the event that the liquid of the' loa balloon s' é. i: 1 .s that the% - a,., t ii of CL vae can pass <. in ; the support L b the tube. vs. 7 h.



  L ;. liquid to> i'oirciaant to the device 8.a is,:;.; one enters the device 1 C b, adds gaseous hydrocarbons from the oea.zoùiÉf; = e 9, pumped by the fan He. This injection is regulated by the. valve 13J2. Apparatus 6b is heated as 8 by steam exhaust from the steam machine from vacuum pump 14 conducted through tube 15; and under the influence of this heat and of the entrainment of the gases there, a second distillation of the treated petroleum takes place in this apparatus.
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  Distillation e is carried out in 8l2. as in 8.a., and in general as in all the other 8, it to 8g, which are constructed in the same way, although going to be reduced little by little in order to. respond to the reduction in volume of liquid petroleum and maintain its speed in the tubes of the bundles approximately the same.

   The steam produced bypasses the partition 17b to reach the outlet tube of the balloon 16b from where it
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 follows through the rectifica.teur 1812., the separator 19U, and the tube 21b, the latter outlet being regulated by the valve 25b. steam is conducted tube 21'o condenser d "or Steam is conducted Ja, r tul) e 21l2. condE: nG6ur from where it follows to the separator 25l2..bar 38l2 ..



  The condensed liquid descends from the separator 25.12. through the tube 26b, cools in the cooler 27 and subsequently can be cooled i o i> .à iJ 1. d àn c n t a. i:. c ùi é n before being given its deposit.

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   The non-condensed gases exit from the top of the separator 25b into the tube 28 'which leads them to the gasometer 9.



   The undistilled oil in 8b goes down through tube 7c and is. injected into the device 18c; on entering this device it receives an injection of gas. The liquid travels in the form indicated for the devices 8a and 8b through the successive devices 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f and 8g, and on entering these devices it receives an injection of gas or vapor. The vapors produced in these devices are treated in the form which will be described later. I will also report later on the form of heating of these successive devices. All of these details are described as follows:
The oil entering the apparatus-8.2 receives the injection of gas coming from the gasometer 9 regulated by the valve 13c.



   This apparatus is heated by the steam produced in the recuperator 29 which is heated by the products of the subsequent phases of the distillation, carried from 29 to 8c through the tube 31.



   The vapor produced in 8c, mixed with the injected gas, leaves through the rectifier 18c and the separator 19c towards the tube 21c which leads it to the cooler condenser 24 and, at the outlet of this condenser, it is led to the separatour 25c.



   The liquid descends through tube 26c through a cooler 27 and subsequently is further cooled before being returned to the depot. The separated gas rises in 25c and exits through tube 28 which again leads it to gasometer 9.



   The valves 13a, 13b, and 13c on the one hand, and 23a, 23b and 23c on the other hand are operated so as to increase the gas injection from 13a to 13c and to decrease the pressure in the devices from 8a to 8c .



   From 8d, we inject into the devices of the

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 steam l¯ 'r: -crl2..I> .. "L'lTI8T: L of machine 1 =" \ /2..1JCU "j: of le.) 8ntI; e --- .. vacuum 14, which comes from tube 15 via branch 20 and which may have been reheated by heat exchange with the residue which
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 out of the i, ôcuiàér, a: 1> u - ;. o, This arrangement Tl9c'l not been "ïG'ZJïE.:> Fyltéc 6.in the figure in order to simplify it.



  THE. CîB.l :: c'i'a. of the apparatus 8. ± is carried out with the water vapor produced in the recuperator 32 'With the 1'éoup é r at 1 o n of the heat contained in the J) llélE5fJb 8utïentes of the. G¯ 1; L 1 1 1 * # .i 1 c ri, This vapor C..it c '- .; c3.:.itc: ,, 1'apparatus 8 through the tube. 1.the steam produced in this appliance, once rec-
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 tified and pu: r; ec of the liquid it entrains, in the appal '8 il ;;. 8Q and 19 ± "L is 3C'e1'tlJ.ûe to the condensation which takes place in the heat recuperator bzz; and in this recuperator the condensates produced com,: # ncent :: o to cool. At O1 i, 3.E of CE 'the Cl, l / ,. C' '- (, (1; 1' the uiélan6. E.

   (6 vapor c condensate is the bottom to: rf: ccidi.ss6ur 34 Et; o4-; tërisn; a ^ eniezlt to separator 25Q ,. The separated liquid goes down through tube 26, g. Through di; coolissuur 35 and subsequently can be cooled down completely before being returned to the store. The separated steam comes out of the
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 upper part of 25.d by tube 36 through a regulating valve to be treated at the same time as the vapors extracted from separators 25e, 25f and 25g as will be explained later.
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  Liz devices 8e 8. and 8g are cbaffé8 by live steam at high pressure coming from tube 37.



   In the figure it has been admitted that the. steam production was limited to a single source; however in a sufficiently large installation there could be several generators. scaled pressures; and in this case the. pressure
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 of the heating steam would increase from 8 to 8g,
The vapors produced by these 3 devices are directed through separate tubes 21e, 21f and 21g to the recuperator-

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 heat 32 where they condense and begin to cool. On leaving this recuperator, they pass condensed to the second recuperator 29, where these condensates continue to cool.

   They exit 29 respectively through tubes 38e, 38f and 38g which lead them to cooler 34, and from there pass respectively to separators 25e, 25f and 25g.



   The liquids separated in these separators descend through the tubes 26e, 26f and 26g through the cooler 35 and can be further cooled before being returned to their deposits.



   The difference which exists in the devices corresponding to the operations of the vapors produced respectively in the apparatuses, 8e, 8f and 8g, consists in that in the apparatus 8g the rectifier and the separator that the other units comprise is eliminated. The elimination of these devices is motivated by the desire to avoid the pressure drop resulting from their use so as to be able to obtain the greatest possible vacuum in the device 8g.



   This vacuum is transmitted unevenly to the separators 25d, 25e, 25f and 25g, gradually increasing from 25d to 25g and its adjustment is established by means of the valve which unites the corresponding separator to the tube 36.



   Between the injector 39 and the condenser 41 there is provided a small rectifier 42 in which a small amount of water can be injected so as to cool the vapors and ensure the liquefaction of all the entrained petroleum vapors, and that only the water vapor injected at the inlet of the stills remains in the vapor state. In most cases, the external cooling of the tube 42 by air or by water will be sufficient to condense all the oil vapors entrained and the injection of water will be dispensed with. At the outlet of the rectifier, a centrifugal separator 43 extracts from the vapors the condensates produced in the rectifier.

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 ficor 42.



   This liquid led through tube 44 is injected into
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 the device 8I. m "12.1'Jb6 to the liquid which comes from the device 8 ..



  This solution that the. difference ciE height between the condenser 41 and 1 ': .. = oj: zi, r- # il 81 allows this injection to take place ,, sn ::; that the tube 44 must be completely full of liquid and c; ';' on,;,) 1.:,.:i.:.:.C:E. maintain: ¯ib: ': of liquid a sufficient portion of this tube' from its connection with the separator 43. the recuperators 52 and 29 are heated: the first by the. condensation of vapors produced in devices
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 8, 8f and 8.1Jii. which SOnG conducted to this recuperator via the 21st tube;

   21f and 21j respectively, and by cooling the residue of the last distillation carried out in the apparatus which descends from the flask 16g through tube 45, and the second by
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 : LE rE-LL'OlG '.: L:; ï; pE: iî <.I1'i; âeS fluids which heat the first recuperator 32 and through the. condensation of the vapors produced in the distillation apparatus 8, .9. which are led to :: céc1.pér-atsur 29 by tube 21d.



   It is interesting to observe that the condensate.?, Of all the vapors coming from the distillation pass through the heating tubes in the vapor state during condensation.
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 or in the liquid state mixed with water vapor as a result of the inj cctions ol) er,.; i, 1 Ent: C0e de, C: 'î "CL1L1 (' .c,;: aP1J2c'çeil" , de; dis tilla1; ion.



  The C'Ei.lctt7. receives an injection (the exhaust vapor at point 46. The residue thus mixed with the vapor must be treated preferably in the;.: tube small:; or medium and at a speed> #c large enough but not excessive so that the steam forms a central core which locates the residue against the floor, thus improving the heat transfer coefficient in recovery devices.



   This injection of steam into the tube which leads

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 the residue takes place preferably at the lower end of the ascending arm of a siphon of this pipe. This arrangement facilitates the transformation of the physical state of the mixture which divides into bubbles or nodes of vapor coated on the outside with liquid; and this condition is maintained subsequently despite variations in direction if the tube is of small diameter.



   The condenser 41 receives cold water from the pump 47 through the tube 48 and makes it hot through its vertical drop tube 49; and the non-condensable gases are extracted by the vacuum pump 46 through the tube 51.



   The pump 47 supplies, in addition to the cooling water for the condenser 41, the water for the coolers. This water passes successively through the tube 52, the cooler 27, the tube 53, the cooler 24, the tube 54, the cooler 35, the tube 55, the cooler 34 and finally the tube 56.



   The devices adopted in this example are subject to change. Instead of two recuperators, three or four can be established operating with the heating fluids of the recuperators described and, complementarily, with the condensations of the vapors from the first phases of the distillation, the heat of which is not used in the example presented where a large amount of exhaust steam is assumed to be available from the vacuum pump steam engine. These heaters can operate, if necessary with a more or less large vacuum, and the water vapor they produce is applied to the heating of the first stages of the distillation.



   The refluxes of the condensates from the calenders of the 8a to 8g distillation apparatuses return to the boilers or to the recuperators which produced them, either directly if these distillation apparatuses are located at greater heights than the recuperators and the boilers; otherwise by means of a circulation pump.

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 The excess gas aspiras from the gasometer 9 and tablets
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 by the ventilator 11 dfÜ1G the tube 12, which i; 'is l) 8.G absorbs by the injections operated d. #, ng the devices 8Ji1 :, 81 and juice returns to this gasometer through a pipe controlled by the constant pressure valve 57.



   Ultimately the fan 11 produces a movement of the gases from the gasometer 9 through the tube bundles of the distillation apparatuses 8a, 8b and 8c and of the other apparatuses.
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 additional, and this: 5 t ;; 8.: 3 return to the same gasometer 9. During this journey, at their .I.; afc; sa-se dan ;, 1 ('.b ppareil dietillatoiT6S. the gases which are detached of petroleum by virtue of the so-called filiation unite with their current.
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 culation would therefore increase continuously neither dE C '; T3p1 in time or in a continuous manner no extraction of these gases was carried out.

   This function is entrusted C- C, 11 tu'oc 58 which communicates with the tube 12 through the valve e 5 1 - The ..cooli8s8urez 1 co16mEntire8 liquid products can be TE: a7.:; Er '' 'by the process covered by the patent application? S40.692 or by heat exchange through a metal wall with cooling water; and in ceca3 it would be advantageous to add these products
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 with c, Za to increase the volumetric capacity (lE ::; 8.lJ, ;; 'a ... reils of i,' cc.n, tn.à.; s.ozî of heat.



  1-i #> "C bl aG E> 3 Ct = 7 operations s 1 :. CC e 'iv f :: of distillation t1 so as to ad;.; J such' their-; products t: i11: l; : business needs can St. t, Tt: ;; - :. 1 i :: i e..r of different.: -, facona.



  An increase dan. # The injection of Gas z> À s: .n; 5 the e 5 E: trole which enters a distillation cL.P1? 8.T "cj.l increases this distillation, and by ai; S: 1.- the Q8J.Bit0 of the products (e this phase e ai # i; m, t>;.> -1 e. Un! '., Decrease of eprii -i 1 cn produces the same result. L: lc'L7 .; 8.1.l :: '., i can operate indirectly by injecting steam into a recuperator. If injecting into a recuperator, in its outlet tube, or in

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 as the calenders depend on the higher pressure steam, the temperature and pressure increase both in this recuperator and in the calenders;

   the production of steam in the devices heated in this form increases and the volatility of the products decreases.



   An opposite result is obtained if, by means of a valve, the section of passage of the vapor produced in a recuperator, towards the distillation apparatus which it heats, is reduced.



   We dispose,. ultimately three distinct means of adjustment with the aim of adapting the analysis of the oil carried out by the successive fractionations of the operation to commercial needs and also to adapt an apparatus built to treat a given oil to the distillation of another oil.



   Figure 3 shows a distillation apparatus (8a to 8g) in vertical section and Figure 3bis is a section through A A 'of the same,
The oil enters this apparatus through tube 7 and rises to the lower part of the tube bundle of tubes 61.



   The steam enters through the tube 62 into the chamber 63 which is provided in its upper cover 64 with different outlets, each of them terminated by a nozzle 65. Each outlet corresponds to a separate tube 61 of the tube bundle and injects the steam in the center. of this tube.



   66 is a purge tube which connects the chamber with the exterior.



   At the top of the tube bundle, the flask 16 constitutes a separator for the liquid and the vapor treated, the liquid exiting through the tube 7 'while the vapor bypassing the wall 17 where it dispenses most of the liquid it contains. entrained, exits by the tube 67. The liquid which adheres to the wall of the side of the outlet returned to the lower part of the balloon by a narrow tube,

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 Fà to 1 n to improve the circulation of the heating steam .êL1..1¯; the calender 6Güa increased '' '(. "ij1; i sa. t: heat rai1s-lliosion to the tubes 61 and avoid the formation of' ';: gas pockets .iîCUllCl'1î: c'1. ü16 ,, the calender 8iJt divided into a central sector 69 and various sectors:; J8: cipllG: r'iquE., 71, 72, 73, 7/1 and 75 for example, by 1, é.

     c i o 1 # .; * x *. ? 76, that the vapor traverses' successively ent-cant by the part iSl1j) é: cic.ul'é; and carrying by the lower part or reciprocally by openings, C-L such as 77,78 and 79.



   The area of the vapor passage section in these sectors decreases as the vapor condenses.
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 if. their base all CE'é8ectenr ,; are joined by a small open groove in the walls to allow the passage of condensation water; and this water is ultimately extracted from the last sector traversed by the steam.



   Figure 4 shows a general arrangement of the mutual situation that in a current installation of distillation.
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 lation can be given to evaporating devices, placing the one that operates at the highest temperature, 8g, in the center and the other. * 6 forming 6 sectors around 8ff .. We could also locate in the center the two or three sectors of the last phases and around the same to locate the other ... sectors; domes
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 16a, to. 16g etc ... of all these sectors being contrived so as to ad a-1JteT mutually, to each other to constitute a single block.

   The voids;.! between the various calaIldres and the various backgrounds; fill with asbestos or another material that is poor conductor of heat so as to form a
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 block and to limit heat losses to those which occur on the outer surface of this block which will, in addition, be covered with an insulating material.



   The vapor outlet tubes will group together in the same shape to protect each other, and will be lined to best prevent heat loss.

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   In small installations it is also possible to use the heating fluids from the last recuperator 29, when they leave this recuperator at high temperature, to protect the heating water vapor and the reflux of its condensates, and in general, above all. in small installations, an attempt will be made to defend a tube against heat loss by bringing it closer to another tube.



   Figure 5 shows the details of the recuperators applied to the case of Figure 1.



   Interior recuperator 32 produces vapor of higher pressure and temperature, while recuperator 29 operates with cooler fluids and produces vapor of lower pressure and temperature. Both form vertical cylindrical crowns terminated above and below by flat lids.



   The heating fluids which operate in these recuperators pass through tubes which constitute horizontal coils; and these horizontal coils constitute the heat transmission surface between the water which evaporates and the fluid which passes through the tubes which constitute these coils.



   A perforated sheet 81 adjacent to the upper cover divides the recuperator 32 into two parts.



   In the lower part, the coils traversed by the various heating fluids are located in horizontal planes of successively lower levels, at short intervals.



   The refluxes of the shell heated by the steam produced in the recuperator enter the upper box through an inlet which is not visible in the figure and the perforations 81 are calculated so that a small quantity of water always stays in the box, ensuring its distribution through all the perforations.



   The water that comes out of the upper case through

 <Desc / Clms Page number 18>

 
 EMI18.1
 PerfOTé C0b]: tiO1; 1 iJ i o <0e8> 1 "8iJic1.," '. ÎJ1ent; ";, i U 1.' the first 5E, the ''; 'Je11ti11 1.i o -: <izoiat;, to and maintains Mur ct .-: e-rxaenti.n a slight keel of water.



  This water bathes the entire serpFntine, and, descending between the iJ 1 nt c r 1; t 1 c <: à: -: tube.t ?, 1C: 8 goes around to their lower end and t <1 flows it: L, 1XC the following coil.



  In this way, the water traverses the whole of the i = ôcupéz? Ah6> li <from top to bottom, absorbing the heat of the: iii; 1 <µ, es which run through these coils which it cools by evaporating .



   The vapor produced rises between the coils and the. outer wall and ultimately leaves the device through the upper pipe 33.



   The recuperator 29 which almost completely surrounds the recuperator 32 is constructed in a similar fashion.



     According to the figure, the fluid legs of the recuperator 32 are as follows:
The vapors coming from the distillation phase carried out in the apparatus 8g which go to the recuperator through the tube 21g and enter the first horizontal coil 82g. 82g comprises a second horizontal coil which follows on from the first, and the diameter of the tube of the first horizontal coil gradually decreases as the vapors which pass through it condense.



   The end of the second horizontal coil is joined to the tube 38g which conducts the fluids which pass through it in the recuperator 29.



   The second heating fluid of the device consists of the vapors produced in the device 8f, which are conducted to the first recuperator by the tube 21f enter the coil 82f which is wound in the same way as the
 EMI18.2
 anterior coil 2g9 and these vapors and their conde # ats leave this coil 82i by the tube 381 which leads them to the recuperator 29.



  The third fluid Ci7.a.11iîeuY 'of the recuperatü1J.1 "32 is

 <Desc / Clms Page number 19>

 constituted by the vapors produced in the 8th distillation apparatus which, conducted through the 21st tube enter the 82nd coil wound like the two preceding 82f and 82g, and which, at their exit, enter the 38th tube which leads them to the second recuperator 29; the last heating fluid is the liquid residue which exiting the flask 16g via the tube 45 receives an injection of exhaust vapor at 46 and enters at its outlet from the tube 45 into the coil 83 which comprises four horizontal coils connected to one another. the other. After having passed through these coils, the residue exits through tube 45a which leads it to recuperator 29.



   In turn the recuperator 29 is heated by the following fluids:
At its upper part by the condensation and partial cooling of the vapors from the distillation carried out in the apparatus 8d.



   These vapors are led to this recuperator by the tube 21d and pass through the coil 82d which comprises two horizontal coils. Bans the upper coil the vapors. of the distillation condense and the tubes which they pass through are of progressively reduced sections. In the lower coil, their condensates mixed with the steam injected in 8d are cooled. This mixture leaves the second coil through the tube 38d.



   The recuperator 29 also receives the heat from the fluids which, leaving the vapor state of the devices 8e, 8f and 8g were partially condensed in the recuperator 32. Each of these fluids passes through one of the horizontal coils. They exit through the tubes 38e , 38f and 38g.



   Finally, after having been cooled in 32, the residue gives up another quantity of heat to the steam produced in the recuperator 29, and for this purpose runs through the last three horizontal coils of this recuperator, leaving the last one.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 20>

 
 EMI20.1
 d Ct>:: 3tZ '; àEîii,.' i.'i: by the Lube e 4, The 'movement of water yes is zT: y00i'7.F ..' OpGïC-. in bzz as in 32. i.ii 'li'1> following what has been pointed out arl ::; sj l. : lritl i'7.cliî ". ment, the last recuperator 29;:; t surrounded by a vessel 5 claJ18 which;?. ci: E the oil which enters into operation.

   This oil travels through vessel 5 at low; ri.té: J; # :; in order to reduce the. loss, é. d heat which is read back to txavezr: .. of the cylindrical surface, of the recuperator 29 and that, in any case, this loss is saved and applied to the heating of the oil which comes into operation.
 EMI20.2
 



  All the; 3 a.piJ3.1't: .ils (',; mploy6s are highly calori :: L1ges to avoid in the. I1lEdî2: CO du y0;' â :: b les pel'tE .; de cha- their and the tubes are preferably grouped to defend each other from such losses.
 EMI20.3
 



  Figure 6 shows a rectifier which has been advantageously applied to :; c11 =, e; ne of the phases of the distillation.



   In this. figure the rectifier is shown applied to phase n + 1 and receives as rectifier liquid the
 EMI20.4
 food liquid of Z.3 same phase at its. outlet of the upper vessel of phase n.



   This rectifier includes a coil-shaped coil that bypassed the top of the radiator grille.
 EMI20.5
 the evaporator apparatus of phase n + 1, ie Dn + 1, and is divided into two parts: the lower part made up of 3 turnsp and the upper part made up of turns s.



   An RC outer tube which surrounds Dn + 1 constitutes the outer case of the rectifier; and the coil which rests inside on Dn + 1 and outside on RC divides the annular space between the two tubes, thus forming two successive coils: the lower one made up of the turns p and the upper turns s.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 21>

 



   The vapor produced in the apparatus Dn + 1 leaves the d8me Yn + 1 through the tube Vn + 1 which leads it to the lower part of the rectifier in which it enters and which it travels from bottom to top, leaving the same by the tube V'n + l,
The turns of this coil are not parallel and the section of the passage of the vapor varies, decreasing and increasing at intervals.



   According to the figure, the six lower turns are traversed in the reverse direction of the vapor by the rectifying liquid which enters the box t through the tube Tn + 1, and this box delivers it to the coil distributed over the entire line. coil width p.



   At an interval of two turns, openings o made in the spiral allow the rectifying liquid to cascade directly onto the lower turn; and this cascade interrupts the passage of vapor between these two turns so that the cascade of liquid and the stream of vapor collide against each other and that ultimately the vapor divides the cascade and throws the particles of the liquid which forms it in the coil upwards, which affords great opportunities for intimate contact between the particles of the liquid and those of the vapor and produces the rectification of this vapor.



   This operation is carried out at a point where the section of passage offered by the coil to the vapor is reduced, which considerably increases the speed of this vapor and promotes its atomizing action on the liquid.



   This operation completed, the section of the coil increases again so as to cause a great reduction in the vapor velocity and consequently the decrease in the entrainment of the liquid particles.



   These liquid particles are projected against lapa; -.,. king by centrifugal force, adhere to this wall and descend

 <Desc / Clms Page number 22>

 
 EMI22.1
 tooth the 10 of it to the. outer part of the. whorl, where elie <q GiS unite: ... vsc the liquid- which. flows the la> ig of this. wall.



  The a. =: Iés: the figure le;,: turns 1) are radially inclinedH) & n.t ±, the outside ver-, the inside of. way to compensate for the centrifugal force. and to> i.r.iàcttz.c. that the liquid in 1 ':; 2, descends the! on,:, from c; # - tc; apir '' #; c T = .oeJjā7.tic:;.: e; i> ii.Co;. =:; #. iic: #. t j '' .; '. ". ;;, i :;: 1 # =, cc, L .. steam tï'ait / t. Traverses the coil of #s:.; P 1 1- c;> ài 5 'f: n 1 1 "é, 211 0 q: tz;, 1.1 td zLn each. cascade, o with the% ".... i 11G. ci ± liquid ei: é; ct 1 .f 1 zi <.t: .. iti :. Sc rectifia <. <; # = ..: ': ce shock; then, 1 <- 1 o nj of the T ,; #, i> <.: J ,, 1 r and of the o to <.; i speed decreases, it separates from the liquid it entrains, and in this new turn the steam speed 2..1Ü1e11t is again in order to 4, '* j .é here, \ n (: nOEvelle rectification in cascade, and ainal on.



  In the upper turn of the lower Me-cpentin we operate. <; Qi: ie way; dULio the liquid rectificatcur smployë e; ', t constitutes by the refluxes d-E ..; liquidate repairs steam in '' - ', the ;; :(': l: 'i; ç;: 1', j, i1: s "À j <F 1 j L." l 1 ', 1 turn . ;; s, which constitutes a separator and t <īii which is injected a.no liquid c "<1: ct 1 r 1 c * thur.



  Ceper.db.nt le 1 (C r:; 1 #.: - ± ï 'o E. d. ± L 5. E É .. <e ii which 1, 11 produces through;. Iu <. Wall exterior causes in this 3eps.rs.teur 1? condensation 1 <.> produced the heaviest .'... of going which traverses it, and these condensations, at the same tE: Yi1j) S than the liquid that it entails, are e; .Rtr.¯it <: => of 'this vapor by centri- ì; gati, en> Ce # éi:, a'iû <,: 12r. é; .ü built cliij lé: le 1 '<1.12'ti licut <".: t inferiorj Up the cs.cad <:' 3 r which: 3ont r-upprimec ..

   L ±. ::; successive contractions and expansionp of the vapor obtained by means of the. variatior. of the section! 'c..c1.ialc d.'u coil, which favors the.c.si 1iBn the condensation, of the par.rticu.lcb more den-
 EMI22.2
 its that the separation of the liquid it contains. are hand-
 EMI22.3
 outfits. ¯¯

 <Desc / Clms Page number 23>

 
A sampling channel, pressed against the wall, the mouth of which is placed facing the direction of the movement of the vapor, and which descends in a direction intermediate between that of the movement of the vapor and the vertical, receives and, leads this liquid to the bottom of the separator.



   This channel stops and retains the liquid which, entrained by the movement of the vapor, circulates near the outer wall, and it discharges it, at the lower part of the separator, at the entrance of the first coil of the lower rectifier, p turns, of which it constitutes the rectifying liquid.



   In the figure, the turns s have in their radial section an inverse slope to the turns p, that is to say an outward slope, while the turns p incline inward. At their outer end these turns incline much more to form an outer channel along the RC body. These devices are intended to remove from contact with the treated vapor 'the liquid which is extracted therefrom, by locating this liquid in this peripheral channel of the coil from which it can be evacuated either directly or by pouring it into the channel. m at the branching points of these two canals.



   When adopting the latter arrangement, channel a must be altered at these branch points so. to be opened on the side opposite to the movement of steam and closed in the opposite direction. It therefore takes the form of a tube, open at the branches with the coil on the side opposite to the movement of the steam and closed on the contrary on this side, and open in the opposite direction between coil and coil so as to be able to collect the liquid entrained by the vapor which circulates in this passage.



   Ultimately, the rectifier of FIG. 6 comprises in its lower part the rectifier proper in which successive rectification operations are carried out between the food liquid of the phase considered and the vapor.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 24>

 
 EMI24.1
 fear produced in this: OlJa.SE :, the cycle of these Eze3 operaticns being traversed in the opposite direction by the rectifying liquid and
 EMI24.2
 by steam re-notification, following the method of methodical rectification and washing. after this z-ectii "1.J: .. tion, the particles are extracted from the vapor:

  ', liquidated that it involves, this operation being carried out in the separator which extends the rectifier.



   The addition of rectification to the unitary operation has the advantage of improving the products of each of the partial distillations, making them fit for commercial consumption once they have undergone the chemical treatments.
 EMI24.3
 that they may require according to t 1 <# impurities contained,: Jant- .; the fluid treated.



   The steam leaving the rectifier is conducted by
 EMI24.4
 the tube e V '; + 1 to its heat recuperator or,;:; a condenser, as 1 was previously explained.



  LI describes'-. 1.- example can Stre modified to fit r ai & 'o <..-; z 1 ii to cat- which 1 j F to l; .ii to "i. =, prefienter. We p-ut, for example, a <>; iii <. nts # or reduce the number of phases and the E ' number of heat recoverers, each 1 'E.iJK responding to a temperature dr terminated at, the value: roduite and the pressure reconciliations at each; j # <opera. t 1 <J 13 partial.



  Cé (: variations X.Eii o2lild.itis = lù of operation of the installation are determined in each case and must be taken into account in the design of this installation.
 EMI24.5
 



  Inc. (: Jllid <'J11njCnt de o normal conditions.?:> Ô.' O = J é .ta, tior. Of an installation, we j; 5. Modify-: "this: - :: condition., ! and z.; j 1 e the new condition ;;, by the procedures which have to t - i; 12.1éB previously to .'- resetting if necessary the adjustment of an installation for purposes distinct from those foreseen at the time of its conception.


    

Claims (1)

CLAIMS - el @ "Having thus described my invention and reserving myself to make any improvements or modifications which" appear necessary to me, I claim as my "exclusive and private" property: 1) Method of fractional distillation of a complex liquid in which this liquid is successively treated in different phases, characterized in that, from phase to phase, as the distillation progresses, the temperature of the heating fluid increases while the pressure d 'operation decreases, the liquid, in each of these phases being treated in a tube bundle inside a shell through which the heating fluid passes, this tube bundle being formed of tubes of small or medium diameter at the inlet which is injected of the, vapor in the last phases and, in the first phases, gases coming from the actual distillation of the liquid, thus creating a closed circuit circulation of gas which entrains the gas which is released from the treated liquid. 2) Fractional distillation method according to claim 1, using all or part of the following devices: a) the heating of the successive phases is carried out by recovering the calories contained in the distillation products of the following phases including the final residue di.stillation; b) for the following heating a) liquid water and vapor are used as intermediate transmission fluid, this water absorbing the calories of the distillation products of the subsequent phases in order to be vaporized and transferring this heat to the previous phases by being condensing; c) for the purification of the products distilled in each successive phase, the feed liquid of this phase is used as rectification liquid; <Desc / Clms Page number 26> d) the degree of volatility of the products of a phase of the fractional distillation is regulated by the appropriate variation of the heating temperature or of the operating pressure or of the magnitude of the gas or vapor injection these factors varying separately or simultaneously; e) the distillation temperature of a next phase is adjusted b) while maintaining the constant temperature in the recuperator where it occurs. steam intended for this phase by means of an injection of steam at higher pressure; f) is used to transmit heat through a wall between a liquid fluid passing through a tube and a second fluid heating this tube externally, the injection into the lower vertical inlet of this tube, of a stream of gas or vapor entering it at the same time as the liquid, this injection being made for each tube by a concentric nozzle: g) a. apparatus for recovering the heat contained in the products of distillation of a liquid. complex applicable to the production of water vapor intended to heat one or more phases of the distillation, fed by the reflux of the calenders of these phases, consisting of a cylindrical-shaped case with flat bottoms, divided into two compartments: :; by a flat perforated sheet next to its cover which receives the refluxes and distributes them over its entire surface; coils in the form of coiled tubes each occupying a horizontal plane of the lower compartment, which constitute stages of resting the water, allowing its filtration through the interstices of these serpentine between coil and coil, the diameter of the coil passing through decreasing with the volume of the heating fluid as it condenses; these coils leaving a small space their periphery between the. body and them, the outlet of the steam being made in the upper part of the device, side passages being provided for the inlets <Desc / Clms Page number 27> and the outputs of the various coils; h) a group of heat recuperators according to g) characterized by the fact that these recuperators are constructed enveloping each other from the one of highest pressure located inside to the one of lower pressure located outside: i) a group of heat recuperators according to h), the last recuperator of which comprises an outer double wall in which the oil intended to be distilled circulates very slowly; j) the distillation apparatuses are grouped in a single block to avoid heat loss, and to this end their domes are given shapes facilitating this grouping, the voids existing between the calenders and the bottoms of the apparatus being filled with a heat insulator; k) the pipes conducting the petroleum vapors, the water vapors, the refluxes of water and in general any hot fluid are grouped in such a way that they defend each other against heat loss; 1) a rectifier applicable to the following rectification c) which includes. a coil built in an annular space enveloping the upper part of the calender of a distillation apparatus operating according to 1, transformed into a coil by a metal strip of helical shape, the pitch of this helix being variable so as to create, in a cycle successive variations which occur every two turns, a maximum passage section and a minimum passage section superimposed; the metal strip located below a maximum section and above a minimum section being interrupted at these points, the lower part of each strip ending below and a little before the start of the strip located below it with a margin which allows the liquid flowing along the upper band to descend directly through <Desc / Clms Page number 28> EMI28.1 towards this space and (.lE: 1 in ca.::c>;<;e 1 = will traverse the minimum section .; m) a rectifier according to ti) whose metallic band is zi, Fi é:. <; :,.: in inclined radisIcmenL i-., r <. ; the front for C01iJ1JE.n,:; E;: r: r î z; .? n x. c e c c; # t r 1 ± <:. # and pcrniettr-6 to the liquid flowing through it. '.;' to extend.; ur tCl'L (, fja surface; n) a complementary separator of the following rectifier 1) con4 ti tut; - <ij s: the e> .: i = * i o;.; j #. ;;> = n i s i: i; , ';. i <: i ;. z. of e i 'e;, j; ; ..; i ===; z.ii to 1; 1 1. q ..l includes <i; :. <. this. i. ; "i,; z..t ei .: t. <jjGf" t '.;' c Serpentine: #. nv la "ii É. <; i: tO! '1T1E. 1 qu the space ez <1; 1.ui i; 1 # = 1> 1 ± é i' E. i; #i? by a 1J and metallic spiral formanb, e differentiating d precede in the sense that there is no interruption in the band from top to bottom and that this band ect recidialetcent inclined outward, link-The increasing sharply and strongly its periphery where it forms a gutter for evacuating liquids EMI28.2 pJ: 'oj E: t8 :: J concre the body by the coriiririent force to project against the body by centrifugal force; additionally comprising sampling gutters descending along the wall of the envelope in a direction close to the vertical and slightly inclined in the direction of the movement of the steam, open to the movement of the steam to capture the liquids entrained by this movement along the wall, these gutters being interrupted when the helical evacuation gutter passes into which they pour their contents; o) a separator according to n) characterized in that the sampling gutters are transformed into evacuation gutters, and for this purpose are constituted by a flattened tube passing through the separator from top to bottom, open during its passage through a turn of the coil facing the movement of steam as in the previous case, however, when passing the helical evacuation gutter, the tube closes against the movement of the. vapor and opens in reverse senna to receive the liquid flowing along the anterior coil of this. helical gutter and drain it directly. EMI28.3 QII j- 0 0. 0- -7X- - -7 - t, 7--