BE554155A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- BE554155A BE554155A BE554155DA BE554155A BE 554155 A BE554155 A BE 554155A BE 554155D A BE554155D A BE 554155DA BE 554155 A BE554155 A BE 554155A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- autoclave
- chamber
- reaction mixture
- mixing pipe
- main reaction
- Prior art date
Links
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium carbamate Chemical compound [NH4+].NC([O-])=O BVCZEBOGSOYJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C273/02—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds
- C07C273/04—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
- B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
- B01J2219/0009—Coils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/0015—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
- B01J2219/00155—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
- B01J2219/00763—Baffles
- B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
- B01J2219/00777—Baffles attached to the reactor wall horizontal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/18—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
- B01J2219/185—Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/194—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
- B01J2219/1941—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped
- B01J2219/1943—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped cylindrical
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
En vue de la synthèse sous pression de l'urée, on introduit ensemble de l'ammoniac et de l'anhydride carbonique à des tempé- ratures de 160 à 220 C et sous des pressions de 150 à 400 atmosphères en autoclave pour avoir tout d'abord du carbamate d'am- monium que l'on transforme ensuite en urée avec départ d'eau.
Après cette opération on peut alors retirer de l'autoclave comme produit final une solution d'urée, laquelle comporte encore tou- tefois des produits de départ et des produits intermédiaires On peut la débarrasser de ces substances par des moyens connus, mais la séparation des produits de corrosion, qui teintent la solution, s'avère extrêmement difficile.Etant donné que le mé- lange de réaction est très corrosif, on a soin de fabriquer les autoclaves en acier chrome-nickel 18/8/Mo nais;
. cet acier est également attaqué par le mélange normal de réaction
On a trouvé présentement que l'on peut arrêter complètement l'attaque de l'acier spécial de l'autoclave et que l'on peut en
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
même temps obtenir un rendement particulièrement bon lorsque l'on introduit sous pression par mole de CO2 environ 4,
5 moles de NH3 et 1 à 5.10-4 mole de 02 dans un autoclave en acier spécial sous une pression de 300 à 350 atmosphère et qu'à cette occasion on injecte tout d'abord le 002 dans une avant-chambre .à une température inférieure à 180 C dans l'excès de NH3 et introduit alors seulement le mélange de réaction obtenu dans l'enceinte de réaction principale plusieurs fois plus grande et maintenue à 196-208*Ce à partir de laquelle on soutire continuellement le produit final par une soupape de détente.
De cette manière on obtient avec un rendement supérieur à 75% (calculé d'après la quantité de CO2 participante) un mélange de réaction à partir duquel on peut obtenir par simple dégazage une solution incolore et limpide.
Comme la réaction de l'urée est fortement exothermique, l'enceinte de réaction principale doit être maintenue à la température précitée par refroidissement (par exemple au moyen de vapeur). L'avant-chambre peut être installée à l'intérieur de l'enceinte de réaction principale et être supplémentairement refroidie du fait qu'on y introduit les composants de la réaction à une température d'admission adéquatement basse. La mieux est de mélanger l'oxygène avec l'anhydride carbonique, en mélan- geant à ce dernier avant le compresseur une petite quantité d' air.
La figure 1 montre la vue latérale, partiellement en coupe, et la figure 2 un détail d'un autoclave pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé décrit. L'autoclave 10 est doté d'une enveloppe de refroidissement 18 et d'un certain nombre de fonds à feutra 11 qui le divisent en chambres 12. A travers ces chambres passe une tubulure 13 jusqu'à la chambre la plus basse 12a tubulure qui sert d' "avant-chambre". A la tubulure 13 est annexée direc tement en haut la conduite d'admission de NH3 15; par contre,
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
la conduite d'admission de CO2 17, débouche par l'intermédiaire d'une tuyère 16 dans l'avant-chambre 13.
L'ammoniac est introduit sous pression vers 80-120 C au dessus du point critique; l'anhydride carbonique est introduit par pompage à 20 C à l'état liquide et de ce fait tombe en pluie par la tuyère 16 dans .l'excès d'ammoniac. A l'intérieur de l'avant-chambre 13 il ne se produit essentiellement que du carbamate d'ammonium, surtout quand la température dans cette chambre demeure en-dessous de 180 C. Dans la chambre 12a commence alors la conversion en urée, qui progresse lorsque le mélange de réaction s'élève par les fonds à fentes 11 et les chambres 12, jusqu'à ce qu'il parvienne par la tubulure ascendante 14 à la soupape de détente 19. l'oxygène retient ainsi les forces de corrosion.
Comme fonds à fentes 11 servent de préférence des tôles à partir desquelles suivant la figure 2 des bandes étroites 20 à: distances régulières sont séparées par deux découpes parallèles, puis sont repoussées vers le haut par un processus d'étirage de manière à ce que se forment aux arêtes de découpage des fentes .opposées 21,22.
La résistance à la corrosion des joints en contact avec le mélange de réaction chaud est de première importance, c'est-àdire donc en première lieu la résistance de la bague d'étanchéisation 23 de même que celle des bagues d'étanchéisation (non représentées) de la soupape de détente 19. La meilleure solution est de fabriquer ces bagues d'étanchéisation en or fin ou en un alliage à fort pourcentage en or; Celui-ci s'avère absolument inattaquable. Pour économiser l'or on peut aussi plaquer un noyau mou par exemple en plomb, avec une feuille d'or.
REVENDICATIONS.
**ATTENTION** fin du champ DESC peut contenir debut de CLMS **.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
With a view to the pressurized synthesis of urea, ammonia and carbon dioxide are introduced together at temperatures of 160 to 220 C and under pressures of 150 to 400 atmospheres in an autoclave to obtain all First, ammonium carbamate which is then converted into urea with water leaving.
After this operation, a urea solution can then be withdrawn from the autoclave as a final product, which however still contains starting products and intermediate products. These substances can be freed from these substances by known means, but the separation of Corrosion products, which tint the solution, are extremely difficult. Since the reaction mixture is very corrosive, care is taken to manufacture the autoclaves from chromium-nickel steel 18/8 / Mo nais;
. this steel is also attacked by the normal reaction mixture
It has now been found that the attack on the special steel of the autoclave can be completely stopped and that
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
at the same time obtaining a particularly good yield when one introduces under pressure per mole of CO2 approximately 4,
5 moles of NH3 and 1 to 5.10-4 mole of 02 in a special steel autoclave under a pressure of 300 to 350 atmospheres and that on this occasion we first inject 002 into a fore-chamber at a temperature lower than 180 C in the excess NH3 and then only introduces the reaction mixture obtained into the main reaction chamber several times larger and maintained at 196-208 * This from which the final product is continuously withdrawn by a expansion valve.
In this way, a reaction mixture is obtained with a yield greater than 75% (calculated according to the quantity of participating CO 2), from which a colorless and clear solution can be obtained by simple degassing.
As the reaction of urea is highly exothermic, the main reaction chamber must be maintained at the above temperature by cooling (for example by means of steam). The fore-chamber can be installed inside the main reaction chamber and be further cooled by introducing the reaction components therein at a suitably low inlet temperature. It is best to mix the oxygen with the carbon dioxide, mixing with the latter before the compressor a small amount of air.
Figure 1 shows the side view, partially in section, and Figure 2 a detail of an autoclave for carrying out the described process. The autoclave 10 is provided with a cooling envelope 18 and a certain number of feutra bottoms 11 which divide it into chambers 12. Through these chambers passes a pipe 13 to the lowest chamber 12a pipe which serves as a "fore-room". To the pipe 13 is attached directly at the top the NH3 intake pipe 15; On the other hand,
<Desc / Clms Page number 3>
the CO2 intake pipe 17 opens via a nozzle 16 into the fore-chamber 13.
The ammonia is introduced under pressure at around 80-120 C above the critical point; the carbon dioxide is introduced by pumping at 20 C in the liquid state and therefore falls as rain through the nozzle 16 in .l'excess ammonia. Inside the fore-chamber 13 essentially only ammonium carbamate occurs, especially when the temperature in this chamber remains below 180 C. In the chamber 12a then begins the conversion into urea, which progresses as the reaction mixture rises through slotted bottoms 11 and chambers 12, until it reaches through riser 14 to expansion valve 19. oxygen thus retains corrosion forces.
As slotted bottoms 11 preferably serve sheets from which, according to Figure 2, narrow strips 20 at regular distances are separated by two parallel cutouts, then are pushed upwards by a drawing process so that they are form at the cutting edges of the opposing slots 21,22.
The corrosion resistance of the gaskets in contact with the hot reaction mixture is of prime importance, i.e. primarily the resistance of the sealing ring 23 as well as that of the sealing rings (not shown ) of the expansion valve 19. The best solution is to make these sealing rings from fine gold or an alloy with a high percentage of gold; This one is absolutely unassailable. To save gold, a soft core, for example lead, can also be plated with gold leaf.
CLAIMS.
** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BE554155A true BE554155A (en) |
Family
ID=178701
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE554155D BE554155A (en) |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE554155A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3105093A (en) * | 1958-05-07 | 1963-09-24 | Stamicarbon | Process and apparatus for preparing urea from nh3 and co2 |
-
0
- BE BE554155D patent/BE554155A/fr unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3105093A (en) * | 1958-05-07 | 1963-09-24 | Stamicarbon | Process and apparatus for preparing urea from nh3 and co2 |
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