BE732702A - - Google Patents

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Publication number
BE732702A
BE732702A BE732702DA BE732702A BE 732702 A BE732702 A BE 732702A BE 732702D A BE732702D A BE 732702DA BE 732702 A BE732702 A BE 732702A
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BE
Belgium
Prior art keywords
plasma
flame
desc
page number
clms page
Prior art date
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French (fr)
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Publication date
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Publication of BE732702A publication Critical patent/BE732702A/fr

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134Plasma spraying
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32Plasma torches using an arc

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Description

  

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



  Procédé pour déposer un matériau de recouvrement   au   moyen d'une flamme à plasma. 



     La.présente   invention est relative à un prccédé pour déposer un   matériau   de recouvrement au moyen d'une flamme à plasma. Ce procédé esr spécialement intéressant lorsqu'on envi- sage un dépôt sur un produit d'une largeur assez grande tel que par exemple un produit métallurgique plat, des corps de chaudière, des réservoirs, des profilés, etc... 



   Il est bien connu que l'utilisation d'une flamme à plasma permet de réaliser dans de bonnes conditions d'accro- chage la projection d'un matériau de recouvrement sur un substrat 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 déterminé. le bon accrochage provenant d' une part des tempéra-   tures   élevées réalisées dans la flamme à plamma, et d'autre part de la très grande vitesse   d'éjection   des gaz hors de la tor- che produisent la flume. 



   On sait par ailleurs que les torches à plamme possèdent le plus souvent une géométrie cylindrique. le plame créé entre cathode centrale cylindrique entourée d'une   anoda   en forme de tuyère, étant également cylindrique. 



     @   On sait également que le refroidissement de la tuyère provoque une contraction radiale de la veine de plasma avec comme   conséquence,   une augmentation de sa température dans la zone axiale du plasma: les filets de gaz ionisés se déplacant dans les tuyères se comportent alors comme un ensemble de cou- rants électriques parallèles qui s'attirent, réalisant ainsi cana la veine un pincement d'origine   électro-magnétique.   



   Lorsqu'on envisage   l'utilisation   d'une toile torche pour l'application d'une couche d'un matériau de recouvre- ment sur un substrat assez large, tel que par exemple une   tôle,   on ne peut en général pas embrasser toute la largeur du dit substrat au moyen de la flamme sortant de la torche, ce qui con- duit à effectuer plusieurs passes pour réaliser un recouvre- ment complet. 



   Une telle méthode présente notamment les incon- vénients d'être assez lente et de réaliser des couches de re- couvrement d'épaisseurs inégales spécialement aux jonctions des différentes passes. 



   La présente invention a pour objet un procédé permettant de remédier aisément à ces inconvénients. 



   Le procédé objet de la présente invention con- siste à modifier la forme de la flamme à plasma sortant de la torche, de façon à la rendre au moins aussi large que le produit dont on envisage le recouvrement. Conformément à l'invention, cette modification de forme est obtenue en changeant la géométrie des électrodes entre lesquelles on fait éclater l'arc générateur de plasma. 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 3> 

 



    @   
 EMI3.1 
 Le procédé de l'invention est eMentielleatent caruat6r.sd en ce que l'un fait passer un flux de gaz entre deux , '18C' Je polarité@ 4iff6r.ntG., entre lesquelles on fait jaillir un arc électrique, l'électrode négative proeentant dans le son  txansv4xael, c'8.t--eSir., norrosl d ôune d dlc9roent du flux de gaz, une di naion sensibxament, plus c;.rauc.1e que l'autre, l'électrode pcmitive entourant cOlÇJ.t.Ul\t:

   à'41*çtrodo négative et offrant aux gaz transformé* en plasn4, un orifice de sortie de préférence en ferme de tuyère, ox6epr.tnnt ±gal oent dana le sens treasverpal une dimension sensiblement 8upériuxe l'autre, et en et qu'on soumet eu moins l'électrode positive. 'un refroi- dio6oe-rt 8nergique, au moins au voisinage de son o?ific  ai sor- ti.e. ce qui a pour effet d'augmenter la déformation de la î1anoe/, de plasma dans le sens d'un   amincissement   de son pinceau. 



   Il a été trouvé avantageux de couiner le procédé ci-dessus décrit avec un aecond moyen, pour accentuer encore la déformation de la flamme de plasma, par allongement de celle-ci suivant: sa plus grande dimension transversale. 



   Ce second moyen consiste essentiellement à son- mettre le pinceau de plasma au voisinage de sa sortie de l'élec- trode positive à un champ électrique et/ou magnétique, dont la for- me plane est   sensiblement   perpendiculaire l'allure générale de la flamme de   plasma.   Suivant les effets d'allongement (dans le 
 EMI3.2 
 plan transveree.11 à obtenir, les champs électriques et/ou magné- tiques peuvent   tre   continu ou alternatif, périodiques, pulsatoi- res, homogène ou non et d'intensité réglable suivant une la? temporelle quelconque. 



   L'efficacité de la déflexion obtenue dépend principalement du tauy d'ionisation du gaz, de l'intensité des   champb,   de la vitesse d'éjection du gaz plasma. Suivant les caractéristiques continues ou périodiques des champs auxquels ils sont soumis, les courants ionique et électronique du plasma se- ront toujours déviés dans le même sens, ou, au contraire pério- diquement déviés dans un sens puis dans l'autre. 



   Cette efficacité peut encore être renforcée en ensemençant le jet gazeux, par exemple, par introduction d'éléments alcalinoterreux dans le dit jet. 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 4> 

 



  Le croquis ci-dessous, donné à titre d'exem- 
 EMI4.1 
 pte non lh1': I:tif, représenta s(hématiqe1Cle1\t dans les trois vues, une   Lorche   plasma grâce à laquelle on peut mettre en oeuvre le procédé de la demande. 



   Sur cas trois vues l'électrode négative est en 1: l'électrode positive en 2. Ces deux électrodes présenten toutes deux, ainsi que l'orifice 3, une dimension transversale nettement plus Grande que l'autre. Les champs électriques et/- magnétiques sont diriges suivant un plan perpendiculaire à l'a xe de symétrie de   l'électrode   1. La   sone     d'influence   de ces champs se trouve confiné sous ou au niveau   i .férieur   de l'é- lectrode négative. 



   REVENDICATIONS. 



  1. Procédé caractérisé en ce que l'on fait pas- ser un flux de gaz entre deux électrodes de polarités dif- férentes, entre lesquelles on fait jailli\ la arc électrique, l'électrode négative présentant dans le sent transversal, 
 EMI4.2 
 c'est-à-di, normal au sens de déplacomont du flux de gaz, une dimension sensiblement plus grande que l'autre, l'électrode positive entourant complètement l'61eotxo4te ;6gative et oJf::¯n:

   aux gaz transforMés en plasma, un orifL0=o do soucie ce préfé- rence en forme de tuyère, présentant ég 1, meit dans le sens transversal une dimension aenwibloment aw,6rieure à l'autre, et en ce qu'on soumet au moins l'électrode positive, à un re- froidissement énergique, au moins au   voisinage   de son orifice 
 EMI4.3 
 de sortie, ce qui a pour effet d' augaortax 'ta déformation de la flamme ae plasma dans le  ne d'un Mtcj.aawatent de son pinceau. 



  2. Procède suivant la rn3:;:aticsn 1, aaractiri né on ce que, au voisinage de sa sortia de 1 électrode posi- 

**ATTENTION** fin du champ DESC peut contenir debut de CLMS **.



   <Desc / Clms Page number 1>
 



  A method of depositing a covering material using a plasma flame.



     The present invention relates to a method for depositing a covering material by means of a plasma flame. This process is particularly advantageous when a deposit is envisioned on a product of a fairly large width such as for example a flat metallurgical product, boiler bodies, tanks, profiles, etc.



   It is well known that the use of a plasma flame enables the projection of a covering material onto a substrate under good bonding conditions.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 2>

 determined. the good adhesion resulting on the one hand from the high temperatures achieved in the plasma flame, and on the other hand from the very high speed of ejection of the gases out of the torch produce the flume.



   It is also known that flame torches most often have a cylindrical geometry. the plate created between a cylindrical central cathode surrounded by a nozzle-shaped anoda, also being cylindrical.



     @ We also know that the cooling of the nozzle causes a radial contraction of the plasma stream with the consequence of an increase in its temperature in the axial zone of the plasma: the streams of ionized gas moving in the nozzles then behave like a set of parallel electric currents which attract each other, thus creating an electro-magnetic pinch of the vein.



   When considering the use of a torch cloth for the application of a layer of a covering material on a rather large substrate, such as for example a sheet, one cannot in general embrace the entire surface. width of said substrate by means of the flame coming out of the torch, which leads to making several passes in order to achieve complete coverage.



   Such a method has in particular the drawbacks of being quite slow and of producing covering layers of unequal thickness, especially at the junctions of the different passes.



   The subject of the present invention is a method which makes it possible to easily remedy these drawbacks.



   The method which is the subject of the present invention consists in modifying the shape of the plasma flame exiting the torch, so as to make it at least as large as the product which is to be covered. In accordance with the invention, this change in shape is obtained by changing the geometry of the electrodes between which the plasma generating arc is burst.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 3>

 



    @
 EMI3.1
 The process of the invention is essentially caruat6r.sd in that one passes a flow of gas between two, '18C' I polarity @ 4iff6r.ntG., Between which an electric arc is spouted, the negative electrode proeentant in the sound txansv4xael, c'8.t - eSir., norrosl of a decrease in gas flow, one di naion sensitively, more c; .rauc.1e than the other, the pcmitive electrode surrounding cOlÇJ. t.Ul \ t:

   à'41 * çtrodo negative and offering to gases transformed * into plasn4, an outlet orifice preferably in nozzle farm, ox6epr.tnnt ± gal oent in the treasverpal sense a dimension appreciably 8upériuxe the other, and in and that one subject minus the positive electrode. 'an energetic cooling, at least in the vicinity of its outlet. which has the effect of increasing the deformation of the plasma i1anoe in the direction of a thinning of its brush.



   It has been found advantageous to squeal the process described above with a second means, in order to further accentuate the deformation of the plasma flame, by lengthening the latter according to: its largest transverse dimension.



   This second means essentially consists in subjecting the plasma brush near its outlet from the positive electrode to an electric and / or magnetic field, the planar shape of which is substantially perpendicular to the general shape of the flame. of plasma. Depending on the lengthening effects (in the
 EMI3.2
 transverse plane.11 to be obtained, the electric and / or magnetic fields can be direct or alternating, periodic, pulsatile, homogeneous or not and of adjustable intensity according to a? any temporal.



   The efficiency of the deflection obtained depends mainly on the ionization rate of the gas, on the intensity of the fields, on the ejection speed of the plasma gas. Depending on the continuous or periodic characteristics of the fields to which they are subjected, the ionic and electronic currents of the plasma will always be deflected in the same direction, or, on the contrary, periodically deflected in one direction then in the other.



   This efficiency can be further enhanced by seeding the gaseous jet, for example, by introducing alkaline earth elements into said jet.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 4>

 



  The sketch below, given as an example
 EMI4.1
 pte non lh1 ': I: tif, represented (hematiqe1Cle1 \ t in the three views, a plasma Lorch thanks to which we can implement the process of the request.



   In three cases, the negative electrode is in 1: the positive electrode in 2. These two electrodes both present, as well as the orifice 3, a transverse dimension markedly greater than the other. The electric and / - magnetic fields are directed along a plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of electrode 1. The influence of these fields is confined under or at the lower level of the electrode. negative.



   CLAIMS.



  1. Method characterized in that a gas flow is passed between two electrodes of different polarities, between which the electric arc is spouted, the negative electrode having in the transverse direction,
 EMI4.2
 that is, normal to the direction of displacement of the gas flow, one dimension appreciably larger than the other, the positive electrode completely surrounding the eotxoid; 6gative and oJf :: ¯n:

   to gases transformed into plasma, an orifL0 = o do concerns this preference in the form of a nozzle, exhibiting equal 1, meit in the transverse direction a dimension aenwibloment aw, greater than the other, and in that one submits at least the positive electrode, to energetic cooling, at least in the vicinity of its orifice
 EMI4.3
 output, which has the effect of 'augaortax' ta deformation of the plasma flame in the ne of a Mtcj.aawatent of his brush.



  2. Proceed according to rn3:;: aticsn 1, aaractiri ne on that, in the vicinity of its output of 1 posi-

** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.

 

Claims (1)

tive, le pinceau de plasme est soume à un champ électrique EMI4.4 et/ou magnétique, dont la lorr est plant et 88ft.tb\t perpQn4iculaire . l'.11un général* de la flumAe à plaaweo <Desc/Clms Page number 5> 3. Procédé suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les jets gazeux sont ensemencés au moyen d'éléments alcalinoterreux. tive, the plasma brush is subjected to an electric field EMI4.4 and / or magnetic, the lorr of which is planted and 88ft.tb \ t perpQn4iculaire. the 11a general * of the flumAe in plaaweo <Desc / Clms Page number 5> 3. Method according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the gas jets are seeded by means of alkaline earth elements. 4. Procédés telb que décrits ci-dessus. 4. Processes as described above.
BE732702D 1969-05-07 1969-05-07 BE732702A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE732702 1969-05-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BE732702A true BE732702A (en) 1969-11-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BE732702D BE732702A (en) 1969-05-07 1969-05-07

Country Status (1)

Country Link
BE (1) BE732702A (en)

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