BRPI1002168A2 - Pre-tensioned triaticulated flat gantry of treated natural timber and method for combining / assembling two or more gantries in the construction of warehouses, walkways and bridges - Google Patents

Abstract

PURTIC PRE-TENSIONED PLANE IN NATURAL WOOD PRE-TENSIONED ROLLER TREATED AND METHOD FOR ASSOCIATION / ASSEMBLY OF TWO OR MORE PURPOSES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHEDS, BRIDGES AND BRIDGES. Porch (1) in round wood obtained from reforestation management, specially developed to act as a structural module for civil constructions, such as sheds, bulk warehouse roofs with or without longitudinal platform, gymnasiums, warehouses, walkways, bridges (PT) and others uses. According to the invention, the frames (1), as well as the referred constructions (CG) / (PT) are obtained quickly, safely and at a reduced cost compared to the usual metallic, precast concrete and hardwood frames. sawn; the rounded wooden portico has a special shape obtained from two round beams (2) from reforestation wood, arranged in the shape of a "V", and locked at their thinner ends (2a) through a metallic connection (3) in hood-shaped, forming an angle of approximately 900 between said beams (2); a round piece of wood (4), used as a latch, is installed at 2/3 of the height of the frame (1), and the locking between the two beams (2) and the piece of wood (4) is carried out by means of identical metallic connectors (5); the porch (1) has a final configuration resistant to the mechanical stresses required by the civil constructions idealized in the form of warehouses, walkways, bridges and other uses.

Description

"TRIARTICU PLANE PORT APARTMENT NSIO NATURAL WOOD SWIMMING TREATED ROLL AND METHOD FOR ASSOCIATION / ASSEMBLY OF TWO OR MORE PORTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF SHEDS, CATHEDRALS AND BRIDGES".

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention is a pretensioned tri-articulated gantry structure made of natural roundwood treated hereinafter referred to as the "improved gantry", specially developed to function as the main structural modular element of civil construction, such as industrial warehouses, warehouses, walkways, bridges. , gyms and other uses. The application of this building system speeds up these constructions presenting significant cost reduction when compared to the metallic structures, reinforced concrete or sawn hardwood, with the same purpose and function.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUNDS

Some structural systems may, when conveniently combined, work together, associated, as with structural systems called gantries.

The most commonly used gantries in civil construction are those of metal structures or precast concrete, formed by columns, beams and trusses, composing walls and roofs. They are used in the construction of warehouses, in a wide range of spans, for use in industries, factories, warehouses, stores, gyms, garages, etc.

To a lesser extent, wooden frames are also employed, which are generally made in the form of trusses for use in the roof structures themselves, and are usually associated with steel or reinforced concrete columns and beams.

These latter frames are made of hardwood, which has high durability. However, the cost of sawn hardwood and its decreasing availability have made the most frequent use of this type of structure unfeasible. In addition, the skilled workforce of carpenters used in making and assembling these gantries is becoming increasingly rare, constituting another barrier.

On the other hand, the use of natural roundwood treated with trees of the botanical genus Eucalyptus is widely used in the construction of fences, houses, kiosks, small bridges and, mainly, poles applied in the primary energy distribution network.

This type of wood, usually autoclaved, is processed under vacuum pressure to protect it, as it prevents deterioration by attack by external agents (physical, chemical and biological).

Eucalyptus production has an important ecological appeal and, especially in our country, has several advantages, such as: rapid growth; desirable silvicultural characteristics (increment, shape and pruning); great diversity of species; adaptation of the crop to the various climate and soil conditions; seed and vegetative propagation facilities. In addition, it is a renewable product that provides intensive reforestation, contributes to the regularization of rainfall and atmospheric CO2 emissions; benefits the environment and has an advantageous cost when compared to other sawn hardwoods or reinforced concrete posts and posts. TECHNICAL STATE ANALYSIS

It is of great interest, both for Brazil and for other countries, to develop constructive structures and solutions that are inexpensive and, at the same time, fast to implement and feasible to build in hard to reach places.

Through searches of specialized patent websites, it is observed that the conventional models of gantries employed in construction are generally complex. As an example, document n. PI 8203997, which deals with a type of reinforced concrete gantry for various applications, or no. PI 7705751-1, which refers to a standardized metal gantry gantry. Note also the document of n. MU 8600151-5, which deals with a structure designed to meet the needs of intensive animal husbandry such as poultry, swine, etc., similar to a gantry model found in PI 9703458-4, which is also a pre structure. -fabricated made up of metal modules for the construction of sheds intended for the breeding of birds in confinement.

In gantries and structures used to cover warehouses for bulk fertilizer storage, one of the major concerns is corrosion of metal parts and chemical attack on reinforced concrete parts. To try to minimize this damage and reduce maintenance labor, most of these structures are made of sawn hardwood. Thus, for the construction of such warehouses, in addition to investing in the purchase of said lumber, it is necessary to hire specialized labor (carpenters) for the construction of said structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In view of these difficulties, the applicant considered it extremely important, in the present context, to present the option of a porch-shaped structure that is a practical, fast and economical alternative, aimed at making various types of roofs (for sheds, gyms, bulk warehouses, and others), wooden walkways and bridges (for the circulation of vehicles in general).

The improved portico in question represents the main structure of the building. The association with other gantries and complementary structural elements including foundations ensures a balanced and joint operation in the transfer of the loads that act in the construction.

Unlike most structures using on-site or precast reinforced concrete, steel and sawn hardwood, eucalyptus trunks will be used in the improved portico, which, as already mentioned, represents an ecological solution, as they come from reforestation planned and controlled by environmental agencies.

The two main parts of the improved portico are plump eucalyptus trunks, arranged in a "V" shape and forming an angle of approximately 90Â °, locked at their thinnest end through a metal hood connection. Another piece of roundwood, used as a lock, is installed at 2/3 of the height of the gantry, locking the two "legs" of the gantry. The wood is autoclaved and processed under vacuum pressure to protect the permeable regions and to prevent deterioration by external agents (physical, chemical and biological).

All locking and securing between wood pieces is accomplished through metal connectors. The attached modular structure, before being mounted on the final site and still on the floor, has pre-tensioned "V" free ends, reducing the modular gantry base span by approximately 5% using a cable of steel. The purpose of this pretension will be explained later.

The gantries are made on the flat floor, ie horizontally, and their subsequent mounting at the place of use requires that the concrete supports and their foundations be made in advance, which should absorb the stresses of the permanent loads, wind and pretension, spaced according to the project. Each pair of concrete supports will receive the respective ends of the prestressed gantry. This will be lifted by means of a small crane or equivalent, raised to positioning up to the pair of concrete supports. After placing the gantry over the concrete support pair, the wire rope used for pre-tensioning the gantry is removed, allowing the ends of the gantry to self-lock on said supports. The forces inserted in the pre-tensioning increase the load capacity of the gantry, thus allowing its best use.

In case the improved gantry is used as a cover for bulk warehouses, warehouses and similar civil structures, multiple identical gantries are arranged side by side and mounted on corresponding pairs of concrete supports, duly spaced from each other, to obey the given distance. In the project. The gantries are plumbed, their upper parts close to the ridge are locked by a piece of eucalyptus treated to maintain the standard superior spacing between them and all are braced to prevent tipping of the assembly.

Then, the external surface of each gantry beam is assembled and fixed by equidistant spaced spaced supports, which will be used to assemble the purlins and structure the roof for subsequent closure with corrugated or similar tiles.

The upper locking parts of each gantry, arranged at 2/3 of their height, can, in the case of bulk warehouses, be interconnected by means of longitudinal beams, forming bridges or walkways for the transit of people and trolleys.

In case the improved gantry is used for making walkways or bridges, at least two parallel arranged gantries are required, which are interconnected to the gangway or to the bearing base or tray by means of metal tie rods and tensioning bars or truss bars. The walkway or rolling base or deck is formed by stringers, transverse and floor of wooden planks or associated wooden and concrete planks.

For bridges, the improved gantry can be used in spans of up to 30.0 m and its dimension must take into account its own weight, as well as the rolling base or tray, in association with vehicle loads on bearings stipulated by NBR-7190 / 97 (Timber Structures Projects) and NBR-7188/94 (Mobile Cargo on Road Bridges and Pedestrian Walkways).

Eucalypto wood species to be used for making the improved gantry are preferably Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus paniculata, Eucalyptus citriodoraor Eucalyptus tereticornis, belonging to the resistance class of dicotyledonias. All wood used follows the procedure proposed by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT (1997), through NBR 7190.

OBJECTIVES AND ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

One of the objectives of the present invention is to improve the use in the construction of roundwood logs from reforestation, in view of their great availability and ecological advantages, adding this specialization to the construction techniques of gantries.

Another objective achieved with the improved portico was to verify that their ease of construction in the places of application, allows to build bulk warehouses, warehouses, gyms, walkways and bridges in a practical and agile way, greatly assisting the civil defense in works of almost necessity. that immediate and low cost, using local unskilled labor, only coordinated.

The use of these improved gantries in fertilizer bulk shed structures solves the drawbacks of the chemical attack of these products on metal parts and precast concrete (aggressiveness: CAAIV-NBR6118 / 03). Even compared to similar lumber porticoes that do not have this problem, there are numerous advantages. The wood used to make the improved gantries comes from reforestation and its use frees the use of hardwood for nobler purposes, besides promoting a great saving of specialized labor, since it reduces the need for carpenters in the area. constructions.

Another great advantage of the improved gantry is the fact that the pre-tensioning applied to its base, after mounting it on the ground and before placing it on the concrete supports, generate forces contrary to those required by its own weight, ρ and the weight of the eventual wind load and others, such as additional weights of the solid bulk unloading trolleys, mounted on the bridge supported by the upper locking crossmembers of each gantry, thus enabling a slimmer and safer structure.

In wooden bridges, in turn, the increase of the free span (up to 30.0 m) with the use of the improved gantries, directly implies a greater ease of construction and, consequently, a reduction in cost, since it reduces the number of pillars of the bridge. In addition, it makes it possible to transpose rivers into deep valleys or when current conditions make it difficult to construct pillars and / or crimps.

Increasing bridge load capacity is a requirement of the current development of the automotive industry, which is increasingly expanding the capacity of trucks. The bridges made with the improved gantries have great strength and guarantee the input of inputs on farms and the flow of their production.

When using the wooden-concrete crane deck, a significant reduction in maintenance costs and increased durability can be achieved. This is due to the reduction of the harmful effects of weather (wet-dry cycle) and traffic, which would no longer directly affect the wood.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

In addition to the present description and in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the following set of drawings is attached where:

Figure 1 shows an improved gantry application with the main features of this invention;

Figure 2 shows a front view of the portico with the main elements;

Figure 2A is a front view of the portico supported on its respective concrete bases;

Figure 3 shows the upper metal connector joining the thinner ends of the gantry beams;

Figures 4 and 4A show the metal connector joining the upper third of the gantry to the locking cross member;

Figure 5 shows the reinforced concrete support, where the end of the gantry beam is fitted.

Figure 6 shows a schematic view of two bulk sheds made with improved gantries and a central street with an auxiliary gantry structure;

Fig. 7 illustrates another model of bulk sheds or bulk warehouses with the ground plane lowered relative to the original ground plane;

Figure 8 is a schematic side view of a bridge over a river;

Figure 9 shows a detail of a metal connector used in bridge making;

Figures 10 and 11 represent, respectively, plan sections and elevation of the bridge illustrated in Figure 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION According to the illustrations, the present invention "PRETENSED NATURAL WOOD TRIARTICULATED TRITICAL PLAN PATTERN TREATED AND ASSEMBLY / ASSEMBLY METHOD OF TWO OR MORE PORTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF SHEDS, PASSARELS FOR DEVELOPMENT" structural construction such as roofs (CG) of bulk sheds with or without bridges or walkways (TB), gymnasiums, warehouses, walkways, bridges and other uses.

The improved gantry (1) is made from two treated round natural wood beams (2) arranged in a "V" shape and locked at its thinnest ends (2a) through a metal-shaped hood (3) forming an approximate angle of 90 ° between said beams (2). A round piece of wood (4), used as a lock, is installed at 2/3 of the height of the gantry (1), and the fixing between the two beams (2) and the piece of wood (4) is made by means of of metal connectors (5). The improved gantry (1), before being mounted on the supports, has pre-tensioned free ends (2b), reducing the gap (x) by approximately 5% using a steel cable or tie rod (Ca ) (Figure 2).

As an example, the improved gantry model (1) has a span (x) of 30 meters, with a height (y) of 15 meters, and each beam (2) has an approximate length of 21.5 m and its largest base. (2b), approximately 45 cm in diameter and its smaller base (2a), approximately 25 cm in diameter.

The treated natural roundwood to be used in the fabrication of each gantry (1) is preferably of the genus Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus paniculata, Eucalyptus citriodora or Eucalyptus tereticornis, or the like, belonging to the resistance class of dicotiledonias.

In case the gantries (1) are intended for roofing (CG) (figure 2A), the external surfaces of each beam (2) of the gantry (1) receive the fixing of metal supports (6) or other material, which they are distributed in line with the longitudinal axis of the beam, with equidistant (el) spacing. The conventional thirds (7) will be fixed to the supports (6) and will serve to structure the roof, subsequently closed with corrugated tiles (8) or the like.

The metal fittings will be made of USISAC sliding steel with a sacrificial thickness of 1 mm.

The hooded metal fitting (3) is configured by a 90 ° welded U-section plate (3a) forming two symmetrical and opposite segments (3b), each with multiple holes (3c). The segments (3b) receive the engagement of the thin ends (2a) of the beams (2), which are pierced by studs (R). From the center of the connection (3) a semi-tubular branch (3d) is projected which has multi-perforated side flaps (3e) to compose, with the complementary element (3f), a roof structural beam (VE) clamp , which will have the function of locking the gantries with each other by the ridge and ensuring a superior standard clearance.

Above the metal fittings (3), after mounting the tiles (8), when mounting the cover, the ridge (CM) is applied (see figure 2A).

The metal connection (5) is composed of a pair of elements (5a) and (5b) that joins a section of the beam (2) with one end of the locking cross member (4). To this end, the element (5a) is formed by a half-reed plate welded at an angle of 135 ° and reinforced by a central rib (5a1). These half-rod side plates are provided with multiple holes (5a "). Each of the elements (5b) is formed by two plate segments (5b ') and (5b") welded together and also provided with multiple holes. (5b '"). All these holes (5a") and (5b' ") are pierced by captive screws (R).

To assemble the gantries (1), whether in the construction of warehouses or bridges (PT), the following steps are required:

(a) the beams (2), locking cross member (4), metal connectors (3) and (5) for making the gantry (1) are mounted and fixed to the flat floor (S), ie in a horizontal position;

b) at the same time, the concrete support pairs (9) Figure (5) are made, which are made up of blocks (9a) provided with socket (9b) with 90 ° angle figure (5) and properly calculated to withstand the vertical and horizontal stresses of permanent loads, any loadings of trolleys, wind loads and pretensioning. They will be built on their foundations with spacings (e2), and spans up to 30.0 m, according to the project;

c) each gantry (1), mounted on the ground (S), is subsequently lifted by crane (not shown) or equivalent, and positioned so that the larger bases (2b), tensioned by the wire rope, are placed on the fittings (9b) of the concrete supports (9);

d) After positioning the gantry (1) on the supports (9), the steel rod is removed from the ends (2b) of the gantry (1), allowing its self-locking in the respective fittings (9b) of the supports. concrete (9).

In the construction of sheds there will be an association of several gantries supported on the concrete bases, locked in the ridge and braced, as previously described.

In case the gantries (1) are used in the form of covering (CG) of bulk warehouses, the locking plugs (4) can be used as support for beams and gangways (Tb), constituting a platform for unloading trolleys. solid bulk and / or worker movement.

If the modular gantry is to be used for bridge making (PT) (Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11), at least two parallel gantry (1), parallel to each other, with span (V) between them, are required. approximately 5 meters. They will be supported on their respective concrete supports (9 '), made on retaining walls or similar (10), obeying a span (x) of up to' 30 meters. These supports (9 ') will also receive the ends of wooden stringers (16). Each beam (2) has on its outside cross members (15) also made of reforestation roundwood with hangers and steel rods (13) that will connect the transverse (11) arranged transversely under the stringers.

In the lower part of the gantries there are steel rods (12) that will tie the transverse ones closest to the supports. The first two sleepers on each side of the gantry will be braced by steel rods (17). Underneath the locking beams (18) will also be made "X" braces with steel rods.

The track (PR) (Figure 11) of the bridge is formed by multiple lower spars (16) in pieces of roundwood, with an average diameter (m) of 35 cm, arranged in parallel, spaced about 80 m apart. cm and fixed alternately to the transverse ones (11). On the stringers (16) are fixed transversely the wooden planks (20) forming a tray that allows the displacement of vehicles (VL).

To connect the beams (2) to the crossmembers (15), a metal connection (19) (detail figure 9) is used, which provides a tubular clamp (19a) for fixing next to the beam (2) where the support is fixed. half rod (19d) for the sleepers (15). Only 2/3 of the gantry height on the underside of beam 2 projects a laminar branch (19b) with a tubular body (19c) welded to this branch for engagement and securing the end of the crossmember (18) locking the gantry.

In the case of sheds and in an example of alternative construction (Figure 6), carried out in a single ground plane (S), the assembly may be configured by two sheds (G), arranged side by side, interspersed by a covered street with its structure (ET1), also formed by porticos (IA) of round beams (2A), joined together by metal connections (18), and to the beams (2) of porticos (1) by other metal connections (19). This structure (ETl) has each of the beams (2A) supported by a column (Cl), in turn supported by the upper face of the concrete support (9) and fixed to the beam (2A) by means of connection (20). .

In another construction option (figure 7), the structure formed by the gantries (1) in association with the central structure (ET2) can be mounted on a lowered ground section (Sl) later, and for this purpose, the entire construction is made. on concrete columns (C2) in whose apexes the supports (9) are installed.

Admittedly, when the present invention is put into practice, variations and modifications may be made with respect to certain details of construction and shape without implying departing from the fundamental principles which are clearly substantiated in the claim framework. It is understood that the terminology employed was for the purpose of description rather than limitation.

Claims (10)

1. "PORTAL TREARTICULATED TRIARTICULATED PLAN OF NATURAL WOOD TREATED ROLICE AND METHOD FOR ASSOCIATION / ASSEMBLY OF TWO OR MORE PORTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF SHEDS, CATHEDRALS AND BRIDGES", this gantry has been developed to serve as a structural module. as roofs of bulk sheds, bridges or walkways, gyms, warehouses, walkways, bridges and other uses; characterized in that the improved gantry (1) is made from two treated round natural wood beams (2) arranged in a "V" shape and locked at its thinner ends (2a) by means of a metal connection (3) forming an approximate 90 ° angle between said beams (2). A round piece of wood (4), used as a lock, is installed at 2/3 of the height of the gantry (1), and the fixing between the two beams (2) and the piece of wood (4) is made by means of of other metal connectors (5); the improved gantry (1), before being placed on the supports, has pre-tensioned free ends (2b), reducing the span (x) by approximately 5% using a steel cable or tie (Ca ) (Figure 2). "Enhanced porch" according to Claim 1a and in a preferred constructional option, characterized in that the gantry design (1) has a span (x) of up to 30 meters, a height (y) of up to 15 In this case, each round beam has -21.5 m larger base (2b) with approximate diameter of 45 cm and smaller base (2a) with approximate diameter of 25 cm. "Enhanced porch" according to claims -1a and 2a and characterized in that the wood species employed in making each gantry (1) are of the genus Eucalyptus, preferably Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus paniculata, Eucalyptus citriodora or Eucalyptus tereticornis; belonging to the resistance class of dicotyledonias. 4. "PERFORMED PORTIC" according to the preceding claims and in a preferred construction used to obtain roofs, characterized in that the frames (1) provide that the external surfaces (2c) of each beam (2) of the modular frame (1) they receive the attachment of a plurality of metal supports or other material (6), which are distributed in alignment along the longitudinal axis of the beam (2), with equidistant (el) spacings; On the supports (6) are mounted the roof structure (7) which can be closed with corrugated tiles (8) or other suitable ones. "Enhanced porch" according to Claim 1a, characterized in that the hood-shaped metal connection (3) is configured by a 90 ° welded "U" section plate (3a) to form a two symmetrical and opposite segments (3b) each having multiple holes (3c); the segments (3b) receive the fit of the thin ends (2a) of the beams (2), which are pierced by studs (R) or equivalent; From the center of the connection (3) a semi-tubular branch (3d) is designed which has multiperforated side flaps (3e) to compose, with the complementary element (3f), a clamp for the roof structural beam (VE) disposed next to the ridge. "Enhanced porch" according to Claim 1a, characterized in that the metal connection (5) is composed of a pair of elements (5a) and (5b) and joins a section of the beam (2) with respect to the end of the locking crossmember (4); the element (5a) is formed by a half-reed plate welded at an angle of 135 ° and provided with a central rib (5a '), while the side plate sections are provided with multiple holes (5a "). ); each of the elements (5b) is formed by two plate segments (5b ') and (5b ") welded together and provided with multiple holes (5b'"); holes (5a ") and (5b '" ) are pierced by prisoners (R) or similar. 7. "TWO OR MORE PORTICAL ASSEMBLY METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SHEDS, CATALONS AND BRIDGES", characterized by the fact that for the assembly of the gantries (1), whether in the construction of sheds (CG), walkways or bridges ( (A) the following steps are required: (a) the gantry beams (2), transom (4), gantry connectors (3) and (5) are mounted and fixed to each other on the flat floor (S) , ie in the horizontal position; b) In parallel, multiple pairs of concrete supports (9) are made, spaced from each other in spans of up to 30.0 m, which are configured by blocks (9a) provided with socket (9b) at an angle of 90 °. ; each concrete support (9) is fixed to their respective foundations spaced apart (e2) from each other; c) each gantry (1), previously mounted on the ground (S) is lifted by crane or equivalent, being positioned so that the larger bases (2b), pre-tensioned by the wire rope (Ca) are placed on the fittings (9b) of a pair of concrete supports (9); d) After positioning the gantry (1) on the supports (9), the steel rod (Ca) is removed from the ends (2b) of the gantry (1), which are in turn locked in the respective fittings (9b). ) of the concrete supports (9). 8. "TWO OR MORE PORTICAL ASSEMBLY METHOD FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION" according to claims 1a to 7a and in the case of gantries (1) being used in the form of covering (CG) of bulk warehouses, characterized by the pieces rounds (4) used as locks to support beams and walkways (Tb), configuring a platform for moving trolleys for the discharge of solid bulk and / or movement of workers. 9. "TWO-PUBLIC ASSEMBLY METHOD FOR BRIDGE AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION" according to claims 1a and 7a and in the case of the improved gantry (1) being used for the manufacture of walkways and bridges, characterized in that the assembly includes at least two (1), arranged parallel to each other with a space span (V) of approximately 5 meters and supported on their supports (9 '), made up of local structural shoes (10), obeying a span (x) of up to 30 meters, supports (9 ') which, in turn, also receive the ends of wooden yongarines (16); each beam (2) has multiple hangers (12) and steel tie rods (13) which engage supports (14) provided in the respective transverse (11); the outer parts of the beams (2) of each gantry (1) are joined by upper crossmembers (15), made of reforestation roundwood; the raceway (PR) or bridge deck (PL) is formed by multiple lower stringers (16) in roundwood pieces of average diameter 35 cm arranged / spaced about 80 cm apart and fixed, alternatively to transverse ones (11); on the stringers (16) are arranged transversely to the wooden planks (20), which are fixed to said stringers (16), forming a vehicle displacement tray (VL). 10. "TWO OR MORE PORTICAL ASSEMBLY METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION OF COVERS, CATCHES AND BRIDGES" according to claim 8a and in the case of joining the beams (2) to the locking cross member (4), characterized in that it is A metal connection (19) is provided, which provides a tubular clamp (19a) for attachment to the beam (2), from which the lower section projects a laminar branch (19b) with tubular body (19c) that engages and fixes the end. of the upper crossmember (15) and, on the opposite side, a half-rod connection (19d) is provided for fitting and securing the locking part (18).