CA1075270A - Methode et composition de preparation d'une surface ferreuse pour l'emaillage - Google Patents

Methode et composition de preparation d'une surface ferreuse pour l'emaillage

Info

Publication number: CA1075270A
Authority: CA; Canada
Prior art keywords: coating; coat; composition; frit; porcelain enamel
Prior art date: 1976-03-26
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired

Application number

CA263,186A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Ralph A. Leonard

Otto C. Linhart

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

EAGLE-PICHER INDUSTRIES

Original Assignee

EAGLE-PICHER INDUSTRIES

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1976-03-26

Filing date

1976-10-12

Publication date

1980-04-08

1976-10-12 Application filed by EAGLE-PICHER INDUSTRIES filed Critical EAGLE-PICHER INDUSTRIES

1980-04-08 Application granted granted Critical

1980-04-08 Publication of CA1075270A publication Critical patent/CA1075270A/fr

Status Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
238000004534 enameling Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 3
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
239000000037 vitreous enamel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
238000004924 electrostatic deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
229960004643 cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
229910011255 B2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
-1 flint Substances 0.000 description 3
SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 2
BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
238000007590 electrostatic spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
241000027294 Fusi Species 0.000 description 1
102100026933 Myelin-associated neurite-outgrowth inhibitor Human genes 0.000 description 1
239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
240000008121 Tridax procumbens Species 0.000 description 1
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
235000015111 chews Nutrition 0.000 description 1
KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
XQSFXFQDJCDXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxysilicon Chemical compound [Si]O XQSFXFQDJCDXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] WTFXARWRTYJXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
229940098458 powder spray Drugs 0.000 description 1
238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D5/04—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by dry methods
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/06—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing halogen
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
- C03C8/08—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form containing phosphorus
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2207/00—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels
- C03C2207/02—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels containing ingredients for securing a good bond between the vitrified enamel and the metal

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Glass Compositions (AREA)

CA263,186A 1976-03-26 1976-10-12 Methode et composition de preparation d'une surface ferreuse pour l'emaillage Expired CA1075270A (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US67094576A	1976-03-26	1976-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
CA1075270A true CA1075270A (fr)	1980-04-08

Family

ID=24692527

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA263,186A Expired CA1075270A (fr)	1976-03-26	1976-10-12	Methode et composition de preparation d'une surface ferreuse pour l'emaillage

Country Status (7)

Country	Link
JP (1)	JPS52117310A (fr)
CA (1)	CA1075270A (fr)
DE (1)	DE2710263B2 (fr)
FR (1)	FR2345530A1 (fr)
GB (2)	GB1572264A (fr)
IT (1)	IT1113851B (fr)
MX (1)	MX144820A (fr)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4110487A (en) *	1976-10-28	1978-08-29	Ferro Corporation	Dual coat ceramic layer prepared by single firing
DE2741971A1 (de) *	1977-09-17	1979-03-29	Bayer Ag	Ein-brand-zwei-schicht-emaillierung mit elektrostatischem pulverauftrag
DE2746480A1 (de) *	1977-10-15	1979-04-19	Bayer Ag	Fluor- und aluminiumoxidfreie grundemails fuer die emaillierung von stahlblech
JPS53134010A (en) *	1977-10-28	1978-11-22	Ferro Corp	Method of adhering double coated ceramic layer and ceramic product adhered therewith
JPS589982A (ja) *	1981-07-07	1983-01-20	Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd	ホ−ロ−缶体
DE3324726A1 (de) *	1983-07-08	1985-01-17	Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 7000 Stuttgart	Verfahren zum herstellen eines mehrschichtigen ueberzuges auf einem durch pulverlackieren im elektrostatischen feld zu beschichtenden traeger
JPS61178442A (ja) *	1985-01-30	1986-08-11	Nippon Furitsuto Kk	パウダ−コ−テイング用フリツト及びパウダ−コ−テイング方法
JPS61178440A (ja) *	1985-01-30	1986-08-11	Nippon Furitsuto Kk	パウダ−コ−テイング用フリツト及びパウダ−コ−テイング方法
DE3729705A1 (de) *	1987-09-04	1989-03-23	Gema Ransburg Ag	Pulverbeschichtungsanlage, insbesondere fuer emailpulver
EP0305748A3 (fr) *	1987-09-04	1990-05-02	Ransburg-Gema AG	Installation de préparation de poudre de revêtement
FR2701963B1 (fr) *	1993-02-26	1995-04-21	Pont A Mousson	Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce métallique revêtue de matériaux minéraux, pièce obtenue et son utilisation.
WO2006083161A1 (fr) *	2004-11-23	2006-08-10	Ferro Techniek Holding B.V.	Composition d'email, ensemble et utilisation de celle-ci sur une surface de substrat
NL1027571C2 (nl) *	2004-11-23	2006-05-24	Ferro Techniek Holding Bv	Emailsamenstelling voor toepassing als dielektricum, en gebruik van een dergelijke emailsamenstelling.
CN113845304B (zh) *	2021-08-12	2023-06-09	广东宏宇新型材料有限公司	一种具有星空装饰效果的陶瓷砖及其制备方法
CN121159113B (zh) *	2025-11-21	2026-02-13	湖南信诺技术股份有限公司	不含氟化盐且不含硝酸盐的钢板搪瓷低温透明釉及其制备方法和应用

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
GB634478A (en) *	1941-06-19	1950-03-22	Poor & Co	Improvement in enamel coatings for ferrous metals
US2602758A (en) *	1950-03-22	1952-07-08	Armco Steel Corp	Single fire enameling process and article
JPS5250592B2 (fr) *	1973-05-14	1977-12-26
US3928668A (en) *	1974-05-06	1975-12-23	Ferro Corp	Electrostatic deposition of dry ceramic powders
JPS5425932A (en) *	1977-07-29	1979-02-27	Asahi Dow Ltd	Production of highhstrength set body of gypsum

1976
- 1976-10-12 CA CA263,186A patent/CA1075270A/fr not_active Expired
- 1976-11-16 MX MX16703476A patent/MX144820A/es unknown
1977
- 1977-03-01 GB GB3148077A patent/GB1572264A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-01 GB GB858677A patent/GB1572263A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-03-09 DE DE19772710263 patent/DE2710263B2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-03-25 IT IT2172877A patent/IT1113851B/it active
- 1977-03-25 JP JP3235177A patent/JPS52117310A/ja active Granted
- 1977-03-25 FR FR7709112A patent/FR2345530A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
MX144820A (es)	1981-11-24
JPS5639390B2 (fr)	1981-09-12
IT1113851B (it)	1986-01-27
FR2345530A1 (fr)	1977-10-21
DE2710263A1 (de)	1977-09-29
DE2710263B2 (de)	1979-05-10
JPS52117310A (en)	1977-10-01
GB1572264A (en)	1980-07-30
GB1572263A (en)	1980-07-30

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1997-04-08	MKEX	Expiry

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US4221824A (en)	1980-09-09	Method for enameling ferrous objects
CA1113804A (fr)	1981-12-08	Methode de preparation d'un revetement ceramique double par cuisson simple
GB1572263A (en)	1980-07-30	Application of porcelain enamel coatings to ferrous workpieces
EP1190994B1 (fr)	2007-03-07	Email blanc pour acier aluminé ou galvanisé
US4196004A (en)	1980-04-01	Corrosion resistant glasses that contain chemical additives for application over metal substrates
US6429161B1 (en)	2002-08-06	Catalytic porcelain enamel coating composition
EP1047554A1 (fr)	2000-11-02	Composition d'email vitrifie pour applications electroniques
EP0950644B1 (fr)	2002-07-03	Emaux-porcelaine pour acier aluminés
US2842458A (en)	1958-07-08	Low temperature vitreous coatings for steel
US2294760A (en)	1942-09-01	Process for coating metal surfaces
US2753271A (en)	1956-07-03	Vitreous enamels and enameling processes
US4265929A (en)	1981-05-05	Single-bake two-layer enamelling with electrostatic powder coating
US2786782A (en)	1957-03-26	Enameling ground-coat composition and process of application thereof
US3383225A (en)	1968-05-14	Acid-resistant enamels
US5145804A (en)	1992-09-08	Enamel powder for electrostatic application
US3906124A (en)	1975-09-16	Method of applying vitreous enamel ground coat
US2706692A (en)	1955-04-19	Method of bonding vitreous enamels and articles produced thereby
US4883565A (en)	1989-11-28	Process for electrophoretic white and colored enamelling
US5891524A (en)	1999-04-06	Overspray recycling process
US1779273A (en)	1930-10-21	Art of making enamel ware
US2940865A (en)	1960-06-14	Method of applying a glass coating to steel by using an intermediate layer of nickelous oxide
DD251743A1 (de)	1987-11-25	Spezial-email, vorzugsweise fuer haushaltsgeschirre
GB824527A (en)	1959-12-02	Improvements in or relating to vitreous enamel frits
US2244360A (en)	1941-06-03	Ferrous metal enamel
EP1123904B1 (fr)	2003-09-24	Email pour l'utilisation sur la fonte de fer