CA1170011A - Filaments et fibres de polyacrylonitrile a module de valeur elatee, et methode d'obtention - Google Patents

Filaments et fibres de polyacrylonitrile a module de valeur elatee, et methode d'obtention

Info

Publication number: CA1170011A
Authority: CA; Canada
Prior art keywords: filaments; stretching; filament; tex; acrylonitrile
Prior art date: 1980-07-23
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired

Application number

CA000382253A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Bernd Huber

Walter Fester

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Hoechst AG

Original Assignee

Hoechst AG

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1980-07-23

Filing date

1981-07-22

Publication date

1984-07-03

Family has litigation

First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6107884&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CA1170011(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

1981-07-22 Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG

1984-07-03 Application granted granted Critical

1984-07-03 Publication of CA1170011A publication Critical patent/CA1170011A/fr

Status Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 title claims description 7
238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
238000000578 dry spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 4
JCAWJXHKUQJXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound OC(=C)C#N JCAWJXHKUQJXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims 1
229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 abstract 1
ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 32
208000012886 Vertigo Diseases 0.000 description 18
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
238000010010 raising Methods 0.000 description 12
230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
239000002421 finishing Substances 0.000 description 5
238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
108700040458 Drosophila Strn-Mlck Proteins 0.000 description 2
BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
LQVXSNNAFNGRAH-QHCPKHFHSA-N BMS-754807 Chemical compound C([C@@]1(C)C(=O)NC=2C=NC(F)=CC=2)CCN1C(=NN1C=CC=C11)N=C1NC(=NN1)C=C1C1CC1 LQVXSNNAFNGRAH-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
241000861718 Chloris <Aves> Species 0.000 description 1
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleimide Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C=C1 PEEHTFAAVSWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
241001274660 Modulus Species 0.000 description 1
241001237728 Precis Species 0.000 description 1
101150107341 RERE gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
206010038776 Retching Diseases 0.000 description 1
XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylaldehyde Natural products C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoethene Chemical compound BrC=C INLLPKCGLOXCIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
229940000425 combination drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroisocyanuric acid Chemical compound ClN1C(=O)NC(=O)N(Cl)C1=O CEJLBZWIKQJOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
ZBCLTORTGNOIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2,2-dichloroacetate Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)OC=C ZBCLTORTGNOIGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000007863 gel particle Substances 0.000 description 1
229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
SZHIIIPPJJXYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=C)CS([O-])(=O)=O SZHIIIPPJJXYRY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 1
229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/18—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
- D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins

Landscapes

Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Textile Engineering (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Toxicology (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Prostheses (AREA)
Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

CA000382253A 1980-07-23 1981-07-22 Filaments et fibres de polyacrylonitrile a module de valeur elatee, et methode d'obtention Expired CA1170011A (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DEP3027844.5		1980-07-23
DE19803027844 DE3027844A1 (de)	1980-07-23	1980-07-23	Hochmodul-polyacrylnitrilfaeden und -fasern sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
CA1170011A true CA1170011A (fr)	1984-07-03

Family

ID=6107884

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CA000382253A Expired CA1170011A (fr)	1980-07-23	1981-07-22	Filaments et fibres de polyacrylonitrile a module de valeur elatee, et methode d'obtention

Country Status (11)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP0044534B1 (fr)
JP (1)	JPS5751810A (fr)
AT (1)	ATE7236T1 (fr)
BR (1)	BR8104734A (fr)
CA (1)	CA1170011A (fr)
DD (1)	DD201702A5 (fr)
DE (2)	DE3027844A1 (fr)
DK (1)	DK326281A (fr)
IL (1)	IL63377A (fr)
NO (1)	NO152946C (fr)
ZA (1)	ZA815005B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4719150A (en) *	1984-02-25	1988-01-12	Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft	Monofils and bristles of homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile, and a process for their manufacture
US4952453A (en) *	1985-08-05	1990-08-28	Japan Exlan Company Limited	Acrylic fibers with high physical properties

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CH647271A5 (de) *	1981-03-20	1985-01-15	Hoechst Ag	Fixierte faeden und fasern aus acrylnitrilhomo- oder -copolymeren sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung.
FR2568273B1 (fr) *	1983-04-20	1986-12-19	Japan Exlan Co Ltd	Fibre de polyacrylonitrile de resistance mecanique elevee et son procede de fabrication
JPH0711086B2 (ja) *	1983-07-15	1995-02-08	東レ株式会社	高強度、高弾性率アクリル系繊維の製造法
GB2149754A (en) *	1983-11-14	1985-06-19	Umberto Monacelli	Magazine for fasteners in coiled form
DE3474573D1 (en) *	1983-12-05	1988-11-17	Allied Signal Inc	High tenacity and modulus polyacrylonitrile fiber and method
NL8304263A (nl) *	1983-12-10	1985-07-01	Stamicarbon	Werkwijze voor het bereiden van polyacrylonitrilfilamenten met hoge treksterkte en modulus.
JPS60194110A (ja) *	1984-03-12	1985-10-02	Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd	耐熱性アクリル系繊維及びその製造法
US4585154A (en) *	1984-03-26	1986-04-29	Bostitch Division Of Textron Inc.	Fastener driving tool with adjustable three-part magazine canister assembly
JPS616160A (ja) *	1984-06-19	1986-01-11	東レ株式会社	繊維補強水硬性物質
JPS6197415A (ja) *	1984-10-12	1986-05-15	Japan Exlan Co Ltd	高強度高弾性率ポリアクリロニトリル系繊維
JPS6197422A (ja) *	1984-10-16	1986-05-15	Nikkiso Co Ltd	高強度炭素繊維及びその製造方法
DE3567886D1 (en)	1984-11-06	1989-03-02	Mitsubishi Rayon Co	Process for producing acrylonitrile polymer
JPS61152811A (ja) *	1984-12-26	1986-07-11	Toray Ind Inc	高強度アクリル系繊維糸条およびその製造法
JPS61167013A (ja) *	1985-01-10	1986-07-28	Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd	アクリロニトリル系繊維
JPS6233817A (ja) *	1985-08-05	1987-02-13	Japan Exlan Co Ltd	高強度高弾性率アクリル系繊維の製造法
JPS62149908A (ja) *	1985-12-19	1987-07-03	Toray Ind Inc	高性能アクリル系フイブリル化繊維
IT1227677B (it) *	1988-12-02	1991-04-23	Enichem Fibre S P A P	Precursore acrilico per fibre di carbonio e procedimento per ottenerlo
EP0554775A2 (fr) *	1992-02-01	1993-08-11	Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft	Fils, fils retardus ou tissus post-étirés à base de fibres discontinues, procédé pour leur fabrication et matériaux composites fabriqués à partir de ceux-ci
EP0645479A1 (fr) *	1993-09-24	1995-03-29	Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft	Fibres de polyacrylonitrile ayant une haute tenacité et un haut module, procédé de leur préparation et leur utilisation
DE19651440A1 (de)	1996-12-11	1998-06-18	Hoechst Ag	Hochfeste Polyacrylnitrilfasern hohen Moduls, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung
CN116024679B (zh) *	2021-10-26	2024-11-29	中国石油化工股份有限公司	一种高强高模高韧聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝及其制备方法和应用
CN117125939B (zh) *	2023-08-24	2025-10-31	哈尔滨国统管道有限公司	一种用于严寒地区风电塔筒的混凝土及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US3846833A (en) *	1970-04-14	1974-11-05	Celanese Corp	Acrylic filaments which are particularly suited for thermal conversion to carbon filaments
CA980078A (en) *	1970-11-16	1975-12-23	E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company	Acrylic tow
JPS4842444B1 (fr) *	1970-12-26	1973-12-12
JPS5119815A (ja) *	1974-08-08	1976-02-17	Asahi Chemical Ind	Akurironitorirukeigoseisenino seizoho
JPS5248204A (en) *	1975-10-14	1977-04-16	Yoshirou Shigemori	Method of constructing wall body
GB2018188A (en) *	1978-04-06	1979-10-17	American Cyanamid Co	Wet spinning process for acrylonitrile polymer fiber
DD135509A1 (de) *	1978-04-21	1979-05-09	Volker Groebe	Verfahren zur herstellung hochfester endlosfaeden aus acrylnitrilpolymerisaten

1980
- 1980-07-23 DE DE19803027844 patent/DE3027844A1/de not_active Ceased
1981
- 1981-07-16 AT AT81105600T patent/ATE7236T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-07-16 EP EP81105600A patent/EP0044534B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-07-16 DE DE8181105600T patent/DE3163294D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-07-21 DD DD81231964A patent/DD201702A5/de unknown
- 1981-07-21 IL IL63377A patent/IL63377A/xx unknown
- 1981-07-22 NO NO812514A patent/NO152946C/no unknown
- 1981-07-22 ZA ZA815005A patent/ZA815005B/xx unknown
- 1981-07-22 JP JP56113779A patent/JPS5751810A/ja active Pending
- 1981-07-22 BR BR8104734A patent/BR8104734A/pt unknown
- 1981-07-22 DK DK326281A patent/DK326281A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-07-22 CA CA000382253A patent/CA1170011A/fr not_active Expired

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4719150A (en) *	1984-02-25	1988-01-12	Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft	Monofils and bristles of homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile, and a process for their manufacture
US4952453A (en) *	1985-08-05	1990-08-28	Japan Exlan Company Limited	Acrylic fibers with high physical properties

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
IL63377A (en)	1984-06-29
BR8104734A (pt)	1982-04-13
DD201702A5 (de)	1983-08-03
EP0044534B1 (fr)	1984-04-25
DE3027844A1 (de)	1982-02-18
IL63377A0 (en)	1981-10-30
EP0044534A3 (en)	1982-02-03
EP0044534A2 (fr)	1982-01-27
JPS5751810A (en)	1982-03-26
DK326281A (da)	1982-01-24
NO152946C (no)	1985-12-18
ZA815005B (en)	1982-08-25
ATE7236T1 (de)	1984-05-15
NO812514L (no)	1982-01-25
DE3163294D1 (en)	1984-05-30
NO152946B (no)	1985-09-09

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
2001-07-03	MKEX	Expiry

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US2210774A (en)	1940-08-06	Fibers from ethylene polymers
US5096459A (en)	1992-03-17	Method of dyeing aromatic polyamide fibers with water-soluble dyes
US4536363A (en)	1985-08-20	Process for production of set polyacrylonitrile filaments and fibers
GB2044668A (en)	1980-10-22	Poly - p - phenylene - terephthalamide fibres excellent in fatigue resistance
US4016236A (en)	1977-04-05	Process for manufacturing aromatic polymer fibers
CA1097867A (fr)	1981-03-24	Filaments de polyacrylonitrile
US4454091A (en)	1984-06-12	Solutions, which can be shaped, from mixtures of cellulose and polyvinyl chloride, and shaped articles resulting therefrom and the process for their manufacture
US3372219A (en)	1968-03-05	Synthetic fibres based upon polyvinyl chloride
US2692875A (en)	1954-10-26	Methacrylonitrile-acrylonitrile copolymers and fibers thereof
IE44622B1 (en)	1982-01-27	Hydrophilic fibres and filaments of synthetic acrylonitrile polymers
US4400339A (en)	1983-08-23	Process for producing very fine denier synthetic fibers
US2907096A (en)	1959-10-06	Shaped polyacrylonitrile structures
US2530962A (en)	1950-11-21	Formation of shaped articles from acrylonitrile polymers
US3932577A (en)	1976-01-13	Method for making void-free acrylic fibers
US5109092A (en)	1992-04-28	Filaments and fibers of acryling polymers which contain carboxyl groups and process for their production
US4237108A (en)	1980-12-02	Process for producing carbon fabric
CA1282213C (fr)	1991-04-02	Fibres de polyamide aromatique et procedes pour leur fabrication
CA1199763A (fr)	1986-01-28	Methode de production de filaments extra-solides a partir de polyacrylonitrile file a sec
US4100143A (en)	1978-07-11	Filaments which may be cross-linked comprising at least 65% acrylonitrile and 0.5-10% N-methylol derivative of a urethane
US2743994A (en)	1956-05-01	Method of producing shaped articles from polymeric materials
JPS6021905A (ja)	1985-02-04	高強度，高弾性率アクリル系繊維およびその製造法
US4447384A (en)	1984-05-08	Process for producing antipilling acrylic synthetic fiber
US4719150A (en)	1988-01-12	Monofils and bristles of homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile, and a process for their manufacture
US5496510A (en)	1996-03-05	Acrylonitrile filament process
US3388201A (en)	1968-06-11	Polyvinyl chloride textile fibres and method of manufacturing

CA1170011A - Filaments et fibres de polyacrylonitrile a module de valeur elatee, et methode d'obtention - Google Patents

Info

Links

Classifications

Landscapes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6107884

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (22)

Family Cites Families (7)

Cited By (2)

Also Published As

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Legal Events