CA2015489A1 - Procede de production et d'utilisation d'un sel de (co)polymere de l'acide maleique a biodegradabilite amelioree - Google Patents
Procede de production et d'utilisation d'un sel de (co)polymere de l'acide maleique a biodegradabilite amelioreeInfo
- Publication number
- CA2015489A1 CA2015489A1 CA2015489A CA2015489A CA2015489A1 CA 2015489 A1 CA2015489 A1 CA 2015489A1 CA 2015489 A CA2015489 A CA 2015489A CA 2015489 A CA2015489 A CA 2015489A CA 2015489 A1 CA2015489 A1 CA 2015489A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- maleic acid
- biodegradability
- specially defined
- polymer salt
- producing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/14—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F22/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
- C08F22/02—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof, e.g. maleic acid or itaconic acid
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1-107200 | 1989-04-28 | ||
| JP10720089 | 1989-04-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2015489A1 true CA2015489A1 (fr) | 1990-10-28 |
| CA2015489C CA2015489C (fr) | 1996-11-19 |
Family
ID=14453022
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002015489A Expired - Fee Related CA2015489C (fr) | 1989-04-28 | 1990-04-26 | Procede de production et d'utilisation d'un sel de (co)polymere de l'acide maleique a biodegradabilite amelioree |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5064563A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0396303B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH0627136B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2015489C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69015424T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2069004T3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (70)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5476885A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1995-12-19 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Cement additive, method for producing the same, and cement composition |
| EP0529910B1 (fr) * | 1991-08-23 | 1996-03-13 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Polymère réticulé hydrophile biodégradable, procédé pour sa préparation et son utilisation |
| DE4239076A1 (de) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-05-26 | Basf Ag | Mischungen aus Polymerisaten von monoethylenisch ungesättigten Dicarbonsäuren und Polymerisaten ethylenisch ungesättigter Monocarbonsäuren und/oder Polyaminocarbonsäuren und ihre Verwendung |
| DE69434056T2 (de) * | 1993-01-26 | 2006-02-23 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corp., Wilmington | Waschmittelzusammensetzung |
| US5866012A (en) * | 1993-01-26 | 1999-02-02 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Multifunctional maleate polymers |
| DE69428927T2 (de) * | 1993-07-20 | 2002-07-04 | Nippon Shokubai Co. Ltd., Osaka | Maleinsäurecopolymer und dessen Anwendung |
| US5408029A (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-18 | Srchem, Inc. | Amino acid copolymers of maleic acid |
| US5442038A (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-08-15 | Srchem, Inc. | Polymers of maleic acid with amines |
| US5451644A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-09-19 | Rohm And Haas Company | Aqueous process for preparing water soluble polymers of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids |
| US6335404B1 (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 2002-01-01 | Rohm And Haas Company | Aqueous process for preparing aqueous weight carboxyl containing polymers |
| EP1445304A1 (fr) * | 1994-12-15 | 2004-08-11 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Adjuvant pour détergent, son procédé de fabrication et composition détergente le contenant |
| DE19503546A1 (de) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-08 | Basf Ag | Wasserlösliche oder wasserdispergierbare Pfropfpolymerisate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| DE19516957C2 (de) | 1995-05-12 | 2000-07-13 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Wasserlösliche Copolymere und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| DE69602305T2 (de) * | 1995-06-09 | 1999-11-04 | Nippon Shokubai Co. Ltd., Osaka | Polycarboxylmonomer, Polymer daraus, und dieses Polymer enthaltende reinigende Zusammensetzung |
| TW420653B (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 2001-02-01 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | An agent for water treatment |
| JPH09324018A (ja) * | 1996-04-04 | 1997-12-16 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | アクリル系重合体、その製造方法、生分解性ビルダー、洗剤組成物及び分散剤 |
| JPH1121586A (ja) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-01-26 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | 洗浄剤組成物 |
| JPH11124413A (ja) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-05-11 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | アクリル酸系重合体、その製造方法及び生分解性ビルダー |
| US6180589B1 (en) * | 1999-01-05 | 2001-01-30 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Polyether hydroxycarboxylate copolymers |
| US6020297A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-02-01 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Colorless polymaleates and uses thereof in cleaning compositions |
| BR0111704A (pt) | 2000-06-16 | 2003-07-08 | Basf Ag | Detergentes e agentes de limpeza, processo para a preparação dos mesmos, e, usos e detergentes e de agentes de limpeza |
| US6384166B1 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-07 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Colorless polymaleates and uses thereof |
| US9080136B2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2015-07-14 | Kemira Oyj | Biodegradability of antiscalant formulations |
| US8002119B2 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2011-08-23 | Basf Se | Control of the thickening of silicate-containing aqueous systems |
| CN101045792B (zh) | 2006-03-27 | 2012-10-10 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 吸水性树脂组合物 |
| PL2178933T3 (pl) | 2007-08-03 | 2014-06-30 | Basf Se | Dyspersja zagęszczacza asocjacyjnego |
| WO2009060966A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Compositions de nettoyage contenant des monomères acides monocarboxyliques, monomères dicarboxyliques et monomères comprenant des groupes acides sulfoniques |
| AU2008322980A1 (en) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-05-22 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Methods of minimizing sulfate scale in oil field |
| PL2209823T3 (pl) | 2007-11-14 | 2011-12-30 | Basf Se | Sposób wytwarzania dyspersji środka zagęszczającego |
| EP2083067A1 (fr) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Utilisation de complexants organiques et/ou de liaisons contenant des groupes d'acides de carbone polymères dans une composition de produit de lavage ou de nettoyage |
| EP2090599A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-08-19 | Construction Research and Technology GmbH | Copolymère doté de chaînes latérales de polyéther et de composants dérivés d'acide de dicarbone |
| ES2532289T3 (es) * | 2008-03-31 | 2015-03-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Composición para lavavajillas que contiene un copolímero sulfonado |
| TW201031743A (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2010-09-01 | Basf Se | Surfactant mixture comprising branched short-chain and branched long-chain components |
| WO2011003904A1 (fr) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Basf Se | Mélange de tensioactifs contenant des constituants à chaîne courte et à chaîne longue |
| JP5788414B2 (ja) | 2010-02-12 | 2015-09-30 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 灰色化傾向の低い液体洗剤における増粘剤としてのコポリマーの使用 |
| JP2013524868A (ja) | 2010-03-25 | 2013-06-20 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 電気化学的織物洗濯方法 |
| US20110237484A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Basf Se | Electrochemical textile-washing process |
| KR101477935B1 (ko) | 2010-06-17 | 2014-12-30 | 바스프 에스이 | 사카라이드 측기를 포함하는 중합체 및 그의 용도 |
| AU2011287623B9 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2014-11-06 | Basf Se | Carrier fluids for abrasives |
| EP2663626B1 (fr) | 2011-01-13 | 2019-05-08 | Basf Se | Utilisation de thioéthers éventuellement oxydés de poly(oxydes d'alkylène) dans des agents de lavage et de nettoyage |
| US8987183B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2015-03-24 | Basf Se | Use of optionally oxidized thioethers of polyalkylene oxides in washing and cleaning compositions |
| US8951955B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2015-02-10 | Basf Se | Use of optionally oxidized thioethers of alcohol alkoxylates in washing and cleaning compositions |
| RU2597014C2 (ru) | 2011-01-13 | 2016-09-10 | Басф Се | Применение, при необходимости, окисленных простых тиоэфиров алкоксилатов спирта в моющих и чистящих средствах |
| PL2721089T3 (pl) | 2011-06-15 | 2016-01-29 | Basf Se | Rozgałęzione poliestry z grupami sulfonianowymi |
| US8846599B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2014-09-30 | Basf Se | Branched polyesters with sulfonate groups |
| WO2013013971A1 (fr) * | 2011-07-22 | 2013-01-31 | Basf Se | Procédé de production de copolymères acide maléique-isoprénol |
| RU2632991C2 (ru) * | 2011-08-10 | 2017-10-12 | Басф Се | Сополимеры на основе изопренола, моноэтиленненасыщенных монокарбоновых кислот и сульфокислот, способ их получения и их применение в качестве ингибиторов образования отложений в водопроводящих системах |
| US8993701B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-03-31 | Basf Se | Copolymers of isoprenol, monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and sulfonic acids, methods for production thereof and use thereof as deposit inhibitors in water-bearing systems |
| EP2809754A1 (fr) | 2012-02-01 | 2014-12-10 | Basf Se | Liquides réfrigérants et/ou lubrifiants pour la production de tranches de semi-conducteurs |
| US9145340B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2015-09-29 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Method of reducing atmospheric ammonia in livestock and poultry containment facilities |
| US9961922B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2018-05-08 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Animal feed and/or water amendments for lowering ammonia concentrations in animal excrement |
| DE102013207778A1 (de) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-10-30 | Cht R. Beitlich Gmbh | Kammpolymere als Waschkraftverstärker für Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
| CN105555817B (zh) | 2013-07-03 | 2019-09-03 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 可通过在聚醚化合物的存在下聚合含有酸基团的单体而得到的凝胶状聚合物组合物在机洗餐具用配制剂中的用途 |
| US11254620B2 (en) | 2013-08-05 | 2022-02-22 | Verdesian Life Sciences U.S., Llc | Micronutrient-enhanced polymeric seed coatings |
| TW201522390A (zh) | 2013-08-27 | 2015-06-16 | 特級肥料產品公司 | 聚陰離子聚合物 |
| WO2015035031A1 (fr) | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-12 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Compositions d'acide borique |
| CA2945823C (fr) | 2014-05-21 | 2022-04-26 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Compositions de traitement de sol polymeres comprenant des acides humiques |
| WO2015179552A1 (fr) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-11-26 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Compositions polymères |
| JP6433837B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-25 | 2018-12-05 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 消臭繊維 |
| JPWO2016152450A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-25 | 2017-04-27 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 共重合体 |
| EP3430064B1 (fr) | 2016-03-16 | 2020-05-06 | Basf Se | Films polymeres a action lavante et detergente, leur procede de fabrication et d'utilisation |
| US20200086616A1 (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2020-03-19 | Basf Se | Multi-layered film , method for the production and use thereof |
| WO2018109201A1 (fr) | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-21 | Basf Se | Films multicouche à action détergente et nettoyante, procédé de production desdits films et utilisation correspondante |
| MX2020002635A (es) | 2017-09-06 | 2020-07-13 | Basf Se | Peliculas de polimeros activos para lavado y limpieza, proceso para su produccion y uso. |
| CN108559023B (zh) * | 2018-05-19 | 2020-10-16 | 兰州交通大学 | 一种新型环保高效型水质稳定剂rg-9的制备 |
| EP3820981A1 (fr) | 2018-07-11 | 2021-05-19 | Basf Se | Procédé de production de polymères stables contenant du vinylimidazole |
| EP3837340A1 (fr) | 2018-08-16 | 2021-06-23 | Basf Se | Films polymères hydrosolubles d'homopolymères ou de copolymères d'oxyde d'éthylène, procédé de calandrage pour leur production et leur utilisation |
| US20220306791A1 (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2022-09-29 | Basf Se | Aqueous polymer dispersions suitable as opacifiers in liquid formulations |
| WO2021191175A1 (fr) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | Basf Se | Formulation d'un détergent sous la forme d'un corps tridimensionnel |
| CN112759113A (zh) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-05-07 | 广西大学 | 一种磷酸铁生产废水的零排放和磷酸根及硫酸根回收方法 |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3635915A (en) * | 1969-11-28 | 1972-01-18 | Deering Milliken Res Corp | Copolymers of maleic acid and acrylic acid |
| US4314044A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1982-02-02 | Rohm And Haas Company | Process for preparing low molecular weight water-soluble polymers |
| JPS57168906A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-10-18 | Kao Corp | Maleic acid/(meth)acrylic acid copolymer |
| JPS5964615A (ja) * | 1982-10-06 | 1984-04-12 | Kao Corp | ポリマレイン酸塩の製造法 |
| JPH0643469B2 (ja) * | 1983-03-25 | 1994-06-08 | 花王株式会社 | マレイン酸共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS59213714A (ja) * | 1983-05-18 | 1984-12-03 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS60212411A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-24 | Kao Corp | ポリマレイン酸及びその共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS59210913A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1984-11-29 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸塩共重合体の製造法 |
| JPS60212410A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-24 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸塩共重合体の製造法 |
| JPS60212412A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-24 | Kao Corp | 共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS61178097A (ja) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-09 | Kao Corp | スケ−ル抑制剤 |
| GB2181735A (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1987-04-29 | Kao Corp | Maleic acid polymer for use as scale inhibitor |
| JP2714376B2 (ja) * | 1985-10-16 | 1998-02-16 | 花王株式会社 | スケール抑制剤 |
| JPS6291295A (ja) * | 1985-10-16 | 1987-04-25 | Kao Corp | スケ−ル抑制剤 |
| US4659793A (en) * | 1986-03-03 | 1987-04-21 | Alco Chemical Corporation | Preparation of aqueous solutions of copolymers of dicarboxylic acids having a low dicarboxylic acid monomer content |
| JPS63114986A (ja) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-19 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸系重合物を含有するアニオン界面活性剤 |
| US4739008A (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1988-04-19 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Bi-phase initiator system for water-in-oil emulsion polymers |
| JPS63235313A (ja) * | 1987-03-25 | 1988-09-30 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS63236600A (ja) * | 1987-03-25 | 1988-10-03 | Kao Corp | スケ−ル抑制剤 |
| EP0337694B1 (fr) * | 1988-04-11 | 1993-12-29 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Procédé de préparation d'un polymère d'acide maléique et agent de traitement d'eau et additif pour détergent contenant ce polymère |
| ES2009284A6 (es) * | 1988-06-15 | 1989-09-16 | Miret Lab | Un procedimiento de obtencion de copolimeros con propiedades secuestrantes y dispersantes. |
-
1990
- 1990-04-24 ES ES90304378T patent/ES2069004T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-24 DE DE69015424T patent/DE69015424T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-24 EP EP90304378A patent/EP0396303B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-25 JP JP2109373A patent/JPH0627136B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-26 CA CA002015489A patent/CA2015489C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-27 US US07/515,997 patent/US5064563A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0396303B1 (fr) | 1994-12-28 |
| EP0396303A3 (fr) | 1991-04-24 |
| EP0396303A2 (fr) | 1990-11-07 |
| JPH0627136B2 (ja) | 1994-04-13 |
| CA2015489C (fr) | 1996-11-19 |
| ES2069004T3 (es) | 1995-05-01 |
| JPH0372502A (ja) | 1991-03-27 |
| US5064563A (en) | 1991-11-12 |
| DE69015424D1 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
| DE69015424T2 (de) | 1995-08-17 |
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