CA2015489A1 - Procede de production et d'utilisation d'un sel de (co)polymere de l'acide maleique a biodegradabilite amelioree - Google Patents
Procede de production et d'utilisation d'un sel de (co)polymere de l'acide maleique a biodegradabilite amelioreeInfo
- Publication number
- CA2015489A1 CA2015489A1 CA2015489A CA2015489A CA2015489A1 CA 2015489 A1 CA2015489 A1 CA 2015489A1 CA 2015489 A CA2015489 A CA 2015489A CA 2015489 A CA2015489 A CA 2015489A CA 2015489 A1 CA2015489 A1 CA 2015489A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- maleic acid
- biodegradability
- specially defined
- polymer salt
- producing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title abstract 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3757—(Co)polymerised carboxylic acids, -anhydrides, -esters in solid and liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/14—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F22/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
- C08F22/02—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof, e.g. maleic acid or itaconic acid
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1-107200 | 1989-04-28 | ||
| JP10720089 | 1989-04-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2015489A1 true CA2015489A1 (fr) | 1990-10-28 |
| CA2015489C CA2015489C (fr) | 1996-11-19 |
Family
ID=14453022
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002015489A Expired - Fee Related CA2015489C (fr) | 1989-04-28 | 1990-04-26 | Procede de production et d'utilisation d'un sel de (co)polymere de l'acide maleique a biodegradabilite amelioree |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5064563A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0396303B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH0627136B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2015489C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69015424T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2069004T3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (70)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991001282A1 (fr) * | 1989-07-25 | 1991-02-07 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Adjuvant de ciment, sa production, et composition de ciment |
| DE69208976T2 (de) * | 1991-08-23 | 1997-04-17 | Nippon Shokubai Co. Ltd., Osaka | Biologisch abbaubares, hydrophiles, vernetztes Polymer, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung |
| DE4239076A1 (de) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-05-26 | Basf Ag | Mischungen aus Polymerisaten von monoethylenisch ungesättigten Dicarbonsäuren und Polymerisaten ethylenisch ungesättigter Monocarbonsäuren und/oder Polyaminocarbonsäuren und ihre Verwendung |
| US5866012A (en) * | 1993-01-26 | 1999-02-02 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Multifunctional maleate polymers |
| EP0875553A1 (fr) * | 1993-01-26 | 1998-11-04 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Composition détergente |
| DE69417538T2 (de) * | 1993-07-20 | 2000-01-05 | Nippon Shokubai Co. Ltd., Osaka | Maleinsäurecopolymer, verfahren zur herstellung und dessen anwendung |
| US5442038A (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-08-15 | Srchem, Inc. | Polymers of maleic acid with amines |
| US5408029A (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-18 | Srchem, Inc. | Amino acid copolymers of maleic acid |
| US5451644A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-09-19 | Rohm And Haas Company | Aqueous process for preparing water soluble polymers of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids |
| US6335404B1 (en) | 1994-04-05 | 2002-01-01 | Rohm And Haas Company | Aqueous process for preparing aqueous weight carboxyl containing polymers |
| DE69533160T2 (de) * | 1994-12-15 | 2005-07-21 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Detergenzbildner, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und diesen enthaltende Detergenzzusammensetzung |
| DE19503546A1 (de) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-08 | Basf Ag | Wasserlösliche oder wasserdispergierbare Pfropfpolymerisate, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| DE19516957C2 (de) | 1995-05-12 | 2000-07-13 | Stockhausen Chem Fab Gmbh | Wasserlösliche Copolymere und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| EP0747343B1 (fr) * | 1995-06-09 | 1999-05-06 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Monomère polycarboxylique, polymère le contenant, et composition détergente contenant ce polymère |
| TW420653B (en) * | 1995-08-11 | 2001-02-01 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | An agent for water treatment |
| JPH09324018A (ja) * | 1996-04-04 | 1997-12-16 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | アクリル系重合体、その製造方法、生分解性ビルダー、洗剤組成物及び分散剤 |
| JPH1121586A (ja) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-01-26 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | 洗浄剤組成物 |
| JPH11124413A (ja) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-05-11 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | アクリル酸系重合体、その製造方法及び生分解性ビルダー |
| US6180589B1 (en) * | 1999-01-05 | 2001-01-30 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Polyether hydroxycarboxylate copolymers |
| US6020297A (en) * | 1999-04-06 | 2000-02-01 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Colorless polymaleates and uses thereof in cleaning compositions |
| MXPA02012194A (es) | 2000-06-16 | 2003-06-06 | Basf Ag | Detergente a base de un alcohol oxo. |
| US6384166B1 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2002-05-07 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Colorless polymaleates and uses thereof |
| PL1976805T3 (pl) * | 2005-12-22 | 2013-12-31 | Kemira Oyj | Zwiększona biodegradowalność formulacji antyskalantów |
| EP1986960A2 (fr) * | 2006-02-08 | 2008-11-05 | Basf Se | Contrôle de l'épaississement de systèmes aqueux contenant des silicates |
| CN101045792B (zh) | 2006-03-27 | 2012-10-10 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 吸水性树脂组合物 |
| ES2449747T3 (es) | 2007-08-03 | 2014-03-21 | Basf Se | Dispersión de espesante asociativo |
| EP2207822A4 (fr) * | 2007-11-09 | 2012-04-11 | Procter & Gamble | Compositions de nettoyage contenant des monomères acides monocarboxyliques, monomères dicarboxyliques et monomères comprenant des groupes acides sulfoniques |
| EA201070604A1 (ru) | 2007-11-13 | 2011-04-29 | Акцо Нобель Н.В. | Способы минимизации сульфатных отложений на нефтепромысле |
| AU2008322964A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 | 2009-05-22 | Basf Se | Method for producing a thickener dispersion |
| EP2083067A1 (fr) | 2008-01-25 | 2009-07-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Utilisation de complexants organiques et/ou de liaisons contenant des groupes d'acides de carbone polymères dans une composition de produit de lavage ou de nettoyage |
| EP2090599A1 (fr) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-08-19 | Construction Research and Technology GmbH | Copolymère doté de chaînes latérales de polyéther et de composants dérivés d'acide de dicarbone |
| EP2260070B1 (fr) * | 2008-03-31 | 2015-07-22 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Solution aqueuse de copolymère hydrosoluble à base d'acide maléique contenant un groupe sulfonique et poudre obtenue par séchage de cette solution aqueuse |
| TW201031743A (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2010-09-01 | Basf Se | Surfactant mixture comprising branched short-chain and branched long-chain components |
| WO2011003904A1 (fr) | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-13 | Basf Se | Mélange de tensioactifs contenant des constituants à chaîne courte et à chaîne longue |
| KR101794368B1 (ko) | 2010-02-12 | 2017-11-06 | 바스프 에스이 | 회색화 경향이 낮은 액체 세제에서의 증점제로서의 공중합체의 용도 |
| WO2011117350A1 (fr) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Basf Se | Procédé électrochimique de nettoyage de textiles |
| US20110237484A1 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | Basf Se | Electrochemical textile-washing process |
| BR112012032218A2 (pt) | 2010-06-17 | 2016-11-22 | Basf Se | "copolímero, uso de um copolímero, e, composição de detergente têxtil" |
| WO2012016976A1 (fr) | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-09 | Basf Se | Liquides supports pour abrasifs |
| US8987183B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2015-03-24 | Basf Se | Use of optionally oxidized thioethers of polyalkylene oxides in washing and cleaning compositions |
| US8951955B2 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2015-02-10 | Basf Se | Use of optionally oxidized thioethers of alcohol alkoxylates in washing and cleaning compositions |
| JP6038806B2 (ja) | 2011-01-13 | 2016-12-07 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 洗剤及び清浄剤における、ポリアルキレングリコールの場合によって酸化されたチオエーテルの使用 |
| BR112013017438A2 (pt) | 2011-01-13 | 2016-09-27 | Basf Se | uso de compostos, e, composição para limpeza ou lavagem |
| PL2721089T3 (pl) | 2011-06-15 | 2016-01-29 | Basf Se | Rozgałęzione poliestry z grupami sulfonianowymi |
| US8846599B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2014-09-30 | Basf Se | Branched polyesters with sulfonate groups |
| KR101904716B1 (ko) * | 2011-07-22 | 2018-11-28 | 바스프 에스이 | 말레산-이소프레놀 공중합체 제조 방법 |
| US8993701B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-03-31 | Basf Se | Copolymers of isoprenol, monoethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids and sulfonic acids, methods for production thereof and use thereof as deposit inhibitors in water-bearing systems |
| KR101879183B1 (ko) * | 2011-08-10 | 2018-08-17 | 바스프 에스이 | 이소프레놀, 모노에틸렌성 불포화 모노카르복실산 및 술폰산으로 만들어진 공중합체, 상기의 제조 방법 및 물-보유 시스템에서 침착물 저해제로서의 상기의 용도 |
| RU2014135277A (ru) | 2012-02-01 | 2016-03-20 | Басф Се | Охлаждающие и/или смазочные жидкости для изготовления полупроводниковых пластин |
| US9145340B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2015-09-29 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Method of reducing atmospheric ammonia in livestock and poultry containment facilities |
| US9961922B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2018-05-08 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Animal feed and/or water amendments for lowering ammonia concentrations in animal excrement |
| DE102013207778A1 (de) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-10-30 | Cht R. Beitlich Gmbh | Kammpolymere als Waschkraftverstärker für Wasch- und Reinigungsmittel |
| JP2016530351A (ja) | 2013-07-03 | 2016-09-29 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | ポリエーテル化合物の存在下で酸基を含有するモノマーを重合することによって得られるゲル様ポリマー組成物 |
| US11254620B2 (en) | 2013-08-05 | 2022-02-22 | Verdesian Life Sciences U.S., Llc | Micronutrient-enhanced polymeric seed coatings |
| TW201522390A (zh) | 2013-08-27 | 2015-06-16 | 特級肥料產品公司 | 聚陰離子聚合物 |
| WO2015035031A1 (fr) | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-12 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Compositions d'acide borique |
| US10519070B2 (en) | 2014-05-21 | 2019-12-31 | Verdesian Life Sciences U.S., Llc | Polymer soil treatment compositions including humic acids |
| WO2015179552A1 (fr) | 2014-05-22 | 2015-11-26 | Verdesian Life Sciences, Llc | Compositions polymères |
| US20180057626A1 (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2018-03-01 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Copolymer |
| JP6433837B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-25 | 2018-12-05 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 消臭繊維 |
| RU2018136215A (ru) | 2016-03-16 | 2020-04-16 | Басф Се | Активные для мытья и чистки полимерные пленки, способ их получения и их применение |
| EP3555155B1 (fr) | 2016-12-16 | 2020-10-28 | Basf Se | Feuilles multicouches à action lavante et détergente, leur procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation |
| CN110291120A (zh) | 2016-12-16 | 2019-09-27 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 多层膜、其生产方法和用途 |
| WO2019048474A1 (fr) | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-14 | Basf Se | Films polymères actifs de lavage et de nettoyage, leur procédé de production et leur utilisation |
| CN108559023B (zh) * | 2018-05-19 | 2020-10-16 | 兰州交通大学 | 一种新型环保高效型水质稳定剂rg-9的制备 |
| WO2020011627A1 (fr) | 2018-07-11 | 2020-01-16 | Basf Se | Procédé de production de polymères stables contenant du vinylimidazole |
| WO2020035567A1 (fr) | 2018-08-16 | 2020-02-20 | Basf Se | Films polymères hydrosolubles d'homopolymères ou de copolymères d'oxyde d'éthylène, procédé de calandrage pour leur production et leur utilisation |
| US20220306791A1 (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2022-09-29 | Basf Se | Aqueous polymer dispersions suitable as opacifiers in liquid formulations |
| WO2021191175A1 (fr) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-09-30 | Basf Se | Formulation d'un détergent sous la forme d'un corps tridimensionnel |
| CN112759113A (zh) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-05-07 | 广西大学 | 一种磷酸铁生产废水的零排放和磷酸根及硫酸根回收方法 |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3635915A (en) * | 1969-11-28 | 1972-01-18 | Deering Milliken Res Corp | Copolymers of maleic acid and acrylic acid |
| US4314044A (en) * | 1979-01-22 | 1982-02-02 | Rohm And Haas Company | Process for preparing low molecular weight water-soluble polymers |
| JPS57168906A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-10-18 | Kao Corp | Maleic acid/(meth)acrylic acid copolymer |
| JPS5964615A (ja) * | 1982-10-06 | 1984-04-12 | Kao Corp | ポリマレイン酸塩の製造法 |
| JPH0643469B2 (ja) * | 1983-03-25 | 1994-06-08 | 花王株式会社 | マレイン酸共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS59213714A (ja) * | 1983-05-18 | 1984-12-03 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS60212410A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-24 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸塩共重合体の製造法 |
| JPS59210913A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1984-11-29 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸塩共重合体の製造法 |
| JPS60212411A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-24 | Kao Corp | ポリマレイン酸及びその共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS60212412A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-24 | Kao Corp | 共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS61178097A (ja) * | 1985-02-01 | 1986-08-09 | Kao Corp | スケ−ル抑制剤 |
| GB2181735A (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1987-04-29 | Kao Corp | Maleic acid polymer for use as scale inhibitor |
| JPS6291295A (ja) * | 1985-10-16 | 1987-04-25 | Kao Corp | スケ−ル抑制剤 |
| JP2714376B2 (ja) * | 1985-10-16 | 1998-02-16 | 花王株式会社 | スケール抑制剤 |
| US4659793A (en) * | 1986-03-03 | 1987-04-21 | Alco Chemical Corporation | Preparation of aqueous solutions of copolymers of dicarboxylic acids having a low dicarboxylic acid monomer content |
| JPS63114986A (ja) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-19 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸系重合物を含有するアニオン界面活性剤 |
| US4739008A (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1988-04-19 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Bi-phase initiator system for water-in-oil emulsion polymers |
| JPS63235313A (ja) * | 1987-03-25 | 1988-09-30 | Kao Corp | マレイン酸共重合体の製造方法 |
| JPS63236600A (ja) * | 1987-03-25 | 1988-10-03 | Kao Corp | スケ−ル抑制剤 |
| DE68911729T2 (de) * | 1988-04-11 | 1994-07-21 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polymers von Maleinsäure und Wasserbehandlungsmittel und diese Polymere enthaltender Zusatz für Waschmittel. |
| ES2009284A6 (es) * | 1988-06-15 | 1989-09-16 | Miret Lab | Un procedimiento de obtencion de copolimeros con propiedades secuestrantes y dispersantes. |
-
1990
- 1990-04-24 ES ES90304378T patent/ES2069004T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-24 EP EP90304378A patent/EP0396303B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-24 DE DE69015424T patent/DE69015424T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-25 JP JP2109373A patent/JPH0627136B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-26 CA CA002015489A patent/CA2015489C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-27 US US07/515,997 patent/US5064563A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0396303A2 (fr) | 1990-11-07 |
| CA2015489C (fr) | 1996-11-19 |
| ES2069004T3 (es) | 1995-05-01 |
| JPH0372502A (ja) | 1991-03-27 |
| DE69015424T2 (de) | 1995-08-17 |
| US5064563A (en) | 1991-11-12 |
| EP0396303B1 (fr) | 1994-12-28 |
| EP0396303A3 (fr) | 1991-04-24 |
| JPH0627136B2 (ja) | 1994-04-13 |
| DE69015424D1 (de) | 1995-02-09 |
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