CA2095640C - Composition servant a eteindre un incendie et methode de production de cette composition - Google Patents
Composition servant a eteindre un incendie et methode de production de cette composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2095640C CA2095640C CA002095640A CA2095640A CA2095640C CA 2095640 C CA2095640 C CA 2095640C CA 002095640 A CA002095640 A CA 002095640A CA 2095640 A CA2095640 A CA 2095640A CA 2095640 C CA2095640 C CA 2095640C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chloro
- pentafluoropropane
- hexafluoropropane
- dichloro
- chf2
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)F BOUGCJDAQLKBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YMRMDGSNYHCUCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl YMRMDGSNYHCUCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XAHBEACGJQDUPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)C(F)(F)Cl XAHBEACGJQDUPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IDSKMUOSMAUASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)Cl IDSKMUOSMAUASS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UHMWWIKRVZTBBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl UHMWWIKRVZTBBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JQZFYIGAYWLRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)Cl JQZFYIGAYWLRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JODPGPKOJGDHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)Cl JODPGPKOJGDHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FXSNEEBOGAOVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)Cl FXSNEEBOGAOVIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JEWUXLHWYRSHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(F)F JEWUXLHWYRSHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SCDLWHGUKGDYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(Cl)C(F)(F)F SCDLWHGUKGDYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl COAUHYBSXMIJDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PUFSJRPTJJPPJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F PUFSJRPTJJPPJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SUAMPXQALWYDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F SUAMPXQALWYDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F FYIRUPZTYPILDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXVZGGVDYOBILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F ZXVZGGVDYOBILI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UJIGKESMIPTWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl UJIGKESMIPTWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LLJWABOOFANACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)Cl LLJWABOOFANACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BKWAVXQSZLEURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)C(F)(F)F BKWAVXQSZLEURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XTRPJEPJFXGYCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCl XTRPJEPJFXGYCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OIQOUHIUUREZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(Cl)Cl OIQOUHIUUREZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AYAIRPGAABBRLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl AYAIRPGAABBRLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- -1 fluoro-substituted ethane Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 23
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical class CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromochlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Br MEXUFEQDCXZEON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N (R)-adrenaline Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Br RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WMIYKQLTONQJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930182837 (R)-adrenaline Natural products 0.000 description 2
- RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004340 Chloropentafluoroethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N adrenaline Chemical compound CNCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019406 chloropentafluoroethane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 229960005139 epinephrine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005436 troposphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920004449 Halon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000017379 Undifferentiated connective tissue syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003072 epinephrine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N methamphetamine Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229960004065 perflutren Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0057—Polyhaloalkanes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1990/006692 WO1992008520A1 (fr) | 1990-11-15 | 1990-11-15 | Procede et composition pour l'extinction d'incendies |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2095640A1 CA2095640A1 (fr) | 1992-05-16 |
| CA2095640C true CA2095640C (fr) | 2004-10-19 |
Family
ID=32961126
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002095640A Expired - Lifetime CA2095640C (fr) | 1990-11-15 | 1990-11-15 | Composition servant a eteindre un incendie et methode de production de cette composition |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0557275B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP3558630B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2095640C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69028119T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2090301T3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1992008520A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5040609A (en) * | 1989-10-04 | 1991-08-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Fire extinguishing composition and process |
| AU2002951075A0 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2002-09-12 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Twin roll casting of magnesium and magnesium alloys |
| US8444873B2 (en) | 2009-06-12 | 2013-05-21 | Solvay Fluor Gmbh | Refrigerant composition |
| ES2685512T3 (es) | 2011-11-18 | 2018-10-09 | Minimax Gmbh & Co. Kg | Instalación para la extinción o inertización con un agente de extinción sintético líquido |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1926395A (en) * | 1930-07-31 | 1933-09-12 | Frigidaire Corp | Process of preventing fire by nontoxic substances |
| GB1132636A (en) * | 1965-09-22 | 1968-11-06 | Montedison Spa | Improvements in or relating to flame-extinguishing compositions |
| NL7006794A (fr) * | 1969-05-16 | 1970-11-18 | ||
| US3844354A (en) * | 1973-07-11 | 1974-10-29 | Dow Chemical Co | Halogenated fire extinguishing agent for total flooding system |
| US4459213A (en) * | 1982-12-30 | 1984-07-10 | Secom Co., Ltd. | Fire-extinguisher composition |
| US4954271A (en) * | 1988-10-06 | 1990-09-04 | Tag Investments, Inc. | Non-toxic fire extinguishant |
-
1990
- 1990-11-15 EP EP91901121A patent/EP0557275B1/fr not_active Revoked
- 1990-11-15 WO PCT/US1990/006692 patent/WO1992008520A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1990-11-15 ES ES91901121T patent/ES2090301T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-15 JP JP50148091A patent/JP3558630B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-15 CA CA002095640A patent/CA2095640C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-15 DE DE69028119T patent/DE69028119T2/de not_active Revoked
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06501628A (ja) | 1994-02-24 |
| DE69028119D1 (de) | 1996-09-19 |
| ES2090301T3 (es) | 1996-10-16 |
| EP0557275A1 (fr) | 1993-09-01 |
| DE69028119T2 (de) | 1997-02-20 |
| JP3558630B2 (ja) | 2004-08-25 |
| EP0557275A4 (en) | 1993-09-29 |
| CA2095640A1 (fr) | 1992-05-16 |
| EP0557275B1 (fr) | 1996-08-14 |
| WO1992008520A1 (fr) | 1992-05-29 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed | ||
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) |
Effective date: 20121202 |