CH154884A

CH154884A - Method and apparatus for pulverizing solid materials of medium hardness.

Info

Publication number: CH154884A
Authority: CH
Inventors: Madore Maurice
Original assignee: Madore Maurice
Priority date: 1930-02-14
Filing date: 1931-01-15
Publication date: 1932-05-31

Description

PrOCed.e et appareil de pulverisation de matieres solides de durete moyenne. L'invention a pour objet un procede de pulverisation de matieres solides de durete moyenne, de charbons notamment, et un ap- pareil permettant de realiser ce procede. PrOCed.e and apparatus for spraying solid matter of medium hardness. The subject of the invention is a process for pulverizing solid materials of medium hardness, in particular coals, and an apparatus enabling this process to be carried out.

0n connait dejä de nombreux procedes et appareils de pulverisahon bases sur 1'emploi, comme organes broyeurs, de boulets, galets, meules, marteaux, palettes, etc., agissant par ecrasement, par usure ou par choc. Mais, de maniere generale, ces appareils presentent 1'in- conv6nient d'etre sujets ä une usure rapide ou irreguliere et de dünner, par suite, des produits de finesse variable; de plus, ils ne conviennent qu'ä un debit determine, ils en- trainent une Brande depense de force motrice et necessitent souvent des separateurs dis- tinets pour les produits fins. Many pulverisahon processes and devices are already known based on the use, as grinding elements, of balls, pebbles, grinding wheels, hammers, pallets, etc., acting by crushing, by wear or by impact. But, in general, these devices have the disadvantage of being subject to rapid or irregular wear and of producing, as a result, products of variable fineness; moreover, they are suitable only for a given throughput, they entail a considerable expenditure of motive power and often require separate separators for the fine products.

Le procede qui fait 1'objet de cette inven- tion consiste ä pulveriser la mauere par des meules abrasives tournant Jans un tambour rotatif et ä faire arriver cette matiere Jans 1e tambour, sur 1a surface interieure duquel eile s'applique sous.l'action de la force centrifuge, de maniere que les meules et 1e tambour, ayant des axes paralleles, mais tournant en sens inverse, produisent la pulverisation de la matiere sous la pression des meines. The process which is the subject of this invention consists in pulverizing the material by abrasive wheels rotating in a rotating drum and in causing this material to arrive in the drum, on the inner surface of which it is applied under the action centrifugal force, so that the millstones and the drum, having parallel axes, but rotating in opposite directions, produce the pulverization of the material under the pressure of the mills.

Par 1e procede decrit, an assure la rApar- tition reguliere du charbon suivant une cou- che qui est appliquee sur la surface cylindri- que interieure du tambour et qui y forme matelas; cette surface du tambour reste tou- jours la meme, les meules etant les seuls or- ganes sujets ä 1'usure, laquelle est, -d'ailleurs, tres leaste. By the process described, an ensures the regular distribution of the coal according to a layer which is applied to the inner cylindrical surface of the drum and which forms a mattress there; this surface of the drum always remains the same, the grinding wheels being the only parts subject to wear, which is, moreover, very minimal.

Comme il a ete dit, 1'invention concerne, egalement, un appareil permettant de r6ali- ser 1e nouveau procede. As has been said, the invention also relates to an apparatus making it possible to carry out the new process.

Dans cet appareil, la separation de la ma- tiere, pulverisee ä la finesse voulue, est faite par courant d'air; 1e fin est evacue au fur et ä mesure de sa productiön. In this apparatus, the separation of the material, pulverized to the required fineness, is effected by a current of air; the end is evacuated as it is produced.

Le procede ainsi que 1'appareil, qui font 1'objet de 1'invention, sont decrits ei-apres, sous plusieurs formes particulieres d'ex6cu- tion, mais ce ä titre d'exemples seulement, en regard des dessins annexes Sur lesquels: La fig. 1 est une vue schematique de de- monstration du procede; La fig. 2 est une vue en coupe langitudi- nale, axiale, suivant 1e plan II-II de la fig. 3, et La fig. 3 represente une vue en plan, avec arrachement partiel, d'un appareil pul v6riseur etabli conformement ä Finvention; La fig. 4 est une vue en elevation de face, egalement avec arrachements partiels, de Fap- pareil de la fig. 2; La fig. 5 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne brisee V-V de la fig. 4 et La fig. 6 est une vue schematique dune Partie dune deuxieme forme d'execution de 1'appareil. The process as well as the apparatus, which are the subject of the invention, are described below, in several particular embodiments, but this by way of examples only, with reference to the appended drawings on which : Fig. 1 is a schematic demonstration view of the process; fig. 2 is a langitudinal, axial sectional view along the first plane II-II of FIG. 3, and fig. 3 shows a plan view, with partial cutaway, of a sprayer apparatus established in accordance with the invention; fig. 4 is a front elevational view, also partially broken away, of the apparatus of FIG. 2; fig. 5 is a sectional view along the broken line V-V of FIG. 4 and fig. 6 is a schematic view of a Part of a second embodiment of the device.

En se reportant aux figures, an voit que 1'appareil se compose d'un bäti 1 ,supportant un arbre 2 uruni, ä une de ses extremites, d'un ventilateur 3 et d'un tambour creux 4 qui sont cales Sur lui. A son autre extremite, 1'arbre 2 Porte un Plateau d'accouplement 5 par lequel an lui communique un mouvement de rotation dans 1e sens de la fleche f' (fig. 1 et 4). Referring to the figures, it can be seen that the apparatus consists of a frame 1 supporting a shaft 2 with, at one of its ends, a fan 3 and a hollow drum 4 which are wedged on it. At its other end, the shaft 2 carries a coupling plate 5 by which an imparts to it a rotational movement in the first direction of the arrow f' (fig. 1 and 4).

Le charbon ou autre matiere ä pulveriser, charge par la tremie 6 ,solidaire de la Porte 7 de 1'appareil, montee ä charnieres 27, tombe a 1'interieur du tambour rotatif 4 et la forte centrifuge 1'applique energiquement en C (fig. 1) contre la surface cylindrique inte- rieure de ce tambour 4 avec lequel il tourne dans 1e sens de la fleche f'. Il se trouve ainsi pulverise au contact des meules 8 qui tour- nent en sens inverse, suivant les fleches f2, et qui sont montees respectivement Sur les arbres 9 recevant leur mouvement de rotation de leurs pignons 10 par 1'intermediaire des pignons 11 cales Sur des arbres interm6diai- res 12. The coal or other material to be pulverized, loaded through the hopper 6, integral with the door 7 of the apparatus, mounted on hinges 27, falls inside the rotating drum 4 and the strong centrifugal forcefully applies it at C (fig. 1) against the inner cylindrical surface of this drum 4 with which it rotates in the direction of the arrow f'. It is thus pulverized in contact with the grinding wheels 8 which rotate in the opposite direction, following the arrows f2, and which are mounted respectively On the shafts 9 receiving their rotational movement from their pinions 10 through the intermediary of the pinions 11 wedged On the shafts intermediates 12.

Afin d'avoir un certain matelas de char- bon, an regle les meules comme il est dit ci- apres, de maniere ä prevoir et ä conserver une distance de quelques centimetres entre la sur- face cylindrique interieure du tambour 4 et les meules 8; ce matelas devient plus epais au fur et ä mesure que les meules s'usent, mais 1e reglage de ces dernieres, s'il n'est pas automatique, n'a pas besoin d'etre fait sou- vent. In order to have a certain carbon mattress, the grinding wheels are adjusted as described below, so as to provide and maintain a distance of a few centimeters between the internal cylindrical surface of the drum 4 and the grinding wheels 8. ; this mattress becomes thicker as the wheels wear, but the adjustment of the latter, if not automatic, does not need to be done often.

La poussiere de fin charbon produite par ]es meules est aspiree par 1e ventilateur 3 ä. travers 1'ouverture 18 (fig.- 5) qui lui est re- liee par les couloirs 19 et 20, de Sorte que cette poussiere de charbon sort finalement de 1'appareil par 1e refoulement 21 du ventila- teur. The fine coal dust produced by the millstones is sucked up by the fan 3 ä. through the opening 18 (fig.-5) which is connected to it by the passages 19 and 20, so that this coal dust finally leaves the apparatus through the discharge 21 of the fan.

Du fait que la forte centiifuge agit de fa#.on energique pour retenir dans laRTI ID="0002.0275" WI="11" HE="4" LX="1807" LY="725"> couche C (fig. 1) les particules de charbon les plus lourdes, la Separation des produits fins est particulierement efficace. Comme, d'autre pari, parmi les particules detachees par cha- que meule, les plus grosses suivent la direc- tion de la tangente ä la meule au point oü elles ont ete arraehees ä. la couche C, ces grosses particules rencontrent bientöt, de nou- veau, cette couche oü la forte centrifuge les retient, ce qui facilite encore la Separation des particules fines, lesquelles se trouvent, au contraire, mises naturellement, par les meu- les, en Suspension dans 1e courant d'air qui les entraine immediatement. Because the strong centrifuge acts vigorously to retain in the RTI ID="0002.0275" WI="11" HE="4" LX="1807" LY="725"> layer C (fig. 1) the heaviest coal particles, the separation of fine products is particularly effective. As, on the other hand, among the particles detached by each wheel, the largest follow the direction of the tangent to the wheel at the point where they were torn off. layer C, these large particles soon meet again this layer where the strong centrifugal force retains them, which further facilitates the separation of the fine particles, which are, on the contrary, put naturally, by the grinding wheels, Suspended in the air current which carries them immediately.

L'air, necessaire au transport du fin char- bon, penetre par 1e tuyau 22 (fig. 4) dont Fouverture est rendue reglable par 1e Papil lon 23. Cet air est d'abord reparti entre 1e tambour 4 et 1e bäti 1, puis il aspire par 19 1e charbon pulverise par les meules; en meme temps, il ramene constamment ä 1'interieur du tambour 4 les poussieres de charbon qui au- raient tendance ä s'echapper entre ce tam- bour et 1'enveloppe. The air, necessary for transporting the fine coal, enters through the pipe 22 (fig. 4), the opening of which is made adjustable by the butterfly valve 23. This air is first distributed between the drum 4 and the frame 1, then he sucks up the coal pulverized by the millstones through 19; at the same time, it constantly brings back to the interior of the drum 4 the coal dust which would tend to escape between this drum and the casing.

En vue du reglage de la Position des meules, Farbre 2 entraine, egalement, un ar- bre 15 au moyen d'un Plateau d'accouplement 24 uruni de goujons 25 qui s'engagent Jans 1e moyeu du tambour 4 lorsqu'on met en place la Porte 7 ; cet arbre 15 est tourillonne dans la Porte 7 (fig. 2) et les arbres inter- m6diaires 12 sont montes axialement Jans des blocs cylindriques 13 places dans des lo- gements correspondants de la Porte 7, en Sorte- que la distance des arbres 12 ä 1'arbre 15 est eonstante, meine lorsqu'on fait tour- ner les blo-cs 13 Sur eux-memes @dans leurs logements respectifs. Les arbres 12 regoivent leur mouvement de Farbre 15 au moyen des chaines 16 et des pignons 17, quelle que sofft la Position des douilles 13 dans leur logement. D'autre pari, les arbres 9 des meines 8 sont exeentre.s dans les blocs 13, de Sorte qu'en faisant tourner ces blocs Sur eux-memes, ä, partir de la Position des fig. 2 et 4, les meu- les 8 se rapprochent de la surface cylindri- que interieure du tambour 4, rapprochement qui permet, en, cas d'usure des meules 8, de rattraper cette usure par une rotation conve- nable des blocs 13. Ceux-ei sont maintenus en Position voulue par des leviers ä vis-poin- teau 14. With a view to adjusting the position of the grinding wheels, the shaft 2 also drives a shaft 15 by means of a coupling plate 24 fitted with studs 25 which engage in the hub of the drum 4 when place Gate 7; this shaft 15 is journalled in the door 7 (fig. 2) and the intermediate shafts 12 are mounted axially Jans cylindrical blocks 13 places in corresponding housings of the door 7, so that the distance of the shafts 12 to the shaft 15 is constant even when the blocks 13 are rotated on themselves in their respective housings. The shafts 12 receive their movement from the shaft 15 by means of the chains 16 and the sprockets 17, whatever the position of the bushes 13 in their housing. On the other hand, the shafts 9 of the mines 8 are exeentre.s in the blocks 13, so that by rotating these blocks on themselves, ä, from the position of fig. 2 and 4, the grinding wheels 8 approach the inner cylindrical surface of the drum 4, a rapprochement which allows, in the event of wear of the grinding wheels 8, to catch up with this wear by a suitable rotation of the blocks 13. These are held in the desired position by needle screw levers 14.

0n pourrait modifier 1e mode de trans- mission du mouvement aux meules, la dis- position du ventilateur et de ses conduits, 1e montage de la tremie d'alimentation, 1e me- canisme de reglage de la distance des meules ä la couche de charbon et ainsi de Suite. Il va egalement de soff que 1'on n'est pas Limite ä, 1'emploi de deux meules, dopt 1e nombre et les dimensions sont susceptibles de varier. One could modify the mode of transmission of the movement to the millstones, the arrangement of the fan and its ducts, the mounting of the feed hopper, the mechanism for adjusting the distance of the millstones from the coal bed And so on. It is also understood that there is no limit to the use of two grinding wheels, the number and the dimensions of which may vary.

D'autre pari, an peut aussi assurer auto- matiquement, et ä tout instant, la Position correcte des meules au moyen de quelque Or gane täteur approprie, mis en action par 1'epaisseur meine du matelas de charbon ap- plique Sur 1e tambour 4. On the other hand, an can also ensure automatically, and at all times, the correct position of the wheels by means of some appropriate feeler organ, activated by the thickness of the coal mattress applied to the drum. 4.

Enfin, comme il est montre Sur la fig. 6, an peut modifier la forme generale de Pap- pareil precedemment decrit, notamment en vue de reduire au minimum les risques d'ecla- tement des meules. Dans cette figure, 1e tambour 4a presente la forme dun bol anime d'un mouvement,de rotation que lui commu- nique Faxe 15 Sur lequel il est @cale. Le com- bustible penetre par la conduite 6a suivant les fleches et, des qu'il arrive dans 1e bol 4a, il est reparti par 1a fo.rce centrifuge Sur la surface interieure du tambour, puis il revient, lorsque la quantite est suffisante, au contact des meules 8 qui 1e pulverisent. 0n congoit que, gräce ä la forme de la surface (analo- gue ä un tore creux) oü s'amasse 1e combus- tible, il se produit un veritable classement des particules de charbon, les Parties les plus Lourdes restant au contact de la surface inte- rieure du tambour, de Sorte qu'en cas de pre- sence de pieces tres dures, de pieces metalli- ques par exemple melangees au combustible, ces pieces ne viennent pas au contact des meu- les, si ce n'est avec une Pression tres dimi- nu6e et, enRTI ID="0003.0275" WI="7" HE="4" LX="1200" LY="526"> tous cas, saus risques de coince- ment entre 1e tambour et les meules, ce qui e@@ite tout langer d'eclatement de ces der- nieres. Il est evident que cette forme d'exe- cution presente aussi un dispositif aspirateur des fines particules, entrainant celles-ei au fiar et ä mesure de leur formation. Finally, as shown in fig. 6, an can modify the general shape of the apparatus previously described, in particular with a view to reducing to a minimum the risk of bursting of the grinding wheels. In this figure, the first drum 4a has the shape of a bowl driven by a movement of rotation imparted to it by the fax 15 on which it is placed. The fuel enters through the pipe 6a following the arrows and, as soon as it arrives in the bowl 4a, it is distributed by the centrifugal force On the interior surface of the drum, then it returns, when the quantity is sufficient, in contact with the grinding wheels 8 which pulverize it. It is recognized that, thanks to the shape of the surface (similar to a hollow torus) where the fuel collects, there is a real classification of the particles of coal, the Heaviest Parts remaining in contact with the inner surface of the drum, so that in the event of the presence of very hard parts, metal parts for example mixed with fuel, these parts do not come into contact with the grinding wheels, except with very low pressure and, in RTI ID="0003.0275" WI="7" HE="4" LX="1200" LY="526"> in all cases, without risk of jamming between the drum and the grindstones, which avoids any bursting of the latter. It is obvious that this form of execution also has a device for sucking up fine particles, entraining them as and when they are formed.

Dans la Premiere forme d'execution de- arite, 1e tambour 4 presente du cöte de la Porte, comme il est montre Sur la fig. 2, un rebord circulaire 26, de fagon ä donner late- ralement un appui au matelas de charbon, en vue d'eviter, notamment au moment de la mise en marche, que des particules de char- bon s'echappent entre 1e tambour 4 et Fenve- loppe; cet appui donne au matelas de char- bon permet d'augmenter 1e rendement de 20 ä 30 %. In the first form of execution de- arite, the drum 4 presents the side of the door, as shown in fig. 2, a circular flange 26, so as to give a support laterally to the coal mattress, in order to avoid, in particular at the time of starting, that particles of coal escape between the first drum 4 and Fenvelope; this support gives to the carbon mattress makes it possible to increase the yield by 20 to 30%.

Claims

CLAIMS I Process for pulverizing solid matter of medium hardness, in particular coal, which consists in bringing the matter into a rotating drum On the inner surface of which it forms a mattress under the action of the centrifugal force. fuge and pulverize this mattress of matter with the aid of abrasive grinders having axes parallel to that of the drum, but rotating in the opposite direction, the pulverization of the material taking place under the pressure of the grinding wheels and the fine pulverized products being entrained in the outside by a draft. II Spray apparatus for carrying out the process according to claim I, characterized by a hollow drum, cal, On the main shaft of the apparatus and rotating with it, a material intake hopper bringing the latter eiä. the inner surface of the drum, abrasive wheels whose respective axes are parallel to that of the drum, but which rotate in the opposite direction to said drum, and a device for sucking up fine particles, drawing them as they go. < ü, measurement of their formation. SUB-CLAIMS 1 Pulverizing apparatus according to claim II, characterized in that the grinding wheels are mounted so that their distance from the inner cylindrical surface of the drum can be easily adjusted as the wheel progresses. of their wear.

2 Pulverizing device according to claim II and sub-claim 1, characterized in that the adjustment of the grinding wheels is obtained by their eccentric mounting on cylindrical blocks which are rotatable in a correspondingly shaped housing according to Jans the hinged door of the appliance and to be fixed in the desired position.

3 Pulverizing device according to claim II and sub-claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the correct position of the grinding wheels is ensured automatically, at all times, by a feeler member actuated by the thickness coal mattress applied to the drum.

4 Spray apparatus according to. claim 11, characterized in that the drum has the shape of a bowl, analogous to a Gelle of a hollow Lore, in order to cause a classification of the particles of matter and to prevent metal pieces, which may be mixed with the material, from coming into contact with the grinding wheels and getting stuck between the drum and the grinding wheels.

5 Spray apparatus according to claim II and sub-claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the drum has, on the door side, a circular rim giving lateral support to the mattress of maurea.