CH162992A - High performance fine filter and process for making the same. - Google Patents
High performance fine filter and process for making the same.Info
- Publication number
- CH162992A CH162992A CH162992DA CH162992A CH 162992 A CH162992 A CH 162992A CH 162992D A CH162992D A CH 162992DA CH 162992 A CH162992 A CH 162992A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- pores
- fine
- substances
- candles
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical group [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012476 oxidizable substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
- B01D29/03—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements self-supporting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
- B01D29/31—Self-supporting filtering elements
- B01D29/33—Self-supporting filtering elements arranged for inward flow filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
- B01D29/52—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in parallel connection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
- B01D29/56—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection
- B01D29/58—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection arranged concentrically or coaxially
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D37/00—Processes of filtration
- B01D37/02—Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
- B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/04—Supports for the filtering elements
- B01D2201/043—Filter tubes connected to plates
- B01D2201/0438—Filter tubes connected to plates mounted substantially vertically on plates at the lower side of the filter elements
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Description
itochkistuugs-Feinfiller und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben.
Gegenstand vorliegender Erfindung ist ein Hochleistungs-Feinfilter, welcher ermög licht, feine und feinste Teilchen aus der zu filtrierenden Flüssigkeit zurückzuhalten.
Es sind bereits sogenannte Tonfilter be kannt, welche wohl eine hohe spezifische
Leistung, jedoch verhältnismässig wenig und grosse Poren besitzen, so dass diese Filter sehr kleine Mikroben oder gar Kolloide nicht aus der Flüssigkeit auszuscheiden vermögen.
Zurzeit bekannte Feinfilter (sogenannte
Ultrafilter), welche die kleinsten M ! Mikroben und Kolloidteilchen zurückzuhalten vermögen, haben eine zu geringe Durchlässigkeit, als dass sie praktisch verwendet werden können ten.
Der neue Filter ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Poren eines Trägers aus grossporigem Filtermaterial feinzerteilte Stoffe eingelagert sind, welch letztere durch die zu filtrierende Flüssigkeit weder aufgelöst, noch sonst in ihrer Struktur geändert werden können.
Die Herstellung kann zum Beispiel der art erfolgen, dass ein pulverförmiges Filter material zwischen Grobfilterplaften gepresst -wird.
Einige Ausführungsformen des Erfin dungsgegenstandes sind in der Zeichnung schematisch veranschaulicht.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Filter im Schnitt, bei dem die Filtermasse zwischen zwei poröse
Steine gepresst ist;
Fig. 2 zeigt im Schnitt einen Filter mit einer Anzahl von : Filterkerzen bekann- ter Art.
Der in Fig. 1 gezeichnete Filter besitzt ein mit einer Durchlassöffnung i versehenes Gehäuse, welches auf der Innenseite des Bodens konzentrische und radiale Kanäle besitzt, welche eine Ableitung der filtrierten Flüssigkeit aus, beziehungsweise nach der Öffnung i ermöglichen. Genau dieselben Ka- näle besitzt die mit der Durchlassöffnung j versehene Deckelplatte b. Zwischen dem Gehäuse a und dem Deckel b sind die porösen Steinplatten e und d angebracht. Zwischen den beiden Steinplatten befindet sich das pulverförmige Filtermaterial e, dessen feinste Partikelchen in die Poren der Steinplatten eindringen. Die zwischen den Platten cund d verbleibende Schicht des Filterstoffes e unterstützt dabei den Filtervorgang ganz erheblich. Der Ab dichtungsring f kann zwischen den Platten c und d aus Gummi bestehen.
Die Deckelplatte b ist durch einen in einem Gewindeteil des Gehäuses a aufschraubbaren Haltering g einstellbar gepresst.
IJm auch eine Abdichtung zwischen Deckel b, Haltering g und Gehäuse a zu erzielen, wird ein Gummiring h eingelegt.
Ein derartiger Filter kann vollkommen bakteriendicht und kolloiddicht sein, und doch ist seine spezifische Leistung ungemein gross; sie beträgt, je nach Art des verwendeten Filterstoffes, bei. einem Druck von 5 Atm. zwischen 3 und 20 Liter Wasser pro cm2 in der Stunde bei gewöhnlicher Tem peratur.
Ein Filter, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, ist von beiden Seiten beaufschlagbar, das heisst die Strömungsrichtung der zu filtrierenden Flüssigkeit ist gleichgültig; es setzen sich dabei jeweils die Partikelchen des Filtermaterials in den Poren der einen oder an-; dern Platte c bezw. d fest. Es können somit z und j je sowohl als Einlass, wie auch als Auslaü dienen.
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Feinfilter mit an sich bekannten Filterkerzen. Die gewöhnlichen grobporigen Filterkerzen aus gebranntem Ton oder sonstigem Material werden in feinporige Filterkerzen mit grosser Porenzahl dadurch umgewandelt, dass auf ihrer Oberfläche ein feinpulverisierter Stoff aufgetragen wird.
Das Auftragen erfolgt am besten in der Weise, dass man durch die Kerzen Wasser oder eine sonstige Flüssigkeit presst, in welcher der aufzutragende Stoff in feiner Suspension enthalten ist. Zunächst werden die feinsten Teilchen des aufzutragenden Stoffes durch die Poren hindurchgehen, die gröberen Teilchen aber werden nach wenigen Sekunden schon eine Verengung der Poren hervorrufen, so dass sich auch die feinsten Teilchen anlagern können. Die einzelnen sprünglichen Porenmündungen werden auf diese Weise in eine grosse Zahl ungemein feiner Poren unterteilt.
Derartige Filter lassen sich auch leicht spülen, dadurch, dass die Richtung des Flüssigkeitsstromes umgekehrt wird. Der auf der Aussenfläche der Filterkerzen aufgetragene feinpulverisierte Stoff wird dadurch augenblioldich mit allen darauf haftenden Schmutzstoffen fortgespült. Der pulverförmige Filterstoff kann entweder auf die Aussenseite oder auf die Innenseite der Ker- zen, je nach der Richtung des Flüssigkeitsstromes, von A nach B oder umgekehrt aufgetragen werden.
Zweckmässigerweise wird man als Filtermaterial nur feinpulverisierte Stoffe oder Mischungen von solchen Stoffen verwenden, die neben der Eigenschaft, unlöslich zu sein, eine Struktur haben, welche eine Verfilzung der einzelnen Teilchen ineinander gestattet, nicht aber durch Quellung oder sonstige Vorgänge eine Verstopfung ermöglichen.
Als sehr geeignet haben sich, wie durch Versuche nachgewiesen wurde, folgende Stoffe erwiesen: feinverteilter Kohlenstoff (und insbesondere Russ), Nickeloxyd, Schwefelpulver, Nickelpulver, Zinnpulver, Zinkpulver, oder sogenanntes Molekularsilber, des heisst der feine Niederschlag, der sich beispielsweise beim Eintauchen eines Kupferstabes in eine wässerige Lösung von Silbernitrat auf diesem Stab bildet.
Stoffe, die eine, wenn auch geringe Lös- lichkeit besitzen, eignen sich nicht besonders, da eine Erweiterung der Poren während der Filtration erfolgt. Ebenso ungeeignet sind leicht oxydierbare Stoffe.
PATENTANSPRtYCHE:
I. Hochleistungs-Feinfilter für Flüssigkei ten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ! in den
Poren eines Trägers aus grossporigem
Filtermaterial feinzerteilte Stoffe ein gelagert sind, welch letztere durch die zu filtrierende Flüssigkeit weder auf gelöst, noch sonst in ihrer Struktur ge ändert werden können.
**WARNUNG** Ende DESC Feld konnte Anfang CLMS uberlappen**.
itochkistuugs fine filler and method of making the same.
The present invention is a high-performance fine filter which light makes it possible to retain fine and extremely fine particles from the liquid to be filtered.
So-called tone filters are already known, which are probably highly specific
Power, but have relatively few and large pores, so that these filters are not able to separate very small microbes or even colloids from the liquid.
Currently known fine filters (so-called
Ultrafilter), which the smallest M! Capable of retaining microbes and colloidal particles, their permeability is too low to be of practical use.
The new filter is characterized in that finely divided substances are embedded in the pores of a carrier made of large-pore filter material, the latter of which cannot be dissolved or otherwise changed in structure by the liquid to be filtered.
The production can, for example, be carried out in such a way that a powdery filter material is pressed between coarse filter plates.
Some embodiments of the subject invention are illustrated schematically in the drawing.
Fig. 1 shows a filter in section, in which the filter mass between two porous
Stones is pressed;
2 shows in section a filter with a number of: filter candles of known type.
The filter shown in FIG. 1 has a housing which is provided with a passage opening i and which has concentric and radial channels on the inside of the bottom which allow the filtered liquid to be drained from or to the opening i. The cover plate b provided with the passage opening j has exactly the same channels. The porous stone slabs e and d are attached between the housing a and the cover b. The powdery filter material e is located between the two stone slabs, the finest particles of which penetrate into the pores of the stone slabs. The layer of filter material e remaining between the plates c and d supports the filtering process considerably. From the sealing ring f can be made of rubber between the plates c and d.
The cover plate b is adjustably pressed by a retaining ring g that can be screwed onto a threaded part of the housing a.
In order to also achieve a seal between cover b, retaining ring g and housing a, a rubber ring h is inserted.
Such a filter can be completely bacteria-proof and colloid-proof, and yet its specific performance is extremely high; it amounts to, depending on the type of filter material used. a pressure of 5 atm. between 3 and 20 liters of water per cm2 per hour at normal temperature.
A filter, as shown in FIG. 1, can be acted upon from both sides, that is to say the direction of flow of the liquid to be filtered is irrelevant; the particles of the filter material settle in the pores of one or the other; the plate c respectively. d fixed. Thus, z and j can each serve both as an inlet and as an outlet.
Fig. 2 shows a fine filter with per se known filter candles. The usual coarse-pored filter candles made of fired clay or other material are converted into fine-pored filter candles with a large number of pores by applying a finely powdered substance to their surface.
The best way to apply it is to press water or some other liquid through the candles in which the substance to be applied is contained in a fine suspension. First of all, the finest particles of the substance to be applied will pass through the pores, but the coarser particles will cause the pores to narrow after a few seconds, so that even the finest particles can accumulate. In this way, the individual initial pore openings are divided into a large number of extremely fine pores.
Such filters can also be easily rinsed by reversing the direction of the flow of liquid. The finely powdered substance applied to the outer surface of the filter candles is thereby instantly washed away with all contaminants adhering to it. The powdery filter material can be applied either on the outside or on the inside of the candles, depending on the direction of the liquid flow, from A to B or vice versa.
Only finely powdered substances or mixtures of such substances are expediently used as filter material which, in addition to the property of being insoluble, have a structure which allows the individual particles to become entangled, but does not allow clogging through swelling or other processes.
Experiments have shown that the following substances have proven to be very suitable: finely divided carbon (and especially soot), nickel oxide, sulfur powder, nickel powder, tin powder, zinc powder, or so-called molecular silver, i.e. the fine precipitate that is formed, for example, when a Copper rod in an aqueous solution of silver nitrate forms on this rod.
Substances that have a low solubility, albeit a low one, are not particularly suitable, since the pores are enlarged during the filtration. Easily oxidizable substances are also unsuitable.
PATENT APPLICATION:
I. High-performance fine filter for liquids, characterized in that! in the
Pores of a carrier made of large-pore
Filter material finely divided substances are stored, which the latter can neither be dissolved by the liquid to be filtered nor otherwise changed in their structure.
** WARNING ** End of DESC field could overlap beginning of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH162992T | 1932-06-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH162992A true CH162992A (en) | 1933-07-31 |
Family
ID=4416104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH162992D CH162992A (en) | 1932-06-16 | 1932-06-16 | High performance fine filter and process for making the same. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH162992A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1204630B (en) * | 1959-08-05 | 1965-11-11 | Fram Corp | Filter material |
| DE1261046B (en) * | 1958-02-24 | 1968-02-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Microporous filter and process for its manufacture |
-
1932
- 1932-06-16 CH CH162992D patent/CH162992A/en unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1261046B (en) * | 1958-02-24 | 1968-02-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Microporous filter and process for its manufacture |
| DE1204630B (en) * | 1959-08-05 | 1965-11-11 | Fram Corp | Filter material |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE2820057C2 (en) | Filter element | |
| DE69409716T2 (en) | Filters and methods for separating charged particles from a liquid stream | |
| DE2118777C3 (en) | Filters for cleaning contaminated fluids | |
| CH497917A (en) | Uniformly pre-coating a filter screen with a mixture of | |
| DE944065C (en) | Filter device with ring-shaped filter discs lined up on a central tube | |
| CH162992A (en) | High performance fine filter and process for making the same. | |
| EP0287579B2 (en) | Process for forming and dehumidifying filter cakes | |
| DE2413466A1 (en) | METAL-BONDED GRINDING TOOL AND METHOD FOR MAKING IT | |
| DE883889C (en) | Device and method for filtering liquids | |
| DE3211865C2 (en) | Slurry dewatering device | |
| DE969665C (en) | Process for purifying water | |
| DE585947C (en) | Ultrafilter | |
| DE2411828A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR ADSORING FOREIGN MATERIALS CONTAINED IN AN Aqueous LIQUID ON GRAINY ACTIVATED CARBON | |
| DE537893C (en) | Process for the direct treatment of liquids with liquid chlorine | |
| DE2136877C3 (en) | Filter arrangement | |
| DE8907023U1 (en) | Wastewater treatment filter | |
| DE2259367A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR THE REMOVAL OF POLLUTIONS CONTAINED IN WATER AND FILTER LAYER COMBINATION MANUFACTURED BY THIS PROCESS | |
| DE600820C (en) | Double filter plate for filter presses | |
| DE2445483A1 (en) | Peat filter beds for water purifn - consisting of natural peat fibres mixed with other natural or synthetic fibres | |
| DE1054070B (en) | Filter material | |
| DE1125889B (en) | Backwashable liquid filter with loose filter material | |
| DE418493C (en) | Filter with grainy filter material | |
| AT78599B (en) | Process for the extraction of precious metals from sea water. | |
| DE2102822C3 (en) | Process for manufacturing filter elements | |
| CH94019A (en) | Filter press. |