CH274840A - Process for purifying the mercury in chlor-alkali electrolysis cells and equipment for carrying out the process. - Google Patents
Process for purifying the mercury in chlor-alkali electrolysis cells and equipment for carrying out the process.Info
- Publication number
- CH274840A CH274840A CH274840DA CH274840A CH 274840 A CH274840 A CH 274840A CH 274840D A CH274840D A CH 274840DA CH 274840 A CH274840 A CH 274840A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- mercury
- cell
- chlor
- carrying
- electrolysis cells
- Prior art date
Links
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/36—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in mercury cathode cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Reinigung des Quecksilbers in Chloralkali-Elektrolysezellen und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Im umlaufenden Quecksilber einer Chlor alkali-Elektrolysezelle reichern sich mit der Zeit verschiedene Verunreinigungen an. Man kann diese in bezug auf ihre Entstehung generell in drei Gruppen einteilen.
1. Chemische Fremdstoffe, die in Lösung mit der Salzsole in die Zellen gelangen und, wie das Alkalichlorid, der Elektrolyse unter worfen werden. Dabei bilden diese Verunrei- rzigungen mit dem Quecksilber teilweise Amalgame. Zu der gleichen Gruppe gehören die aus den Graphitelektroden herausgelösten Verbindungen. Auch diese können vorüber gehend Amalgambildung zeigen. Diese Amal- game scheiden sich aber teilweise als solche in fester Form ab und bilden so eine mecha nische Verunreinigung.
2. Rein mechanische Verunreinigungen, wie Eisenoxyd resp. reduzierte Oxyde des Eisens, welche teilweise als Schlamm und teilweise ebenfalls als Amalgam im Queck silber angereichert werden.
3. Mechanische Verunreinigungen, die aus den Graphitelektroden stammen, also feine Graphitteilchen, die sehr hartnäckig im Quecksilber suspendiert werden und zu un angenehmen Störungen führen können.
Da für einen einwandfreien Verlauf der Elektrolyse ein absolut sauberes Quecksilber notwendig ist, ist man gezwungen, von Zeit zu. Zeit eine Reinigung vorztmehmen, was bisher so geschah, dass das Quecksilber aus der Zelle genommen wurde und in einer separaten Destillationsanlage zur Destillation kam. Dieses Verfahren hat aber den grossen Nachteil, dass immer eine oder mehrere Zel len ausser Betrieb gesetzt werden müssen, was, abgesehen vom Produktionsausfall, eine Ge fährdung der Zellen bedeutet, da, wenn diese stillgelegt sind, sehr rasch schädliche Korro sionen auftreten.
Die Korrosionsprodukte aber können nie ganz entfernt werden und stellen also eine neuerliche Vertmreinigung der Zelle dar, wodurch die ganze Reinigung teilweise illusorisch wird. Dazu kommt,. dass eine Zelle, die mit unsauberem Quecksilber läuft, keine hochkonzentrierte Natronlauge liefert.
Erfindungsgemäss ist nun das Verfahren zur Reinigung des Quecksilbers in einer aus mehreren Chloralkali-Elektrolysezellen beste henden Anlage dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil des umlaufenden Quecksilbers bei jeder Zelle kontinuierlich abgezweigt, einer Destillation unterworfen und nach der Reini gung wieder in die Zelle zurückgeführt wird.
Eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung die ses Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Zelle ein Destillationsapparat für Quecksilber zugeteilt ist, durch welchen ein Teil des Quecksilbers der Zelle kontinuierlich führbar ist.
Auf diese Weise ist eine individuelle Rei nigung für jede Zelle möglich. Ferner errei chen wir, dass, ohne die Zellen abzuschalten, die Verunreinigungen des Quecksilbers immer auf einem unschädlichen Niveau gehalten wer- den können, womit alle die beschriebenen Itnzulänglichkeiten, die beim Abstellen einer Zelle auftreten, vermieden sind.
Gleichzeitig wird durch diese Massnahmen erreicht, dass die Konzentration an NaOH wesentlich höher getrieben werden kann.
An Stelle der bisher üblichen, gewöhn lichen Reinigung kann zum Beispiel eine sol che unter vermindertem Druck vorgesehen werden, was einen höheren Reinigungsgrad und eine raschere Destillation bedingt. Die einzelnen Destillationsapparate können an einer gemeinsamen Vakuumleitung ange schlossen werden.
Process for purifying the mercury in chlor-alkali electrolysis cells and equipment for carrying out the process. In the mercury circulating in a chlor-alkali electrolysis cell, various impurities accumulate over time. In terms of their origin, these can generally be divided into three groups.
1. Chemical foreign substances that get into the cells in solution with the brine and, like the alkali chloride, are subjected to electrolysis. In doing so, these impurities sometimes form amalgams with the mercury. The compounds released from the graphite electrodes belong to the same group. These, too, can temporarily show amalgam formation. However, these amalgames partly separate out as such in solid form and thus form a mechanical impurity.
2. Purely mechanical impurities such as iron oxide, respectively. reduced oxides of iron, which are partly enriched as sludge and partly also as amalgam in the mercury.
3. Mechanical impurities that come from the graphite electrodes, i.e. fine graphite particles that are very stubbornly suspended in the mercury and can lead to unpleasant disturbances.
Since absolutely clean mercury is necessary for the electrolysis to run properly, one is forced to. Time to carry out a cleaning, which was previously done by removing the mercury from the cell and distilling it in a separate distillation unit. However, this method has the major disadvantage that one or more Zel len must always be put out of operation, which, apart from the loss of production, means a risk to the cells, since if they are shut down, harmful corrosion occurs very quickly.
The corrosion products, however, can never be completely removed and thus represent a renewed contamination of the cell, making the entire cleaning process partially illusory. In addition. that a cell that runs on unclean mercury does not deliver highly concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.
According to the invention, the method for cleaning the mercury in a system consisting of several chlor-alkali electrolysis cells is characterized in that part of the circulating mercury is continuously diverted from each cell, subjected to distillation and returned to the cell after cleaning.
A device for carrying out this method is characterized in that each cell is assigned a distillation apparatus for mercury through which part of the mercury of the cell can be continuously guided.
In this way, individual cleaning is possible for each cell. Furthermore, we achieve that, without switching off the cells, the contamination of the mercury can always be kept at a harmless level, thus avoiding all of the described inadequacies that occur when switching off a cell.
At the same time, these measures mean that the concentration of NaOH can be driven significantly higher.
Instead of the usual, usual cleaning, for example, such a surface can be provided under reduced pressure, which requires a higher degree of cleaning and faster distillation. The individual stills can be connected to a common vacuum line.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH274840T | 1948-07-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH274840A true CH274840A (en) | 1951-04-30 |
Family
ID=4479935
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH274840D CH274840A (en) | 1948-07-10 | 1948-07-10 | Process for purifying the mercury in chlor-alkali electrolysis cells and equipment for carrying out the process. |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE490071A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH274840A (en) |
-
0
- BE BE490071D patent/BE490071A/xx unknown
-
1948
- 1948-07-10 CH CH274840D patent/CH274840A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE490071A (en) |
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