CH284385A - Process for disintegrating a bulk product and machine for carrying out the process. - Google Patents

Description

Process for disintegrating a bulk product and machinery for carrying out the process. The invention relates to a process for the disintegration of a bulk product, composed of individual solid particles, for example for carrying out the crushing operations during the milling of cereals, such as corn, and to a machine for the implementation of the process.

When effeetue the disintegration dun product of the preeitee nature, for example Tors of the milling of wheat or aut.res cereals, by the first 1> roecle according to Bette invention, year submits the first eourant of the product to. treat the rotor as it rotates from one level to the next, flowing in the form of an infinite annular current in which it is characterized as rapidly moving, a current in which the product particles move appreciably. is lying. along a length at the periphery (.said rotor, and in which direction), the particles affected by this tangential movement are projected against impact faces of tabs placed perpendicularly to the direction of this tangential flow of particles and extending parallel to the axis of the annular course, these faces of tongues being separated by passages through which small particles of the product flowing and the air which accompanies them can pass in such a way that after having touched the faces of the said tongues, Part of the product particles may flow between surfaced particles in a direction having a tangent, radial <U>and</U> component, and other particles of the product can move axially downwards.

The machine for carrying out the process which the invention also comprises comprises an inlet opening for pouring a stream of the product to be treated onto a rotor provided with radial vanes arranged in a single way to direct the product. so that it is expelled approximately tangentially from the periphery of the rotor as it rotates, and separate fixed tabs arranged in an annular row around it. Periphery of the rotor, so as to be placed on the path of the product escaping tangentially from the rotor, each tongue presenting an impact face substantially perpendicular to the direction of the tangential flow of product. escaping from the rotor. .

The accompanying drawing illustrates the process and shows, by way of example, one embodiment of the machine according to the invention.

Fig. 1 is tine vertical section of 1a. form of execution of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a view in RTI ID="0001.0267" WI="18" HE="4" LX="1437" LY="1996"> perspective at Brande erhelle of a detail of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view along lig_ne 3-3 of the fiQ ,. 2.

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the detail shown in FIG. 2.

Fig. 5 is an over view of the machine with only a few parts removed to show certain details of the inside of the machine.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view, plus (yrande schelle, in section along line 6-6 of fig. 1.

Fig. 1 represents the machine which is provided with a casing 2 comprising a molded main pike forming an upper shell 4, and a bottom 6 in the form of a hopper, bolted to the shell 4. The. casing 2 is supported by three feet 8, the stiperimetric ends of which fit into practical cups 9 in a console 10, coming from a piece with the shell 4. The feet 8 are forced into the cups 9 and leer lower end is provided with a flanged base 11. An electric motor 14 is mounted on the upper shell 4, its three feet 12 being fixed by bolts on the shell 4. The motor 14 comprises a shaft directed towards the first bottom which passes through an elongated bearing housing 16 econtenant ä. its lower part a strong bearing ä. rollers 17. The shaft is terminated by a tapered portion 18 projecting downward from the edge of the bearing housing 16.

The shell 4 has a central intake opening 20 surrounded by a downwardly directed collar 22, which is intended to guide a stream of the product to be treated coming from the passage 24 terminating immediately above the the opening 20. The corridor 24 has at its lower part an annular rim 26 by which it rests, and it is fixed by screws on the top of the shell 4; the upper wall of the corridor has an opening 28 giving passage to the bearing housing 16. As shown more clearly ä. fig. 5, the first corridor 24 is connected, on one side of its longitudinal axis, to the collar 22 by a flange 29, while on the other side of this end the first corridor enters the collar 22 (see also FIG. 1) and terminates in a flange 30 which s'kend radially dann Fouv erture 20 and which is decotipe to adapt to. 1a. bearing housing outer wall 16.

A rotor 36, placed directly under the opening of the duct 22 and centered on the opening 20, is fixed on the eonic extension 18 of the shaft 16 at the center of a screw 32, a washer 34 and an unmarked washer. -; felt. The rotor 36 is shaped Tun Bottom 38 of eoneave shape and clun. upper member in the form of a Plate 40 rigidly fixed to this bottom. The bottom 38 has a central hub 39 surrounded by an upward facing wall. and RTI ID="0002.0276" WI="7" HE="4" LX="1147"LY="544"> outwards, terminated by an annular rim 41 having a flat upper annular surface 42 The member 40 is. generally annular in shape, but near its outer edge. has a number (eg, seventy-two) of equally spaced radial fins 44 which project downwardly from its underside, the lower surface of these fins fitting over the surface 42 of the bottom 38. Each fin 44 a, in section, the form i., represented in fig. 6, comprising one attack surface 46, one posterior surj?aee 48 and end surfaees 50 and 51. One fin 44 out of two is fixed to the bottom 38 by one screw 52 fixing the gold-anes 38 and 40 to each other, so as to. econstitute the rigid rotor. (The four woofers 54 equally spaced around the rotor are intended to ensure the precise alignment of the two members 38 and 40 and transmit the torsional force. The rotor 36 is shaped so as to present a variable thickness, as shown in the drawing, in order to to distribute substantially uniformly the forces to which it is subjected, and in such a way that its center of gravity coincides with the center of the lower bearing 17, placed at the lower extremity of the g6 elongated bearing housing 1.6. rotor 14 are mechanically balanced before being installed, but due to a probable imbalance of the load, it is preferable to place the rotor 36 as indicated, in order to avoid any buckling damage to the motor shaft and excessive vibration.

A circular row of multi-tongue members 56 which may be, for example, sixty in number, are rigidly mounted in eylindrical holes 57 provided in the upper wall of the shell 4 and surround the Periphery of the rotor 36. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, each of these multi-tab orgarres includes a tab carrier 58 in which are mounted three elongated, planar, parallel tabs 60, 62 and 64, which have impaet surfaees and. which are separated by spaces 61 and. 63. In cross section, the median tongue 62 has a trapezoidal shape and. its thickness would be from one edge to the other, so that the width of the spaces 61 and 63 decrease transversely, as clearly shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. At the upper end, the tongues are provided with identical heels which are housed in the grooves of the body 58, separated by walls 66, and two bolts 68 fitted with nuts 69 pass through the heels of the tongues and the walls 66 so as to wedge the tabs rigidly in the first tab holder. The heads and nuts of the bolts 68 are embedded in convenient recesses in the Body 58, so that the latter presents an outer cylindrical surface without projections 70, except for a stud 72 which, at the top of this surface, is drilled through, pressing into a convenient hole in the body, the stud has the end protruding beyond the surface.

The multiple tongue members 56 fit snugly into convenient holes 57 in the shell 4, and the top of each hole 57 has a radial wedging groove into which the projecting end engages. of the pin 72 of the organ ä. multiple tabs 56 place in this hole.

The Multiple Tab Members 56 thus form a curtain of discontinuous Impact Plates generally designated by the numeral 77 (Figs. 1 and 6), totaling one hundred and eighty tabs in the example shown, and these tabs are spaced and arranged concentrically around the rotor 36 and are fixed under the ring formed in the upper wall of the shell 4. As shown in FIG. rotor 36, and with a troneonic surface 78 of the shell 4, they form a diffusion tone 79, the first role of which will be described later. When desired, an can space the Organs ä. multiple tongues 56 equally around the ring leaving uniform openings between them.

The position of studs 72 relative to tabs 60, 62 and 64 is as shown (Fig. 6) and the grooves determine the position. in the holes 57 are symmetrical with respect to . The axis of the rotor which constitutes the main axis of the machine, so that each of the multiple watch members 56 has its tabs placed in the same way with respect to the rotor, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. As an 1e sees ä. fig. 6, each of the multiple tongue members 56 is positioned so that the extension of its openings 61 and 63 is approximately tangent to the periphery of the rotor 36. The multi-tab members 56 are mounted close enough together that no tangent to the periphery of the rotor can pass between adjacent members 56, and so that transversely to the direction of tangential flow. of product escaping from the rotor, each Organ 56 re- covers the neighboring Organs On approximately half of the thickness of these Organs.

In operation, the rotor 36 rotates counterclockwise, in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 6. Each tab has a face or impact surface approximately perpendicular to the direction of the tangential flow of product escaping from the rotor. The three faces presented by each multi-tongue member are spaced so as to create equal openings 61 and 63. When the product is thrown from the rotor, it therefore tends to move towards the different faces of members 56 approximately perpendicular to these and to strike these faces. A certain part of the air accompanying the product escapes through the openings 61 and 63, while another part of this air is deflected outwards and downwards. As stated above, the openings are flared so that their width gradually increases from the impact faces, so that any product particles which hang in the openings are rapidly forced out. .

As depicted in Figs. 2 and 3, each multi-tongue member 56 is provided at its top with a flange 73 resting on the upper surface of the shell 4 and serving to wedge the multi-tongue member in place in a hole 57. ; each multi-tongue member is further provided with a vertical stem 7-1 having a transverse hole 76 near its top. During the establishment of the organ ä, multiple tongues, an introduces a tool. Jans 1st hole 76 to turn this organ up to. what the end of the pin 72 engages in 1a. corresponding groove of the shell 4 when the organ is pushed in to put it in. place. The hole 76 also serves to remove the member 56 when it is desired to inspect, repair or replace it, without having to otherwise disassemble the machine. In fig. 1, when niaclin is used, a stream of product to be treated flows, by gravity, through the passageway 24 and substantially half of the product is directed onto the central portion of the rotor 36 in the direction of rotation thereof. by the first flange 30, while the rest of the product simply falls on the central part of the rotor; over flange 29. The lower edge of collar 22 tends to. distribute the product stream evenly over the concave concave member 38 of the rotor. As a result of the rotational movement of the rotor, the product flows and flows in a uniform anti-air current of increasing velocity, climbing up the concave upper surface of the member 38. When the current reaches the inner edge of the surface 3-3, the attacking surfaces 50 (FIG. 6), fins 44 catch parts of this current, so that the current is subdivided into a Brand number. small currents. Each of these currents spreads upward the law of the guide surface 46 as the ecotiling velocity increases, and this causes a further thinning of the current. The exit opening of the rotor 36 is the product and fair which 1'aeompagie by the tone of trajectory 80 (Fig. 6) to the first discontinuous curtain of the tongues 77. The trajectories of the product particles , for example grains of wheat, are somewhat turbulent, but as a whole they are directed tangentially and at a speed liable to cause their disintegration or RTI ID="0004.0274" WI="19" HE ="4" LX="1630" LY="580"> Bursting at the moment of impact on the curtain of gates. Product particles which do not directly butter a set of tab faces are directed by the side tangential surface 82 of tongue 60 toward the faces of member δ. following multiple tongues 56 in the direction of the trajectory. Due to the flow of air passing through the openings 61 and 63 and through the passages between the multiple tongues in the relatively wide diffusion zone 79 (FIG. 1) beyond the tongue network 77, the kidneys of the air current in the trajeetoire zone 80 are greatly diminished. This ciminution of the swirls eliminates any braking or deviatioii of the particles of the product near the faces of the tongues and on these faces even, and the result is a bursting of all the particles of the product.

Some portion of the el.ate product is transported into the diffusion zone 79 and from there, by gravity and the effect of air currents, is carried away. through the discharge opening located ä. the base of the duct 6, and the rest of the elate product is transported directly downwards. due to gravity and the effect of air currents, impingement faces through the hopper discharge opening, dirt pass through the spaces between the tabs.

The machine shown is particularly suitable for milling wheat elk. When employed for this particular purpose, the rotor 36 has a diameter of 71 inches (28 inches) and spins . 1740 rpm. The clearance between the extension of the tabs 77 and the periphery of the fins 44 is approximately 19 mm (31 inch) and the other dimensions are shown in the drawing at exact scale. This machine, in its general application, is used to disintegrate various products, and it is obvious that the number of rotor blades and the number of fixed strips can be modified, as well as other characteristics of the machine, in order to adapt it. ter to specific uses and operating conditions. Further, an can curve or tilt the fins forward or backward. The dimensions of the tab faces and the intermediate openings must be chosen so as to effectively process a given product. In general, the height of the tabs must be greater than the height of the rotor outlet, the width of the intermediate openings must be smaller than the average value of the smallest dimension of each particle of the product, and the face of each tab may be looser or thinner than the mean value of the largest dimension of each particle of the product, the tone being determined by the kind of crushing or shattering desired. realize.

Claims (1)

1. Process for the disintegration of a bulk product, composed of solid particles, characterized in that the current of the product to be treated is subjected to the rotational movement of a rotor, so as to spread this current in the form of an annular current which imparts a rapid displacement, current in which the particles of the product move substantially along a tangent to the periphery of the said rotor, and in which the particles subjected to this tangential displacement are projected against tab impact faces placed perpendicular to the direction of said tangential flow of particles and extending parallel to the axis of the annular current, these tab faces being separated by passes through which said stream of small particles of product and which accompanies them can pass, so that after having struck the faces of said tongues, a part of the particles of the product can flow between these surfaces in a direction having a tangential component and a radial component, and other product particles can move axially downward. II. Machine for carrying out the process according to claim I, characterized in that it comprises an inlet opening for pouring a current of the product to be treated onto a rotor fitted with radial fins arranged so as to direct the produced so that it is <RTI ID="0005.0273" WI="12" HE="4" LX="1344" LY="645"> expelled approximately tangentially from the periphery of the rotor as the latter rotates, and separate fixed tongues, arranged in an annular row around the periphery of the rotor, so as to be placed on the path of the product escaping tangentially from the rotor, each tongue presenting a face of impact substantially perpendicular to the direction of the tangential flow of product escaping from the rotor. SUB-CLAIMS 1. Machine according to claim II, characterized in that each tongue and its impact face extend parallel to the axis of the rotor. `?. A machine according to claim II and sub-claim 1, characterized in that the tabs are placed in circumferentially spaced groups, each group forming a multi-tab member in which the individual tabs are arranged side by side. a determined distance from each other, so as to form between them:; openings directed in the direction of the tangential flow of product escaping from the rotor. 3. Machine according to sub-claim 2', characterized in that the width of said openings increases progressively, starting from said impact faces, in the direction of the flow of product escaping from the rotor. 4. Machine according to sub-claim 2, characterized in that each member with multiple tabs comprises a tab holder supporting several parallel flat bars of elongated shape, approximately 6 equally spaced from each other, constituting said individual tabs, each of them having a substantially flat face or- ming its impaet face. 5. Machine according to the sub-rev endication 1, characterized in that the first tongue-holder has grooves in each of which is engaged one of the ends of each lang nette to be fixed to said door-Languette.s. 6. Machine according to sub-claims z and 5, characterized in that the tongue holder has a cylindrical outer surface fitting into a practical recess in the housing of the machine, and it is provided with a dune protruding elavette intended ä. engage in a groove made in the wall of said housing, so as to determine the relative angular position of the multiple-tongue member with respect to the periphery of the rotor mounted in this housing. 7. hlachine according to subclaim `', characterized in that each organ ä. multiple tongues present three equally spaced tongues, the sides of the two outer tongues < it are facing the ekes of the median tongue, being parallel, this median tongue having in cross-section a symmetrical trapezoidal shape, flattened edge flat forinating the face of impact as far as the opposite band, so that the sides of the median tongue are ineline symmetrically with respect to the parallel opposite sides of the two outer tongues, thus forming between the three tongues two openings. - similar tures whose width gradually increases in the same way as it moves away from the impact faces in the direction of the tangential flow of product escaping from the rotor. B. h@achine according to the sotls-revendieation?, characterized in that quo. In each multiple-tab member, the tab closest to the periphery of the rotor has an outer surface extending substantially in the tangential direction of the flow of product escaping from the rotor, and in ee quo the organs ä, multiple tongues are mounted sufficiently close to each other so that no tangent leading to the periphery of the rotor can pass between adjacent organs, and so that, transversaliuent in the direction of the tangential flow of product escaping from the rotor, each member covers the adjacent members, so that particles of the product escaping from the rotor and which do not directly strike the impact faces of a member, are directed by tangential surfaces lateral towards the impact faees of the organ ä, following multiple tongues, in the first <RTI ID="0006.0273" WI="7" HE="4" LX="1261" LY="670"> flow direction of product eliding from the rotor. 0. 1VIaehine according to rev endieation 11, charac- terized in that it is provided with a casing, part of the wall of which surrounds the row of tabs and is therefrom. radially spaced to form a diffusion zone around Bette range. 10. Machine according to claim 11, characterized in that the rotor has a concave surface arranged to receive the product to be treated on its surface. intermediate part from which this product, under the effect of the rotational movement of the rotor, flows upwards and. worms 1-'exterior worm: s said fin> radial arranged s.ur a planar annular surfhee, surrounding said concave surfaee. 11. Machine according to sub-claim 10, characterized in that the first rotor pi-esirte a bottom coneave form of a flat ceiitral part surrounded by a coneave wall directed upwards and outwards, the wall terminated by um annular rim having an annular surface stiperieiii-e planar arranged a, the peripliei.-ie said bottom, ee bottom being surmont6 of an upper member of annular geno ral form which it. is fixed and which pi-e- feels, ä, sa. outer periphery, an annular row of radial fins protruding from the bottom and butt emitting the arinular foam from the annular rim of the Bottom. 12. Machine according to claim 11, characterized in that the motor is mounted above the rotor and that the rotor is rigidly fixed to the upper end of the motor shaft, the shaft runs downwards and passing through a lower bearing located near the central part of the rotor, and inasmuch as the rotor is of varying thickness in order to distribute in an approximately uniform manner the forces to which it is subjected, and so that its center of gravity eoineide substantially avee the first eentre of said lower bearing. 13. Machine following underlayment 12, characterized in that it comprises an elongated bearing housing extending from the engine downwards, said lower bearing being mounted within the bearing housing near the lower end thereof, said machine further having a downwardly opening entrance opening surrounding said bearing housing, and an inclined entrance passageway leading to such entrance opening, a part of the lower wall of this corridor extending to a point laterally of said bearing housing. 1-1. 1Vlaeline according to sub-claim 13, characterized in that said part of the lower wall of said rotor has a rim directed radially with respect to the axis of the rotor on one side of this axis, while another part of said wall in lower part has, at the opposite side of said ate, an arcuate rim extending around the rotor part at some distance therefrom, so that different parts of the product to be treated are led to different parts of the rotor. .