CH362684A - Process for the production of a practically alkali metal hydroxide free from alkali chloride - Google Patents
Process for the production of a practically alkali metal hydroxide free from alkali chlorideInfo
- Publication number
- CH362684A CH362684A CH4482357A CH4482357A CH362684A CH 362684 A CH362684 A CH 362684A CH 4482357 A CH4482357 A CH 4482357A CH 4482357 A CH4482357 A CH 4482357A CH 362684 A CH362684 A CH 362684A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- alkali
- chloride
- production
- practically
- weight
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 aliphatic amino compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 23
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N (2E)-2-Tetradecenal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C=O WHOZNOZYMBRCBL-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- IWLBIFVMPLUHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;formaldehyde Chemical compound N.O=C IWLBIFVMPLUHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- CEQFOVLGLXCDCX-WUKNDPDISA-N methyl red Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O CEQFOVLGLXCDCX-WUKNDPDISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940044654 phenolsulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
- B01J41/12—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J41/13—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D1/00—Oxides or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D1/04—Hydroxides
- C01D1/28—Purification; Separation
- C01D1/38—Purification; Separation by dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2361/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
- C08J2361/32—Modified amine-aldehyde condensateS
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung einer praktisch alkalichloridfreien Alkalilauge
Im Hauptpatent Nr. 351259 wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer praktisch alkalichloridfreien Alkalilauge auf osmotischem Wege beschrieben, wobei man das Alkalihydroxyd einer chloridhaltigen Alkalilauge durch eine für Alkalichlorid schwer durchlässige Membran diffundieren lässt und als Membranmaterial ein gelartiges, in wässrigen bzw. alkalischen Medien quellfähiges, aber unlösliches, polare Gruppen aufweisendes Kunstharz verwendet.
Die Membranen können mit Folien aus gegen Alkalilauge indifferenten Kunststoffen oder mit anderen Stoffen wie z. B. Asbest, Glas usw., zur Verbesserung der mechanischen Stabilität, verstärkt werden. Als polare Gruppen der zu verwendenden Kunstharze kommen beispielsweise die SO3H-Gruppe und/oder die Hydroxylgruppe in Betracht. Besonders bewährt haben sich Kondensationsharze aus Phenolen und/oder Phenolsulfosäure mit Aldehydgruppen enthaltenden Verbindungen.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass sich zur Durchführung des im Hauptpatent beschriebenen Verfahrens Membranen besonders gut eignen, die als Membranmaterial ein Kondensationsharz aus einem aromatischen Amin, einer aliphatischen Aminoverbindung und Formaldehyd aufweisen. Vorzugsweise verwendet man als Membranmaterial ein m-Phenylen diamin - Polyäthylendiamin - Formaldehyd - Kondensa- tionsharz oder ein m-Phenylendiamin-Dicyandiamid Formaldehyd-Kondensationsharz.
Man kondensiert beispielsweise 1 Mol Phenylendiamin im sauren Medium mit 0,5 Mol Polyäthylendiamin (H2N-C2H4-[NH-C2H4-]NH-C2H4- NH2) und 1,5 bis 2 Mol Formaldehyd. Die Kondensation wird vorzugsweise bei 80-90"C in einer gesättigten Wasserdampfatmosphäre vorgenommen.
Die genannten Membranen besitzen wegen ihrer Quellfähigkeit meistens keine genügende mechanische Stabilität und können aus diesem Grunde, wie im Hauptpatent ausgeführt ist, mit Folien oder Geweben aus gegen Alkalilauge indifferenten Kunststoffen verstärkt werden. Als in dieser Hinsicht indifferenter Kunststoff eignet sich besonders Polyvinylchlorid und Polyacrylnitril. Die Beständigkeit der so hergestellten Membranen ist im alkalischen Medium grösser als die der im Hauptpatent beispielsweise genannten, deren polare Gruppen aus SO3Hbzw. OH-Gruppen bestehen. Ebenfalls sind die auf Amin-Formaldehyd-Basis hergestellten Membranen bedeutend elastischer als die im Hauptpatent genannten Membranen. Die Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit ist bei den beschriebenen Austauschermembranen um etwa den zehnfachen Wert höher.
Beispiel 1
Das Membranmaterial kann auf folgende Weise erhalten werden: Man löst 38 Gewichtsteile Dicyandiamid in 140 Gewichtsteilen 30 /0igem Formalin.
Die Lösung wird mit konzentrierter Salzsäure unter Zugabe einiger Tropfen Methylrot sauer gestellt und auf 5-10"C gekühlt. Weiterhin werden 102 Gewichtsteile m-Phenylendiamin in 42 Gewichtsteilen konzentrierter Salzsäure und 300 Gewichtsteilen Wasser gelöst und auf 0 C abgekühlt. Die beiden Lösungen werden zusammengegeben und mit einer vorher auf 0o C gekühlten Mischung von 23 Gewichtsteilen Paraformaldehyd, 100 Gewichtsteilen Wasser mit 50 Gewichtsteilen konzentrierter Salzsäure gut verrührt. Mit dieser Lösung wird ein Polyvinylchloridbzw. Polyacrylnitrilgewebe getränkt. Anschliessend wird das getränkte Gewebe eine Stunde lang bei 85 bis 900 einer gesättigten Wasserdampfatmosphäre ausgesetzt.
Die Kondensation lässt sich auch auf kontinuierlichem Wege über dampfbeheizten Walzen in einer Wasserdampfatmosphäre ausführen. Mit einer so hergestellten Membran kann aus einer technischen Natronlauge der Zusammensetzung
750 g NaOH/l und 15 g NaCl/l eine kochsalz arme Lauge der Zusammensetzung
300 g NaOH/l und 0,4 g NaCI/l erhalten werden.
Beispiel 2
Ein anderes Membranmaterial kann erhalten werden, indem man 156 Gewichtsteile m-Phenylendiamin in 500 Gewichtsteilen Wasser und 110 Gewichtsteilen konzentrierter Salzsäure löst. Die Lösung wird gut gekühlt, und unter intensivem Rühren lässt man eine Mischung von 36 Gewichtsteilen Polyäthylendiamin in 78 Gewichtsteilen konzentrierte Salzsäure fliessen.
Um eine Temperatur von 0" zu erreichen, setzt man der Mischung Eis zu. Die Kondensation wird anschliessend durch Eintragen von 324 Gewichtsteilen 300/oigem Formalin unter kräftigem Rühren in das obige Gemisch erreicht. Darauf wird ein Polyvinyl chlorid- bzw. Polyacrylnitrilgewebe mit der Harzlösung getränkt und in einer Wasserdampfatmosphäre von 85" kondensiert. Die Kondensation kann ebenfalls auf kontinuierlichem Wege erfolgen. Mit der auf diesem Wege hergestellten Membran konnte bei gleicher Zusammensetzung der technischen Natronlauge, wie im Beispiel 1, eine chloridarme Lauge von folgender Zusammensetzung erhalten werden:
350 g NaOH/l und 0,5 g NaCl/l.
Process for the production of a practically alkali metal hydroxide free from alkali chloride
The main patent no. 351259 describes a process for the production of a practically alkali chloride-free alkali lye by osmotic means, whereby the alkali hydroxide of a chloride-containing alkali lye is allowed to diffuse through a membrane that is poorly permeable to alkali chloride and the membrane material is a gel-like, but swelling in aqueous or alkaline media insoluble synthetic resin having polar groups is used.
The membranes can be covered with foils made of plastics indifferent to alkali or with other substances such as e.g. B. asbestos, glass, etc., to improve the mechanical stability, reinforced. As polar groups of the synthetic resins to be used, for example, the SO3H group and / or the hydroxyl group come into consideration. Condensation resins made from phenols and / or phenolsulfonic acid with compounds containing aldehyde groups have proven particularly useful.
It has now been found that membranes which have a condensation resin composed of an aromatic amine, an aliphatic amino compound and formaldehyde as the membrane material are particularly suitable for carrying out the process described in the main patent. A m-phenylenediamine - polyethylene - formaldehyde - condensation resin or an m-phenylenediamine-dicyandiamide-formaldehyde condensation resin is preferably used as the membrane material.
For example, 1 mol of phenylenediamine is condensed in an acidic medium with 0.5 mol of polyethylene diamine (H2N-C2H4- [NH-C2H4-] NH-C2H4-NH2) and 1.5 to 2 mol of formaldehyde. The condensation is preferably carried out at 80-90 "C in a saturated steam atmosphere.
Owing to their ability to swell, the membranes mentioned usually do not have sufficient mechanical stability and for this reason, as stated in the main patent, can be reinforced with foils or fabrics made of plastics which are indifferent to alkali. Polyvinyl chloride and polyacrylonitrile are particularly suitable as plastics that are indifferent in this regard. The resistance of the membranes produced in this way is greater in an alkaline medium than that of those mentioned in the main patent, for example, whose polar groups are composed of SO3H or. OH groups exist. The amine-formaldehyde-based membranes are also significantly more elastic than the membranes mentioned in the main patent. The diffusion rate is about ten times higher with the exchange membranes described.
example 1
The membrane material can be obtained in the following manner: 38 parts by weight of dicyandiamide are dissolved in 140 parts by weight of 30/0 formalin.
The solution is acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid with the addition of a few drops of methyl red and cooled to 5-10 ° C. Furthermore, 102 parts by weight of m-phenylenediamine are dissolved in 42 parts by weight of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 300 parts by weight of water and cooled to 0 ° C. The two solutions are combined and stirred well with a mixture of 23 parts by weight of paraformaldehyde, 100 parts by weight of water and 50 parts by weight of concentrated hydrochloric acid, which was previously cooled to 0 ° C. A polyvinyl chloride or polyacrylonitrile fabric is impregnated with this solution. The impregnated fabric is then subjected to a saturated steam atmosphere for one hour at 85 to 900 exposed.
The condensation can also be carried out continuously over steam-heated rollers in a steam atmosphere. With a membrane produced in this way, the composition can be obtained from a technical sodium hydroxide solution
750 g NaOH / l and 15 g NaCl / l a lye containing low sodium chloride of the composition
300 g NaOH / l and 0.4 g NaCl / l can be obtained.
Example 2
Another membrane material can be obtained by dissolving 156 parts by weight of m-phenylenediamine in 500 parts by weight of water and 110 parts by weight of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The solution is cooled well, and a mixture of 36 parts by weight of polyethylene diamine in 78 parts by weight of concentrated hydrochloric acid is allowed to flow with vigorous stirring.
Ice is added to the mixture in order to reach a temperature of 0 ". Condensation is then achieved by adding 324 parts by weight of 300% formalin to the above mixture with vigorous stirring. A polyvinyl chloride or polyacrylonitrile fabric is then placed with the resin solution soaked and condensed in a steam atmosphere of 85 ". The condensation can also take place continuously. With the membrane produced in this way, with the same composition of technical caustic soda as in Example 1, a low-chloride lye with the following composition could be obtained:
350 g NaOH / l and 0.5 g NaCl / l.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEV12152A DE1056103B (en) | 1957-03-14 | 1957-03-14 | Dialysis device for removing alkali chlorides from alkali hydroxide solutions |
| CH351259T | 1957-04-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH362684A true CH362684A (en) | 1962-06-30 |
Family
ID=25737091
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH4482357A CH362684A (en) | 1957-03-14 | 1957-04-09 | Process for the production of a practically alkali metal hydroxide free from alkali chloride |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH362684A (en) |
-
1957
- 1957-04-09 CH CH4482357A patent/CH362684A/en unknown
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