CH400575A - Process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride - Google Patents
Process for the polymerization of vinyl chlorideInfo
- Publication number
- CH400575A CH400575A CH528061A CH528061A CH400575A CH 400575 A CH400575 A CH 400575A CH 528061 A CH528061 A CH 528061A CH 528061 A CH528061 A CH 528061A CH 400575 A CH400575 A CH 400575A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- polymerization
- vinyl chloride
- added
- boron
- bromine
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CMHHITPYCHHOGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylborane Chemical compound CCCCB(CCCC)CCCC CMHHITPYCHHOGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F14/02—Monomers containing chlorine
- C08F14/04—Monomers containing two carbon atoms
- C08F14/06—Vinyl chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F14/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Vinylchlorid
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Polymerisation von Vinylchlorid unter Verwendung von Boralkylverbindungen als Initiatoren. Es ist bereits bekannt, Boralkyle als Katalysatoren für Vinylverbindungen zu verwenden. Man kann mit diesen Katalysatoren Polymerisationen in Masse und in Lösung und, da Boralkyle gegen Wasser beständig sind, auch in wässriger Emulsion oder Suspension durchführen. Die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit ist allerdings bei Verwendung von Boralkylen allein nur sehr gering.
Es wurde daher schon vorgeschlagen, die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit durch Zuführung von Sauerstoff oder aber durch Kombination der Boralkyle mit sauerstoffabgebenden Verbindungen, wie organischen oder anorganischen Peroxyden oder Hydroxyden, zu beschleunigen.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass Vinylchlorid mit Boralkylen unter Aussohluss von sSauerstoff oder sauerstoffabgebenden Verbindungen mit einer beschleunigten Ums atzgeschwindigkeit polymerisiert werden kann, wenn dem Vänylchlorid ausser Boralkylen noch katalytische Mengen an Halogen zugesetzt werden.
Erfindungsgemäss werden die Halogene Chlor uadl oder Brom verwendet. Die Halogene können gasförmig dem Reaktionsmedium zugeführt werden. Praktischer ist es jedoch, sie in Lösung zuzusetzen, wobei sich als Lösungsmittel besonders solche eignen, die einerseits von Halogenen unter den Polymerisationsbedingungen nicht angegriffen werden und anderer seits keinen hemmenden Binfluss auf den Polymerisa- tionsablauf ausüben. Besonders geeignet sind Tetrachlorkohlenstoff und HalogeniKohlenwasser- stoff, z. B. Dichloräthan, Tetrachloräthan. Polymerisiert man in Gegenwart einer wässrigen Phase (Emul sions- oder Suspensionspolymerisation), so kann das Halogen auch direkt der wässrigen Phase zugesetzt werden.
Die zur Beschleunigung notwendigen Mengen an zugesetztem Halogen können nur sehr gering sein. Es genügen beispielsweise schon Mengen von 0,005 bis 0,3 %, bezogen auf Idas Monomere. Die optimalen Mengen richten sich aber nach der Art Indes ;Halogens und nach der Boralkylverbindung. Besonders günstig ist der Bereich von 0,01 blis 0,1 %.
Der Zusatz der Halogene zur Polymerisation kann so erfolgen, dass gleich zu Beginn der Polymerisation die ganze in Frage kommende Menge zugesetzt wird.
Man kann aber auch die Menge aufteilen und in kleinen Portionen während der iPolymerisation zugeben, um den erfindungs.gemässen Beschleurigungsef- fekt zu erhalten. Das Verfahren wird beispielsweise bei einer Temperatur von 300 bis +20 C (bevor zugt-15 bis + 100 C) ausgeführt, wobei der Beschleunigungseffekt mit zunebmender Temperatur stark zunimmt, um bei höherer Temperatur wieder abzunehmen.
Beispiel 1
100 g Vinylchlorid werden in einem mit Rührer versehenen Glasgefäss bei -20 einkondensiert und unter sauerstofffreier Atmosphäre gehalten. Es werden 0,3 g Bortriamyl und 5 ml einer 0,05 molaren Bromlösung in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff zugesetzt. Es setzt sofort nach Zugabe, des Katalysators die Poly mensation ein, und nach 2 Stunden erhält man 6,2 g eines Polymerisates mit dem K-Wert nach Fikentscher in Cyclohexanon von 88 und einer Formbeständigkeit nach Vikat von 1100 C. Ohne Iden Zusatz an Bromlösung erhält man in 2 Stunden eine Ausbeute von 1,2 g eines Polymerisates, welches in Cyclohexanon nicht vollständig löslich ist.
Beispiel 2
100 g Vinylchlorid werden wie in Beispiel 1 vorbereitet und auf -140 C gehalten. Dann werden 0,3 g Bortributyl und 2,5 mg 0,05 molare Ohlorlösung in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff zugesetzt. Es wird unter absolutem Stickstoff gearbeitet. Die Polymerisation beginnt sofort, und nach 2 Stunden hat man 11,3 3g eines Polymerisates erhalten mit einem K-Wert von 100 und einer Formbeständigkeit nach Vikat von 108 C.
Beispiel 3
In einem Autoklaven aus rostfreiem Stahl von 2 1 Inhalt werden 600 ml Idestilliertes Wasser, die 1,0 g Methylzellulose gelöst enthalten, eingefüllt. Der Autoklav wird verschlossen, die Luft durch sauerstoff- freien Stickstoff verdrängt, und es werden 300 g Vinylchlorid eingedrückt.
Anschliessend gibt man 3, zog Tributylbor, gelöst in 25 mi Petroläther, zu und zum Schluss 30 ml 0,05 molare Bromlösung iin Chloroform. Die Temperatur wird auf 250 C gehalten. Nach 3 Stunden bläst man das nicht umgesetzte Monomere ab, wäscht das feinpulvrige Polymerisat mit verdünnter Soda- oder Ammoniaklösung. Man erhält 35 g eines weissen Pulvers mit einem K-Wert von 62.
Wird die Polymerisation ohne Bromlösung, aber sonst unter exakt gleichen Bedingungen durchgeführt, erhält man nur 15 g mit einem K-Wert von 80.
Process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride
The invention relates to a process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride using boron alkyl compounds as initiators. It is already known to use boron alkyls as catalysts for vinyl compounds. These catalysts can be used to carry out polymerizations in bulk and in solution and, since boron alkyls are resistant to water, also in aqueous emulsion or suspension. However, the rate of polymerization is only very low when using boron alkyls alone.
It has therefore already been proposed to accelerate the rate of polymerization by adding oxygen or by combining the boron alkyls with oxygen-releasing compounds, such as organic or inorganic peroxides or hydroxides.
It has now been found that vinyl chloride can be polymerized with boron alkyls with the exclusion of oxygen or oxygen-releasing compounds at an accelerated rate of conversion if catalytic amounts of halogen are added to the vinyl chloride in addition to boron alkyls.
According to the invention, the halogens chlorine and bromine are used. The halogens can be fed to the reaction medium in gaseous form. It is more practical, however, to add them in solution, with particularly suitable solvents being those which, on the one hand, are not attacked by halogens under the polymerization conditions and, on the other hand, do not have an inhibiting influence on the polymerization process. Carbon tetrachloride and halogenated hydrocarbons are particularly suitable, e.g. B. dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane. If the polymerization is carried out in the presence of an aqueous phase (emulsion or suspension polymerization), the halogen can also be added directly to the aqueous phase.
The amounts of halogen added necessary for acceleration can only be very small. For example, amounts of 0.005 to 0.3%, based on Ida's monomers, are sufficient. The optimal amounts depend on the type of indes; halogen and on the boroalkyl compound. The range from 0.01 to 0.1% is particularly favorable.
The addition of the halogens for the polymerization can take place in such a way that the entire amount in question is added right at the beginning of the polymerization.
However, the amount can also be divided up and added in small portions during the polymerization in order to obtain the accelerating effect according to the invention. The method is carried out, for example, at a temperature of 300 to +20 C (preferably -15 to + 100 C), the acceleration effect increasing sharply with increasing temperature, only to decrease again at higher temperature.
example 1
100 g of vinyl chloride are condensed in a glass vessel equipped with a stirrer at -20 and kept under an oxygen-free atmosphere. 0.3 g of boroniamyl and 5 ml of a 0.05 molar bromine solution in carbon tetrachloride are added. It starts immediately after the addition of the catalyst, the poly mensation, and after 2 hours 6.2 g of a polymer with the Fikentscher K value in cyclohexanone of 88 and a dimensional stability according to Vikat of 1100 C. Without addition of bromine solution a yield of 1.2 g of a polymer is obtained in 2 hours which is not completely soluble in cyclohexanone.
Example 2
100 g vinyl chloride are prepared as in Example 1 and kept at -140.degree. Then 0.3 g of boron tributyl and 2.5 mg of 0.05 molar chlorine solution in carbon tetrachloride are added. It is worked under absolute nitrogen. The polymerization begins immediately, and after 2 hours 11.3 g of a polymer has been obtained with a K value of 100 and a dimensional stability according to Vikat of 108 C.
Example 3
A stainless steel autoclave with a capacity of 2 liters is filled with 600 ml of distilled water containing 1.0 g of dissolved methyl cellulose. The autoclave is closed, the air is displaced by oxygen-free nitrogen, and 300 g of vinyl chloride are injected.
Then 3 are added, tributyl boron, dissolved in 25 ml of petroleum ether, is added, and finally 30 ml of 0.05 molar bromine solution in chloroform. The temperature is kept at 250.degree. After 3 hours, the unreacted monomer is blown off and the finely powdered polymer is washed with dilute soda or ammonia solution. 35 g of a white powder with a K value of 62 are obtained.
If the polymerization is carried out without bromine solution, but otherwise under exactly the same conditions, only 15 g with a K value of 80 are obtained.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DED33733A DE1169668B (en) | 1960-07-07 | 1960-07-07 | Process for the polymerization of vinyl halides |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH400575A true CH400575A (en) | 1965-10-15 |
Family
ID=7041863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH528061A CH400575A (en) | 1960-07-07 | 1961-05-05 | Process for the polymerization of vinyl chloride |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE603906A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH400575A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1169668B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB905011A (en) |
| NL (2) | NL265342A (en) |
| OA (1) | OA01651A (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE587761A (en) * | 1958-08-02 | |||
| BE570029A (en) * | 1958-08-02 |
-
0
- BE BE603906D patent/BE603906A/xx unknown
- NL NL129049D patent/NL129049C/xx active
- NL NL265342D patent/NL265342A/xx unknown
-
1960
- 1960-07-07 DE DED33733A patent/DE1169668B/en active Pending
-
1961
- 1961-05-05 CH CH528061A patent/CH400575A/en unknown
- 1961-06-27 GB GB23219/61A patent/GB905011A/en not_active Expired
-
1964
- 1964-12-31 OA OA51878A patent/OA01651A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE603906A (en) | |
| OA01651A (en) | 1969-09-20 |
| NL265342A (en) | |
| DE1169668B (en) | 1964-05-06 |
| NL129049C (en) | |
| GB905011A (en) | 1962-09-05 |
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