CH501654A - N-carboxy-arginine and-histidine anhydrides - Google Patents
N-carboxy-arginine and-histidine anhydridesInfo
- Publication number
- CH501654A CH501654A CH1897469A CH1897469A CH501654A CH 501654 A CH501654 A CH 501654A CH 1897469 A CH1897469 A CH 1897469A CH 1897469 A CH1897469 A CH 1897469A CH 501654 A CH501654 A CH 501654A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- anhydride
- halogenating agent
- arginine
- group
- histidine
- Prior art date
Links
- YSAVLQWBPUIBPN-BYPYZUCNSA-N (2S)-2-(carboxyamino)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid Chemical compound NC(=N)NCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(O)=O YSAVLQWBPUIBPN-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 title 1
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GDBGQMVNNRVHDW-UWVGGRQHSA-N [(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-(carboxyamino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamic acid Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)O)C(=O)OC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(O)=O)C1=CN=CN1 GDBGQMVNNRVHDW-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-alpha-Methylhistamine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CN=CN1 PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KKTJBGAYBLZAKB-YUMQZZPRSA-N [(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-(carboxyamino)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]oxy-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamic acid Chemical class NC(=N)NCCC[C@H](NC(O)=O)C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H](NC(O)=O)CCCNC(N)=N KKTJBGAYBLZAKB-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical class Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P L-argininium(2+) Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])NCCC[C@H]([NH3+])C(O)=O ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-BYPYZUCNSA-P 0.000 abstract description 3
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910020667 PBr3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910006124 SOCl2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- IPNPIHIZVLFAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus tribromide Chemical compound BrP(Br)Br IPNPIHIZVLFAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- -1 N-carboxyamino acid anhydride Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- HFRXJVQOXRXOPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl bromide Chemical compound BrS(Br)=O HFRXJVQOXRXOPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical class Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLWOCVCLUQBUPT-IYPAPVHQSA-N [(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-(carboxyamino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamic acid hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OC(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)C(=O)OC(=O)[C@H](Cc1cnc[nH]1)NC(O)=O RLWOCVCLUQBUPT-IYPAPVHQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WCOJOHPAKJFUDF-LBPRGKRZSA-N (2s)-3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CN=CN1 WCOJOHPAKJFUDF-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJSSFUMSAFMFNM-NSHDSACASA-N (2s)-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)pentanoic acid Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SJSSFUMSAFMFNM-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHSGOABISYIYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-nitrophenyl)methyl carbonochloridate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(COC(Cl)=O)C=C1 MHSGOABISYIYKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGFAWKRXZLGJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OGFAWKRXZLGJSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloroformate Chemical compound ClC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 HSDAJNMJOMSNEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005929 isobutyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QQHNGZNHRRLNKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl carbonobromidate Chemical compound COC(Br)=O QQHNGZNHRRLNKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004742 propyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D263/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D263/44—Two oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/06—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length using protecting groups or activating agents
- C07K1/08—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length using protecting groups or activating agents using activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/06—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length using protecting groups or activating agents
- C07K1/08—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length using protecting groups or activating agents using activating agents
- C07K1/086—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length using protecting groups or activating agents using activating agents containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/665—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans derived from pro-opiomelanocortin, pro-enkephalin or pro-dynorphin
- C07K14/695—Corticotropin [ACTH]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/08—Tripeptides
- C07K5/0802—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
- C07K5/0804—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
- C07K5/0806—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 0 or 1 carbon atoms, i.e. Gly, Ala
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
- C07K5/1002—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
- C07K5/1005—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
- C07K5/1013—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing O or S as heteroatoms, e.g. Cys, Ser
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
- C07K5/1019—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being basic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/10—Tetrapeptides
- C07K5/1021—Tetrapeptides with the first amino acid being acidic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
Abstract
Hydrohalic acid salts of N-carboxy arginine anhydride and N-carboxy-histidine anhydride, useful as intermediates for arginine and histidine and peptides contng. these amino-acids are prepd. by reacting a halogenating agent (pref. PBr3 or SOCl2, pref. in 10% molar excess) with the corresponding amino-acid in which the alpha-amino group is substd. by an (ar)alkoxycarbonyl group which is sterically free and is capable of releasing an electron-pair during the reaction.
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von halogenwasserstoffsauren Salzen von N-Carboxyargininanhydrid oder von N-Carboxyhistidinanhydrid Gegenstand der vorliegenden Eirfindung ist ein Ver fahren zur Herstellung von halogenwasserstoffsauren Salzen von N-Carboxyargininanhydrid oder von N-Car- boxyhistidinanhydrid; dieses Verfahren ist dadurch ge kennzeichnet, dass man ein Halogenierungsmittel mit der entsprechenden Aminosäure, deren a-Aminogruppe mit einer Alkoxycarbonyl- oder einer Aralkoxycarbonylgrup- pe substituiert ist, die sterisch frei und fähig ist, während der Umsetzung ein Elektronenpaar abzugeben umsetzt.
Diese erfindungsgemäss erzeugten halogenwasser stoffsauren Salze sind neue Substanzen und zur Herstel lung von Arginin oder Histidin oder diese beiden Amino säuren enthaltenden Peptiden nützlich.
Frühere Versuche, Säureadditionssalze von N-Carbo- xyargininanhydrid herzustellen, waren nicht erfolgreich. Das klassische Verfahren, bei dem N-Carboxyaminosäu- reanhydrid durch Umsetzung einer Aminosäure mit Phosgen gebildet werden, ist mit Arginin vollständig un befriedigend, da praktisch kein gewünschtes Produkt gebildet wird.
Es ist nun gefunden worden, dass die gewünschten Verbindungen durch Umsetzung eines Halogenierungs- mittels mit Arginin oder Histidin bei guter Ausbeute her gestellt werden können, vorausgesetzt dass die a-Amino- funktion der Aminosäure durch ein hemmendes Mittel Gehemmt wird, das sterisch frei und imstande ist, eine positivere Ladung aufzunehmen, indem es im Verlauf der Umsetzung ein Elektronenpaar abgibt.
Die beim erfindungsgemässen Verfahren gewöhnlich verwendeten Halogenierungsmittel umfassen eine be kannte Klasse Halogenierungsmittel vom bei der Her stellung von Säurechloriden und Säurebromiden allge mein verwendeten Typus. Dazu gehören z.B. Thionyl- chlorid und Thionylbromid, Phosphorpentachlorid und Phosphorpentabromid. Unter diesen wird aus Gründen, die nachstehend näher dargelegt werden, Phosphortribro- mid bevorzugt.
Zu den Sperrmitteln, die verwendet werden können Gehören zweckmässig z.B. bis zu 8 Kohlenstoffatomen enthaltende Alkoxycarbonyl- und Aralkoxycarbonyl- Gruppen, die dank der Tatsache, dass das Kohlenstoff atom der Alkoxy- oder Aralkoxy-Gruppe, die an ein Sauerstoffatom gebunden ist, durch mindestens 2 Was serstoffatome substituiert ist, sterisch ungehindert sind. Nicht nur muss dieses Kohlenstoffatom sterisch frei sein, sondern die Gruppe muss imstande sein, durch Abgabe eines Elektronenpaares im Verlauf der Umsetzungen po sitiver zu werden.
Die bevorzugte Alkoxycarbonyl-Grup- pe ist Methoxycarbonyl, da es am leichtesten erhältlich ist, doch können auch andere Alkoxycarbonyl-Gruppen verwendet werden. Typische Alkoxycarbonyl-Gruppen, die sich als Sperrgruppen im erfindungsgemässen Verfah ren eignen, sind z.B. Äthoxycarbonyl-, Propoxycarbonyl, Isobutoxycarbonyl oder Isoamyloxycarbonyl. Die bevor zugte Aralkoxycarbonyl-Gruppe ist Benzoxycarbonyl, doch können auch andere Aralkoxycarbonyl-Gruppen, insbesondere substituierte Benzoxycarbonyl-Gruppen, wie z.B.
Methyl- oder Äthylbenzoxycarbonyl-, Methoxy- oder Äthoxybenzoxycarbonyl- oder Chlor- oder Brom- benzoxycarbonyl-Gruppen, verwendet werden. Substi- tuenten im Benzylteil üben ihre elektronische Wirkung am Günstigsten aus, wenn sie sich in para-Stellung befinden, doch ist dies nicht wesentlich.
Die erwünschten Sperrgruppen sind von den entspre chenden Chloriden oder Bromiden, zweckmässig Benzyl- oxycarbonylchlorid oder Methoxycarbonylbromid, abge leitet. Wird ein Chlorid verwendet, so erhält man ein salz saures Salz. Bromide führen zu Bromwasserstoffsalzen; p-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonylchlorid und ähnliche, bei denen der Substituent in der Benzylgruppe eine starke induktive Wirkung ausübt, können im erfindungsgemässen Verfah ren als Quellen von Sperrgruppen verwendet werden.
Der genaue Verlauf der Umsetzung, durch welche erfindungsgemäss die Verbindungen hergestellt werden, wird nicht ganz verstanden, doch wird angenommen, dass die Umsetzung über eine Zwischenverbindung vor sich geht, die im Fall von durch ein Benzyloxycarbonyl ge sperrtem Arginin, durch folgende Strukturformel darge stellt werden kann:
EMI0002.0000
obwohl kann. Die positive Ladung, die auf einen in der cyclischen Struktur hindeutet, wird durch eine Einbusse an Elektronen der Benzylgruppe neutralisiert, die sich als Carboniumion abspaltet und ihrerseits durch ein Halogenidiom das vom Halogenierungsmittel befreit wird, neutralisiert wird. Die Theorie dieses Mechanismus wird durch die Tatsache erhärtet, dass Benzylchlorid im Verlauf der Umsetzung entwickelt wird.
Es wird einem auch dadurch klarer, warum die Sperrgruppe sterisch frei und imstande sein muss, Elektronen abzugeben. Ist die Gruppe nicht sterisch frei, so wird das Halogenidion daran gehindert, zum aαKohlenstoffatom zu gelangen. Kann die Gruppe keine Elektronen abgeben, so kann die positive Ladung des cyclischen Teils nicht neutrali siert werden. Der Mangel an Nutzen der p-Nitrobenzyl- oxycarbonyl-Gruppe im erfindungsgemässen Verfahren wird auch durch diesen vorgeschlagenen Mechanismus erklärt. Infolge der starken induktiven Wirkung der Ni- trogruppe gibt die Sperrgruppe ihre Elektronen nicht an den cyclischen Teil ab.
Die Umsetzung kann mit oder ohne Lösungsmittel durchgeführt werden. Zu den zweckmässigen Lösungs mitteln gehören aromatische Kohlenwasserstofflösungs mittel, die z.B. bis zu 9 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten wie z.B. Benzol oder Toluol. Bis zu 8 Kohlenstoffatome auf weisende Ätherlösungsmittel, insbesondere cyclische Ätherlösungsmittel, wie z.B. Dioxan oder Tetrahydrofu- ran, eignen sich ebenfalls. Mit Halogenierungsmitteln, wie z.B. Thionylchlorid oder Thionylbromid, kann über schüssiges Reagens als Lösungsmittel dienen.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorlie genden Erfindung wird Phasphortribromid als Haloge- nierungsmittel und Tetrahydrofuran als Lösungsmittel verwendet. Bei dieser Kombination reagiert die Amino säure mit dem Halogenierungsmittel und bildet eine lös liche Zwischenverbindung, und das gewünschte Produkt fällt aus der Lösung aus. Die Reaktion wird mit Vorteil bei Raumtemperatur, d.h. 25 - 35 C, durchgeführt; es erübrigt sich, die Temperatur zu steuern.
Die Umsetzung kan im allgemeinen innerhalb eines weiten Bereiches von Temperaturen, z.B. von etwa Raum temperatur bis etwa 100 C, ausgeführt werden. Bevor zugte Reaktionstemperatur wird anhand von Faktoren wie der Wirkung des Halogenierungsmittels, dem all fällig verwendeten jeweiligen Lösungsmittel und der Men ge Reaktionsteilnehmer ausgewählt. Normalerweise geht die Umsetzung rasch vor sich. Deren Dauer schwankt je nach Faktoren wie den oben erwähnten. Aus Gründen der Zweckmässigkeit wird es vorgezogen, die Umsetzung so rasch wie möglich, z.B.
in etwa 2 - 15 Minuten, durchzuführen, obwohl die Dauer bis zu einer Stunde oder sogar mehr betragen Es können äquimolare Mengen Reaktionsteilnehmer verwendet werden, doch wird es vorgezogen, einen Über- schuss an Halogenierungsmittel zu verwenden, um eine möglichst hohe Ausbeute zu erzielen. Normalerweise wird ein mindestens 10%iger molarer Überschuss an Halogenierungsmittel verwendet, doch ist ein bis SO-fa- cher oder sogar grösserer Überschuss oft nützlich. Wie bereits erwähnt, kann das Halogenierungsmittel als Lö sungsmittel verwendet werden. Mit Thionylchlorid oder Thionylbromid kann die Ausbeute oft gesteigert werden, indem die Umsetzung in zwei Stufen durchgeführt wird.
In der ersten Stufe wird die Umsetzung in einem Lö sungsmittel wie Benzol durchgeführt. Am Ende der Reaktionsperiode wird das Lösungsmittel und überschüs siges Halogenierungsmittel entfernt. Der Rückstand wird in der Regel zerdrückt und die Umsetzung ohne Lösungs mittel wiederholt. Es wird angenommen, dass das Pro dukt in der ersten Stufe auf dem Aminosäure-Ausgangs stoff einen Überzug bildet, der eine Fortsetzung der Um setzung verhindert. Durch Zerdrücken wird dieser Über zug zerbrochen, so dass die Umsetzung in der zweiten Stufe zu Ende geführt wird. <I>Beispiel 1</I> N-Carboxyargininanhydrid-hydrochlorid In 30 mg Natriumbenzyloxycarbonylarginin in 0,25 ml Benzol wird 1 ml Thionylchlorid unter Rühren gege ben. Das Gemisch wird etwa 30 Minuten unter Kratzen und Rühren auf einem Dampfbad erhitzt.
Es wird dann auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt und das Benzol und das überschüssige Thionylchlorid abgegossen. Der Rück stand wird zweimal mit Benzol und einmal mit Petrol äther gewaschen und im Vakuum getrocknet, wobei man N-Carboxyargininanhydrid-hydrochlorid erhält.
Das bromwasserstoffsaure Salz wird in ähnlicher Wei se erzielt, indem das Thionylchlorid durch eine äquiva lente Menge Thionylbromid ersetzt wird.
N-Carboxyhistidinanhydrid-hydrochlorid und N-Car boxyhystidinanhydrid-hydrobromid werden auf dieselbe Weise erhalten. <I>Beispiel 2</I> N-Carboxyargininanhydrid-hydrochlorid 4 g Benzyloxycarbonylarginin werden in etwa 5 ml Benzol suspendiert und 17 ml Thionylchlorid werden beigefügt. Das Gemisch wird eine halbe Stunde bei Raumtemperatur gerührt und das überschüssige Thionyl- chlorid abgegossen. Der Rückstand wird zuerst mit 50 ml Benzol und dann mit 50 ml Hexan gewaschen.
Der gewaschene Rückstand wird bei Raumtempera tur in Vakuum getrocknet, und 20 ml Thionylchlorid werden beigefügt. Das Gemisch wird auf einem Dampf bad auf etwa 80 C erhitzt, das überschüssige Thionyl- chlorid entfernt und der Rückstand mit je 50 ml Benzol und dann Hexan gewaschen.
Das erzielte N-Carboxyar- gininanhydrid-hydrochlorid wird durch Lösung in 10 ml Dimethylformamid@ Ausschleudern des Gemisches, Ab- giessen, Fällen durch Zusatz von 30 ml Äthylacetat, nochmaliges Zentrifugieren und Abgiessen des Lösungs mittels gereinigt. <I>Beispiel 3</I> N-Carboxyhistidinanhydrid-hydrobromid Zu 4 Millimole Benzyloxycarbonylhistidin in 5 ml Tetrahydrofuran werden 8 Millimole Phosphortribromid gegeben; das Gemisch wird bei Raumtemperatur gerührt. Nach etwa 5 Minuten erhält man eine Lösung, die wei tere 5 Minuten gerührt wird.
N-Carboxyhistirinanhydrid hydrobromid fällt aus und wird durch Filtrieren gesam melt.
N-Carboxyhistidinanhydrid-hydrochlorid wird in glei cher Weise hergestellt, indem das Phosphortribromid durch eine äquivalente Menge Phosphortrichlorid ersetzt wird.
Process for the preparation of hydrohalic acid salts of N-carboxyarginine anhydride or of N-carboxyhistidine anhydride The subject matter of the present invention is a process for the preparation of hydrohalic acid salts of N-carboxyarginine anhydride or of N-carboxyhistidine anhydride; This process is characterized in that a halogenating agent is reacted with the corresponding amino acid whose α-amino group is substituted with an alkoxycarbonyl or an aralkoxycarbonyl group which is sterically free and capable of donating a pair of electrons during the reaction.
These hydrohalic acid salts produced according to the invention are new substances and useful for the production of arginine or histidine or peptides containing these two amino acids.
Previous attempts to make acid addition salts of N-carbonxyarginine anhydride have not been successful. The classic process, in which N-carboxyamino acid anhydride is formed by reacting an amino acid with phosgene, is completely unsatisfactory with arginine, since practically no desired product is formed.
It has now been found that the desired compounds can be prepared in good yield by reacting a halogenating agent with arginine or histidine, provided that the α-amino function of the amino acid is inhibited by an inhibiting agent that is sterically free and capable is to take on a more positive charge by releasing an electron pair in the course of the reaction.
The halogenating agents commonly used in the process of the present invention include a known class of halogenating agents of the type generally used in the preparation of acid chlorides and acid bromides. These include e.g. Thionyl chloride and thionyl bromide, phosphorus pentachloride and phosphorus pentabromide. Of these, phosphorus tribromide is preferred for reasons set forth below.
The blocking means that can be used suitably include e.g. Alkoxycarbonyl and aralkoxycarbonyl groups containing up to 8 carbon atoms, which are sterically unhindered thanks to the fact that the carbon atom of the alkoxy or aralkoxy group, which is bonded to an oxygen atom, is substituted by at least 2 hydrogen atoms. Not only does this carbon atom have to be sterically free, but the group has to be able to become more positive by donating an electron pair in the course of the reactions.
The preferred alkoxycarbonyl group is methoxycarbonyl because it is the most readily available, but other alkoxycarbonyl groups can also be used. Typical alkoxycarbonyl groups which are suitable as blocking groups in the process according to the invention are e.g. Ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl or isoamyloxycarbonyl. The preferred aralkoxycarbonyl group is benzoxycarbonyl, but other aralkoxycarbonyl groups, especially substituted benzoxycarbonyl groups such as e.g.
Methyl or ethylbenzoxycarbonyl, methoxy or ethoxybenzoxycarbonyl or chlorine or bromobenzoxycarbonyl groups can be used. Substituents in the benzyl part exert their electronic effect most favorably when they are in the para position, but this is not essential.
The desired blocking groups are derived from the corresponding chlorides or bromides, suitably benzyl oxycarbonyl chloride or methoxycarbonyl bromide. If a chloride is used, an acidic salt is obtained. Bromides lead to hydrogen bromide salts; p-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl chloride and the like, in which the substituent in the benzyl group has a strong inductive effect, can be used as sources of blocking groups in the process according to the invention.
The exact course of the reaction by which the compounds are prepared according to the invention is not fully understood, but it is assumed that the reaction takes place via an intermediate compound which, in the case of arginine blocked by a benzyloxycarbonyl, is represented by the following structural formula can:
EMI0002.0000
though can. The positive charge, which indicates one in the cyclic structure, is neutralized by a loss of electrons of the benzyl group, which splits off as a carbonium ion and is in turn neutralized by a halide id which is freed from the halogenating agent. The theory of this mechanism is supported by the fact that benzyl chloride is evolved in the course of the reaction.
This also makes it clearer why the blocking group must be sterically free and able to donate electrons. If the group is not sterically free, the halide ion is prevented from making its way to the aα carbon atom. If the group cannot donate electrons, the positive charge of the cyclic part cannot be neutralized. The lack of utility of the p-nitrobenzyl oxycarbonyl group in the process of the invention is also explained by this proposed mechanism. Due to the strong inductive effect of the nitro group, the blocking group does not give up its electrons to the cyclic part.
The reaction can be carried out with or without a solvent. Useful solvents include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, e.g. contain up to 9 carbon atoms, e.g. Benzene or toluene. Ether solvents having up to 8 carbon atoms, especially cyclic ether solvents, e.g. Dioxane or tetrahydrofuran are also suitable. With halogenating agents, e.g. Thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide, excess reagent can serve as a solvent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, phosphorus tribromide is used as the halogenating agent and tetrahydrofuran is used as the solvent. In this combination, the amino acid reacts with the halogenating agent to form a soluble intermediate and the desired product precipitates out of solution. The reaction is advantageously carried out at room temperature, i. 25-35 C, performed; there is no need to control the temperature.
The reaction can generally take place over a wide range of temperatures, e.g. from about room temperature to about 100 ° C. The preferred reaction temperature is selected based on factors such as the action of the halogenating agent, the particular solvent used, and the amount of reactants. Implementation is usually quick. Their duration varies depending on factors such as those mentioned above. For the sake of convenience it is preferred to have the implementation as soon as possible, e.g.
in about 2-15 minutes, although the duration can be up to an hour or even more. Equimolar amounts of reactants can be used, but it is preferred to use an excess of halogenating agent in order to achieve the highest possible yield. Usually at least a 10% molar excess of halogenating agent is used, but up to 50 times or even greater excess is often useful. As already mentioned, the halogenating agent can be used as a solvent. With thionyl chloride or thionyl bromide, the yield can often be increased by carrying out the reaction in two stages.
In the first stage, the reaction is carried out in a solvent such as benzene. At the end of the reaction period, the solvent and excess halogenating agent are removed. The residue is usually crushed and the reaction is repeated without a solvent. It is assumed that the product forms a coating on the amino acid starting material in the first stage, which prevents the continuation of the conversion. This coating is broken by crushing, so that the reaction in the second stage is completed. <I> Example 1 </I> N-carboxyarginine anhydride hydrochloride 1 ml of thionyl chloride is added to 30 mg of sodium benzyloxycarbonylarginine in 0.25 ml of benzene with stirring. The mixture is heated on a steam bath with scraping and stirring for about 30 minutes.
It is then cooled to room temperature and the benzene and excess thionyl chloride are poured off. The residue is washed twice with benzene and once with petroleum ether and dried in vacuo, N-carboxyarginine anhydride hydrochloride being obtained.
The hydrobromic acid salt is obtained in a similar manner by replacing the thionyl chloride with an equivalent amount of thionyl bromide.
N-carboxyhistidine anhydride hydrochloride and N-carboxyhystidine anhydride hydrobromide are obtained in the same manner. <I> Example 2 </I> N-carboxyarginine anhydride hydrochloride 4 g of benzyloxycarbonylarginine are suspended in about 5 ml of benzene and 17 ml of thionyl chloride are added. The mixture is stirred for half an hour at room temperature and the excess thionyl chloride is poured off. The residue is washed first with 50 ml of benzene and then with 50 ml of hexane.
The washed residue is dried in vacuo at room temperature, and 20 ml of thionyl chloride are added. The mixture is heated to about 80 ° C. on a steam bath, the excess thionyl chloride is removed and the residue is washed with 50 ml of benzene and then hexane.
The N-carboxyargine anhydride hydrochloride obtained is purified by dissolving it in 10 ml of dimethylformamide, centrifuging the mixture, pouring it off, precipitating it by adding 30 ml of ethyl acetate, centrifuging again and pouring off the solvent. <I> Example 3 </I> N-carboxyhistidine anhydride hydrobromide To 4 millimoles of benzyloxycarbonylhistidine in 5 ml of tetrahydrofuran are added 8 millimoles of phosphorus tribromide; the mixture is stirred at room temperature. After about 5 minutes, a solution is obtained which is stirred for 5 more minutes.
N-carboxyhistirin anhydride hydrobromide precipitates and is collected by filtration.
N-carboxyhistidine anhydride hydrochloride is prepared in the same way by replacing the phosphorus tribromide with an equivalent amount of phosphorus trichloride.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US46931065A | 1965-07-02 | 1965-07-02 | |
| US50497865A | 1965-10-24 | 1965-10-24 | |
| US50498265A | 1965-10-24 | 1965-10-24 | |
| US53854266A | 1966-03-30 | 1966-03-30 | |
| US53856066A | 1966-03-30 | 1966-03-30 | |
| US54435866A | 1966-04-22 | 1966-04-22 | |
| US54438066A | 1966-04-22 | 1966-04-22 | |
| US54585566A | 1966-04-28 | 1966-04-28 | |
| US54586266A | 1966-04-28 | 1966-04-28 | |
| US54585766A | 1966-04-28 | 1966-04-28 | |
| GB27965/66A GB1158721A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-06-22 | Peptide synthesis |
| CH964066A CH495956A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-07-04 | Halomercuri derivs of 2 5-oxadiazolidinediones of basic |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH501654A true CH501654A (en) | 1971-01-15 |
Family
ID=27582895
Family Applications (4)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1854869A CH501672A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-07-04 | Trialkyl-silyl ethers of n-carboxy anhydrides of mono |
| CH1897469A CH501654A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-07-04 | N-carboxy-arginine and-histidine anhydrides |
| CH1897569A CH501655A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-07-04 | N-carboxy-asparagine and glutamine anhydri- |
| CH1854969A CH501653A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-07-04 | Process for the preparation of N-carboxyaspartic anhydride |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1854869A CH501672A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-07-04 | Trialkyl-silyl ethers of n-carboxy anhydrides of mono |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1897569A CH501655A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-07-04 | N-carboxy-asparagine and glutamine anhydri- |
| CH1854969A CH501653A (en) | 1965-07-02 | 1966-07-04 | Process for the preparation of N-carboxyaspartic anhydride |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (4) | CH501672A (en) |
-
1966
- 1966-07-04 CH CH1854869A patent/CH501672A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-07-04 CH CH1897469A patent/CH501654A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-07-04 CH CH1897569A patent/CH501655A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1966-07-04 CH CH1854969A patent/CH501653A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH501672A (en) | 1971-01-15 |
| CH501653A (en) | 1971-01-15 |
| CH501655A (en) | 1971-01-15 |
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