CH575965A5 - Aromatic 1,2-diketone monoacetals - useful as photoinitiators and cross-linking agents - Google Patents
Aromatic 1,2-diketone monoacetals - useful as photoinitiators and cross-linking agentsInfo
- Publication number
- CH575965A5 CH575965A5 CH1129572A CH1129572A CH575965A5 CH 575965 A5 CH575965 A5 CH 575965A5 CH 1129572 A CH1129572 A CH 1129572A CH 1129572 A CH1129572 A CH 1129572A CH 575965 A5 CH575965 A5 CH 575965A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- unsaturated
- carbon atoms
- compounds
- monoacetals
- Prior art date
Links
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 vinyl compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003504 photosensitizing agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N desyl alcohol Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC)(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWVGIHKZDCUPEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzil Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WURBFLDFSFBTLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- MSAHTMIQULFMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenyl-2-propan-2-yloxyethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OC(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MSAHTMIQULFMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RURQFXYDNRAWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenyl-2,2-bis(2-phenylethoxy)ethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CCOC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OCCC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RURQFXYDNRAWNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical group CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 229940052303 ethers for general anesthesia Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIFFKTKUPYOXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diphenyl-2,2-dipropoxyethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCC)(OCCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 VIFFKTKUPYOXJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYMYJUHDFROXOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(prop-2-enoxy)-2,2-bis(prop-2-enoxymethyl)propane Chemical compound C=CCOCC(COCC=C)(COCC=C)COCC=C TYMYJUHDFROXOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWZJGRDWJVHRDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(ethenoxy)butane Chemical compound C=COCCCCOC=C MWZJGRDWJVHRDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)COC=C OZCMOJQQLBXBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIMQKKFOOYOQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethoxy-1,2-diphenylethanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCC)(OCC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GIMQKKFOOYOQGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TURITJIWSQEMDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-[(2-methylprop-2-enoylamino)methyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)NCNC(=O)C(C)=C TURITJIWSQEMDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 JBIJLHTVPXGSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CARNFEUGBMWTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-prop-2-enoxyethoxy)prop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCCOCC=C CARNFEUGBMWTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical group N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SWTCCCJQNPGXLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde di-n-butyl acetal Natural products CCCCOC(C)OCCCC SWTCCCJQNPGXLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000751 azo group Chemical group [*]N=N[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AJCHRUXIDGEWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) butanedioate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)CCC(=O)OC=C AJCHRUXIDGEWDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) (z)-but-2-enedioate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC=C ZPOLOEWJWXZUSP-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004106 butoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfite Chemical compound COS(=O)OC BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- BLCTWBJQROOONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C=C BLCTWBJQROOONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUNCWTMEJYMOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachlorocyclopentadiene Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl VUNCWTMEJYMOOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic anhydride Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013008 thixotropic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(prop-2-enyl) phosphate Chemical compound C=CCOP(=O)(OCC=C)OCC=C XHGIFBQQEGRTPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/30—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with halogen containing compounds, e.g. hypohalogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/70—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
- C07C45/71—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form being hydroxy groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/76—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C49/84—Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/01—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to unsaturated polyesters
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Cpds. are Ar'-CO(Ar2)C(OCH2R')2 (I) and where R' is 1-5 alkyl, 2-3 alkenyl, 7-9C aralkyl, 8-9C aralkenyl or -(CH2)-X (X is halogen, -OR3, -SR3, -OAr3, -SAr3, -OOCR3- or -COOR3) n is 1-3, R2 is -CH2-CH(R)-, -CH2-CH(R)-CH2-, or -(CH2)3, R3 is -1-4C alkyl, R4 is alkyl, R4 is 1-18C alkyl, Ar', Ar2 and Ar3 are phenyl opt tri-substd with halogen, 1-4C alkyl, or O-alkyl, and pref. if Ar1 and/or Ar2 are substd R1 and R4 may be H. Cpds. are useful as photopolymn. initiators and photocrosslinking agents with improved storage stability in the dark, and give rapid initiation and high yields.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von 1,2-Dicarbonylmonoacetalen als Photosensibilisatoren für die Photopolymerisation von polymerisierbaren Verbindungen durch Einwirkung ultravioletter Strahlung, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Monoacetale.
Es ist bekannt, dass man ungesättigte Monomere oder deren Gemische mit ungesättigten Polymeren in Gegenwart geeigneter Sensibilisatoren, wie Carbonylverbindungen, die ein Halogen in a-Stellung zur Carbonylgruppe enthalten, Mercaptanen, aromatischen Disulfiden, Nitrosoverbindungen, Azoverbindungen, Benzoinen und Benzoinäthern photochemisch polymerisieren kann. In der Technik besteht nun ein Bedarf an Sensibilisatoren, die, bei guter Dunkellagerstabilität, die Photopolymerisation rascher auslösen und gleichzeitig eine höhere Polymerausbeute pro Zeiteinheit ergeben, als dies mit den bisher bekannt gewordenen Sensibilisatoren möglich ist. Durch den Einsatz solcher verbesserter Sensibilisatoren würden sich die kostspieligen industriellen UV-Belichtungsanlagen wirtschaftlicher ausnützen lassen.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass 1,2-Dicarbonylmonoacetale der Formel I
EMI1.1
m aer Rt und R2 Alkyl mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, Alkenyl mit
3 und 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, Cycloalkyl mit 6 bis
8 Kohlenstoffatomen, Aralkyl mit 7 bis 9 Kohlen stoffatomen, oder Ru und R2 zusammen Di- oder Trimethylen oder alkylsubsti tuiertes Di- oder Trimethylen, wobei Alkyl 1 bis 18
Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, und R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 und R8 unabhängig voneinander Wasser stoff, Halogen, Alkyl mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffato men, Alkoxy mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen oder
Phenyl bedeuten, überraschenderweise vorteilhafte Sensibilisatoren bei der Photopolymerisation polymerisierbarer Verbindungen oder von deren Gemischen sind.
Die 1,2-Dicarbonylmonoacetale der Formel I sind mit der Ausnahme des Dimethylacetals und des Äthylenglylol- acetals des Benzils neu.
Sie bewirken gegenüber vorbekannten Sensibilisatoren einen rascheren Start der Photopolymerisationsreaktion und ergeben eine höhere Polymerausbeute pro Zeiteinheit. Gleichzeitig weisen sie eine gute Dunkellagerstabilität auf.
In der Formel I bedeuten Ri bis R8 unabhängig voneinander beispielsweise Alkyl mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen.
Es kann sich dabei um Methyl, Äthyl, n-Propyl, iso-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek. Butyl oder tert. Butyl handeln. Rt und R2 können auch Alkenyl mit 3 oder 4 Kohlenstoffatomen wie Propenyl; Cycloalkyl mit 6 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen wie Cyclohexyl oder Cyclooctyl oder Aralkyl mit 7 bis 9 Kohlenstoffatomen wie Benzyl sein. Rt und R2 können zusammen alkylsubstituiertes Di- oder Trimethylen sein, wobei die Alkylsubstituenten 1 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisen. Es kann sich bei diesen Alkylsubstituenten um Methyl, Äthyl, iso-Propyl, Butyl, sec. Butyl, tert. Butyl, Amyl, tert. Amyl, sec. Amyl, Hexyl, Octyl, tert. Octyl, Decyl, Dodecyl, Tetradecyl oder Octadecyl handeln. Die Reste R3 bis R8 können beispielsweise die Bedeutung von Halogen, wie Chlor oder Brom, oder Alkoxy mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen wie Methoxy, Äthoxy, Propoxy oder Butoxy besitzen.
Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel I, in der Rt und Ri Alkyl mit 1 bis 4 Kohlenstoffatomen, Alkenyl mit 3 und 4 Ikohlenstoffatomen, Aralkyl mit 7 bis 9 Kohlenstoffatomen oder Rt und R2 zusammen Trimethylen und R3 bis R8 Wasserstoff bedeuten.
Besonders bevorzugt ist das Dimethylmonoacetal des Benzils. Polymerisierbare Verbindungen sind beispielsweise photopolymerisierbare ungesättigte Monomere, deren Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Doppelbindung durch zum Beispiel Halogenatome oder Carbonyl-, Cyanid-, Ather-, Carboxy-, Ester-, Amid- oder Arylgruppen, sowie Kohlenstoffdoppelbindungen oder Kohlenstoffdreifachbindungen aktiviert sind.
Beispiele dafür sind: Acrylverbindungen, wie die Ester, Amide, Nitrile von a-ss-olefinisch ungesättigten Monocarbonsäuren, wie Acrylsäuremethylesteräthylester, -n- oder -tert.butylester; Methacrylsäurealkylester; Di-(meth)-acrylate von aliphatischen Diolen; Acrylnitril; Methacrylnitril; Acrylamid; Methacrylamid; N,N-disubstituierte Acrylamide und Methacrylamide; Vinylester von Mono- und Polycarbonsäuren: Vinylacetat, Vinylacrylat, Vinylpropionat, Bernsteinsäuredivinyl- ester; Vinyläther von Mono- und Polyhydroxyverbindungen: Isobutylvinyläther, Butandiol-1,4-divinyläther. Styrol, Alkylstyrole, Halogenstyrole, Divinylbenzole, Vinylnaphthalin, N-Vinylpyrrolidon; Vinylchlorid; Vinylidenchlorid.
Ferner Allylverbindungen, wie Allylester von Mono- und Polycarbonsäuren; Diallylphthalat, Diallylmaleat, Triallylisocyanurat, Triallylphosphat; Allyläther von Mono- und Polyhydroxyverbindungen wie Äthylenglycol-diallyläther und Pentaerythrit-tetraallyläther.
Die angeführten Monomeren können allein oder in Mischung mit polymerisierbaren ungesättigten Polymeren mit 1,2-Dicarbonylmonoacetalen photopolymerisiert werden.
Besonders vorteilhaft lassen sich Form- und Überzugsmassen aus auf übliche Weise stabilisierten Gemischen polymerisierbarer, ungesättigter Polymerer, wie ungesättigter Polyester und anpolymerisierbarer ungesättigter Monomerer mit den genannten Photosensibilisatoren photopolymerisieren. Unter ungesättigten Polyestern sind beispielsweise die Polykondensationsprodukte aus a-ss-ungesättigten Dicarbonsäuren oder deren Derivaten mit Polyolen zu verstehen. Beispiele für a,ssungesättigte Dicarbonsäuren oder deren Derivate sind aliphatische a,ss-ungesättigte Dicarbonsäuren, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Fumarsäure, Mesaconsäure, Citraconsäure. Neben den ungesättigten Dicarbonsäuren können zwecks Abstimmung der Ungesättigtkeitsgrade gesättigte bzw. polymerisationsindifferente Dicarbonsäuren mit eingebaut werden.
Beispiele dafür sind die Dicarbonsäuren wie Bernsteinsäure, Sebacinsäure und Phthalsäure, halogenierte Phthalsäureanhydride oder das Anhydrid der 3,6-Endomethylen-t4-tetrahydrophthalsäure sowie das durch Anlagerung von Hexachlorcyclopentadien an Maleinsäureanhydrid erhältliche Anhydrid.
Als Polyole werden für die Herstellung der Polykondensationsprodukte hauptsächlich Glykole wie Äthylenglykol, Propandiol-1,2; Diäthylenglykol, 1,3-Propylenglykol, 1,4-Te tramethylenglykol sowie Triäthylenglykol verwendet.
Weitere Modifikationen sind möglich durch Einbau einbasischer Säuren oder einwertiger Alkohole.
Unter anpolymerisierbaren ungesättigten Monomeren sind die in der Polyestertechnik üblichen ungesättigten Monomeren mit gegebenenfalls in a-Stellung substituierten Vinyl- oder in ss-Stellung substituierten Allylgruppen, vorzugsweise Styrol, zu verstehen.
Formmassen, die mit Verbindungen der Formel I photopolymerisiert werden können, sind beispielsweise sogenannte lufttrocknende Formmassen. Diese enthalten als ungesättigte Monomere ausser ass-ungesättigten Dicarbonsäuren auch ssr- ungesättigte Ätherreste.
Überzugsmassen, die mit Verbindungen der Formel I photopolymerisiert werden können, sind beispielsweise Lacküberzüge aus ungesättigten Monomeren und ungesättigten Polymeren. Diese Lacke kann man auch nach dem sogenannten Aktivgrundverfahren photopolymerisieren. Dabei wird die Überzugsmasse mit dem Photoinitiator auf eine zuvor auf den Untergrund aufgetragene peroxydhaltige Schicht aufgebracht und anschliessend photopolymerisiert.
Die photopolymerisierbaren Verbindungen oder Gemische können durch Zusatz der üblichen thermischen Inhibitoren, die bei der Herstellung von lichtempfindlichen Massen Verwendung finden, stabilisiert sein. Als Beispiel dafür seien Hydrochinon, p-Chinon, p-Methoxyphenol, ss-Naphtylamin, ss Naphtol und Phenole genannt.
Um die inhibierende Wirkung des Luftsauerstoffes auszuschliessen, ist es vorteilhaft, den Überzugsmassen mit den Photosensibilisatoren Paraffine, Wachse oder wachsartige Stoffe zuzusetzen. Diese schwimmen zu Beginn der Photopolymerisation aus und unterbinden so die inhibierende Wirkung des Luftsauerstoffs.
Weiter können Form- und Überzugsmassen geringe Mengen üblicher UV-Absorber zugesetzt werden, ohne dass die Reaktivität der Photosensibilisatoren wesentlich beeinträchtigt wird. Ebenso können die Überzugs- und Formmassen mit geringen Mengen an üblichen Träger- und Füllstoffen sowie sogenannten Thixotropiermitteln, wie Glasfasern, synthetische Fasern, Kieselsäure und Talkum, formuliert sein.
Eine weitere Anwendung der Verbindungen der Formel I liegt in der Vernetzung von photopolymerisierbaren Olefinpolymerisaten mit Hilfe von UV-Strahlen. Unter Olefinpolymerisaten werden in diesem Zusammenhang Polyolefine, wie Hoch- und Niederdruck-Polyäthylen, Polypropylen, Polybutylen, Polyisobutylen und Äthylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymerisate verstanden. Darüber hinaus lassen sich aber auch mit Hilfe der 1,2-Dicarbonylmonoacetale Misch- und Copolymerisate aus Olefinen wie Äthylen, Propylen, Butylen oder Isobutylen durch UV-Bestrahlung vernetzen.
1,2-Dicarbonylmonoacetale sind ausserdem für die Herstellung von photopolymerisierten Elementen, aus denen nach der Belichtung und durch Auswaschen Reliefformen für Druckzwecke hergestellt werden, anwendbar. Als ungesättigte Polymere in photopolymerisierbaren Schichten zur Herstellung von Reliefformen für Druckzwecke sind besonders lineare, synthetische Polyamide geeignet. Photopolymerisierbare ungesättigte Monomere, die in den genannten Polymeren in lichtempfindlichen Schichten zur Herstellung von Reliefformen angewandt werden, sind vorzugsweise solche, die mindestens zwei polymerisierbare olefinische Doppelbindungen und neben den Doppelbindungen noch Amidgruppen enthalten, wie z. B. Methylen-bis-acrylamid, Methylen-bis-methacrylamid sowie Bis-acryl- oder Bis-methacrylamide von Diaminen.
Eine weitere Anwendung der 1 ,2-Dicarbonylmonoacetale als Photosensibilisatoren liegt in der Trocknung von Druckfarben, die ungesättigte Monomere und ungesättigte Polymere enthalten, durch UV-Strahlung. Auf der Grundlage von Bindemitteln mit zum Beispiel konjugierten Doppelbindungen lassen sich Druckfarben herstellen, die unter Einwirkung von UV-Strahlen in sehr kurzer Zeit trocknen. 1,2-Dicarbonylmonoacetale sind besonders geeignete Katalysatoren für die Beschleunigung dieser Photopolymerisationsreaktion.
Die 1,2-Dicarbonylmonoacetale der Formel I werden für die angeführten Anwendungsgebiete zweckmässig in Mengen von 0,1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise von etwa 0,5 bis etwa 2,5 Gewichtsprozent, eingesetzt, und zwar entweder allein oder im Gemisch miteinander.
Als Lichtquellen für die Bestrahlung der die Photosensibilisatoren der Formel I enthaltenden Substrate sind Quecksilbermitteldruck-, Hochdruck- und Niederdruckstrahler sowie superaktinische Leuchtstoffröhren geeignet, deren Emissionsmaxima im Bereich zwischen 30 und 380 m,u liegen.
Die Herstellung der Monoacetale kann beispielsweise nach dem in Chem. Ber. 94, 2258 (1961) für Benzil-dimethylacetal beschriebenen Verfahren durch Umsetzung von Benzil mit Bariumoxid und Methyljodid in Dimethylformamid geschehen. Cyclische Monoacetale können nach dem im Journal of Amer. Chem. Soc. 81, 633 (1959) beschriebenen Verfahren durch Acetalisierung von Benzoin und anschliessende Oxydation mit KMnO4 hergestellt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft erfolgt die Herstellung der Monoacetale aus den jeweiligen Benzilen durch Umsetzung mit Schwefligsäureestern in Gegenwart von starken Säuren, wie es im folgenden für die Herstellung von Benzildimethylacetal beschrieben ist.
Herstellung von Benzildimethylacetal
210,0 g Benzil und 440 g Dimethylsulfit werden bei Rückflusstemperatur in 1000 ml trockenem Methanol gelöst. Bei 60-650 C werden unter Rühren in diese Lösung während 4 Stunden 200,0 g konzentrierte Schwefelsäure eingetropft. Anschliessend wird dieses Reaktionsgemisch weitere 4 Stunden unter Rückfluss gekocht. Nach dieser Zeit zeigt eine Probe im DC (Kieselgel neutral; Laufmittel Toluol/Ligroin 9:1) nur mehr Spuren von Benzil. Die schwach gelbe Lösung wird nun abgekühlt und mit Kaliumcarbonat neutralisiert. Das abgeschiedene Kaliumsulfat wird abgetrennt, das Filtrat zur Abtrennung der restlichen Spuren Benzil mit 2 ml Trimethylphosphit versetzt, 2 Stunden bei Raumtemperatur gehalten und dann zur Trockne verdampft. Der Rückstand wird im Vakuum destilliert.
Bei 140-1410/0,5 mm destilliert das Benzildimethylacetal in Form eines farblosen Öls, welches in der Vorlage kristallisiert. Schmelzpunkt 62-630. Nach diesem Verfahren erhält man Benzildimethylacetal in einer Ausbeute von 85-90 0/0 der Theorie, berechnet auf eingesetztes Benzil.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die erfindungsgemässe Verwendung der Verbindungen der Formel I als Photosensibilisatoren, ohne dass dadurch die Erfindung darauf beschränkt sein soll. Die Temperaturen sind hierin in Celsiusgraden angegeben, Teile bedeuten hierin Gewichtsteile.
Beispiel 1
In 10,0 g frisch destilliertem Acylsäuremethylester werden 0,1 g verschiedener bekannter und erfindungsgemässer Sensibilisatoren gelöst. Diese Lösung wird in einem thermostabil- sierten Wasserbad von 250 C in einem Quarzglasrohr von 1,5 cm Durchmesser mit einem Quecksilberdampf-Hochdruckbrenner belichtet. Die Lampe befindet sich in einem Abstand von 10 cm zum Quarzrohr. Vor der Belichtung wird durch die Lösung des Sensibilisators 1 Minute lang Stickstoff durchgeleitet, und auch während der Belichtung wird das Durchleiten von Stickstoff fortgesetzt. Die während der Belichtung einsetzende Polymerisation des Monomeren gibt sich durch einen Temperaturanstieg der bestrahlten Lösung zu erkennen.
Die Belichtungszeit bis zum Temperaturanstieg in der Lösung wird als Startzeit notiert. Die Belichtungszeit beträgt 20 Sekunden. Sofort nach der Belichtung wird die belichtete Lösung abgekühlt, um eine thermische Polymerisation zu verhindern. Die Lösung des gebildeten Polymerisats im Monomeren wird mit geringen Mengen Essigester in einem Rundkolben gespült und anschliessend werden in einem Rotationsverdampfer das Lösungsmittel und der nicht polymerisierte monomere Anteil abdestilliert. Der polymere Rückstand wird im Vakuumtrockenschrank bei 50-600 getrocknet und dann gewogen.
In der folgenden Tabelle sind die nach der vorgehend beschriebenen Versuchsanordnung mit verschiedenen Sensibilisatoren erhaltenen Mengen an Polyacrylsäuremethylester zusammengestellt.
Tabelle 1
Menge an ge
Startzeit bildetem Poly Gewichtsprozent Sensibilisator in acrylsäure
Sekunden methylester in Gew.- /o 1 Benzoin 11 6,2 1 Benzoinisopropyläther 8 7,7 1 Benzil-dimethylacetal 4 16,1 1 Benzil-diallylacetal 5 5,3 1 Benzil-di(2-phenyläthyl)-acetal 4 14,5
Ohne Photoinitiator liegt die Polymerisationsmenge unter 0,1 /o.
Aus den in Tabelle 1 angeführten Zahlen ist ersichtlich, dass die erfindungsgemässen Photosensibilisatoren gegenüber bekannten Photoinitiatoren die Polymerisation rascher auslösen und höhere Polymerausbeuten ergeben.
Beispiel 2
In der gleichen Versuchsanordnung wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben, werden Lösungen von bekannten und erfindungsgemässen Photosensibilisatoren in Acrylsäuremethylester belichtet. Nach verschiedenen Belichtungsintervallen wird eine aliquote Probe der belichteten Lösung eingedampft und der polymere Rückstand getrocknet und gewogen.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Versuchsreihe sind in der folgenden Tabelle zusammengestellt:
Tabelle 2
Menge an gebildetem Poly acrylsäuremethylester Gewichtsprozent in Gewichtsprozent Sensibilisator nach Sekunden Belichtung
10 20 30
Sekunden Sekunden Sekunden 1 Benzoin - 6,2 11,8 1 Benzoinisopropyläther 4,2 7,7 13,4 1 Benzildimethylacetal 8,0 16,1 26,7
Aus den in Tabelle 2 angeführten Zahlen ist ersichtlich, dass die erfindungsgemässen Photosensibilisatoren gegenüber bekannten Photoinitiatoren die Polymerisation rascher auslösen und höhere Polymerausbeuten ergeben.
Beispiel 3
0,2 Gewichtsteile von bekannten und erfindungsgemässen Photosensibilisatoren werden nach folgender Rezeptur in ungesättigtes Polyesterharz eingearbeitet: 10,0 Teile ungesättigtes Polyesterharz (Polyester auf Maleinat basis mit einem Styrolgehalt von 35 o/o)
0,2 Teile Photosensibilisator
0,1 Teil einer 100/oigen Lösung von Paraffin in Toluol
Diese Mischung wird bis zur vollständigen Lösung gerührt und anschliessend mit einem Filmzieher (500 m,) auf Glasplatten aufgezogen. Die Filme werden mit einer Leuchtstofflampe mit hohem UV-Anteil in einem Abstand von 5 cm belichtet. Nach einer Belichtungszeit von 15 und 20 Minuten wird die Härte der Filme mit einem Pendelgerät bestimmt (Pendelhärte nach König).
Die Resultate dieser Versuchsreihe sind in der folgenden Tabelle dargestellt:
Tabelle 3 Sensibilisator Pendelhärte (nach König) nach Belichtungszeit
15 Minuten 20 Minuten Benzoin 32 55 Benzoinisopropyläther 73 82 B enzildimethylacetal 85 95 Benzildiäthylacetal 83 93 Benzildipropylacetal 81 86 Benzyldibutylacetal 80 90 Benzil-di(2-phenyläthyl)-acetal 77 85
Aus den in Tabelle 3 angeführten Zahlen ist ersichtlich, dass die erfindungsgemässen Photosensibilisatoren gegenüber bekannten Photoinitiatoren die Polymerisation rascher auslösen und höhere Polymerausbeuten ergeben.
Beispiel 4
Bei 250 wird eine 20/obige Lösung von bekannten und erfindungsgemässen Photosensibilisatoren in ungesättigtem Polyesterharz (Polyester auf Maleinatbasis mit einem Styrolgehalt von 35 /0) hergestellt und die Durchflusszeit einer bestimmten Menge dieser Lösung durch eine geeichte Bürette bestimmt.
Hierauf wird die Lösung bei Raumtemperatur im Dunkeln gelagert, und nach 2, 4 und 8 Wochen Lagerzeit wird die Durchflusszeit auf die gleiche Art und Weise bestimmt. Zum Vergleich wird additivfreies Polyesterharz mitgeprüft. Die Resultate dieser Testreihe sind in der folgenden Tabelle dargestellt:
Tabelle 4 Durchflusszeit in Sekunden Sensibilisator zu nach 2 nach 4 nach 8
Beginn Wochen Wochen Wochen Polyesterharz ohne Additiv 275 265 283 278 Benzoin 268 267 284 296 Benzoinisopropyläther 272 278 281 283 Benzildimethylacetal 265 270 280 280
The invention relates to the use of 1,2-dicarbonyl monoacetals as photosensitizers for the photopolymerization of polymerizable compounds by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, as well as a process for the production of the monoacetals.
It is known that unsaturated monomers or their mixtures with unsaturated polymers can be photochemically polymerized in the presence of suitable sensitizers, such as carbonyl compounds which contain a halogen in a position to the carbonyl group, mercaptans, aromatic disulfides, nitroso compounds, azo compounds, benzoins and benzoin ethers. There is now a need in the art for sensitizers which, with good stability in the dark, trigger the photopolymerization more quickly and at the same time give a higher polymer yield per unit of time than is possible with the previously known sensitizers. The use of such improved sensitizers would allow the costly industrial UV exposure systems to be used more economically.
It has now been found that 1,2-dicarbonyl monoacetals of the formula I
EMI1.1
m aer Rt and R2 alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl with
3 and 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with 6 to
8 carbon atoms, aralkyl with 7 to 9 carbon atoms, or Ru and R2 together di- or trimethylene or alkyl-substituted di- or trimethylene, where alkyl is 1 to 18
Has carbon atoms, and R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 independently of one another hydrogen, halogen, alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or
Phenyl are, surprisingly, advantageous sensitizers in the photopolymerization of polymerizable compounds or mixtures thereof.
The 1,2-dicarbonyl monoacetals of the formula I are new, with the exception of the dimethylacetals and the ethylene glycol acetals of benzil.
Compared to previously known sensitizers, they cause the photopolymerization reaction to start more quickly and give a higher polymer yield per unit of time. At the same time, they have good dark storage stability.
In formula I, R 1 to R 8 independently of one another denote, for example, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
It can be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec. Butyl or tert. Act butyl. Rt and R2 can also be alkenyl with 3 or 4 carbon atoms such as propenyl; Cycloalkyl with 6 to 8 carbon atoms such as cyclohexyl or cyclooctyl or aralkyl with 7 to 9 carbon atoms such as benzyl. Rt and R2 together can be alkyl-substituted di- or trimethylene, the alkyl substituents having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. These alkyl substituents can be methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, butyl, sec. Butyl, tert. Butyl, amyl, tert. Amyl, sec. Amyl, hexyl, octyl, tert. Act octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl or octadecyl. The radicals R3 to R8 can, for example, have the meaning of halogen, such as chlorine or bromine, or alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy.
Preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which Rt and Ri are alkyl with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkenyl with 3 and 4 carbon atoms, aralkyl with 7 to 9 carbon atoms or Rt and R2 together are trimethylene and R3 to R8 are hydrogen.
The dimethyl monoacetal of benzil is particularly preferred. Polymerizable compounds are, for example, photopolymerizable unsaturated monomers whose carbon-carbon double bonds are activated by, for example, halogen atoms or carbonyl, cyanide, ether, carboxy, ester, amide or aryl groups, as well as carbon double bonds or carbon triple bonds.
Examples of these are: Acrylic compounds, such as the esters, amides, nitriles of α-ß-olefinically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, such as methyl acrylate ethyl ester, -n- or -tert-butyl ester; Methacrylic acid alkyl ester; Di (meth) acrylates of aliphatic diols; Acrylonitrile; Methacrylonitrile; Acrylamide; Methacrylamide; N, N-disubstituted acrylamides and methacrylamides; Vinyl esters of mono- and polycarboxylic acids: vinyl acetate, vinyl acrylate, vinyl propionate, succinic acid divinyl ester; Vinyl ethers of mono- and polyhydroxy compounds: isobutyl vinyl ether, 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether. Styrene, alkylstyrenes, halostyrenes, divinylbenzenes, vinylnaphthalene, N-vinylpyrrolidone; Vinyl chloride; Vinylidene chloride.
Also allyl compounds, such as allyl esters of mono- and polycarboxylic acids; Diallyl phthalate, diallyl maleate, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl phosphate; Allyl ethers of mono- and polyhydroxy compounds such as ethylene glycol diallyl ether and pentaerythritol tetraallyl ether.
The listed monomers can be photopolymerized with 1,2-dicarbonyl monoacetals alone or in a mixture with polymerizable unsaturated polymers.
Molding and coating compositions composed of mixtures of polymerizable, unsaturated polymers, such as unsaturated polyesters and partially polymerizable unsaturated monomers, stabilized in the customary manner, can be photopolymerized with the photosensitizers mentioned in a particularly advantageous manner. Unsaturated polyesters are to be understood as meaning, for example, the polycondensation products of α-β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives with polyols. Examples of α, β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their derivatives are aliphatic α, β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid. In addition to the unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, saturated or polymerization-indifferent dicarboxylic acids can also be incorporated in order to adjust the degrees of unsaturation.
Examples of these are the dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, sebacic acid and phthalic acid, halogenated phthalic anhydrides or the anhydride of 3,6-endomethylene-t4-tetrahydrophthalic acid and the anhydride obtained by adding hexachlorocyclopentadiene to maleic anhydride.
The polyols used for the production of the polycondensation products are mainly glycols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol; Diethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-Te tramethylene glycol and triethylene glycol are used.
Further modifications are possible by incorporating monobasic acids or monohydric alcohols.
Under-polymerizable unsaturated monomers are to be understood as meaning the unsaturated monomers customary in polyester technology with vinyl groups optionally substituted in the α-position or allyl groups substituted in the β-position, preferably styrene.
Molding compositions which can be photopolymerized with compounds of the formula I are, for example, so-called air-drying molding compositions. As unsaturated monomers, these contain not only ass-unsaturated dicarboxylic acids but also ss-unsaturated ether residues.
Coating compositions which can be photopolymerized with compounds of the formula I are, for example, lacquer coatings made from unsaturated monomers and unsaturated polymers. These lacquers can also be photopolymerized using the so-called active base process. Here, the coating compound with the photoinitiator is applied to a peroxide-containing layer previously applied to the substrate and then photopolymerized.
The photopolymerizable compounds or mixtures can be stabilized by adding the usual thermal inhibitors which are used in the production of photosensitive compositions. Examples are hydroquinone, p-quinone, p-methoxyphenol, ß-naphthylamine, ß-naphtol and phenols.
In order to exclude the inhibiting effect of atmospheric oxygen, it is advantageous to add paraffins, waxes or wax-like substances to the coating compositions with the photosensitizers. These swim out at the beginning of the photopolymerization and thus prevent the inhibiting effect of atmospheric oxygen.
Small amounts of conventional UV absorbers can also be added to molding and coating compounds without the reactivity of the photosensitizers being significantly impaired. The coating and molding compounds can also be formulated with small amounts of customary carriers and fillers and so-called thixotropic agents, such as glass fibers, synthetic fibers, silica and talc.
Another application of the compounds of the formula I is the crosslinking of photopolymerizable olefin polymers with the aid of UV rays. In this context, olefin polymers are understood as meaning polyolefins, such as high-pressure and low-pressure polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. In addition, however, the 1,2-dicarbonyl monoacetals can also be used to crosslink mixed and copolymers of olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene or isobutylene by UV irradiation.
1,2-Dicarbonyl monoacetals can also be used for the production of photopolymerized elements, from which relief forms for printing purposes are produced after exposure and by washing out. Linear, synthetic polyamides are particularly suitable as unsaturated polymers in photopolymerizable layers for the production of relief forms for printing purposes. Photopolymerizable unsaturated monomers which are used in the polymers mentioned in photosensitive layers for the production of relief forms are preferably those which contain at least two polymerizable olefinic double bonds and in addition to the double bonds also contain amide groups, such as. B. methylene-bis-acrylamide, methylene-bis-methacrylamide and bis-acrylic or bis-methacrylamides of diamines.
Another application of 1,2-dicarbonyl monoacetals as photosensitizers is the drying of printing inks, which contain unsaturated monomers and unsaturated polymers, by UV radiation. On the basis of binders with, for example, conjugated double bonds, printing inks can be produced that dry in a very short time under the action of UV rays. 1,2-Dicarbonyl monoacetals are particularly suitable catalysts for accelerating this photopolymerization reaction.
The 1,2-dicarbonyl monoacetals of the formula I are expediently used in amounts of 0.1 to 5 percent by weight, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2.5 percent by weight, for the areas of application mentioned, either alone or in a mixture with one another.
Suitable light sources for irradiating the substrates containing the photosensitizers of the formula I are medium-pressure, high-pressure and low-pressure mercury lamps and superactinic fluorescent tubes, the emission maxima of which are in the range between 30 and 380 μm.
The production of the monoacetals can, for example, according to the method described in Chem. 94, 2258 (1961) for benzil dimethylacetal is done by reacting benzil with barium oxide and methyl iodide in dimethylformamide. Cyclic monoacetals can according to the in the Journal of Amer. Chem. Soc. 81, 633 (1959) described method by acetalization of benzoin and subsequent oxidation with KMnO4. It is particularly advantageous to prepare the monoacetals from the respective benzils by reaction with sulfurous esters in the presence of strong acids, as is described below for the preparation of benzil dimethyl acetal.
Production of benzil dimethyl acetal
210.0 g of benzil and 440 g of dimethyl sulfite are dissolved in 1000 ml of dry methanol at the reflux temperature. At 60-650 ° C., 200.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid are added dropwise to this solution over a period of 4 hours while stirring. This reaction mixture is then refluxed for a further 4 hours. After this time, a sample by TLC (silica gel neutral; mobile phase toluene / ligroin 9: 1) only shows traces of benzil. The pale yellow solution is now cooled and neutralized with potassium carbonate. The precipitated potassium sulfate is separated off, the filtrate is mixed with 2 ml of trimethyl phosphite to separate the remaining traces of benzil, kept at room temperature for 2 hours and then evaporated to dryness. The residue is distilled in vacuo.
At 140-1410 / 0.5 mm, the benzil dimethyl acetal distills in the form of a colorless oil, which crystallizes in the original. Melting point 62-630. This process gives benzil dimethylacetal in a yield of 85-90% of theory, calculated on the benzil used.
The following examples explain the use according to the invention of the compounds of the formula I as photosensitizers, without the invention being restricted thereto. The temperatures are given herein in degrees Celsius, parts here mean parts by weight.
example 1
0.1 g of various known sensitizers according to the invention are dissolved in 10.0 g of freshly distilled methyl acylate. This solution is exposed to a high pressure mercury vapor burner in a heat-stabilized water bath at 250 ° C. in a quartz glass tube 1.5 cm in diameter. The lamp is at a distance of 10 cm from the quartz tube. Nitrogen is bubbled through the solution of the sensitizer for 1 minute before exposure, and the bubbling of nitrogen is continued during exposure. The onset of polymerization of the monomer during the exposure is evident from a rise in temperature of the irradiated solution.
The exposure time until the temperature rises in the solution is noted as the start time. The exposure time is 20 seconds. Immediately after exposure, the exposed solution is cooled to prevent thermal polymerization. The solution of the polymer formed in the monomer is rinsed with small amounts of ethyl acetate in a round-bottom flask and then the solvent and the unpolymerized monomeric fraction are distilled off in a rotary evaporator. The polymer residue is dried in a vacuum drying cabinet at 50-600 and then weighed.
The following table shows the amounts of methyl polyacrylate obtained after the experimental set-up described above with various sensitizers.
Table 1
Amount of ge
Start time formed poly weight percent sensitizer in acrylic acid
Seconds methyl ester in weight / o 1 benzoin 11 6.2 1 benzoin isopropyl ether 8 7.7 1 benzil dimethylacetal 4 16.1 1 benzil diallylacetal 5 5.3 1 benzil di (2-phenylethyl) acetal 4 14, 5
Without a photoinitiator, the amount of polymerization is below 0.1 / o.
From the figures given in Table 1 it can be seen that the photosensitizers according to the invention, compared to known photoinitiators, trigger the polymerization more quickly and give higher polymer yields.
Example 2
In the same experimental arrangement as described in Example 1, solutions of known photosensitizers according to the invention in methyl acrylate are exposed. After various exposure intervals, an aliquot sample of the exposed solution is evaporated and the polymeric residue is dried and weighed.
The results of this series of tests are summarized in the following table:
Table 2
Amount of polyacrylic acid methyl ester formed, percent by weight in percent by weight of sensitizer after seconds of exposure
10 20 30
Seconds Seconds Seconds 1 benzoin - 6.2 11.8 1 benzoin isopropyl ether 4.2 7.7 13.4 1 benzil dimethylacetal 8.0 16.1 26.7
From the figures given in Table 2 it can be seen that the photosensitizers according to the invention trigger the polymerization more rapidly than known photoinitiators and give higher polymer yields.
Example 3
0.2 parts by weight of known photosensitizers according to the invention are incorporated into unsaturated polyester resin according to the following recipe: 10.0 parts of unsaturated polyester resin (polyester based on maleate with a styrene content of 35 o / o)
0.2 parts photosensitizer
0.1 part of a 100% solution of paraffin in toluene
This mixture is stirred until it is completely dissolved and then drawn onto glass plates with a film puller (500 m). The films are exposed to a fluorescent lamp with a high UV component at a distance of 5 cm. After an exposure time of 15 and 20 minutes, the hardness of the films is determined using a pendulum device (König pendulum hardness).
The results of this series of tests are shown in the following table:
Table 3 Sensitizer pendulum hardness (according to Koenig) after exposure time
15 minutes 20 minutes benzoin 32 55 benzoin isopropyl ether 73 82 benzil dimethylacetal 85 95 benzil diethyl acetal 83 93 benzil dipropyl acetal 81 86 benzyl dibutyl acetal 80 90 benzil di (2-phenylethyl) acetal 77 85
It can be seen from the figures given in Table 3 that the photosensitizers according to the invention, compared to known photoinitiators, trigger the polymerization more quickly and give higher polymer yields.
Example 4
At 250, a 20% solution of known and inventive photosensitizers in unsaturated polyester resin (polyester based on maleate with a styrene content of 35/0) is prepared and the flow time of a certain amount of this solution is determined through a calibrated burette.
The solution is then stored at room temperature in the dark, and after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of storage, the flow time is determined in the same way. For comparison, additive-free polyester resin is also tested. The results of this series of tests are shown in the following table:
Table 4 Flow time in seconds Sensitizer closed after 2 after 4 after 8
Beginning weeks weeks weeks polyester resin without additive 275 265 283 278 benzoin 268 267 284 296 benzoin isopropyl ether 272 278 281 283 benzil dimethylacetal 265 270 280 280
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (28)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1129572A CH575965A5 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1972-07-28 | Aromatic 1,2-diketone monoacetals - useful as photoinitiators and cross-linking agents |
| FI2211/73A FI60194C (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-11 | FREQUENCY REFRIGERATION FOR BENSIL MONOKETALER |
| SE7309792A SE417426B (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-12 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF MONOACETALS OF BENZIL |
| CA176,687A CA1054159A (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-17 | Monoacetals of aromatic 1,2-diketones |
| AU58307/73A AU483238B2 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-19 | Monoacetals of aromatic 1, 2-diketones |
| NL7310297A NL7310297A (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-24 | |
| DE2337813A DE2337813C3 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-25 | Process for the preparation of monoacetals of aromatic 1,2-diketones |
| DE2365497A DE2365497C2 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-25 | Benzil monoacetals and their uses |
| DE2365852A DE2365852C3 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-25 | Process for the preparation of monoacetals, aromatic 1,2-diketones |
| SU1953510A SU508173A3 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-26 | Method for preparing mono acetals of aromatic 1,2-diketones |
| DD172542A DD105438A5 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-26 | |
| BR5741/73A BR7305741D0 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-27 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING 1, 2-AROMATIC DICETONE MONOACELLALS |
| GB3584473A GB1390006A (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-27 | Monoacetals of aromatic 1,2-diketones |
| ZA735138A ZA735138B (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-27 | Monoacetals of aromatic 1,2-diketones |
| BE133928A BE802867A (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-27 | MONOACETALS OF 1,2-DICETONES AROMATIC, PREPARATION OF THESE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE, ESPECIALLY AS PHOTO-SENSITIZERS |
| IT27241/73A IT995086B (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-27 | MONOACETALS OF 1 2 AROMATIC DICETONES |
| ES417307A ES417307A1 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-27 | Monoacetals or aromatic 1,2-diketones |
| AT649274A AT324706B (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-27 | SENSITIZERS FOR THE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF POLYMERIZABLE SYSTEMS CONTAINING UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS OR FOR THE PHOTOCHEMICAL CROSSLINKING OF LINEAR POLYMERIZATES |
| FR7327634A FR2194698B1 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-27 | |
| DK416373A DK152726C (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-27 | METHOD FOR PREPARING MONOACETALS OF AROMATIC 1,2-DICETETONS |
| JP48085362A JPS5756456B2 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1973-07-28 | |
| SU742035589A SU751329A3 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1974-06-20 | Method of preparing /co/polymers |
| AT652875A AT341634B (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1975-08-22 | PHOTOPOLYMERIZABLE MIXTURES |
| SE7606164A SE403119B (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1976-06-01 | USE OF BENZIL MONOACETALS AS SENSIBILITIES FOR PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF UNSATURED ASSOCIATIONS |
| DK554777A DK147052C (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1977-12-13 | APPLICATION OF BENZIL MONOACETALS AS SENSIBILIZERS FOR PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF POLYMERIZATION-SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS CONTAINING UNSaturated Compounds |
| US05/919,580 US4190602A (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1978-06-22 | Monoacetals or aromatic 1,2-diketones |
| FI800580A FI58927C (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1980-02-27 | ANVAENDNING AV MONOACETALER AV AROMATISKA 1,2-DIKETONER SAOSOM FOTOSENSIBILISATORER |
| JP55103531A JPS6026483B2 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1980-07-28 | Sensitizer for polymerization-based photopolymerization reactions containing unsaturated compounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1129572A CH575965A5 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1972-07-28 | Aromatic 1,2-diketone monoacetals - useful as photoinitiators and cross-linking agents |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH575965A5 true CH575965A5 (en) | 1976-05-31 |
Family
ID=4372073
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1129572A CH575965A5 (en) | 1972-07-28 | 1972-07-28 | Aromatic 1,2-diketone monoacetals - useful as photoinitiators and cross-linking agents |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6026483B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT324706B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE802867A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7305741D0 (en) |
| CH (1) | CH575965A5 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE403119B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA735138B (en) |
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-
1972
- 1972-07-28 CH CH1129572A patent/CH575965A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1973
- 1973-07-27 BR BR5741/73A patent/BR7305741D0/en unknown
- 1973-07-27 ZA ZA735138A patent/ZA735138B/en unknown
- 1973-07-27 BE BE133928A patent/BE802867A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-07-27 AT AT649274A patent/AT324706B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-06-01 SE SE7606164A patent/SE403119B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1980
- 1980-07-28 JP JP55103531A patent/JPS6026483B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR7305741D0 (en) | 1974-07-18 |
| BE802867A (en) | 1974-01-28 |
| SE7606164L (en) | 1976-06-02 |
| ZA735138B (en) | 1974-07-31 |
| JPS5695904A (en) | 1981-08-03 |
| AT324706B (en) | 1975-09-10 |
| SE403119B (en) | 1978-07-31 |
| JPS6026483B2 (en) | 1985-06-24 |
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