CH652072A5 - Produkt aus polytetrafluoraethylen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung. - Google Patents
Produkt aus polytetrafluoraethylen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH652072A5 CH652072A5 CH888/81A CH88881A CH652072A5 CH 652072 A5 CH652072 A5 CH 652072A5 CH 888/81 A CH888/81 A CH 888/81A CH 88881 A CH88881 A CH 88881A CH 652072 A5 CH652072 A5 CH 652072A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- segments
- polytetrafluoroethylene
- plates
- expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
- close contact
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/12—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
- C08J5/121—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives by heating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
- A61F2/06—Blood vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/36—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles
- B29C53/38—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges
- B29C53/385—Bending and joining, e.g. for making hollow articles by bending sheets or strips at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the article being formed and joining the edges using several sheets to form the circumference
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/006—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor the force created by the liberation of the internal stresses being used for compression moulding or for pressing preformed material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/022—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8253—Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
- B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/49—Internally supporting the, e.g. tubular, article during joining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/826—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/8264—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined using the thermal expansion of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
- B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7371—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable
- B29C66/73711—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented
- B29C66/73712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined oriented or heat-shrinkable oriented mono-axially
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
- B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
- B29C66/73774—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
- B29K2027/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluoroethylene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluoroethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/14—Filters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S138/00—Pipes and tubular conduits
- Y10S138/03—Polytetrafluoroethylene, i.e. PTFE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1328—Shrinkable or shrunk [e.g., due to heat, solvent, volatile agent, restraint removal, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/1328—Shrinkable or shrunk [e.g., due to heat, solvent, volatile agent, restraint removal, etc.]
- Y10T428/1331—Single layer [continuous layer]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/19—Sheets or webs edge spliced or joined
- Y10T428/192—Sheets or webs coplanar
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein aus einer Vielzahl von Einzelsegmenten aus expandiertem Polytetrafluoräthylen zusammengesetztes Produkt, sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.
Polytetrafluoräthylen hat bekanntlich eine ausgezeichnete Wärmebeständigkeit, chemische Beständigkeit, hohen Isolationswiderstand, geringe Adhäsionsneigung und gute Selbstschmiereigenschaften. Dieses Polymere ist auf vielen Gebieten weit verbreitet, z.B. Medizin, Industrie, Sport und Unterhaltung. Zur Herstellung hochgradig poröser, hochfester, geformter Polytetrafluoräthylen-Gegenstände kann man gemäss US-PS 3 953 566 hochkristallines, feines Polyte-trafluoräthylen-PuIver mit einem flüssigen Schmiermittel vermischen, dieses Gemisch durch eine Öffnung mit der gewünschten Querschnittsform hindurch extrudieren und darauf den geformten Gegenstand in einer Richtung oder mehreren Richtungen mit Geschwindigkeiten von mehr als 10%/s expandieren.
Die so hergestellten Erzeugnisse haben in grossem Umfange Anklang gefunden, z.B. in der Industrie, Medizin, Elektrotechnik und Bekleidungsindustrie. Die Anwendbarkeit des Verfahrens der US-PS ist dadurch etwas begrenzt, dass es sich nicht leicht an die Herstellung grosser Gegenstände mit komplexen Querschnitten anpassen lässt. Ein Bedarf für solche Gegenstände besteht z.B. bei industriellen Filtrationsanlagen un in der Gefässchirurgie. Grosse Verbundgegenstände lassen sich zwar durch Verbinden kleinerer Gegenstände herstellen, z.B. durch Nähen, Schweissen oder Kleben, weisen aber an der Verbindungsstelle eine Diskontinuität auf. Das braucht auf vielen Anwendungsgebieten nicht zu stören. Auf anderen Anwendungsgebieten wie z. B. der Filtration und beim Ersatz von Körperteilen ist es jedoch ausserordentlich wichtig, dass die Struktur über den ganzen Gegenstand hinweg so gleichförmig wie möglich ist. So wird z.B. beim genannten Schweissen oder Kleben ein dichter, nichtporöser Bereich erzeugt. Beim Nähen dagegen können Bereiche entstehen, die eine grössere Porosität haben als der übrige Teil des Gegenstands. Die gemäss der US-PS hergestellten Produkte weisen einen Feinbau aus Knötchen und
Fibrillen auf, was bei Filtermedien und Oberflächen besonders erwünscht ist, die mit Blut und anderen Körperflüssig-keiten in Berührung kommen.
Gegenüber diesen bekannten Produkten betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein aus einer Vielzahl von Einzelsegmenten aus expandiertem Polytetrafluoräthylen zusammengesetztes Produkt, bei welchem jedes der Segmente einen Feinbau aus durch Fibrillen verbundenen Knötchen hat, derart dass der Feinbau an der Verbindungsstelle virtuell ununterbrochen ist.
Weiter betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Produkte. Es besteht im Verbinden von Segmenten kleinerer Gegenstände. Letztere werden dicht zusammengehalten, und ihre Temperatur wird über die kristalline Schmelztemperatur der Segmente erhöht. Man lässt sie dann unter die kristalline Schmelztemperatur, z.B. auf Raumtemperatur, abkühlen. Im Verbindungsbereich bleibt so der genannte Feinbau virtuell ununterbrochen.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des Erfindungsgegenstandes sind nachstehend anhand der Zeichnungen näher beschrieben, dabei zeigen:
Fig. 1 ein grosses, aus kleinen Teilen zusammengesetztes Polytetrafluoräthylen-Rohr schematisch; und
Fig. 2 bis 4b elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen verschiedener Rohroberflächen.
Das Verbinden von zwei Polytetrafluoräthylen-Teilen, indem letztere in Berührung miteinander gehalten und über die kristalline Schmelztemperatur des Polytetrafluoräthylens erhitzt werden, ist bekannt. Das hat jedoch allgemein zu einer festen, nicht-porösen Verbindungsstelle geführt. Hier wird jedoch der genannte Feinbau beider Polytetrafluor-äthylen-Teile über die Verbindungsstelle hinweg virtuell ununterbrochen gelassen, d.h. es wird ein Produkt ohne veränderten, z.B. nicht porösen Nahtbereich, hergestellt. Im folgenden wird mit «Rand» der zu verbindende Abschnitt des expandierten Polytetrafluoräthylen-Gegenstands und mit «Naht» der so verbundene Bereich bezeichnet. Der Gegenstand kann jede beliebige Querschnittsform haben z.B. wie ein Rohr, ein Stab, eine Platte oder ein Segment. Als Rohr, Stab, Platte, Segment und dergleichen Formen kann Polyte-trafluoräthylen-Material z.B. «Gore-Tex» von W.L. Gore & Ass. Inc. Elkton, Maryland (USA) bezogen werden. Die zu Verbindenden Gegenstände werden auf die erforderliche Grösse zugeschnitten. Dabei ist sorgfaltig sicherzustellen, dass die zu verbindenden Ränder sauber sind, d.h. weder aufgerauht noch schmutzig. Die beiden Ränder werden dann so weit wie möglich einander genähert, d.h. in enge Berührung miteinander gebracht.
Wenn expandiertes Polytetrafluoräthylen über seine kristalline Schmelztemperatur erhitzt wird, ohne es abzustützen, hat das Material das Bestreben zu schrumpfen und zu einer festen Masse zusammenzufallen. Es müssen daher mechanische Mittel verwendet werden, um sicherzustellen, dass die beiden zu verbindenden Gegenstände während des Erwärmens miteinander in Berührung bleiben.
So kann z.B. ein grosses Rohr aus Platten 4 oder Abschnitten einer Anzahl von kleineren Rohren hergestellt werden. Die Platten 4 werden an ihren Rändern 6a, 6b vorbehandelt, um sicherzustellen, dass diese Ränder sauber sind, d.h. weder aufgerauht noch schmutzig. Dann werden die Platten 4 um einen Dorn 2 gelegt. Die Ränder 6a, 6b jeder Platte 4 stossen dicht an die Ränder 6a oder 6b der Nachbarplatte an. Die Enden A, B der Platten werden an diesen Stellen am Dorn 2 fixiert. Das kann auf verschiedenen Wegen erfolgen, z.B. mittels Spannbändern oder Draht, um die Platten am Dorn festzubinden. Auf diese Weise soll verhindert werden, dass sich das Polytetrafluoräthylen beim Erhitzen in Längsrichtung zurückzieht.
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Ein Streifen aus expandiertem Polytetrafluoräthylen, z.B. Gore-Tex Expanded Filament (1,9 cm breit, Matrix-Festigkeit in Längsrichtung 4'900 kp/cm2) wird spiralförmig um die Platten 4 am Dorn 2 gewickelt und am Ende des Dorns 2 befestigt, damit er sich nicht abwickeln kann. Beim Erhitzen schrumpft diese Hülle, übt auf die Platten 4 Druck aus und hält die Ränder 6a, 6b in enger Berührung miteinander. Es gibt noch andere Wege, um die Ränder der Platten während des Erhitzens mechanisch zurückzuhalten und miteinander in Berührung zu halten, der beschriebene Weg wird jedoch bevorzugt.
Wesentlich ist, dass während des Sinterns senkrecht zur Naht irgendeine Kraft wirken muss. Wenn sich der um das Rohr gewickelte Film zusammenzieht, liefert er die nötige Kraft.
Zum Erwärmen des umwickelten Rohrs können ein Salzbad, ein Luftofen, ein Strahler oder andere Heizvorrichtungen verwendet werden. Ein Salzbad enthält z.B. ein Natriumnitrit-Nitrat-Gemisch und wird auf einer Temperatur oberhalb der kristallinen Schmelztemperatur der Segmente gehalten. Man entfernt dann das Rohr, bei seiner Abkühlung muss es jedoch noch immer zurückgehalten werden. Die Erwärmungsdauer ändert sich in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Materialmenge und den Harzeigenschaften. Die genaue Zeit zur Herstellung einer optimalen Bindung hängt von einer Anzahl von Faktoren ab wie z.B. die Materialmenge und die Konfiguration der herzustellenden Form. Diese Zeit lässt sich jedoch mit einem Mindestmass von Erfahrung leicht bestimmen. Die im folgenden beschriebene Ausgestaltung lässt sich für eine Vielzahl von Formen und Grössen anwenden, wobei es wichtig ist, einen virtuell ununterbrochenen Feinbau quer über jede Verbindungslinie oder Naht aufrecht zu erhalten.
Beispiel 1
Aus gemäss US-PS 3 953 566 hergestellten Rohren mit 20 mm Innendurchmesser wurden drei 120°-Segmente von 6,5 cm Länge abgetrennt. Das Polytetrafluoräthylen-Mate-rial war «Fluon 123» (ICI USA), das in Pulverform im Handel ist. Die drei Segmente wurden sorgfaltig vorbehandelt, um die Sauberkeit der Stossränder sicherzustellen und dann sorgfältig um ein glattes Rohr gelegt (20 mm Aussendurch-messer, rostfreier Stahl). Die Segmente wurden so angeordnet, dass sie dicht aneinanderstiessen. Sie wurden dann spiralförmig mit einem 1,9 mm breiten Streifen aus einem gemäss US-PS 3 962 153 hergestellten, expandierten Polytetra-fluoräthylen-Film umwickelt (Matrix-Festigkeit 4'900 kp/ cm2).
Der Dorn wurde dann 12 min in einem Luftofen auf 380 CC erwärmt. Nach der Entnahme aus dem Luftofen kühlte sich der Dorn auf Raumtemperatur ab, wonach das gebildete Polytetrafluoräthylen-Rohr sorgfältig vom Dorn abgezogen wurde. Im vorliegenden Falle wurde der Wickelfilm sorgfältig vom Rohr entfernt, um die Struktur an der Naht mit dem Elektronenmikroskop untersuchen und fotografieren zu können.
Fig. 2 zeigt unter einem Winkel eine dieser Nähte. Der obere Abschnitt 10 ist eine topografische Ansicht der inneren Oberfläche des Rohrs. Der obere Abschnitt 12 zeigt das Rohr im Querschnitt. In Fig. 2 verläuft die Naht von X-nach Y. Die Vergrösserung ist 146:1.
Fig. 3a zeigt die innere Oberfläche des Rohrs. Die Naht verläuft von X nach Y. Die Vergrösserung ist 122:1. Fig. 3b zeigt den Ausschnitt aus Fig. 3a. Die Naht verläuft von X nach Y. Die Vergrösserung ist 610:1.
Fig. 4a zeigt die äussere Oberfläche des gemäss dem Beispiel 1 hergestellten Rohrs nach der Entfernung des Films. Die Naht verläuft von X nach Y, und die Vergrösserung ist 90:1. Fig. 4b zeigt den Ausschnitt aus Fig. 4a. Die Naht verläuft von X nach Y, und die Vergrösserung ist 450:1.
Es überrascht, dass, wie alle diese elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen zeigen, der Feinbau aus Knötchen und Fibrillen über die Naht hinweg virtuell ununterbrochen ist. Das Verfahren lässt sich ohne grosse Schwierigkeiten auf Rohre mit Durchmessern von mehreren Dezimetern übertragen sowie auf nicht-rohrförmige Querschnitte jeder Art.
Beispiel 2
Platten aus einachsig expandiertem Polytetrafluoräthylen und einer Dicke von 0,1 bis über 2,5 mm können folgender-massen miteinander verbunden werden: Zuerst werden die Platten in ihrer Expansionsrichtung zurückgehalten. Dann lässt man sie am Ort zwischen 1,6 mm dicken Platten aus Silikonkautschuk (Durometerhärte 60) aneinanderstossen. Zum Beispiel befinden sich dabei zwei Kautschukplatten auf jeder Seite des Polytetrafluoräthylens, die nicht ganz miteinander zusammenstossen, so dass eine Lücke von etwa 0,25 mm entsteht, was der Naht in den Polytetrafluoräthy-len-Platten entspricht. Dann werden die Polytetrafluoräthy-len-Platten und Kautschuk-Platten in eine Presse gebracht, deren Platten auf etwa 380 °C erhitzt sind. Die Presse könnte geschlossen werden, um einen sehr schwachen Druck auf die Platten auszuüben, die auf dem Kautschuk sitzen. Das würde die nötige, senkrecht zur Naht wirkende Kraft liefern, dieses Mal in einer ebenen Konfiguration. Nach einer angemessenen Zeitspanne, z.B. etwa 15 min, könnten die elektrischen Heizvorrichtungen der Presse abgeschaltet und die Platten mit einem Druckluftstrom gekühlt werden. Nach dem Abkühlen der Platten auf Raumtemperatur kann der Druck aufgehoben werden. Schliesslich können die Platten herausgenommen werden.
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Claims (3)
1. Aus einer Vielzahl von Einzelsegmenten aus expandiertem Polytetrafluoräthylen zusammengesetztes Produkt, bei welchem jedes der Segmente einen Feinbau aus durch Fibrillen verbundenen Knötchen hat, derart dass der Feinbau an der Verbindungsstelle virtuell ununterbrochen ist.
2. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Produktes nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte:
a) Bewirken, dass die einzelnen Segmente aus expandiertem Polytetrafluoräthylen durch mechanische Mittel in enger Berührung gehalten werden,
b) Bewirken, dass die Segmente in jeder Richtung daran gehindert werden, zu schrumpfen,
c) Erhitzen der so gehaltenen Segmente auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der kristallinen Schmelztemperatur der Segmente und anschliessend d) Abkühlenlassen der Segmente unter deren kristalline Schmelztemperatur, wobei sie immer noch in enger Berührung gehalten werden.
2
PATENTANSPRÜCHE
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Segmente durch deren sorgfältiges Anlegen rund um einen Dorn und spiralförmiges Umhüllen der so gebildeten Schichten mit einer Hülle aus expandiertem Polytetrafluoräthylen in enger Berührung gehalten werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/121,365 US4283448A (en) | 1980-02-14 | 1980-02-14 | Composite polytetrafluoroethylene article and a process for making the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH652072A5 true CH652072A5 (de) | 1985-10-31 |
Family
ID=22396215
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH888/81A CH652072A5 (de) | 1980-02-14 | 1981-02-10 | Produkt aus polytetrafluoraethylen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4283448A (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS5746835A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT386416B (de) |
| AU (1) | AU541290B2 (de) |
| BE (1) | BE887501A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR8100852A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1165080A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH652072A5 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE3104037C2 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK156419C (de) |
| FI (1) | FI72920C (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2475974B1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB2068827B (de) |
| GR (1) | GR73849B (de) |
| IN (1) | IN155688B (de) |
| IT (1) | IT1135417B (de) |
| NL (1) | NL185906C (de) |
| NO (1) | NO810506L (de) |
| SE (1) | SE448968B (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA81678B (de) |
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| FR2644103B1 (fr) * | 1989-03-10 | 1995-01-13 | Eberle Jean Marie | Procede de fabrication d'un corps d'un emballage tubulaire, emballage ainsi obtenu et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
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1980
- 1980-02-14 US US06/121,365 patent/US4283448A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1981
- 1981-01-23 SE SE8100407A patent/SE448968B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-02 ZA ZA00810678A patent/ZA81678B/xx unknown
- 1981-02-05 DE DE3104037A patent/DE3104037C2/de not_active Expired
- 1981-02-05 GB GB8103585A patent/GB2068827B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-05 DE DE3153231A patent/DE3153231C2/de not_active Expired
- 1981-02-10 CH CH888/81A patent/CH652072A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-10 AU AU67146/81A patent/AU541290B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-02-11 IT IT19659/81A patent/IT1135417B/it active
- 1981-02-12 NL NLAANVRAGE8100672,A patent/NL185906C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-12 BR BR8100852A patent/BR8100852A/pt unknown
- 1981-02-12 GR GR64113A patent/GR73849B/el unknown
- 1981-02-12 BE BE0/203784A patent/BE887501A/fr unknown
- 1981-02-13 FI FI810449A patent/FI72920C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-13 NO NO810506A patent/NO810506L/no unknown
- 1981-02-13 DK DK063581A patent/DK156419C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-13 CA CA000370903A patent/CA1165080A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-13 IN IN167/CAL/81A patent/IN155688B/en unknown
- 1981-02-13 JP JP56019161A patent/JPS5746835A/ja active Granted
- 1981-02-13 FR FR8102848A patent/FR2475974B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-02-16 AT AT0071181A patent/AT386416B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6714681A (en) | 1981-08-20 |
| ATA71181A (de) | 1988-01-15 |
| AU541290B2 (en) | 1985-01-03 |
| IT1135417B (it) | 1986-08-20 |
| DK156419C (da) | 1990-01-22 |
| FI72920C (fi) | 1987-08-10 |
| NL8100672A (nl) | 1981-09-16 |
| NL185906B (nl) | 1990-03-16 |
| JPS6315904B2 (de) | 1988-04-06 |
| DK156419B (da) | 1989-08-21 |
| SE448968B (sv) | 1987-03-30 |
| DE3104037A1 (de) | 1981-12-24 |
| NL185906C (nl) | 1990-08-16 |
| FR2475974A1 (fr) | 1981-08-21 |
| IN155688B (de) | 1985-02-23 |
| FI810449L (fi) | 1981-08-15 |
| CA1165080A (en) | 1984-04-10 |
| JPS5746835A (en) | 1982-03-17 |
| NO810506L (no) | 1981-08-17 |
| AT386416B (de) | 1988-08-25 |
| FR2475974B1 (fr) | 1985-06-21 |
| FI72920B (fi) | 1987-04-30 |
| IT8119659A0 (it) | 1981-02-11 |
| BR8100852A (pt) | 1981-08-25 |
| GB2068827A (en) | 1981-08-19 |
| ZA81678B (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| GB2068827B (en) | 1983-09-21 |
| GR73849B (de) | 1984-05-07 |
| DE3104037C2 (de) | 1986-02-27 |
| BE887501A (fr) | 1981-06-01 |
| SE8100407L (sv) | 1981-08-15 |
| DK63581A (da) | 1981-08-15 |
| US4283448A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
| DE3153231C2 (de) | 1987-05-21 |
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