CN100522425C - 可转位切削刀片及其制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种切削刀片,包括超硬材料或超硬材料和硬质合金的主体、贯穿所述主体的孔以及所述孔中的预留孔嵌体以允许刀片固定到刀架。还公开了制造该切削刀片的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有由超硬研磨材料制成的切削刃的切削刀片,以及制造该切削刀片的方法。
背景技术
在下面的本发明的背景技术的描述中,将参考某些结构和方法,但是,在适用的法律规定下,不必将这样的参考理解为承认这些结构和方法为现有技术。申请人保留证明任何参考的题材不构成关于本发明的现有技术的权利。
使用超硬材料切削的可转位切削刀片通常具有多边形形状,在该多边形的角设置有超硬材料。超硬材料,通常为立方氮化硼或多晶金刚石材料帮助坚硬工件如金属的切削。这些切削刀片通常安装在相对切削工具的固定位置,使得包含超硬材料的一个角或区域设置于工件的表面。当使用一段时间之后,超硬材料的该区域变得磨损的。然后该切削刀片可从切削工具松开并旋转,使得超硬材料的一新角或区域设置于工件的表面。
制造这种刀片有两种主要的方法。根据一种工艺,形成多层结构,它包括第一层硬质衬底材料和重叠在该衬底层之上的一层超硬切削材料。然后割尖从该多层结构切下并钎焊到切削刀片的主体上,通常在切削刀片的角上。授予Kuroyama等人的美国专利No.5,183,362说明了这种工艺,其公开在此整体作为参考被引用。
用于形成可转位切削刀片的第二种工艺包括提供具有充满超硬材料的袋的毛坯或基底,然后使毛坯经过烧结操作,使超硬材料结合到基底上。然后后续加工该毛坯以给出切削刀片的最终形状,即具有超硬材料设置于角上的大致多边形主体。美国专利No.5,676,496说明了这种工艺,其公开在此整体作为参考被引用。
通常,这种包含超硬材料的刀片通过外夹持器(如上夹持器)固定就位。如见美国专利5,183,362附图25,其示出了具有预制成的、单独的断屑槽的上夹持器。与其它类型的切削刀片一起使用的另一类型的夹紧包括使用螺钉,该螺钉通过通常在该刀片中心的孔。这种孔可为直的或包括偏移部分以帮助固定该刀片。如见美国专利5,147,158,其揭示了用于固定目的的横截面为“喇叭”形的夹紧孔。激光切削或EDM(电火花加工)用来切削超硬材料,并且应了解超硬材料中“喇叭”形孔的加工做起来是十分困难且昂贵的。此外,这种切削的精度也是成问题的。
在美国专利6,120,570中,公开了一种制造超硬材料的切削刀片的方法,该超硬材料通过高温高压烧结到硬质合金底座上。同时孔通过使用塞子形成于刀片中,该塞子优选地由与底座相同的硬质合金制成,并且其不与刀片结合而是在烧结之后去掉。在美国6,120,570的图3中,孔示出为朝刀片底部的锥形。
美国专利5,536,119示出了一种常规切削刀片,其中通孔具有大致为圆柱形的上部而其余部分以凸圆拱表面形式向下逐渐变细。
因此,在本技术领域中存在解决以上讨论的及其它问题的需求。
发明内容
本发明提供了针对解决上述问题的装置和方法及其他。
本发明提供了改进的可转位切削刀片以及生产该刀片的改进的方法。
根据本发明的一方面提供了一种切削刀片,该切削刀片包括超硬材料或连接到硬质合金的超硬材料的基础部分,基础部分具有用于夹紧所述刀片的孔,其中有嵌体连接到所述基础部分,使得所述孔形成在该嵌体中。
在另一实施例中,提供了制造切削刀片的方法,包括:
形成一层超硬材料;
将所述层连接到超硬材料或硬质合金基底上;
形成贯穿所述层的孔;以及
将预留孔嵌体连接到所述孔内。
附图说明
图1A是毛坯俯视图而图1B是根据本发明原理制造的成品切削刀片的俯视图。
图2A是毛坯侧视图而图2B是图2A的成品切削刀片的侧视图。
图3A至3F是根据本发明原理的其它实施例的俯视图。
图4A和4B是根据本发明原理的另一实施例的侧视图。
图5A至D是根据本发明原理的另一实施例的侧视图。
图6A和6B是根据本发明原理的又一实施例的侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图说明根据本发明的示例布置和工艺。
根据本发明,毛坯由超硬切削材料制成。该毛坯也可由至少一种硬质材料和至少一种超硬切削材料制成。该后一种毛坯的例证性实施例如图1A、1B、2A及2B所示。如其所示,毛坯10包括超硬材料的顶层或部分11和硬质材料的底层或部分12。尽管毛坯10示出具有类似多边形的形状,显然其它几何形状如圆形也是可以的。
通常,该超硬切削材料与硬质材料使用常规的高压高温工艺烧结在一起,以形成盘形实体。这种工艺是常规的且在例如美国专利5,676,496中公开。当主体仅由超硬材料制成时,该主体可一步形成。其它合适处理的实施例在如美国专利No.4,991,467和5,115,697中说明,其公开在此整体作为参考引用。然后该毛坯的具体形状可通过如电火花加工(EDM)由圆盘切割成。在加压加工和烧结过程中形成至少一个毛坯孔13但优选地在处理之后加工。毛坯顶部部分和底部部分中的毛坯孔内壁形成分界面17。
在图1B和2B所示的实施例中,毛坯孔的形状由预留孔嵌体14限定出来,该预留孔嵌体14安装,优选地连接到或最优选地钎焊到刀片中的分界面内的毛坯孔13中的适当位置。应了解该孔嵌体14可预制成用于最终安装所需的任何具体形状。通过用于选取材料的任何适当工艺,如通过加压加工或烧结硬质合金预制成孔嵌体14,可精确且较容易地制成各种形状。孔嵌体14可由任何合适的材料如钢、粉末冶金成型钢等制成,但优选地由硬质合金制成。最优选地,孔嵌体14的硬质合金与层12的硬质合金相同。如需要,断屑几何结构可形成(如通过EDM)于超硬层的适当表面。
应了解毛坯孔13应延伸贯穿整个主体,但孔嵌体14不一定贯穿整个主体,只要当刀片安装在刀架上时该孔嵌体14为安装装置(未示出)提供需要的安装支架。例如,当切削刀片为双面时,可使用两个孔嵌体以形成合适的安装支架。此外,可以有多个孔嵌体,其中一些不会全程延伸贯穿主体。
如图2所示,孔嵌体14优选地预制成这样的形状,其中内壁15从超硬层11的顶部朝硬质材料12的底部以大致圆锥形形式聚合。这种设计有助于当将刀片连接到刀架上时,将螺钉(未示出)牢固地固定在夹紧孔内。应了解夹紧孔还具有适合于其它夹紧系统的设计,例如圆柱形的夹紧孔。
图3示出了其它变体,其中孔嵌体的形状不同于如图1A和2A中的圆形。这些变体如图3A至3F所示。在图3A至3F中,切削刀片从顶部示出,其中超硬材料11和孔嵌体14的顶层可见。熟练的技工要理解的是,如果需要,也可使用其它形状。在所有示出的实例中,夹紧孔16是圆的并大致为圆锥形的,但其它形状也是可行的。
图4A和4B示出了本发明的其它实施例,其中孔嵌体14的长度从刀片底面向下延伸。在该实例中,刀片为单面刀片。如所示那样,底部部分18优选地具有非圆形的形状,该形状对应于刀架(未示出)中的空腔,用来将刀片更牢固地固定在刀架中。尽管未示出,要理解的是夹紧孔可延伸贯穿底部部分18。图4A示出了这样的实施例,其中超硬层11仅设置于刀片上部,14表示嵌体,而图4B示出了超硬层从刀片顶部延伸到底部的刀片。
图5A和5B示出了双面刀片,其中孔嵌体14的长度延伸超出刀片的顶面和底面(图5B)或形成于顶面和底面中(图5A)。图5C示出了毛坯孔13的轴线x—x不垂直于切削刀片20的平面轴线y—y的刀片。如需要,毛坯孔13的轴线x—x可不平行于夹紧孔嵌体14的轴线z—z(图5D)。孔嵌体中的空腔应对应于刀架的突出部分(图5A)且反之亦然(图5B),并且如果需要,该空腔可由至少两个预制成的部分制成(未示出)。
图6示出了本发明的实施例,其中在毛坯孔中或贯穿整个主体,孔嵌体14的外壁优选地形成为具有圆锥形壁的圆锥形形状。在图6A中,孔嵌体14的壁和毛坯孔的壁是对齐的。在图6B中,孔嵌体14的壁和毛坯孔的壁具有不同的锥度,从而该一个或两个壁可为圆柱形的。
硬质材料12可由任何合适的硬质材料制成。合适材料的实例包括硬质合金、金属陶瓷以及高强度合金。一种合适的合成物为具有6至20wt%钴的钨钴硬质合金。各种优选实施例可包含9至11wt%的钴或15至17wt%的钴。
超硬材料11可包括因为其切削性能而选择的任何合适的材料。例如,其可包括多晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)、多晶金刚石材料(PCD)或基于氮化硅和/或氧化铝的陶瓷。超硬材料也可以添加有其它材料,如碳化物、氮化物、碳氮化物、氧化物、和/或从元素周期表的IVa至VIa族选择的金属的硼化物。
本发明说明的实施例规定为例证性的而非限制性的,并且未规定为说明本发明的每一个可行的实施例。在不偏离如下面权利要求,包括文字和由法律认可的等价物阐述的本发明主旨和范围的情况下可对公开的实施例作出各种改进。
Claims (18)
1.一种切削刀片,包括超硬材料或连接到硬质合金的超硬材料的基础部分,该基础部分具有毛坯孔,其中有嵌体连接到所述基础部分,使得在该嵌体中形成用于夹紧所述刀片的孔,且所述嵌体由硬质合金构成。
2.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其中所述基础部分包括硬质合金,且所述超硬材料层通过烧结连接到所述硬质合金上。
3.如权利要求2所述的切削刀片,其中所述孔嵌体主体通过钎焊连接到所述基础部分上。
4.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其中所述超硬材料是立方氮化硼或者多晶金刚石。
5.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其中所述超硬层包括断屑部分。
6.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其中所述孔嵌体的一部分设置于所述基础部分之下。
7.如权利要求6所述的切削刀片,其中所述部分的形状适于配合到用于所述刀片的刀架的具有对应形状的一部分中。
8.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其中所述孔嵌体的一部分具有这样的形状,该形状适于配合到用于所述刀片的刀架的具有对应形状的一部分中。
9.如权利要求8所述的切削刀片,其中所述孔嵌体的所述部分设置于所述刀片的顶部。
10.如权利要求9所述的切削刀片,其中所述孔嵌体的所述部分设置于所述刀片的底部。
11.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其中所述毛坯孔的中心轴线不垂直于该刀片的平面轴线。
12.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片,其中所述嵌体的中心轴线不平行于所述毛坯孔的轴线。
13.用于制造切削刀片的方法,包括:
形成一层超硬材料;
将所述层连接到超硬材料或硬质合金基底上;
形成贯穿所述层的孔;以及
将预制孔嵌体连接到所述孔内,所述孔嵌体由硬质合金构成。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述预制孔嵌体具有圆锥形状的通孔。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述基底是硬质合金,所述层通过烧结连接到所述基底。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述预制孔嵌体通过钎焊连接。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述层和所述基底都由超硬材料制成。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述预制孔嵌体的一部分具有这样的形状,该形状适于配合到所述刀片的刀架的具有对应形状的空腔中。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/857,922 US20050271483A1 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2004-06-02 | Indexable cutting inserts and methods for producing the same |
| US10/857,922 | 2004-06-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1964807A CN1964807A (zh) | 2007-05-16 |
| CN100522425C true CN100522425C (zh) | 2009-08-05 |
Family
ID=35428366
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800181006A Expired - Fee Related CN100522425C (zh) | 2004-06-02 | 2005-06-02 | 可转位切削刀片及其制造方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20050271483A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1755812B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4988566B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101280880B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100522425C (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2005118188A2 (zh) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20070015435A (ko) | 2007-02-02 |
| US20060147280A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| US20050271483A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
| WO2005118188A2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| JP4988566B2 (ja) | 2012-08-01 |
| KR101280880B1 (ko) | 2013-07-03 |
| EP1755812A2 (en) | 2007-02-28 |
| US7407348B2 (en) | 2008-08-05 |
| CN1964807A (zh) | 2007-05-16 |
| EP1755812B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
| JP2008501539A (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
| WO2005118188A3 (en) | 2006-01-26 |
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