CN101021202A - 风力涡轮机转子叶片的碳－玻璃混合型翼梁 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机转子叶片的碳－玻璃混合型翼梁 Download PDF

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CN101021202A
CN101021202A CNA2007100057086A CN200710005708A CN101021202A CN 101021202 A CN101021202 A CN 101021202A CN A2007100057086 A CNA2007100057086 A CN A2007100057086A CN 200710005708 A CN200710005708 A CN 200710005708A CN 101021202 A CN101021202 A CN 101021202A
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E·艾布
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Abstract

一种风力涡轮机转子叶片(240)的纤维增强基体包括被包埋在同一基体材料(105)中的玻璃纤维(115)和碳纤维(125)。

Description

风力涡轮机转子叶片的碳-玻璃混合型翼梁
技术领域
本发明主要涉及风力涡轮机转子叶片的纤维增强基体，且更具体而言，涉及一种包括这样的纤维增强基体的风力涡轮机转子叶片。
背景技术
风力涡轮机叶片典型地是通过两个纤维增强聚合物的叶片半壳而制成的。在进行模制时，所述两个半壳沿边缘并且通过撑杆被胶粘在一起，在此之前，所述撑杆已被胶粘到其中一个叶片半壳的内表面上。然后，另一个叶片半壳被布置在撑杆顶部并且沿边缘被胶粘到其上面。
叶片半壳本身典型地由真空注入物制成，在所述真空注入物中，均匀分布的纤维、呈纤维束的粗纱、可以是单纤维毡垫或纤维粗纱的织造垫的粗纱带或垫分层叠置在模件中并覆盖一个真空袋。通过在模件内表面与真空袋之间的腔体中产生真空，树脂被吸入并充注在包含纤维材料的腔体中。为了使树脂获得最优分布，常常在真空袋与纤维材料之间使用所谓的分配层和分配通道。
所使用的基体材料即聚合物典型地是聚酯或环氧，并且纤维增强常常是基于玻璃纤维的。然而，还已公知的是，使用比玻璃纤维更加刚硬，但是在断裂时具有比玻璃纤维更小的延伸率的碳纤维。但是，碳纤维的缺点在于其明显比玻璃纤维昂贵，这正是碳纤维增强聚合物的风力涡轮机叶片未得到广泛应用的原因之一。
发明内容
一种风力涡轮机转子叶片的纤维增强基体包括被包埋在同一基体材料中的玻璃纤维和碳纤维。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的纤维增强混合材料的剖视图；
图2是根据本发明的另一个实施例的纤维增强混合材料的剖视图；
图3是风力涡轮机的示意图；
图4是风力涡轮机转子叶片的前视图；
图5是根据本发明的一个实施例的风力涡轮机转子的剖视图；和
图6是根据本发明的第一实施例的风力涡轮机转子的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的纤维增强混合材料100的剖视图。该混合材料包括两种不同的主要纤维类型，即碳纤维125和玻璃纤维115，如图1的剖面中所示。玻璃纤维115和碳纤维125彼此混合在一起，从而使得它们均匀地分布在基体105内。因此，玻璃纤维115通过基体材料105与碳纤维125相联并且提供了经过混合的混合型玻璃纤维/碳纤维增强基体。结果是，所述纤维增强混合材料100不仅比纯碳纤维增强材料具有更大的失效压缩应变(compressive strain tofailure)，而且比纯玻璃纤维增强材料具有更大的刚度。因此，两种纤维的优点得到结合，同时两种纤维的缺点得到减少。此外，由于厚度增加，因此与纯碳纤维增强材料相比，所述纤维增强材料的抗弯阻力增大了。然而，相对于纯玻璃纤维增强材料而言，所述材料的重量减轻了。
图2示出了本发明的另一个实施例。如图中所示，混合材料100具有包括交替进行布置的玻璃纤维层110和碳纤维层120的分层结构。所述交替布置的纤维层110，120被包埋在共同分享的基体材料105中。因此，玻璃纤维115与碳纤维125通过基体105彼此相联。
纤维115，125可呈现任何适当的形式。在示例性实施例中，纤维115，125呈现非织造织物、织造织物和粗纱织物中的至少一种的形式。典型地，纤维115，125可以是预制垫。
根据本发明的一个实施例，基体材料105为环氧树脂或环氧酚醛。根据本发明的另一个实施例，热固性树脂，特别是环氧树脂、环氧酚醛、聚酯、聚酰亚胺、凝结型和添加型的、酚醛树脂和双马来酰亚胺被用作基体材料。根据混合基体适用的具体技术目的来选择特定的树脂。特别是，相对于用于生产出具有所需的机械和环境特性的成品混合型纤维增强部件的特定的纤维增强效应而选择树脂体系。在树脂中混入硬化剂/催化剂之后，通常要在真空条件下对树脂进行除气处理，从而消除或去除在液体树脂中截留的全部空气。因此，所述树脂应该能够经受一定时间的热的真空压力循环环境而不形成气泡或孔隙。
图3是包括支柱210的风力涡轮机200的示意图，风力涡轮机短舱220被安装在支柱的顶端。具有三个附接到其上的转子叶片240的叶毂230被安装在风力涡轮机短舱220的侧端。
图4示出了转子叶片240的构型。如图中所示，转子叶片240包括用以将转子叶片240安装到叶毂230上的叶根部段241。与叶根部段241相对设置转子叶片240的尖端242。转子叶片240的本体部段243在叶根部段241与尖端242之间进行延伸。
图5示出了沿图4中线A-A’进行截取的根据本发明的一个实施例的转子叶片240的本体部段243的剖面。图中示出了用于加强叶片外壳的梁杆244和245(sparcap)。梁杆244，245由如上面所述的纤维增强混合材料制成。因此，与常规的纯玻璃纤维梁杆相比，梁杆244，245的刚度增大，而重量减轻。同时，与常规的纯碳纤维梁杆相比，梁杆244，245的失效压缩应变和抗弯阻力增大，而其成本降低。因此，上述纤维增强混合材料的应用导致获得得到改进的转子叶片240。
图6示出了本发明的又一个实施例。如图中所示，转子叶片240包括压力侧外壳246和吸力侧外壳247。由于叶片240的吸力侧主要受到压缩载荷，因此所希望的是使用具有适于吸力侧外壳247的抗压强度的材料。根据如图6所示的实施例，转子叶片240的吸力侧外壳247由如上面所述的玻璃纤维/碳纤维混合材料制成。因此，与纯碳纤维增强塑性材料相比，吸力侧外壳247的失效压缩应变增大，同时与常规的玻璃纤维外壳相比，刚度和重量得到改善。
另外，图5和图6所示的实施例可彼此结合，从而使得梁杆244，245和吸力侧外壳247由如上面所述的玻璃纤维/碳纤维混合材料制成。在另一可选实施例中，仅吸力侧梁杆245由玻璃纤维/碳纤维混合材料制成。由于叶片240的吸力侧受到较大的压缩载荷，因此这同时增大了转子叶片吸力侧的失效压缩应变。
通过上面对本发明的详细描述，本领域的技术人员应该理解：可在不偏离由下面的权利要求书所限定的精神和范围的条件下对本发明作出多种变型。本领域的技术人员将会意识到：根据本发明的纤维增强混合材料结合了纯碳纤维增强塑料与纯玻璃纤维增强塑料二者的优点，同时减少了它们各自的弱点。与此同时，与纯碳纤维增强塑料相比，可以更低的成本获得根据本发明的纤维增强混合材料。因此，所述纤维增强混合材料还可以有利地适用于风力涡轮机之外的其它技术领域，例如汽车零件、直升飞机的旋转机翼、船只、桥梁、用于化学工业的管道系统或容器。另外，纤维增强混合材料在风力涡轮机中的应用不限于转子叶片，还可以包括风力涡轮机中的叶毂部件、短舱和/或支柱。
如上面所述，风力涡轮机转子叶片中的纤维增强混合材料包括被包埋在同一基体材料中的玻璃纤维和碳纤维。换句话说，玻璃纤维和碳纤维分享共同的基体，从而使得玻璃纤维/碳纤维混合材料一体成形。在观察剖视图时，根据示例性实施例的所述混合材料由交替叠置在一起的玻璃纤维层和碳纤维层形成。这些交替层被包埋在一种基体材料中。
该示例性材料比纯碳纤维增强材料具有更大的失效压缩应变。另外，这样的纤维增强混合材料的刚度大于纯玻璃纤维材料的刚度。因此，上述混合材料结合了两种材料的优点，同时减少了它们各自的弱点。此外，与纯碳纤维增强材料相比，所述材料的抗弯阻力增大了，同时，相对于纯玻璃纤维增强材料而言，所述材料的重量减轻了。在该示例性实施例中，主承载部件、加强梁杆和吸力侧外壳中的至少一个是由这种混合材料制成的。
虽然已结合多个具体实施例对本发明进行了描述，但是本领域的技术人员将会意识到可通过落入权利要求书的精神和范围内的多种变型实践本发明。
零件列表
100    纤维增强混合材料
105    基体材料
110    玻璃纤维层
115    玻璃纤维
120    碳纤维层
125    碳纤维
200    风力涡轮机
210    支柱
220    风力涡轮机短舱
230    叶毂
240    转子叶片
241    叶根部段
242    尖端
243    本体部段
244    梁杆
245    吸力侧梁杆
246    压力侧外壳
247    吸力侧外壳
255    梁杆

Claims (10)

1、一种风力涡轮机转子叶片(240)的纤维增强基体，包括：被包埋在同一基体材料(105)中的玻璃纤维(115)和碳纤维(125)。
2、根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强基体，其中所述玻璃纤维(115)和所述碳纤维(125)被布置在交替的玻璃纤维层和碳纤维层中。
3、根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强基体，其中所述玻璃纤维(115)和所述碳纤维(125)中的至少一种被设置成非织造织物的形式。
4、根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强基体，其中所述玻璃纤维(115)和所述碳纤维(125)中的至少一种被设置成织造织物的形式。
5、根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强基体，其中所述玻璃纤维(115)和所述碳纤维(125)中的至少一种被设置成粗纱织物的形式。
6、根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强基体，其中所述基体材料(105)从包括环氧树脂、环氧酚醛、聚酯、聚酰亚胺、酚醛树脂和双马来酰亚胺的物质组中进行选择。
7、一种风力涡轮机转子叶片(240)，包括：根据权利要求1所述的纤维增强基体。
8、根据权利要求7所述的风力涡轮机转子叶片(240)，其中转子叶片的主承载部件由所述纤维增强基体制成。
9、根据权利要求7所述的风力涡轮机转子叶片(240)，其中用于加强转子叶片的至少一个梁杆(244，255)由所述纤维增强基体制成。
10、根据权利要求7所述的风力涡轮机转子叶片，其中吸力侧梁杆(245)由所述纤维增强基体制成。
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